[HN Gopher] libjpeg-turbo 3.0 has been released, and why there m...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       libjpeg-turbo 3.0 has been released, and why there may never be a
       3.1
        
       Author : rettichschnidi
       Score  : 167 points
       Date   : 2023-07-03 22:15 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (groups.google.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (groups.google.com)
        
       | turnsout wrote:
       | Sad to see this--libjpeg-turbo is great! I once built it into an
       | iOS project to allow reading & writing of giant JPEGs when the
       | first party API used too much RAM.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | hannob wrote:
       | For a library like libjpeg-turbo, it's probably best that it
       | stays in maintenance mode.
       | 
       | I mean... it's JPG. It's the traditional lossy image format that
       | everyone's been using since forever, and that hasn't received any
       | changes. It also shouldn't receive any changes, as its big
       | advantage is its compatibility. If you want something better,
       | you'd use other formats like avif.
       | 
       | I'm all for paying open source maintainers, and this guy should
       | receive money so he can continue to fix bugs and do other minor
       | maintenance work. But I don't see why there should be new
       | features in the default jpg library.
        
         | regularfry wrote:
         | This isn't the default jpeg library. That's libjpeg. In this
         | case, the `jpeg` bit isn't as interesting as the `-turbo` bit.
         | Keeping up with the fastest way to implement JPEG on new
         | architectures and CPUs is worthwhile.
        
           | st_goliath wrote:
           | Depends on what exactly the two of you mean by "default
           | library". It's a fork of libjpeg alright, but from
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libjpeg#History we _do_ get
           | this:
           | 
           | > In 2019, libjpeg-turbo became the ISO and ITU endorsed
           | reference implementation for the JPEG format. [13]
           | 
           | The paragraph that follows might help to clarify why this
           | happened.
        
             | regularfry wrote:
             | That's entirely fair, but also worth pointing out that
             | (according to the google groups post) libjpeg-turbo doesn't
             | implement all of the standard. To be even more fair, I
             | don't know if libjpeg does either.
        
         | Hello71 wrote:
         | the email lists many reasons to continue libjpeg-turbo
         | development which are still relevant if a new (let's say better
         | for the sake of argument) image standard exists:
         | 
         | > expanding SIMD coverage to new algorithms or instruction sets
         | or CPU architectures, supporting less popular new platforms,
         | improving the APIs, hardening security, improving fuzzer
         | coverage, enhancing the build system, improving automation, etc
        
       | isaacfrond wrote:
       | I'm sorry but I have no sympathy. I turn down real jobs to work
       | on my hobby. Why won't anybody pay me??
       | 
       | What does he expect to happen? I really don't get it. If you like
       | to work on opensource. Sure, do your thing. But if the benefit in
       | CV building and personal satisfaction are not enough, why don't
       | you stop doing it?
        
         | jakkos wrote:
         | This is such a bad take.
         | 
         | Their "hobby" saves huge corporations large amounts of money. I
         | don't understand how it's not obvious that they should chip in
         | comparatively small amounts of money to make sure that the
         | project stays updated and secure.
         | 
         | Why bother funding open source at all, it's not like it's the
         | foundation of the entire worlds infrastructure or anything.
        
           | Aerbil313 wrote:
           | Haha. That's the point. Everything would still work if no
           | open source existed. Tech would just be far more centralized
           | in the hands of a few companies who have all the software
           | libraries. Progress and development of tech would be far
           | slower. But the world would keep turning just fine. Open
           | source exists only because of the programmers' love for
           | programming, desire of attention and the desire to benefit
           | other people's lives. Open source software mostly starts out
           | as a surrogate activity. No company needs to fund individual
           | open source devs. They'll go with whatever at hand, it
           | doesn't matter, sometimes even hiring someone to continue the
           | open source project the original dev abandoned cause lack of
           | funding.
        
         | whizzter wrote:
         | Your real job is made easier by low paid people like him, if
         | not you'd be forced to spend time to (badly) re-implementing
         | the JPEG standard.
         | 
         | Just because "it helps the CV" doesn't mean that's an end goal
         | in itself in the long run, and once a library is popular the
         | implications (security issues!) of non-maintenance is far
         | higher even if it started out as a "fun" project.
         | 
         | This xkcd illustrates it perfectly, https://xkcd.com/2347/
        
           | rob74 wrote:
           | Just wanted to post the same xkcd, then I thought someone
           | already might have, and my suspicion was correct. I guess
           | most here have already seen it at one time or other, but
           | maybe some haven't yet...
        
         | aspyct wrote:
         | Whether you know it or not, you have used libjpeg-turbo. In
         | fact you are probably using it every day, it's just behind the
         | scenes, just like openssl is.
         | 
         | These projects deserve funding, if at least from giants like
         | facebook & co.
        
           | defrost wrote:
           | > These projects deserve funding, if at least from giants
           | like facebook & co.
           | 
           | Absolutely.
           | 
           | Looking at:
           | 
           | https://github.com/libjpeg-turbo/libjpeg-
           | turbo/releases/tag/...
           | 
           | one wonders what possible harm could come from leaving image
           | decompression buffer faults from maliciously crafted jpegs in
           | popular browsers and software unattended.
        
             | winter_blue wrote:
             | > one wonders what possible harm could come from leaving
             | image decompression buffer faults from maliciously crafted
             | jpegs in popular browsers and software unattended
             | 
             | This is yet another reason a switch to a memory-safe
             | language like _unsafe_ -free Rust is highly imperative.
        
               | jeroenhd wrote:
               | While I think the move to safer code through Rust and
               | other alternatives is a nice breath of fresh air, I doubt
               | you can get these kinds of optimization without using
               | unsafe code in Rust. These optimized implementations
               | often require some kind of safety-bypassing memory
               | modifications to work as efficiently ad they do.
               | 
               | There's a reason https://github.com/libjpeg-
               | turbo/libjpeg-turbo/tree/main/sim... is filled with
               | assembly files with conditional loading.
        
               | winter_blue wrote:
               | Oh wow, I didn't realize there were mountains of Assembly
               | in there. If this is the case, I'd say: let's put
               | libraries like this Docker-like containers (in their
               | processes _with their own address space_ ), and use
               | mmap/etc-based highly-efficient IPC to interact with
               | them.
               | 
               | With all the hyper-optimized assembly in there, it's
               | probably still more efficient even with the container
               | penalty (which, tbh, is close to zero on Linux these
               | days).
        
