[HN Gopher] Owner of Symbolics Lisp machines IP is interested in...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Owner of Symbolics Lisp machines IP is interested in a non-
       commercial release
        
       Author : mepian
       Score  : 216 points
       Date   : 2023-07-07 17:39 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (hachyderm.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (hachyderm.io)
        
       | johndmcmaster wrote:
       | Some friends and I tried to buy chips from them recently.
       | However, they wanted a relatively significant amount of money for
       | them that more accurately reflected commercial rates than
       | historical collectible prices. Seems like they are operating as a
       | corporation still and may still be protective over their IP
       | 
       | Background: I maintain the largest die photography collection on
       | the internet. I wanted to take some die pictures for historical
       | reasons. Fortunately I was able to get one to image from a third
       | party, although I haven't posted it yet
        
         | lispm wrote:
         | I would think that in the few remaining CPUs specially designed
         | to run Lisp have a significant historical value. Just having a
         | working original Lisp Machine is extremely rare these days -
         | given that there were probably only 10000 ever being made and
         | the older ones (from the early to mid 80s) are extremely
         | fragile.
        
       | linguae wrote:
       | This would be a major development should this come to pass. Even
       | if Genera doesn't get released under a OSS-compliant license,
       | this will be beneficial for hobbyists and historians (though I
       | don't know how restrictive non-commercial licenses are for people
       | in academia), similar to the recent release of the Apple Lisa
       | source code (which has similar stipulations). I've always wanted
       | to use Symbolics Genera, but I was born around the time of the AI
       | winter of the late 1980s.
       | 
       | I wonder if there were any efforts in the 1990s or 2000s to
       | create a FOSS clone of Genera in the vein of either the GNU
       | project, the Linux kernel, and 4.4BSD and its descendants. I
       | heard that Genera is quite complex, but complexity didn't stop
       | ReactOS and Haiku from chugging along after all these years.
        
         | zokier wrote:
         | > I wonder if there were any efforts in the 1990s or 2000s to
         | create a FOSS clone of Genera in the vein of either the GNU
         | project
         | 
         | Of course GNU project originally was heavily influenced by LISP
         | machines, its only later that the lispy aspirations largely
         | died off. Example from the original announcement:
         | 
         | > In particular, we plan to have [...] Lisp-based window system
         | through which several Lisp programs and ordinary Unix programs
         | can share a screen. Both C and Lisp will be available as system
         | programming languages
         | 
         | As I understand the idea was to build free Lisp Machine clone
         | which would have bits of unix in it.
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | While nowadays they are a bit more open to which languages to
           | use on GNU projects,
           | 
           | https://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/standards.html#Source-
           | Lan...
           | 
           | Back in the day it was mostly about C, hence why C adoption
           | grew again as GNU/Linux gained adoption, when it was already
           | being taken over by C++ in the Apple and Microsoft/IBM
           | ecosystems.
           | 
           | > Using a language other than C is like using a non-standard
           | feature: it will cause trouble for users. Even if GCC
           | supports the other language, users may find it inconvenient
           | to have to install the compiler for that other language in
           | order to build your program. So please write in C.
           | 
           | -- http://web.mit.edu/gnu/doc/html/standards_7.html
           | 
           | Lisp was only considered as part of specific applications
           | like Emacs, as you can read on that surviving version from
           | 1994.
        
             | cmrdporcupine wrote:
             | For a while there Guile (Scheme not Lisp, but similar vibe)
             | was being pushed as the preferred glue and extension and
             | scripting language for the GNU ecosystem, but this didn't
             | really go anywhere. Nor did the elisp->euile transition in
             | GNU emacs ever happen.
        
               | kagevf wrote:
               | > but this didn't really go anywhere.
               | 
               | What about guix? It uses guile ...
        
         | cmrdporcupine wrote:
         | You'd hope that that these folks could at least do a GPL-
         | style/copyleft license, which would effectively prevent (non-
         | negotiated) commercial use anyways, while still enabling the
         | open source community to enhance and distribute?
        
           | sigstoat wrote:
           | i can take something like Octave (very GPL) and do commercial
           | things with it all day. the GPL would only be relevant if i
           | start distributing Octave itself. (or, in your suggested
           | world, if i started distributing the hypothetically GPL'd
           | genera)
        
           | racingmars wrote:
           | The GPL does not prohibit commercial use at all.
           | 
           | Often when historical stuff like this is released for "non-
           | commercial use", they're not just talking about not using the
           | code itself in your own non-open-source product, but they
           | mean "you can't run your business on this software."
           | 
           | The GPL certainly doesn't stop a commercial entity from
           | downloading and using a GPL-licensed accounting package such
           | a GnuCash to keep track of their company finances.
        
             | cmrdporcupine wrote:
             | I mean I guess I should have explicitly said "derived
             | distribution for commercial projects" but I kinda thought
             | that was obvious since nobody is going to use Genera as is,
             | it would require substantial upgrading to make it useful
             | for the 21st century.
             | 
             | Which would be a derived work under GPL and require
             | publication of sources if distributed etc. etc.
             | 
             | GPL makes a lot of sense to me for something like this.
             | Nobody is going to make money off Symbolic's old IP, but if
             | they somehow were, clauses in the GPL3 or some variant of a
             | copyleft license would likely force them to contribute
             | back.
        
             | jasonjayr wrote:
             | Having never used a lisp machine, and only having a basic
             | understanding of it -- but if the whole system is a lisp
             | image + apps are just calling into the OS as if they were
             | lisp functions, woulden't a 'pure GPL' be problematic
             | becuase _EVERYTHING_ running in it would have to be GPL?
             | Are there clear linking boundaries in symbolics lisp
             | between apps + the OS ?
        
               | convolvatron wrote:
               | kinda. not really. but I think this is an important point
               | about the gpl. it hinges on this notion of 'linkage'
               | which is a specific technical implementation which is
               | partially on its way out.
               | 
               | but I don't see why it would be a concern here? you're
               | saying to develop a non-gel application on top a gpl-d
               | genera? I guess so.
        
               | cmrdporcupine wrote:
               | GPL3 kinda cleans this up a bit, doesn't it?
        
               | kazinator wrote:
               | Lisps have linkage via symbols. Loading a shared library
               | on Unix via dlopen() is just a frankenstein version of
               | loading a compiled Lisp file.
               | 
               | Linkage is a very abstract concept; it just means name
               | references in this piece here connect with name
               | definitions in that piece over there. The tech may
               | change, but the concept won't easily go away.
               | 
               | Function bindings being established or replaced, and used
               | by code in other files, is linkage.
               | 
               | If you load a proprietary compiled file (.fasl or
               | whatever) into a GPLed Lisp program/image such that
               | either uses symbols in the other, that is a GPL
               | violation.
               | 
               | However, a given Lisp can spell out exceptions to the
               | rule. Like that a proprietary module may be used,
               | provided it only uses certain symbols (in the module ->
               | program direction), and certain registration mechanisms
               | for its code being hooked in (program -> module
               | direction). If it uses GPL symbols then it must be GPLed.
               | Likewise, if the program is hacked to bypass the GPL-free
               | module registration mechanism, so that it calls some
               | proprietary symbols directly, that is also a GPL
               | violation.
               | 
               | Same as Linux kernel .ko modules, basically. If you hack
               | the kernel to call some function in a proprietary .ko,
               | then that's a tainting situation. A .ko calling non-GPL
               | functions, likewise. A proprietary .ko's module_init
               | function being called by the kernel is not a GPL
               | violation, and that module_init calling a non-GPL symbol
               | to register something is also okay.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | > it hinges on this notion of 'linkage' which is a
               | specific technical implementation which is partially on
               | its way out.
               | 
               | The GPL does not care about linkage status. The GNU
               | Library license, which I originally wrote, is for cases
               | such as this, and the lispm code could be licensed that
               | way.
               | 
               | I don't understand what you mean by "partially on its way
               | out".
        
               | amno wrote:
               | As long as you don't distribute it, you are OK.
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | For GPLv2
        
               | pxc wrote:
               | And also GPLv3. It's only AGPL that has stipulations for
               | software you don't distribute t ok others.
        
               | kazinator wrote:
               | The Linux kernel shows that you can have GPL symbols and
               | non-GPL symbols.
               | 
               | Perhaps more relevantly, here is an example of a GPL-ed
               | Lisp implementation which has special provisions that
               | allow proprietary programs to be redistributed which use
               | it:
               | 
               | https://clisp.sourceforge.io/impnotes/faq.html#faq-
               | licensing
               | 
               | One notable rule is that applications that access symbols
               | non-portable internal packages (considered to be CLISP
               | extensions) must comply with the GPL.
               | 
               | FFI is one of those packages. So this probably means that
               | a proprietary application that extends CLISP via FFI
               | (e.g. to call its own proprietary library) must split off
               | that piece away from the application and make it GPL. I'm
               | guessing that the rest of the code, which depends on the
               | CLISP+extension, doesn't have to be GPL.
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | GPL treats isolated processes and shared libs as a
               | license firewall. That doesn't happen in Lisp world.
        
               | kazinator wrote:
               | If a GPLed shared library is loaded into a process,
               | everything in it has to be compatibly licensed.
               | 
               | GPL-incompatible applications that dynamically load a
               | GPLed library and use it optionally can probably get away
               | with it.
               | 
               | If you make a proprietary program which can optionally
               | use a GPLed dynamic library, which you don't ship with
               | the program, you're _likely_ untouchable in court, if
               | your attorney argues the point with a tongue more silver
               | than the other guys ' attorney.
        
               | em-bee wrote:
               | a different definition could be applied here, which would
               | be fine because it would not be an additional restriction
               | but less restriction than what the GPL would demand.
               | 
               | on the other hand, not having this boundary would mean
               | that a lot of commercial use would be prevented, which
               | would work in favor of those who originally were looking
               | for a non-commercial license.
        
               | kmeisthax wrote:
               | It doesn't. You can trip the GPL on anything that makes
               | your code and the GPL-covered code form the same
               | "program." What that term means exactly is strategically
               | ambiguous; but it definitely does NOT mean "same address
               | space."
               | 
               | Shared libraries are very much NOT a firewall either,
               | Stallman explicitly said otherwise[0] and Lesser GPL is
               | there specifically for people who want it the other way
               | round.
               | 
               | Linux is special - it's licensed with an exception that
               | says user space never trips the GPL. Linus has also
               | further interpreted said exception to mean that code that
               | only touches user space equivalent APIs can live in
               | kernel space without tripping GPL. They even have DRM[1]
               | that enforces this interpretation on LKMs.
               | 
               | Absent that exception, who knows. The GPL copyleft is
               | deliberately written to be as strong as copyright laws
               | are, and we live in a legal environment where APIs can by
               | copyrighted. So it's entirely plausible to argue that a
               | GPL operating system trips its copyleft on all software
               | written for it. A less hypothetical example: packaged
               | emulators. If you sell a proprietary game wrapped inside
               | a GPL emulator, that's a single program now, and you're
               | violating GPL. However, while several emulator developers
               | have had their work used in exactly this way, none of
               | them have been willing to demand a relicense of the game
               | their emulator was packaged with.
               | 
               | [0] https://sourceforge.net/p/clisp/clisp/ci/default/tree
               | /doc/Wh...
               | 
               | [1] Digital Rights Management. Yes, Linus could actually
               | sue a driver vendor that circumvented the Linux kernel
               | linker licensing rules under DMCA 1201. GPLv3 explicitly
               | contravenes such interpretations of the code, but well,
               | Linus ain't touching that license with a ten foot pole.
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | The emulator example is not a great one, it could be
               | argued is an aggregation, not derivative.
        