               | bombolo wrote:
               | I'm sure in a couple of years a new category of security
               | bugs that can happily happen in rust will pop up.
        
               | mcherm wrote:
               | ...at which point the code written in C will suffer from
               | BOTH categories of bug, while code written in any
               | language whose compiler guarantees memory safety will
               | not.
               | 
               | Guaranteeing memory safety isn't just an overhyped
               | benefit meaningful only to Rust fanboys. It is also one
               | important reason why much code is written in Java,
               | Python, or JavaScript. It is a valuable property for any
               | language to have.
        
               | bombolo wrote:
               | Rust doesn't guarantee memory safety in general... it is
               | better at it than C for sure, but not impossible to have
               | bugs there too.
               | 
               | The 100% certainty you use to claim it's absolutely
               | memory safe is the essence of the problem with the rust
               | fanboys.
        
               | tialaramex wrote:
               | For this work we don't need a general purpose language
               | like Rust.
               | 
               | WUFFS is a special purpose language for Wrangling
               | Untrusted File Formats Safely:
               | 
               | WUFFS pays a high price (loss of generality) for a
               | valuable reward (compile time assurance of memory safety,
               | very high performance) and it makes no sense for people
               | to hand roll this sort of software in C when they should
               | use WUFFS.
               | 
               | https://github.com/google/wuffs
        
               | winter_blue wrote:
               | Wow, WUFFS is amazing. I wonder if a hypothetical
               | new/future general-purposes language could have a non-
               | Turing-complete subset within it with WUFFS-like
               | guarantees.
        
         | sshine wrote:
         | > What does he expect to happen?
         | 
         | To get paid for doing open source.
         | 
         | This is a plea for increased funding.
         | 
         | You can think of it as a job application being broadcast.
         | 
         | His software is clearly valued, but companies take 3rd-party
         | dependencies for granted because they're just there and can be
         | used for free. There are things a company can do to replenish
         | the ecosystem: Give time or money to maintain projects they
         | depend on.
         | 
         | > if the benefit in CV building and personal satisfaction are
         | not enough, why don't you stop doing it?
         | 
         | I'm afraid you don't understand the basic premise:
         | 
         | He is not (primarily) doing open source to promote his CV.
         | 
         | He is (presumably) doing open source for ideology and
         | lifestyle: because it provides a good work environment where
         | you work on exactly what you want, provides value that scales
         | beyond what a single company can create (but is otherwise
         | somewhat harder to measure), and provides value to the global,
         | general public, which is not something people with day jobs can
         | claim as easily.
        
           | isaacfrond wrote:
           | My brother in law is an artist. He paints beautiful pictures
           | and writes a comic book. His lifestyle choice appears to be
           | fulfilling for him. He also doesn't own a car or a house.
           | Choices have consequences. Different than OP, he doesn't
           | complain about it.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | So your complaint is effectively .. that you have to hear
             | about this?
        
             | thomasz wrote:
             | I don't think that there are companies out there making
             | billions while relying on your brother in laws work without
             | paying him a dime.
        
             | sshine wrote:
             | I have artist friends, some receive private and state
             | grants, others only survive on teaching and selling art.
             | They do sometimes complain about how hard life is without
             | money, but it's a choice.
             | 
             | If an artist said "I'm going to quit art if the world
             | doesn't pay me", surely most people would just say, "good
             | luck with that."
             | 
             | If someone's art piece contained a bug that broke a
             | company's industrial build pipeline, and all funding for
             | improving the art piece was gone the next 15 months, I'm
             | sure that company would consider donating.
             | 
             | There isn't a principal difference between art and software
             | here. It is the nature of companies that rely on open
             | source that is not well understood here, causing criticism
             | and questions.
             | 
             | This is a friendly reminder that anyone interested in a 3.1
             | release in the foreseeable future should cough up. :-)
             | 
             | I really don't see the complaining.
        
             | eviks wrote:
             | why do you complain about someone else complaining?
        
               | bavell wrote:
               | Why do you complain about someone else complaining over
               | someone else's complaints?
        
               | sshine wrote:
               | They're not complaining, they're asking a question.
        
             | scrollaway wrote:
             | Is your brother's art present on billions of machines?
             | 
             | Out of curiosity. You know, apples and oranges.
        
               | sangnoir wrote:
               | > Is your brother's art present on billions of machines?
               | 
               | That alone does not entitle anyone to payment. All you're
               | entitled to - as per license - is to have the license
               | reproduced in full on some "About > Licenses" page.
               | 
               | Anything else is underpants-gnome level of magical
               | thinking:
               | 
               | 1. Author FL/OSS package
               | 
               | 2. Package get wildly popular
               | 
               | 3. ???
               | 
               | 4. Profits
        
             | turmeric_root wrote:
             | i think it'd be cool if you could make art and still own a
             | house
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | stefs wrote:
         | "open source" doesn't automatically mean it's a hobby project
         | done in the free time for no compensation. sure, most projects
         | are developed in this fashion but the concepts are only
         | incidentially correlated.
         | 
         | working on open source software is and can be a "real" job. the
         | only difference to closed source software is that the source
         | code is open - nothing else (simplified).
         | 
         | if you want your hair cut, pay the hairdresser. if you're
         | interested in the continued development of the project, pay the
         | author. it's as simple as that.
         | 
         | in this case there's not enough funding so the project is
         | discontinued. doesn't get more professional and non-hobbyist
         | than that.
        
           | Pannoniae wrote:
           | This would work if the OSI wouldn't vehemently oppose
           | usecase-based restrictions for open source. I think more
           | people should say "it's forbidden to use it for <list things
           | like LLMs, social media, etc.>, if you want to use it, buy a
           | licence from me"
           | 
           | Right now, those corporations just steal the code and sponsor
           | the OSI's gatekeeping.
        
           | mrighele wrote:
           | > working on open source software is and can be a "real" job.
           | the only difference to closed source software is that the
           | source code is open - nothing else (simplified).
           | 
           | That is no small difference. In particular the business is
           | completely different and if you want to make a living out of
           | it, you should plan your job accordingly: find an employer
           | that pays you to write the software, make a business around
           | support for the software, open a twitch/YouTube channel and
           | monetize it, etc., but asking people (or worse corporations)
           | that have the right to use something for free to pay for it
           | doesn't look to me like the best course of action.
           | 
           | > if you want your hair cut, pay the hairdresser. if you're
           | interested in the continued development of the project, pay
           | the author. it's as simple as that.
           | 
           | If you offer to cut the hair for free, you shouldn't complain
           | that rich people don't pay for your services, and the "but
           | everybody comes to me" is not a good enough reason,
           | especially when being free is one of the motivations.
        