           | whartung wrote:
           | I bet there is a valid argument that there's nothing here of
           | any commercial value anymore.
           | 
           | The industry has gone beyond "catching up" to surpassing the
           | values of the Lisp Machine and Genera. Any grand ideas of
           | this era have been considered, and either mined,
           | reimplemented, and exploited or simply rejected as being past
           | their time.
           | 
           | The lack of a Lisp machine or environment like Genera is not
           | holding Lisp (much less the entire modern family of Lisp-y
           | languages) back. And modern IDEs are off the charts, even if
           | they don't check every single box of what Genera has to
           | offer.
           | 
           | As an industry, we've not just stood on the shoulders of
           | giants of the past like Genera, we've stepped off and up and
           | moved ahead.
           | 
           | I've seen the Genera image that's floating around, it ran in
           | a VM of some kind. There's a couple YouTube videos of
           | demonstrations, and maybe I've seen the wrong ones, but I've
           | just seen them as interesting but not necessarily compelling.
           | It would be wonderful to see a thorough review from a modern
           | perspective.
           | 
           | And, yea, they should set the system free. It's pushing 50
           | years old, and we're in "internet" time, so who knows how
           | much that is in "No one knows you're a dog" years.
        
             | dietrichepp wrote:
             | Maybe not of commercial value.
             | 
             | But I took the time to get SLIME set up, with SBCL, and it
             | seems like a completely different world. I've used
             | languages with dynamic loading and REPLs before, and it
             | seems like we still have something to learn from Lisp.
             | Like, the experience is far from ideal--Lisp has its own
             | problems. But it is just so damn nice to redefine a
             | function in a running system, without having to then get
             | the system back into the state that I need. I've used IDEs
             | with dynamic code patching, and I've used Python systems
             | that reload modules, but there have always been problems
             | with the ergonomics.
        
               | NavinF wrote:
               | Never understood this sentiment. I was editing functions
               | without restarting the whole program using visual studio
               | >15 years go and the ergonomics were great: I just click
               | the line number next to the function, edit what I need to
               | edit, and click continue to use the new function.
               | 
               | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-
               | us/visualstudio/debugger/edit...
        
               | dietrichepp wrote:
               | I've used that before, but the Lisp stuff still feels a
               | lot better. I'm not just running a program and swapping
               | out a function, but I'm using a REPL, some powerful
               | introspection capabilities, a compiler, and a running
               | system all together in a way that just works really
               | nicely. I can add new files, import new libraries, and
               | redefine structures. Objects that I print out in the REPL
               | can be copied out and pasted directly into code. Rather
               | than running the program and fixing the problems, you
               | keep the system running the entire time you're working on
               | it. And the condition system provides a lot of help when
               | you screw something up.
               | 
               | To be clear--I'm not making the argument that people
               | should be writing programs in Lisp. Just that there are
               | some things to learn from the way Lisp development works.
               | 
               | In the past, when I've used the various edit-and-continue
               | tools, it felt it was just cutting some time out of the
               | edit-compile-run cycle. The Lisp system feels more like a
               | workbench, where you create fixtures to try things out
               | while you are building the system.
        
               | riffraff wrote:
               | Have you tried a smalltalk environment?
               | 
               | There's plenty of mature options both commercial and
               | free, and to me, many years ago,they have a similar
               | feeling.
        
               | kazinator wrote:
               | Program Edit and Continue is a fragile self modifying C
               | code hack that you would never dare try in production on
               | a customer machine.
               | 
               | It doesn't simply replace a function binding; it actually
               | replaces code and puts the instruction pointer of
               | existing threads that were running that code into some
               | similar location in the new code. (Which is pretty
               | amazing, to be sure).
               | 
               | What's going on in Lisp code reloading is something a lot
               | pedestrian; just new functions are replacing old ones.
               | Thread which are in the middle of running the old
               | functions continue with those ones. When the last thread
               | is done executing a function, it can be garbage
               | collected.
        
               | Thiez wrote:
               | Editing code live in production should not be part of
               | your workflow, so kind of a pointless feature.
               | 
               | I don't work with life-critical software and yet auditors
               | demand that every code-change to production is peer
               | reviewed and linked to a jira item.
        
               | dietrichepp wrote:
               | To be clear, I'm not describing "editing live in
               | production" as the workflow. The workflow is editing code
               | live on your development machine, committing the changes,
               | and going through the normal code review + CI/CD pipeline
               | you'd set up for any other project.
               | 
               | Something like Fix & Continue in Visual Studio is good
               | for testing out smaller changes. By comparison, something
               | like SLIME + Lisp is powerful enough to use for
               | developing new features. The running system on your
               | developer workstation is mostly synchronized with the
               | source code on disk because the interface you use for
               | making changes is the editor. This synchronization is not
               | perfect, but that's why you have your unit tests and
               | CI/CD pipeline.
        
               | kazinator wrote:
               | Ticketed and peer-reviewed fixes can be deployed live in
               | production as if they were live code edits. Technically
               | it is the same thing; it's just a process difference.
        
               | NavinF wrote:
               | > puts the instruction pointer of existing threads that
               | were running that code into some similar location in the
               | new code
               | 
               | If you're implying that this isn't thread safe, you're
               | wrong. Edit and continue works just like how you
               | described Lisp code reloading. Works just fine in
               | production if you're crazy enough to push a debug build.
               | 
               | I dunno why Lisp people keep advertising ancient and
               | widely distributed tech as revolutionary. Eg have you
               | looked at LLVM XRay? It's yet another "self modifying C
               | code hack", except it's explicitly designed to work in
               | production on release builds:
               | https://llvm.org/docs/XRay.html
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | It used to be like that, however the new hot code reload
               | uses an improved approach, althought it still isn't
               | Lisp/Smalltalk.
        
             | kazinator wrote:
             | > _stood on the shoulders of giants of the past like
             | Genera_
             | 
             | I don't buy it. What in the world actually traces its roots
             | to Genera in any way, outside of the Lisp microcosm?
        