             | joshuaissac wrote:
             | > you shouldn't complain that rich people don't pay for
             | your services
             | 
             | You also should not complain when the hairdresser stops
             | offering free haircuts.
        
               | mrighele wrote:
               | Ah yes, but I am not complaining about that, and I can
               | understand that the author doesn't want to work anymore
               | on the project.
               | 
               | What I am complaining about is the assumption that people
               | using open source software have to contribute to the
               | authors, expecially if they have plenty of money. Open
               | source is not about that. If that is the expectation, a
               | different type of license is probably better suited.
        
               | dismantlethesun wrote:
               | To put it in perspective, "we" on HN are like
               | hairdressers who all chose to charge for our services.
               | 
               | So it's less of a complaint and more of well meaning
               | advise that he too should work for pay.
        
         | boudin wrote:
         | So, because it's open source, he can't ask for a salary and do
         | some marketing to get funding? What entitles you to decide that
         | this guy doesn't have the right to try to monetise his project?
        
         | cyco130 wrote:
         | > why don't you stop doing it?
         | 
         | Err, this is him announcing that he's stopping doing it.
        
       | Osiris wrote:
       | The author chose a license. Why not dual license it for
       | commercial use?
        
         | mkl wrote:
         | The author chose a BSD-style license that has no problem with
         | use in proprietary software. It's too late to do something like
         | a dual AGPL and commercial license (unless some amazing new
         | features are added), as it's already in widespread commercial
         | use.
        
           | planede wrote:
           | The author could release new versions with a more restrictive
           | license.
        
             | newaccount74 wrote:
             | The license is probably a reason for its popularity.
        
               | planede wrote:
               | Possibly. Switching to GPL would probably mean that
               | chromium can no longer use it (I think they use it
               | currently, but I'm not 100% sure). Then they could switch
               | to an other permissively licensed jpeg library that is
               | maintained (is there any?), roll their own (probably
               | forking an old version), or persuade the author to
               | consider licensing new versions permissively (hopefully
               | with some money).
        
               | Macha wrote:
               | There is of course the original libjpeg, which libjpeg-
               | turbo forked from back in the 00s, which has had its
               | latest release in 2022.
        
               | sangnoir wrote:
               | I wonder if author has paid a red cent to the maintainers
               | of libjpeg
        
             | mkl wrote:
             | But the existing version under the permissive license
             | already exists, and everyone can keep using it or even fork
             | it. The only way a change to a more restrictive license
             | could work is if there were really compelling features only
             | available in that version.
        
               | planede wrote:
               | Well, the author mostly complains about lack of funding
               | for maintaining the library, making bug fixes and adding
               | new features. So I think that's OK?
        
               | pierat wrote:
               | In the end, it's not the individuals who are greedy to
               | the extreme. Instead, it's the companies that are
               | pathologically greedy to the point of killing off what
               | they need to survive.
               | 
               | These companies could throw $10k or more at their FLOSS
               | constituents to thank them. And more most of the
               | companies we're talking here, is a rounding error of a
               | rounding error. But, most don't cause there is no 'need'
               | to.
               | 
               | Why build a community when you can just use people up?
        
               | worrycue wrote:
               | Tragedy of the commons.
        
               | Dalewyn wrote:
               | An accountant once told me that you don't get paid unless
               | you send out invoices.
               | 
               | Businesses aren't going to pay unless they are mandated
               | to, because why would they otherwise?
        
               | newaccount74 wrote:
               | Even that won't be guaranteed to work. Bash is forever
               | stuck on an ancient version on macOS, because Apple
               | doesn't want to touch GPLv3 code. At some point they
               | switched to zsh for the default shell.
        
               | planede wrote:
               | Works for whom? I don't think the authors of bash care.
        
               | bombolo wrote:
               | That's entirely apple's fault.
        
               | regularfry wrote:
               | The really compelling feature will come along, and it'll
               | be to take advantage of the acceleration capability of a
               | new instruction set or CPU that doesn't exist yet. He
               | could quite happily say "4.0 will be GPL or email-for-
               | commercial-terms" safe in the knowledge that such an
               | update will be needed. Unfortunately it sounds like it's
               | about 5 years too late for him.
        
         | dzogchen wrote:
         | In this case many FOSS projects that depend on it will just not
         | update because of license incompatibility.
        
           | pmontra wrote:
           | LGPL is compatible even closed source. From
           | https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html (and be sure
           | to check the title of the page)
           | 
           | "using the Lesser GPL permits use of the library in
           | proprietary programs"
           | 
           | so it's going to be OK even in BSD and other permissive
           | licenses.
        
       | jart wrote:
       | Software development is the process of pure creation. It
       | shouldn't be debased with the language of resource scarcity. A
       | weekend spent hacking on simd assembly optimizations is not a
       | loss of labor resources. Why write code if not for the pleasure
       | of it? No open source developer should ever apologize to his fans
       | for delaying a release because some Apparatchik at Microsoft
       | refused to sign his binary. Open source is not the service
       | industry for schemers and penny-pinching money men. If you're too
       | nice to those people then you'll just end up as cynical and burnt
       | out as them. DRC should consider backpacking or possibly
       | couchsurfing, then come back to libjpeg-turbo after a year with a
       | clear mind.
        
         | mariusmg wrote:
         | >Why write code if not for the pleasure of it?
         | 
         | Ask a pornstar the same question...but not about code.
        
       | kelnos wrote:
       | I'm torn on this. On one hand I do agree and lament that many
       | foundational open source products are underfunded to the
       | detriment of its users.
       | 
       | But like I say when a for-profit corporation complains and blames
       | outside forces when they have trouble with their finances: it is
       | not our responsibility to make your business model work.
       | 
       | If you want to get paid a certain amount to write software,
       | donations are often not a reliable way to do that. As much as I
       | am an open-source advocate, dual licensing and requiring payments
       | for commercial use seems like a better path to stable income,
       | assuming others believe your software is worth the price.
        