               | rjsw wrote:
               | Not Genera, but there is a thread of TI Explorer -> .NET.
               | 
               | Maybe PowerShell can also be described as using some of
               | the same concepts of manipulating data as the Genera UI.
        
               | lispm wrote:
               | What happened was that a lot of Lisp/AI companies had to
               | let people go. Amongst them from the Lisp Machine
               | companies: LMI, Symbolics, TI, Xerox, ... but also Lucid
               | and a few Expert System vendors. Some of these people
               | were very experienced developers. There were only a few
               | Lisp/Lisp-like companies/projects to go: Apple/Dylan,
               | Harlequin, Franz, Clozure, ITA, ... They also worked on
               | Java and .net infrastructure and languages.
               | 
               | Dan Weinreb wrote an object-oriented database at
               | Symbolics -> Objectstore was founded by former Symbolics
               | people. Their C++ database was said to be influenced by
               | Symbolics Statice.
               | 
               | Patrick Dussud from TI went to Microsoft. Dave Moon went
               | to Apple. Gary Palter worked for Clozure. Steele worked
               | for SUN on language design (Java, Fortress, ...). Weinreb
               | later went to ITA -> worked on the flight search engine
               | written in Lisp. There are a bunch of other examples.
               | 
               | A bunch of language infrastructure or even language
               | designs was influenced.
        
               | the-smug-one wrote:
               | Generally Java and the JVM. The source code for J9 and
               | Hotspot VM are taken from Smalltalk, which of course had
               | a lot of mixing with Lisp. If you look at Mark Reinhold
               | and John Rose (architects for the OpenJDK project), then
               | you'll also see that they're Lispers.
               | 
               | I don't think the roots are going to be source code-
               | based, but based on cultural transfer.
        
               | kazinator wrote:
               | The question isn't about Lisp influence, though.
               | 
               | But the idea of Java being Lisp influenced is
               | questionable. Though they had Guy Steele, who said
               | something about bringing C programmers halfway to Lisp,
               | pretty much the the only Lisp idea in Java is garbage
               | collection.
               | 
               | The JVM is hostile against the efficient implementation
               | of Lisp-like languages; it doesn't let you pack tag
               | fields into pointer values.
        
               | the-smug-one wrote:
               | Is it that big of a step to assume that old school
               | Lispers know about Genera and have been influenced by it?
               | 
               | >But the idea of Java being Lisp influenced is
               | questionable. Though they had Guy Steele, who said
               | something about bringing C programmers halfway to Lisp,
               | pretty much the the only Lisp idea in Java is garbage
               | collection.
               | 
               | Java also has some dynamicism through classloaders and
               | reflection.
               | 
               | >The JVM is hostile against the efficient implementation
               | of Lisp-like languages; it doesn't let you pack tag
               | fields into pointer values.
               | 
               | It's a good trade off for Java, pointer coloring is used
               | by ZGC for example.
        
             | richardjdare wrote:
             | When I got that leaked Genera image going in Linux I felt
             | like I'd found a crashed UFO. It was incredibly inspiring
             | and I don't think its true at all that we have surpassed
             | it.
             | 
             | Why do I still have a clunky character-mode terminal
             | instead of a Listener that can display rich text, images,
             | mousable forms? Just think what we'd have today if we'd
             | worked on that paradigm for 30 years instead of fetishizing
             | the limitations of 70s minicomputers.
             | 
             | Why is it that when I type a command into said terminal and
             | forget a parameter, I have to delete it, or open another
             | window to type 'man', whereas on Genera I can hit <help>
             | and view (rich, hypertext) documentation for a specific
             | parameter, inline, while still typing in the command? That
             | little feature was a revelation.
             | 
             | Genera's fluid, ergonomic developer experience is something
             | we are turning away from more and more these days.
             | Programming is increasingly surrounded by the most tedious
             | bureaucratic and administrative work. The hoops I have to
             | jump through before I can start creating something in a
             | programming language are only increasing. If people had
             | paid attention to Genera and to Lisp machines it wouldn't
             | be like this.
             | 
             | And I've only mentioned surface aspects of the user
             | experience. I haven't talked about being able to debug
             | _anything_ , or the idea that what look like applications
             | are actually "substrates" that I can potentially use as
             | APIs for my own work. We haven't scratched the surface yet.
        
         | Paul-Craft wrote:
         | > I wonder if there were any efforts in the 1990s or 2000s to
         | create a FOSS clone of Genera in the vein of either the GNU
         | project, the Linux kernel, and 4.4BSD and its descendants.
         | 
         | Not that I know of, but here's an install guide for the real
         | deal: https://archives.loomcom.com/genera/genera-install.html
        
           | bilegeek wrote:
           | Also, the predecessor MIT CADR LispM has had an emulator and
           | OS for awhile.
           | 
           | https://tumbleweed.nu/r/bug-lispm/forumpost/7475d8a3db
        
             | rjsw wrote:
             | There is also an emulator for the LMI Lisp Machine [1].
             | 
             | [1] https://github.com/dseagrav/ld
        
             | mindcrime wrote:
             | See also: http://www.unlambda.com/index.php?n=Main.Mit
        
         | pjmlp wrote:
         | While not Genera, Interlisp-D at Xerox was their approach to
         | Lisp Machines, and is available now.
         | 
         | https://interlisp.org/
         | 
         | https://www.softwarepreservation.org/projects/LISP/interlisp...
         | 
         | "Xerox PARC:Interlisp D Programmers Tools"
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgMZ9gRhq8A
         | 
         | "The Medley Interlisp Project: Status and Plans"
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6-b_hazcyk
        
           | skissane wrote:
           | What advantages does Genera have over Interlisp-D?
        
       | dumdumchan wrote:
       | Just a virtual machine that runs a lisp os. Might as well just
       | run clojure on jvm
        
         | linguae wrote:
         | What makes Symbolics Genera interesting is not the fact it's a
         | Common Lisp implementation; there's SBCL, ABCL, and plenty of
         | others. It's the development environment inside Genera that
         | many users fondly remember and make it stand out even today.
         | The excitement about the broader availability of Genera centers
         | around its development environment.
        