         | armitron wrote:
         | A lot of open source authors know that of course, but still,
         | they choose the begging-for-donations / appeals-to-corporate-
         | funding route once their project becomes popular.
         | 
         | Dual licensing and requiring payments for commercial use comes
         | with risk as companies could flock to alternatives or forks,
         | but at the end of the day, is the better model as it
         | establishes expectations upfront and makes it clear that one
         | fully stands behind one's product.
        
       | pastage wrote:
       | This is part of something we pay 300k per year for, should they
       | sponsor the projects they include in their product?
        
       | mceachen wrote:
       | Solution: ask your company to sponsor the project. It's easy:
       | 
       | https://github.com/sponsors/libjpeg-turbo
       | 
       | Ideally, every developer in every large co would be given some
       | budget to spread sponsorship money around as they saw fit--ask
       | your manager to make it happen. Note that they may be able to
       | register this as a marketing expense, which may be more favorable
       | to your accounting department.
       | 
       | (I use this library in PhotoStructure via Sharp and libvips, so I
       | just started sponsoring it)
        
         | omoikane wrote:
         | Near the end of the linked post:                  How can you
         | help? If every individual developer who used libjpeg-turbo on a
         | regular basis donated just $5-10/month to the project through
         | GitHub Sponsors (https://github.com/sponsors/libjpeg-turbo),
         | we'd have a healthy amount of general funding.
        
         | sersi wrote:
         | I've tried that in the past and had a hard time doing so. I
         | managed to get the company to sponsor projects like sidekiq
         | because there were some benefits in doing so (even if we
         | actually never used the enterprise benefits) but I haven't been
         | able to convince them to donate any money. They'd just tell me
         | that they don't see any benefits in doing so.
         | 
         | I end up donating with my own money to opensource projects I
         | value but I don't have enough money to properly fund all
         | projects I would like.
        
         | zdragnar wrote:
         | > Ideally, every developer in every large co would be given
         | some budget to spread sponsorship money around as they saw fit
         | 
         | If I'm not mistaken, there is a _ton_ of overhead ensuring that
         | the money doesn 't directly benefit any of the employees
         | themselves. There are all sorts of regulations around how
         | things like gifts and donations are accounted for, taxed and so
         | forth. Then, you also wade into territory of graft, bribes and
         | so on (employees of company A funneling money into open source
         | project B, which is worked on by employees of potential
         | customer C).
        
       | DannyBee wrote:
       | I guess I'll be contrarian.
       | 
       | Being a commercial product is hard. Having customers, supporting
       | them, etc is very hard. Most can't sustain themselves either.
       | Especially when competing with open source.
       | 
       | Every time I read about "criminal underfunding" of open source,
       | it comes off as people wanting to be able to capture some of the
       | value of being commercial without _any_ of the cost. Being open
       | source means more people use your software. But they owe you
       | nothing at all for that. Enough value to pay themselves to work
       | on it is not a small amount of value, and most commercial
       | software doesn 't make it there either.
       | 
       | If you want people to pay then be paid software. Otherwise you
       | often just want a contract with terms nobody wants to pay you
       | for. There is nothing abnormal about that, and it's certainly not
       | "criminal underfunding".
       | 
       | I'm sorry it's not as easy as people want it to be, but it never
       | was - this isn't new, and it not likely to be anytime soon.
       | 
       | The main difference now seems to be how many more people feel
       | their users should have greater responsibility than they require
       | of them. That's one of the things that often makes your product
       | popular though.
        
         | littlestymaar wrote:
         | This comment is really lacking some nuance:
         | 
         | - of course, building a successful commercial software
         | (company) is a lot of work
         | 
         | - but if you manage to create a commercial software that reach
         | even _a fraction_ of libjpeg-turbo 's success, you'd get very
         | rich, with lots and lots of zeros on your bank account, and a
         | family free from material problems for decades to come.
         | 
         | - nobody, including the author, claim that he should be rich.
         | We just think that it's a pity that he's not able to make
         | decent money, despite creating tremendous value to very
         | profitable companies (and making an much easier job to
         | thousands of developers far less skilled than he is, while
         | still making multiple times his paycheck).
        
           | fluoridation wrote:
           | >but if you manage to create a commercial software that reach
           | even a fraction of libjpeg-turbo's success, you'd get very
           | rich, with lots and lots of zeros on your bank account, and a
           | family free from material problems for decades to come.
           | 
           | This is a non sequitur, given that libjpeg-turbo has reached
           | libjpeg-turbo's success and its author is not several times
           | very rich. It is unfortunately very possible to create a
           | product that's very popular and that takes a lot of effort to
           | work on, but which most people are not willing to spend any
           | money on.
        
             | littlestymaar wrote:
             | > This is a non sequitur, given that libjpeg-turbo has
             | reached libjpeg-turbo's success and its author is not
             | several times very rich.
             | 
             | I'm afraid you must suffer from some reading impairment, as
             | I explicitly said this (now with the emphasis added):
             | 
             | > if you manage to create a _commercial software_ that
             | reach even a fraction of libjpeg-turbo 's success.
        
         | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
         | This is a good discussion.
         | 
         | In my own case, I write _every_ one of my projects as if it
         | were supported, released, commercial software. I wrote
         | shipping, commercial software for my entire career, and got in
         | the habit. It isn't that much fun. _Lots_ of boring bits, in
         | writing high-Quality, release-grade, software.
         | 
         | That said, thank Cthulhu that I don't depend on it for a
         | living.
         | 
         | I'm pretty much my only customer. I write software that _I_
         | want, and use it in almost everything I write. I also archive
         | projects and apps that I am no longer actively supporting.
         | 
         | I don't really care whether or not anyone else uses it. In
         | fact, the fewer, the better.
        
         | altairprime wrote:
         | This is the whole point of modern open source: to be able to
         | exploit others for their works, without them having any
         | recourse for compensation or entanglement when you make lots of
         | money derived from their labor. It's a technologist's
         | libertarian dream come true. It's also a primary cause of
         | burnout in open source developers -- but that doesn't matter,
         | because there will always be more open source developers to
         | exploit, so long as they believe in open source strongly
         | enough.
        
           | whateveracct wrote:
           | I think the idea of an open source developer as a career and
           | lifestyle is the issue here.
        
             | altairprime wrote:
             | I think the idea that creators should not get paid is the
             | issue here. It's much more generic than open source.
             | Another example of the same issue is how creators receive
             | nothing for exploitation of their works by VC-funded AI
             | companies. In both cases, the same imbalance between
             | creators (who get nothing) and exploiters (who get billions
             | of dollars of revenue) exists.
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | I don't think that's the issue at hand here. If you give
               | away your work for free, then you shouldn't expect others
               | to pay for it. Depending on the charity of others isn't a
               | great business model.
               | 
               | Projects and organizations that do get a large portion of
               | their funding from donations usually need to spend a lot
               | of time marketing and evangelizing to get those
               | donations. A solo open source developer probably doesn't
               | have the time to do that, plus write the software itself.
        
               | whateveracct wrote:
               | Also these creators chose to release their work under an
               | open source license. On them completely.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | Whether someone _should_ get paid is based on how much
               | value their work has, not the price. Open source sets the
               | price.
               | 
               | It can be "on them" and also bad that it works this way.
        
               | fluoridation wrote:
               | No, that's nonsense. The point of a price is to set
               | expectations with regards to the obligations of both
               | parties to avoid arguments after a transaction is
               | complete. You say "give me $X and I'll give you this
               | thing" and I can accept it, negotiate, or reject it. We
               | both understand that this is a commercial transaction,
               | that I'm supposed to give you money when you give me the
               | thing, and that if I run into problems that you're
               | supposed to give me support.
               | 
               | If you just give me something without setting a price
               | then it's not a commercial transaction and I don't have
               | an obligation to pay nor do you have an obligation to
               | support the good or service you sold to me. Or do you
               | believe that every time someone gave you a present
               | actually you were supposed to pay the gift-giver based on
               | the value of the present?
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | It's not an obligation on any person in particular, but
               | someone that gives lots of genuinely useful gifts
               | _should_ get gifts back. Is that a controversial take?
               | 
               | Though when you mention support, that's one route to
               | improving the situation. It seems like most companies are
               | unwilling to buy pure support, even though most of what
               | they actually want is support. If paying for pure support
               | was more normalized it would be very helpful to open
               | source.
        
               | fluoridation wrote:
               | You're not talking about gifts, you're talking about a
               | gift economy. If we lived in a pre-monetary society, we
               | could use loose accounting to keep track of debts. I get
               | fish from the fisherman, and in exchange I help fix his
               | boat when needed. The village doctor heals everyone, and
               | in exchange he gets stuff he needs from everyone. Someone
               | can slack for a bit, but they do it for too long they'll
               | accrue too high a debt and people will no longer give
               | them things.
               | 
               | Well, we don't live in a pre-monetary society and we
               | don't use loose accounting, except with people we're
               | close with and who we can trust.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | I'm saying they deserve value back even outside of a gift
               | economy.
               | 
               | In a monetary economy, contracts don't fit every
               | situation, and someone deciding they don't want to _make_
               | people pay for valuable code shouldn 't ruin their
               | ability to use that code as a "day job". We need to
               | figure out better methods to reward useful work, as a
               | society.
        
               | whateveracct wrote:
               | They could just not do it. Spend your time more wisely.
               | If you git commit, you've lost your leverage. Don't go
               | write a labor politics blog post about how you're
               | enslaved for writing C for free.
        
               | altairprime wrote:
               | Open source _is_ labor politics. Copyleft is shorthand
               | for "I labor to create this work for the commons, and all
               | who modify my work must adhere to my labor politics by
               | sharing their modifications with the commons." It's
               | designed specifically to counteract commercial
               | exploitation of labor while denying the commons their
               | modified works. Without labor politics, there would be no
               | GPL, no AGPL, no Sharealike.
               | 
               | (Ironically, my single sentence license above would be
               | more likely to win a court challenge than the GPL/AGPL,
               | while also being more resilient to new methodologies and
               | less vulnerable to loopholes; however, it's incompatible
               | with the "legal contracts should not depend on human
               | judgment calls" viewpoint that's popular in technical
               | circles.
        
         | NovaDudely wrote:
         | As a big Free/Libre software guy... yeah, I agree. Wish it
         | wasn't that way but that is just how it can be.
        
         | ThenAsNow wrote:
         | > If you want people to pay then be paid software.
         | 
         | It seems like source available type licenses ( _e.g._ , Kyle
         | Mitchell's Big Time license: https://bigtimelicense.com/ ) are
         | a reasonable middle ground for being paid software without
         | giving up many of the benefits of open source.
         | 
         | I'm hoping there's a notable uptick in adoption of licenses
         | like these.
        
           | josephcsible wrote:
           | They're not reasonable at all. They deceive users and leach
           | off of the good name of open source while preventing any
           | actual open source projects from incorporating any of their
           | code. I'm hoping there's a notable drop in adoption of
           | licenses like them.
        
             | Schnitz wrote:
             | They are very reasonable and they solve a real problem. A
             | big corp won't use a library from a tiny 1-5 person shop if
             | when they get acquired or go under the library dies and all
             | they ever got was binaries. A source available license
             | solves this because the big corp knows they can maintain
             | the library themselves in that case.
        
               | josephcsible wrote:
               | Doesn't real Open Source solve that problem just as well?
        
             | Someone wrote:
             | >> It seems like source available type licenses (e.g., Kyle
             | Mitchell's Big Time license: https://bigtimelicense.com/ )
             | are a reasonable middle ground for being paid software
             | without giving up many of the benefits of open source
             | 
             | > They're not reasonable at all. They deceive users and
             | leach off of the good name of open source
             | 
             | I disagree. Source available licenses are reasonable, but
             | not "a middle ground for being paid software without giving
             | up many of the benefits of open source".
             | 
             | Reading the https://bigtimelicense.com/ and
             | https://bigtimelicense.com/versions/2.0.1, though, I don't
             | think that's a source available license. It doesn't mention
             | source code at all.
             | 
             | It's a license that allows small entities to use a binary
             | for free, and promises larger companies to give "fair,
             | reasonable and nondiscriminatory terms" (I guess that's in
             | the license to 'guarantee' smaller companies they will be
             | able to get such a license and that they will be able to
             | afford it. IANAL, but I think the "nondiscriminatory"
             | guarantees the former, but "fair and reasonable" doesn't
             | fully guarantee the latter)
             | 
             | "Source available" is more or less the reverse: it
             | guarantees you can view the source, but doesn't necessarily
             | give you the right to modify or even compile it
             | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source-available_software)
        