         | shrubble wrote:
         | Even the device drivers were written in Lisp.
        
       | pdw wrote:
       | Don't hold your breath, these rumors have been going for well
       | over a decade:
       | 
       | 2018: "The current owner of Symbolics displayed interest in open-
       | sourcing Genera a few years ago but nothing happened since then."
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17824330
       | 
       | 2014: "The problem is that the Symbolics IP is now owned by John
       | Mallery; he has stated he has plans for making it available but
       | so far (several years) has not yet done so."
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7882034
       | 
       | The software itself can easily be found these days, if you're
       | interested for hobbyist reasons.
        
         | andsoitis wrote:
         | > The software itself can easily be found these days
         | 
         | where?
        
           | charcircuit wrote:
           | archive.org
        
           | ndiddy wrote:
           | Good article on getting things set up:
           | https://archives.loomcom.com/genera/genera-install.html
        
             | ynniv wrote:
             | An old, messy automation: https://github.com/ynniv/vagrant-
             | opengenera
        
         | mepian wrote:
         | This is more than a rumor: Gary Palter is one of the last
         | employees of Symbolics who wrote the emulator in the first
         | place, and he communicated with the owner.
         | 
         | He co-authored this article about the development of the
         | emulator: http://pt.withy.org/publications/VLM.html
         | 
         | The fact that he still has hope is significant.
        
           | appleflaxen wrote:
           | Is he the copyright holder? Being the last employee doesn't
           | have anything to do with copyright, if you're an employee of
           | a company.
        
             | skissane wrote:
             | The company (Symbolics) was owned by Andrew Topping.
             | Topping died, and Symbolics' IP was sold at his deceased
             | estate auction. It was bought by John C. Mallery, a
             | (former?) MIT professor, so he is the current copyright
             | holder. (Or at least he asserts he is-some have expressed
             | doubts over the legitimacy of the transaction, but the only
             | way to get a definitive answer to that would be through a
             | lawsuit, and nobody thus far has wanted to go down that
             | path-the risks are that one might spend a fortune on
             | lawyers and Mallery could win.)
             | 
             | Gary Palter was one of the last employees, and as such
             | doesn't own the copyrights. However, he is in personal
             | contact with Mallery, and the enhancements he has made to
             | Genera (such as porting it to ARM) have been done with
             | Mallery's permission.
             | 
             | Nobody seems to understand why Mallery is squatting on this
             | rather than making it publicly available. Palter has never
             | clearly explained it, although I imagine he doesn't want to
             | burn his bridges with Mallery, and that may limit what he's
             | able to publicly say.
        
               | BaculumMeumEst wrote:
               | The answer is obviously "money". An MIT researcher's
               | legacy will be that he withheld a huge piece of computing
               | history from the world for personal gain. What a stain.
        
               | marcus0x62 wrote:
               | What money? In what alternate universe is a well-heeled
               | investor or commercial entity going to pay a bunch of
               | money for an ancient single-user operating system written
               | in and for a language that, let's be honest, almost
               | nobody uses?
        
               | BaculumMeumEst wrote:
               | Why would there be a stipulation for non-commercial use
               | if this isn't about money?
        
               | marcus0x62 wrote:
               | Maybe the owner thinks Genera will become more valuable
               | in the future? My point is I don't see any possibility of
               | that actually happening. I'd imagine there is some
               | revenue for maintenance/bug fixes of existing
               | installations (David Schmidt has apparently been running
               | the hardware maintenance/support side of things for quite
               | some time,) but I don't see how the software does
               | anything other than get less valuable commercially with
               | every passing year.
        
               | BaculumMeumEst wrote:
               | > I don't see how the software does anything other than
               | get less valuable commercially with every passing year
               | 
               | That's the worst part of all this. It's not like he's
               | sitting on a goldmine, he's hoarding something of immense
               | historical value because it's slightly more beneficial
               | for him to do so than it would be to share it.
               | 
               | I can't imagine steering your legacy from being
               | immortalized as an MIT AI researcher to... that.
        
               | Zigurd wrote:
               | There is enough money sloshing around in tech that it is
               | plausible someone or some company would buy it for a lot
               | more than Mallery paid for it. It was probably bought
               | for, at most, a few thousand US$, on a lark. It's a
               | lottery ticket.
        
               | nullc wrote:
               | > Nobody seems to understand why Mallery is squatting on
               | this rather than making it publicly available.
               | 
               | Clearly he's hoping John Titor shows up and offers to
               | exchange priceless insights about the future in exchange
               | for access to the code in order to repair some weird
               | embedded system in the far future. :)
               | 
               | More seriously, its not uncommon for people to have
               | unrealistic expectations of the value of the things
               | they've collected. They liked them enough to collect
               | them, after all. People seeking them out might help
               | cement the inflated valuation.
               | 
               | The sad thing is that when people die the people that
               | inherit the assets often see no value in them at all and
               | lose or discard them.
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | > More seriously, its not uncommon for people to have
               | unrealistic expectations of the value of the things
               | they've collected.
               | 
               | Does anyone know how much Mallery paid at the auction? It
               | makes a big difference whether it was $50 or $50,000
               | 
               | If he paid a significant sum for it, he may still be
               | clinging to hopes of an eventual return on his
               | investment.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | znpy wrote:
               | Mallery looks like somebody in their 70ies, i guess we'll
               | have to wait for the next deceased estate auction?
               | 
               | I know it's not pretty, but it's an option.
        
         | eschaton wrote:
         | Yeah, and I wouldn't give Mallery a single cent for any of it
         | unless he can demonstrate that Andrew Topping actually paid the
         | executors of the Symbolics bankruptcy for it; if not, it
         | shouldn't have been a part of Topping's estate.
         | 
         | I absolutely do not understand why Mallery is just sitting on
         | it instead of making it available to everyone. It has zero non-
         | historical value. Just put it out into the world and let it be
         | examined as the historical artifact it is.
         | 
         | (That was my plan when I learned of Topping's death.
         | Unfortunately, Mallery beat me to acquiring it, and then just
         | planted his ass on it.)
        