               | ThenAsNow wrote:
               | We probably need better, consistent terminology for
               | different types of "not all the freedoms of open source
               | but not proprietary secret source either", the way "open
               | source" means something very specific.
               | 
               | The Wikipedia page you cited opens with "Source-available
               | software is software released through a source code
               | distribution model that includes arrangements where the
               | source can be viewed, and in some cases modified, but
               | without necessarily meeting the criteria to be called
               | open-source."
               | 
               | So by this definition, "source available" is a superset
               | of FOSS, but not specific enough to imply what the user
               | can and can't do with the source code. It makes sense to
               | name classes of license within the "source available"
               | umbrella that spell out what freedoms are
               | restricted/preserved.
               | 
               | The Big Time license is not specific as to whether the
               | covered software is provided in source or binary form,
               | and is easily applied to source code distributions.
               | Probably the reason I associated this license with
               | "source available" is the primary license author is a
               | prominent U.S. lawyer involved with open source and I'm
               | pretty confident it is written to be applicable to source
               | code even if it is not explicit about it. Similarly, the
               | BSD license doesn't require that the license be attached
               | to source code - one could release binary-only software
               | under the BSD license.
        
             | ThenAsNow wrote:
             | > They deceive users and leach off of the good name of open
             | source
             | 
             | How do they do that if they don't call themselves open
             | source (or "Open Source (TM)" if you prefer) in the first
             | place?
             | 
             | Regardless, something needs to be done about the
             | sustainability gap in open source other than writing
             | messages like what's linked. The inability of your project
             | to incorporate someone else's code shouldn't consign the
             | rest of us to not have the benefits of access to that
             | someone else's code outside of a proprietary binary.
        
               | josephcsible wrote:
               | > How do they do that if they don't call themselves open
               | source (or "Open Source (TM)" if you prefer) in the first
               | place?
               | 
               | First of all, some of them DO call themselves that even
               | though they unambiguously aren't. And even for the ones
               | that don't, they usually try to sound as similar as
               | possible to it and downplay the differences.
               | 
               | > Regardless, something needs to be done about the
               | sustainability gap in open source other than writing
               | messages like what's linked.
               | 
               | That feels like the politician's fallacy. We need to do
               | something, and switching to fauxpen source is something,
               | but that doesn't mean we need to switch to fauxpen
               | source.
               | 
               | > The inability of your project to incorporate someone
               | else's code shouldn't consign the rest of us to not have
               | the benefits of access to that someone else's code
               | outside of a proprietary binary.
               | 
               | It's not just one project that can't. If a given bit of
               | code isn't open source, then _NO_ open source projects
               | can incorporate it.
        
               | ThenAsNow wrote:
               | > First of all, some of them DO call themselves that even
               | though they unambiguously aren't. And even for the ones
               | that don't, they usually try to sound as similar as
               | possible to it and downplay the differences.
               | 
               | There was understandably uproar about things like the
               | "Commons Clause" and similar attempts to retrofit
               | obligations to pay onto open source licenses. I have no
               | disagreement with rejecting these as misrepresentations
               | of open source. But if no such misrepresentation takes
               | place, this line of objection is bogus. I gave an example
               | of one license that does not misrepresent itself in such
               | a way. I'm sure there are others and if not, attempts
               | should perhaps be made to develop others, just as we have
               | multiple open source licenses available.
               | 
               | >> Regardless, something needs to be done about the
               | sustainability gap in open source other than writing
               | messages like what's linked.
               | 
               | > That feels like the politician's fallacy. We need to do
               | something, and switching to fauxpen source is something,
               | but that doesn't mean we need to switch to fauxpen
               | source.
               | 
               | I regret my phrasing, "something needs to be done," which
               | does indeed sound like a politician. So let me rephrase.
               | There is an axis, with proprietary secret source code and
               | FOSS anchoring the ends. This axis is a good proxy for
               | monetizability, but the axis itself is about freedom.
               | With secret source, no user gets any benefit from the
               | source. Source available, is, to me, a genuinely
               | constructive attempt to address the need for developers
               | to be compensated, while still giving users many of the
               | benefits of access to the source.
               | 
               | I don't think source available is going to be something
               | we "switch to" so much as, if some developers need income
               | from the code they put out there, this is a far more
               | user-centric option than telling everyone to download
               | binaries for platforms they may or may not use and submit
               | themselves to intrusive license checks. If you want to
               | get a job at a RedHat or Collabora or try to have your
               | employer cover your open source time instead, more power
               | to you, source available certainly doesn't stand in the
               | way of that.
               | 
               | > It's not just one project that can't. If a given bit of
               | code isn't open source, then NO open source projects can
               | incorporate it.
               | 
               | Open source projects have no hope of incorporating secret
               | source software either. At least with source available,
               | users can look at the code, make changes, build it
               | themselves, and if they fit whatever "gratis" criteria
               | are a part of the license, they don't have to pay either.
        
       | stuaxo wrote:
       | This is the sort of thing Google could just chuck a chunk of
       | money at, it would be less than a rounding error to them.
        
         | jsnell wrote:
         | Google is one of the three companies explicitly listed in the
         | message as sponsoring the general fund of this library. What
         | did it get them? Just people like you complaining that they
         | aren't donating more.
         | 
         | Why not at least complain about the large tech companies that
         | aren't sponsoring at all, or only sponsoring specific project
         | work?
         | 
         | [0] From https://libjpeg-turbo.org/About/Sponsors it looks like
         | a bunch of companies have sponsored specific projects, but from
         | the message it sounds like these projects have been basically
         | underbid by the library maintainer, and that's been part of the
         | problem.
        
         | eyelidlessness wrote:
         | Not to leap at defending Google or any other disproportionate
         | OSS consumer, but the moment you apply this logic
         | _consistently_ , those costs add up to > revenue in most
         | scenarios I could imagine. There is a way to make it
         | sustainable, but it's not likely to be a voluntary action by
         | any individual actor.
        