           | rewmie wrote:
           | > (That was my plan when I learned of Topping's death.
           | Unfortunately, Mallery beat me to acquiring it, and then just
           | planted his ass on it.)
           | 
           | That reads as someone who sees it as a purely commercial
           | investment, and is waiting for it to mature.
        
             | marcus0x62 wrote:
             | If his plan was to sit on an asset hoping it would
             | appreciate, he would have been better off buying wine,
             | cars, baseball cards, or even beanie babies.
        
               | rewmie wrote:
               | The potential value of an investment is in the eye of
               | each investor. You believe beanie babies are a better
               | investment, but Mallet might not agree with you.
        
               | marcus0x62 wrote:
               | Fortunately, the market will get to decide which one of
               | us is correct. I'd place my bet on _almost anything_
               | other than an obsolete operating system.
        
               | Y_Y wrote:
               | You're a mallet
        
       | LispSporks22 wrote:
       | Maybe we can save up and buy it from this dude, then open it
       | something like what happened with Blender? I hate the idea of
       | hobbyist licenses - it reminds me of the torturous OpenVMS
       | hobbyist program or whatever the hell that incomprehensible
       | situation is.
       | 
       | Also, curious how old is the IP owner in this situation? What
       | happens if he croaks with it?
        
         | eschaton wrote:
         | As with any asset, it would become part of his estate, to be
         | sold to pay its debts and/or divided among his heirs or left in
         | his will. It may result in another opportunity for someone to
         | acquire it at probate.
        
         | ndiddy wrote:
         | AFAIK Symbolics is basically a one-man operation, and the owner
         | has been unwilling to sell the rights to Genera for any price.
        
           | Keyframe wrote:
           | Does he actually have any connection to Genera or even
           | Symbolics?
        
             | mepian wrote:
             | He developed a well-known web server for Genera:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CL-HTTP
        
           | i_am_a_peasant wrote:
           | i doubt he was offered >= 1 bln $. that's probably the price
           | he's waiting for
        
           | LispSporks22 wrote:
           | Damn that's too bad. Part of computing history and all..
           | wonder why he is motivated that way
        
             | mepian wrote:
             | Maybe he's still hoping to use it to implement his "wish": 
             | http://web.archive.org/web/20011107164802/www.ai.mit.edu/pe
             | o...
             | 
             | "Wish List: a knowledge-based operating system running on a
             | MIMD parallel machine. The system should exceed the
             | productivity of the Lisp Machine by several orders of
             | magnitude and integrate seamlessly with a global knowledge
             | base and with a global computational environment."
             | 
             | Looks like he recently registered a new company:
             | https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_nh/872107
        
         | hresvelgr wrote:
         | Just learned about blender's initial proprietary beginnings.
         | It's interesting that they found the most success with the open
         | source model.
        
           | rwmj wrote:
           | In the Blender case, the community bought the trademark and
           | copyrights from the commercial owners (some VC investors if I
           | remember correctly). https://www.blender.org/about/history/
           | Those donors are still listed in a file in the Blender
           | source: https://github.com/blender/blender/blob/main/doc/lice
           | nse/bf-...
        
             | znpy wrote:
             | > https://www.blender.org/about/history/
             | 
             | citing from the link:
             | 
             | > On Sunday, October 13th, 2002, Blender was released under
             | the terms of the GNU General Public Licence, the strictest
             | possible open-source contract. Not only would Blender be
             | free, but its source code would remain free, forever, to be
             | used for any purpose whatsoever.
             | 
             | keep this in mind when you pick a software license.
        
               | rwmj wrote:
               | Yes, it's a good choice, guaranteeing continuing freedom.
        
             | ratmice wrote:
             | It probably can't be understated though how important it
             | was that Ton, the original author was spearheading that
             | whole thing. He would have had both an existing
             | relationship with the investors, and enough clout with the
             | community backers to envision a future for it... trust
             | which was obviously well placed.
        
       | rbanffy wrote:
       | "Non-commercial"?! How much money are they making from it now?
        
       | behnamoh wrote:
       | I just don't know why much of the Lisp ecosystem is
       | closed/commercial, like if you wanna do Common lisp you have to
       | pay for Lisp Works. Could it be one reason for Lisp's low
       | popularity? If I want to pick up Python now, there's amazing free
       | tooling for it. If I want to pick up Common lisp, well ...
        
         | linguae wrote:
         | The era when Lisp had its greatest commercial success (the
         | 1980s) was a time when free (as in either beer or speech) high-
         | quality development tools for any language were rare. This was
         | the golden age of proprietary software; people were expected to
         | pay for operating systems, compilers, editors, and other tools,
         | and there was increasingly no expectation of having access to
         | the source code. The GNU project was started in 1983 by Richard
         | Stallman, who used to work on MIT Lisp projects (many of his
         | colleagues became part of either Lisp Machines, Inc. or
         | Symbolics, which all came from MIT's work on Lisp machines).
         | 
         | Back to proprietary software, during the AI boom of the 1980s,
         | Lisp machine vendors had success selling high-end workstations
         | to customers willing to pay good money for Lisp environments.
         | This dried up during the subsequent AI winter, though some
         | customers were able to move their Common Lisp solutions to
         | commercial Lisp implementations that worked on workstations or
         | servers running Unix or Windows. But at this point Lisp no
         | longer had the same level of commercial interest, though the
         | legacy and mindshare of Lisp grew through the use of Scheme in
         | CS education (e.g., SICP and the team that wrote PLT Scheme,
         | which was renamed Racket) and the advocacy of Lisp from
         | prominent developers and researchers like Paul Graham, Richard
         | Stallman (Emacs), Eric S. Raymond, Alan Kay (while he's of
         | course a Smalltalker, he's spoken fondly of LISP 1.5 and also
         | of _The Art of the Metaobject Protocol_ ), and many others.
         | There are also many people who used Symbolics Genera in
         | particular and who speak highly of its development environment,
         | sometimes expressing the sentiment that modern development
         | environments don't compare to it.
         | 
         | There are FOSS Common Lisp implementations with wide usage. The
         | most notable is Steel Bank Common Lisp (SBCL), and I also hear
         | of plenty of people using Armed Bear Common Lisp (ABCL, which
         | runs on the Java virtual machine) and Embeddable Common Lisp
         | (ECL). There are other FOSS Common Lisp implementations that I
         | know less about.
        
           | detourdog wrote:
           | I will throw makerlisp in there which is a hardware lisp from
           | Luther Johnson.
        
           | behnamoh wrote:
           | Thanks, this is interesting. I always like to know more about
           | the history of the tech I use.
        
             | Keyframe wrote:
             | Symbolics is actually the founding reason for Stallman
             | becoming full Stallman and all of the free software / GPL
             | thing.
        
             | mportela wrote:
             | Then I highly recommend the book "Hackers: Heroes of the
             | Computer Revolution" [1]. It describes the hacker culture
             | and the hackers behind a lot of things we use to this day,
             | from the early 50s to the mid 80s.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackers:_Heroes_of_the_Co
             | mpute...
        
               | behnamoh wrote:
               | Thanks, I'll check it out.
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | Could be part of the reason, but I think a bigger reason is
         | that it's just not very pleasant to read. Syntax exists for a
         | reason! Nobody really wants to hand-write an AST (or read it).
         | 
         | Imagine programming Python by writing out the AST in JSON.
         | That's what Lisp looks like.
         | 
         | I guess it makes the parser really simple and elegant, but they
         | definitely went way too far towards the programmer on the "make
         | it simple for the programmer/user" spectrum.
        
           | pasc1878 wrote:
           | I find lisp much nicer to read than most languages.
           | 
           | C/Java etc (which I was a professional in) have too many bits
           | to the syntax - braces and semi-colons and the execution is
           | not necessarily shown by the format.
           | 
           | I also like python for similar reasons.
        
         | LispSporks22 wrote:
         | > if you wanna do Common lisp you have to pay for Lisp Works
         | 
         | Nothing could be further from the truth.
        
         | Jach wrote:
         | Just use SBCL - https://www.sbcl.org/
         | 
         | Pick an editor: https://lispcookbook.github.io/cl-
         | cookbook/editor-support.ht...
         | 
         | Good enough for games (and other commercial offerings) -
         | https://kandria.com/
        
           | clippablematt wrote:
           | I've recently been enjoying using Alive with vscode(and
           | copilot). Everyone suggests emacs+slime but it always felt
           | like too many things to learn at once. Being able to use my
           | usual ide has made it so much more pleasant. Recommend it to
           | newcomers.
           | 
           | https://github.com/nobody-famous/alive
        
           | anthk wrote:
           | >Pick and editor
           | 
           | Well, Emacs, SBCL and SLIME are like bread and butter for
           | obvious reasons.
        
           | mepian wrote:
           | It's definitely good enough for Google: https://lisp-
           | journey.gitlab.io/blog/yes-google-develops-comm...
        
             | dietrichepp wrote:
             | ITA software is an acquisition, and I'm sure most of the
             | Lisp development at Google is just done by engineers
             | tweaking their .emacs files.
             | 
             | The problem of parsing data from airlines is fiendishly
             | hard. There are a ton of different rules for how to
             | calculate prices, and all sorts of deals and promotions
             | that may affect a particular route on a particular day. If
             | you have a system which can parse this data, then you
             | wouldn't want to rewrite it. I've read a number of articles
             | about ITA Software's Lisp code and it's really interesting.
             | 
             | Lisp may be a critical part of ITA's success, but "good
             | enough for Google" is probably the wrong take here--Google,
             | I'm sure, purchased a company to add its working product to
             | their portfolio. I doubt that Google's processes would
             | allow someone to ale a new product in Lisp.
        
               | celaleddin wrote:
               | Can you share some of the articles you mentioned about
               | ITA Software's Lisp code?
        
               | mepian wrote:
               | I meant SBCL specifically, not Common Lisp in general.
               | They could have been using LispWorks or Allegro CL
               | instead, but they aren't.
        
             | danielam wrote:
             | Realistically, "good enough for Google" is probably largely
             | an accident of acquisition. QPX, the low airfare search
             | engine, is not exactly a small piece of software. In c.
             | 2007, it consisted of about 1 million lines of code divided
             | unevenly between Common Lisp and C++, which, by then, had
             | been developed for roughly a decade for the _airline_
             | industry. Rewriting it would have been a non-trivial task.
             | 
             | Furthermore, Carl de Marcken, chief scientist/co-founder of
             | ITA, had chosen Lisp because it was what he was most
             | familiar with. He had told me in 2007 that if he had to
             | choose a language again, he probably would have chosen
             | Java, a choice Google would likely favor over Lisp.
             | 
             | I say this not to disparage Lisp--I enjoy Lisps, and I use
             | Lisp professionally--but to contextualize this particular
             | use of Lisp at Google.
             | 
             | EDIT: Just saw your reply to a sibling comment explaining
             | that you meant SBCL, not Lisp per se.
        
               | mepian wrote:
               | See my other comment in this subthread.
        
       | zaalps wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | User23 wrote:
       | Is there still some kind of revenue stream from Symbolics Lisp or
       | does the owner just want it to die with him?
        
         | lo_zamoyski wrote:
         | Yeah, my thoughts precisely. Genera is obsolete. I cannot
         | imagine what possible profit could be made. There may be value
         | in the design that could be of benefit even today, but I cannot
         | understand people who hoard old IP.
        
           | the-smug-one wrote:
           | My guess is that there are maintenance contracts which can be
           | quite lucrative.
        