       | mnau wrote:
       | Open source developers are not being paid. They published under
       | licenses that allow zero cost and businesses won't pay.
       | 
       | If you want to write open source code for living, you have to
       | find a business model that works. In this case, it is even under
       | permissive license.
       | 
       | * code freeze - code is under open source license only a certain
       | time after commit/release. Maybe add "support", aka you get
       | security fixes in timely manner.
       | 
       | * open core - put some features behind commericial door.
       | 
       | * go ImageSharp way of split license. That one is fun, because MS
       | deprecated/killed (throws exceptions on attempt to use) official
       | image/font library and that was was intended replacement. Rather
       | blatant offloading of costs.
       | 
       | This has been rehashed several time (core-js recently
       | https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/blob/master/docs/2023-02...).
       | 
       | The gist of it is: Companies are not going to pay if they don't
       | have to. That is the reality and it's not going to change. Plan
       | accordingly.
        
         | orf wrote:
         | It's not just companies though, it's people. Lower costs win,
         | factoring in quality which is just another way of saying "how
         | many replacements of this cheap thing do I need before it's
         | with buying this expensive thing".
        
         | Kwpolska wrote:
         | Or get a job and do open source software in your free time/not
         | at all.
        
       | antiloper wrote:
       | This entire comment thread is missing the point.
       | 
       | By releasing this library at no charge, the author is valuing his
       | software at zero dollars. Downstream users accept his offer.
       | 
       | There is no story here.
        
         | jancsika wrote:
         | > There is no story here.
         | 
         | If funding suddenly materializes for this developer as a result
         | of this email, will you search for a bug in your worldview?
        
         | jgeada wrote:
         | Tragedy of the commons.
         | 
         | There is no stigma to being a parasite so that's what people
         | do, with justifications as above. Just because it isn't legally
         | required doesn't mean it is ethical to not do it.
        
           | sangnoir wrote:
           | Dung[1] beetles are not parasites - they simply take what is
           | given freely, and without cost or injury to the producer. If
           | an animal attempted to get beetles to pay for dung, it may
           | run into competitive challenges.
           | 
           | 1. Not a commentary on the quality if F/OSS, which I love.
        
           | antiloper wrote:
           | It's not being a parasite if the author _willingly chooses_
           | to give his work away for free. It is also not the tragedy of
           | the commons, since the tragedy of the commons refers to
           | consuming a finite resource. A software library is not a
           | finite resource since it can be copied indefinitely.
           | 
           | This is the author choosing to work for free (which is fine),
           | wanting to get paid (which is fine, and I do suggest he does
           | charge for his software), and this thread making up an
           | alleged ethical obligation to pay for something which has a
           | price tag of zero.
        
         | isaacfrond wrote:
         | Exactly, my point.
        
       | Traubenfuchs wrote:
       | Open source is EXTREMELY HARMFUL to the non-
       | owning/entrepreneuring class: Big business can built their
       | billion dollar companies on open source, while the developers
       | lose out: Without open source, companies would have to hire more
       | devs to implement solutions, or they would have to pay external
       | devs money for their solutions. This would also foster
       | competition between different solution offerings.
       | 
       | It's very unfortunate that software engineers, especially the
       | good ones able to create libraries used by pretty much everyone,
       | seem to lack the drive to monetize their work and instead accept
       | payment through GitHub stars, likes and prayers.
        
         | djrobstep wrote:
         | Strongly agree with your first part, but with the second part,
         | it's not always a lack of drive. I have a ~3k stars github
         | project, and tried fairly hard to monetize it (even took VC
         | money at one point), but without any success.
         | 
         | I realized that monetizing is mostly about selling, which I'm
         | simply not good at (probably because I hate it). Telling open
         | source developers to simply get more hustle isn't really a
         | solution.
         | 
         | A big open source project isn't even good for your career. In
         | my experience, recruiters don't care at all.
        
         | davty wrote:
         | I feel like the type of license does matter, consider the case
         | if most open source as AGPL instead of MIT for example?
        
         | q87b wrote:
         | Is this sarcasm?
        
           | tecleandor wrote:
           | It's weird. Without Open Source, I don't know how small
           | companies could compete against, I don't know... Oracle, for
           | example.
        
         | WJW wrote:
         | What a peculiar comment on this article in particular. The
         | author mentions right in the article that they run several open
         | source project as a business venture, placing them squarely in
         | the entrepreneuring class. It's just that libjpeg-turbo doesn't
         | seem to be very successful from a monetization standpoint.
         | 
         | > It's very unfortunate that software engineers, especially the
         | good ones able to create libraries used by pretty much
         | everyone, seem to lack the drive to monetize their work
         | 
         | It seems quite obvious to me that most open source libraries
         | are used by pretty much everyone _because_ they are free to
         | use. Personal projects rapidly become unfeasibly expensive if
         | you need to pay even just a few bucks for 30-50 dependencies
         | each, and businesses have procurement procedures around
         | purchases that tremendously inflate the real cost of purchasing
         | something.  "Free" is the only price at which such friction is
         | avoided, and so is the only price at which software spreads to
         | large amounts of users.
        
         | msla wrote:
         | That's why we have the Copyleft licenses like the GPL, which
         | are also Open Source.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | You're looking at open source from the production side, but
         | have you thought about the consumption side? I'm old enough to
         | remember when Sun Microsystems expected you to pay for a C
         | compiler.
         | 
         | Imagine trying to write Javascript when every package you
         | import incurs a license fee.
         | 
         | > This would also foster competition between different solution
         | offerings
         | 
         | In practice, it seems not to work out that way: the nadir was
         | probably the early 90s, when Microsoft had killed off all the
         | competing PC operating systems and Jobs had yet to return to
         | Apple.
        
         | demindiro wrote:
         | In my opinion, excess greed is far more harmful.
         | 
         | I am very glad I get to use open-source software at no cost.
         | There are profiteers, sure, but I believe in the end open-
         | source software will be more beneficial for society as a whole
         | as it is much easier to reuse code.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | tuyiown wrote:
         | It's pretty simple. Developing and sharing open source work is
         | paid hobby at best. There is almost no other rewards, even to
         | try improving one's employability is hazardous at best. Always
         | have, always is. This a cause a lot of frustration to people
         | that expected anything else, but it's true to most non-
         | economically motivated work.
         | 
         | It's done, or should be done, by people that want to build
         | things they like and share it. Any other use is just some kind
         | of hidden or not so welcome motive, and seen for what it is.
         | Billion dollars companies or not.
        