             | cmrdporcupine wrote:
             | Still? That would surprise me.
        
               | lallysingh wrote:
               | Someone's in a pickle if they need support. The older the
               | contract, the more it's probably worth.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | solarmist wrote:
         | It's a pain to do the work associated, with no personal upside,
         | so it's probably neglect more than anything.
        
           | speed_spread wrote:
           | Pain? The hardest part is probably finding a five inch floppy
           | drive connected to a machine that can push to GitHub. Even
           | that could be outsourced to some trusted resourceful LISP
           | enthusiast.
        
             | linguae wrote:
             | There's a lot of preparatory and legal work involved in
             | preparing a proprietary software project for release as an
             | open source project. It's not as simple as just pushing the
             | source tree to GitHub and calling it a day. For example, if
             | portions of the code were licensed by other other copyright
             | holders, permission from them is required. There are other
             | cases where the code needs to be examined before release in
             | order to edit or remove materials that are personally
             | identifying, embarrassing, or could cause legal issues if
             | publicly disclosed.
        
               | cmrdporcupine wrote:
               | Then just put up a fundraiser. There's enough nerds that
               | would pitch in I'm sure it could get covered and someone
               | hired to do it.
               | 
               | Though I think it's more than likely that once people had
               | free access to it and saw what modern conveniences were
               | missing etc the mystique would be lost and it would be
               | kept more as an archaeological asset than as an ongoing
               | thing people wanted to maintain and use.
        
               | lispm wrote:
               | > mystique would be lost
               | 
               | People would also discover that the architecture is not
               | simple, but grown over a decade while there was rapid
               | development of the basics people take for granted:
               | standards, languages, networking, operating systems, ...
               | In the mid 80s TCP/IP was an expensive add on for Genera.
               | Later it was made a part of the OS. But development
               | stopped before it could add things like IPv6, Unicode,
               | basic security, HTTPS, and other things.
               | 
               | One could add it, but then one had to learn ZetaLisp
               | (70s/80s), Flavors (early 80s), Symbolics Common Lisp
               | (80s/90s), an object-oriented networking stack
               | architecture from the 80s, ...
               | 
               | You would have a second life in a technology stack
               | somewhere between the past and the future, in a parallel
               | world.
        
               | cmrdporcupine wrote:
               | It makes more sense to me for some group to attempt to
               | replicate the IDE experience in a modern Lisp (or
               | similar) flavour.
               | 
               | Still I also think these kinds of "live editing"
               | environments don't translate well into some modern "best
               | practices" around version control, deployment,
               | versioning, etc. Remembering my experience with LambdaMOO
               | & similar and then later Smalltalk/Squeak and recently
               | with doing stuff with Julia's REPL, etc. They're
               | fascinating and fairly productive, but I am not convinced
               | about this technique's ability to scale.
        
               | lispm wrote:
               | > It makes more sense to me for some group to attempt to
               | replicate the IDE experience in a modern Lisp (or
               | similar) flavour.
               | 
               | It may not have the fancy UI, may not have a fancy user
               | experience, may not be an operating system, may have a
               | more primitive Lisp dialect, may not have a good multi-
               | threading story, ... but it might exist and people put a
               | lot of work into it: GNU Emacs and its extensions.
               | 
               | That's how it is...
        
               | cmrdporcupine wrote:
               | I think half the magic I associate with the Symbolics
               | products is that they also made their own hardware,
               | custom built for Lisp. Which is kinda neat and magical,
               | if entirely impractical.
               | 
               | That plus the lovely keyboards, nice case design, etc.
               | etc.
        
               | lispm wrote:
               | In the early days they had to - all the hardware was non-
               | standard. Where would one get 36 bit memory cards? Where
               | would one get CPUs which had a Lisp-specific instruction
               | set? In those early days the computer (refrigerator size)
               | would sit in a machine room (with enough power) and the
               | user would be in his/her room with only a console (plus
               | maybe a second monitor), keyboard and mouse - connected
               | via a long console cable to the machine in the machine
               | room. That was the experience for the programmer/user.
               | The machine itself could have a lot of peripherals:
               | network, tape drive, memory boards, color boards, frame
               | grabber, disk drives, cpu accelerator, ... the programmer
               | would see the driver code.
               | 
               | At some point in time they produced cards for the SUN
               | VMEBus and for the Mac Nubus. Then the only thing left
               | was the keyboard.
               | 
               | So, I agree, the Lisp Machine concept was a combination
               | of Hard- and Software. The emulators of today only
               | provide some of the software parts...
        
           | BaculumMeumEst wrote:
           | Please. Dude could day "hey I want to open source this,
           | someone do the work for me and show me where to sign" and
           | people would trip over themselves rushing to make it happen.
        
         | nabla9 wrote:
         | In 2021 there was port to Apple M1 MacOS, so it seems like
         | there can be small revenue streams still. Open Portable Genrea
         | runs on 64-bit x86 and Arm.
        
           | lispm wrote:
           | Gary Palter has made it work both on Linux and macOS, both
           | x86-64 and ARM64. He also brought the original Open Genera
           | for DEC Alpha to the same software level.
        
       | gjvc wrote:
       | what is there that was not supplied on the CD-ROMs and tapes they
       | sold?
        
       | effed3 wrote:
       | I look at the interlisp effort, being reworked..
       | 
       | So would be really difficult to setup a public/no-profit
       | startup/company to bring up all the stuff, and coordinate all the
       | people involved? maybe even a new hw can be made again..
       | 
       | Probably the real problems arise from different opinions between
       | owners and former employees about the future and possibilites of
       | the technology?
       | 
       | But this story everytime make me think at the billions of lines
       | of code leaved in the dark (or in the reels of 9inch tapes),
       | representing so many years/man of work, developed and debugged,
       | only to be forget and sometimes reinvented, some better it's
       | progress of course, and may times only worse, reinventing the
       | wheel every time. Even this is a form of waste/pollution?
        
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