         | meindnoch wrote:
         | This is why we have AGPL. The testament for its effectiveness
         | is the visceral revulsion it evokes from "entrepreneur" types.
        
           | PathfinderBot wrote:
           | > The testament for its effectiveness is the visceral
           | revulsion it evokes from "entrepreneur" types.
           | 
           | Exactly. It is interesting to me that GP uses the word "open
           | source" while entirely missing the point of free software
           | [1], and how copyleft licenses were designed to resist
           | corporations taking from the commons without contributing
           | back from the start.
           | 
           | > "Free" and "open" are rivals for mindshare. Free software
           | and open source are different ideas but, in most people's way
           | of looking at software, they compete for the same conceptual
           | slot. When people become habituated to saying and thinking
           | "open source," that is an obstacle to their grasping the free
           | software movement's philosophy and thinking about it. If they
           | have already come to associate us and our software with the
           | word "open," we may need to shock them intellectually before
           | they recognize that we stand for something else. Any activity
           | that promotes the word "open" tends to extend the curtain
           | that hides the ideas of the free software movement.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-
           | point....
        
         | Guid_NewGuid wrote:
         | This is confusing to me.
         | 
         | Rather than one or two good, open, reference implementations
         | everyone uses you'd rather have multiple proprietary solutions?
         | That seems worse for people who want to learn from a commons of
         | knowledge and hugely inefficient and a waste of time.
         | 
         | I can see an argument for copyleft style licenses for this
         | stuff (though I fundamentally disagree with them, freedom based
         | on copyright that requires police and courts to enforce isn't
         | free) but you appear to be arguing for completely closed
         | solutions, though I assume I'm misunderstanding?
        
         | tpush wrote:
         | Monetization of open source only really works if
         | 
         | a) the non-commercial usage is restricted, so there's a reason
         | to buy a commercial license, and
         | 
         | b) The copyright is assigned to a singular person or entity so
         | there's no confusion as the recipient of money.
         | 
         | Sadly both of these things conflict with Open Source either
         | definitionally ("no restrictions on use") or in spirit ("single
         | copyright holder/CLA means no or an exploited community").
        
       | planede wrote:
       | There are probably a ton of projects that depend on libjpeg-
       | turbo, but the first thing that comes to mind are browser
       | vendors. It's probably fair to say that most jpegs are viewed in
       | web browsers. They should really just chip in, or even formally
       | employ the author to just continue working on this library.
        
         | st_goliath wrote:
         | FWIW, Mozilla has been maintaining their own fork for quite a
         | while now[1]
         | 
         | But AFAIK most Linux Distros have been using libjpeg-turbo as a
         | drop-in replacement for libjpeg, after some drama in ~2010
         | where libjpeg came under new management, decided to break
         | ABI/API several times over and add incompatible, non-standard
         | format extensions[2].
         | 
         | [1] https://github.com/mozilla/mozjpeg
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libjpeg#History
        
           | muizelaar wrote:
           | Firefox doesn't use mozjpeg, it just uses libjpeg-turbo:
           | https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/source/media/libjpeg
           | 
           | Mozilla has sponsored libjpeg-turbo in the past:
           | https://libjpeg-turbo.org/About/Sponsors
        
           | iggldiggl wrote:
           | > add incompatible, non-standard format extensions
           | 
           | and change the down-/upsampling algorithm for images with
           | chroma subsampling such that it tends to introduce additional
           | artefacts, because when decoding e.g. a classic 4:2:0
           | subsampled image (i.e. chroma resolution is half the luma
           | resolution both horizontally and vertically), each subsampled
           | 8x8 chroma block is now upscaled _individually_ to 16x16 for
           | the final image, which can and does introduce additional
           | artefacts at the boundaries between each 16x16 px block in
           | the final image. But the current libjpeg maintainer insists
           | on that new algorithm because it is mathematically more
           | beauftiful...
        
             | phkahler wrote:
             | >> But the current libjpeg maintainer insists on that new
             | algorithm because it is mathematically more beauftiful...
             | 
             | Ugh. That always has to take a backseat to functionality
             | and usefulness. Well, if you want to serve users and not
             | just yourself.
             | 
             | I'm still in the thinking phase of a major rewrite of a big
             | piece of code that will make it bug-free, but it will
             | likely be very ugly due to a large number of
             | cases/variations to handle. I'll spend a little more time
             | looking for an elegant simplification, but it has to be
             | done one way or the other to fix the ecisting bugs.
        
           | planede wrote:
           | Interesting, however I found this in the mozjpeg readme:
           | 
           | > MozJPEG is a patch for libjpeg-turbo. Please send pull
           | requests to libjpeg-turbo if the changes aren't specific to
           | newly-added MozJPEG-only compression code. This project aims
           | to keep differences with libjpeg-turbo minimal, so whenever
           | possible, improvements and bug fixes should go there first.
           | 
           | So they still rely on upstream development of libjpeg-turbo.
           | Unless the readme is out of date and they don't bother
           | syncing with libjpeg-turbo now.
        
             | bscphil wrote:
             | Right, it's not a proper fork. It's actually just a static
             | set of patches that improve the compression ratio in
             | libjpeg-turbo but can't be upstreamed, for reasons.
        
         | dzogchen wrote:
         | Although MapLibre Native is primarily a vector-tile based maps
         | renderer, we also support raster images and we depend on
         | libjpeg-turbo for it.
        
       | jacknews wrote:
       | meanwhile a hedge-fund manager somewhere probably just paid
       | themselves 10s of millions for having some sneaky
       | trading/M&A/roll-up idea and executing it.
        
         | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
         | What does that have to do with this?
        
       | transfire wrote:
       | Would it help if ISPs levied a small "tax" which would get
       | distributed to visited/liked sites?
        
         | mkl wrote:
         | No, because the sites would have no obligation to pass it on to
         | people like the author of libjpeg-turbo whose work they use.
        
           | Someone wrote:
           | Indeed. For evidence as to how 'well' that would work, look
           | at the music industry.
           | 
           | I don't think software is different enough from music to make
           | a difference.
        
       | AndyMcConachie wrote:
       | The solution is probably to do what academics do. Write grant
       | proposals.
       | 
       | https://nlnet.nl/news/2023/20230401-call.html
       | 
       | If you want to write OSS for a living get good at writing grant
       | proposals. There's money out there, but you have to know where it
       | is and you have to ask for it.
        
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