[HN Gopher] Shifting views about psychedelic drugs require a new...
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       Shifting views about psychedelic drugs require a new category for
       them
        
       Author : benbreen
       Score  : 175 points
       Date   : 2023-06-29 17:54 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.washingtonpost.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.washingtonpost.com)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | andy_ppp wrote:
       | My friend summed it up perfectly - "not exactly what you would
       | call recreational is it?". At some dose psychedelics reveal a
       | huge amount of why we are the way we are to ourselves and give us
       | more powers to change our reality than we had before. But with
       | great power... people who see reality as very fixed or
       | particularly have very black and white moral codes probably
       | shouldn't try them.
        
         | 18pfsmt wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | dtgriscom wrote:
           | What are you trying to say? Who is "someone"?
           | 
           | You complain about "this website" while bringing in an
           | irrelevant political argument. Much heat, no light. Who's the
           | problem here?
        
             | flangola7 wrote:
             | This user was defending the Capitol insurrection 2 years
             | ago with conspiracy theories. Treat everything they say as
             | extremely untrustworthy.
        
               | mistermann wrote:
               | Setting the discussion of this topic without everyone
               | losing their minds as a goal to be achieved via the
               | intentional use of psychedelics seems like a fun and
               | interesting idea for all the people in this thread who
               | perceive themselves as wanting to "change the world".
               | 
               | Before you can run, you must first learn how to walk.
        
       | TaylorAlexander wrote:
       | About two months ago I was at a festival with friends and a I had
       | a psychedelic experience. What's funny is earlier that day I had
       | just told my friends "I know this sounds boring but I don't like
       | dancing that much." Then while I was tripping I found that I was
       | really enjoying the dancing. I felt like I was tapping in to a
       | part of myself that had been dormant for a long time. I felt
       | really confident and cool and sexy dancing to the music, and had
       | a wonderful time. The thing about this is that in the subsequent
       | weeks and to this day the confidence is still here. I have come
       | to realize that the pandemic messed me up in ways that I hadn't
       | even realized! I'm pretty in touch with myself - I go to therapy
       | once a week but I'm usually talking about work and relationships.
       | Dating in particular felt hard and I didn't know why, but since
       | rediscovering my confidence dating has been going very well for
       | me. Now when I talk to people I like I'm finding them asking me
       | for my number or asking me out. I had a cute friend I've been
       | crushing on for a while nervously ask me for a kiss!
       | 
       | The point is that there are parts of us that are nearly
       | accessible but our brain pathways need a little temporary
       | loosening to strengthen some of those pathways, and psychedelics
       | can do just that. They're no panacea and it takes some experience
       | to really gain the desired effects. But they can also just be
       | enjoyable and they're generally harmless, and it's such a shame
       | that they're so stigmatized. I live in Oakland where they have
       | decriminalized mushrooms and I'd like to see more
       | decriminalization and ultimately legalization of mushrooms, LSD,
       | and more.
       | 
       | I have a friend who has been doing legal ketamine therapy under
       | the care of their therapist and it has helped them realize the
       | ways in which they had been hanging on to old relationships which
       | were holding them back. They're finding out how to advocate for
       | their own needs and they're much happier for it.
       | 
       | We've got a crisis of unhappiness in this country and psychedelic
       | therapies are absolutely a powerful tool we could use to help
       | people find themselves.
       | 
       | Though I should say, probably because I just listened to a bunch
       | of Noam Chomsky last night, that allowing broad swaths of the
       | population to become more deeply in touch with their core needs
       | threatens the status quo and current power dynamics. Honestly tho
       | the structures of power are so solidified I'm not sure there's
       | really much actual risk to them from drug legalization.
        
         | ernst_klim wrote:
         | I don't think there's any kind of global anti-drug conspiracy.
         | 
         | Anti-drug fear mongering is a byproduct of few factors:
         | ignorance (people confuse crack, LSD and say MDMA, labeling
         | everything as drug), valid fears (LSD was legal while being
         | underresearched and that lead to few terrible events), self-
         | propelled drugwar cycle (drugs caused wave of fear, became a
         | good target for politicians, that caused even more fear
         | mongering and the cycle is closed), and valid historical
         | concerns (many drugs are very bad and caused pretty terrible
         | historical precedents like opium abuse in China).
         | 
         | People are getting more educated on drugs these days, and more
         | questions arise in the society regarding if certain kinds of
         | drugs like LSD should be more available. Though it would be a
         | long road.
        
           | standardUser wrote:
           | It's not a conspiracy, it's a well-documented effort by the
           | US and other powerful nations to extort every corner of the
           | planet to adopting harsh, unscientific, liberty-obliterating
           | laws against drugs (except the state-sanctioned ones of
           | course!) that has been going on for about a 100 years. Cracks
           | are beginning to show (see Portugal, Uruguay and others), but
           | that is still the global system we live under thanks to
           | various UN conventions pushed by the US and the national-
           | level laws that adhere to those conventions.
        
         | napsec wrote:
         | I've always been a very verbal person but the first time I
         | tried mushrooms I found I wasn't able to describe my experience
         | in words and I really wanted to draw it. Up until that point in
         | my life I had thought of words as being the de facto correct
         | way to convey thoughts, but that experience really made me
         | understand that words were just my way of conveying thoughts,
         | and there really isn't a correct one. It was absolutely a
         | transformative experience for me and made me appreciate art,
         | all forms of it, in a deeper way.
         | 
         | Interestingly enough though that first experience with
         | psychedelics was the only one I actually found transformative.
         | I did mushrooms maybe half a dozen more times afterwards and
         | experimented with a few other drugs including LSD and MDMA and
         | I never really felt like any of those trips gave me any deeper
         | insights or changed the way I viewed things.
        
         | newacct3 wrote:
         | It sounds like you were insecure about certain things like
         | dating and got over it via psychedelics
         | 
         | I mean if that works, sure. But what happens in the future if
         | you latch onto some other insecurity? Will you just take a
         | psychedelic again? Is that going to actually fix the problem?
        
           | TaylorAlexander wrote:
           | I don't know if it's accurate to describe what I was going
           | through as "latching on to an insecurity". I had literally
           | forgotten that I am cool and sexy and this led to insecurity
           | around other cool and sexy people I liked. Once I remembered
           | that I am also cool and sexy, I was able to see myself on an
           | even playing field with the people I like and there was
           | simply no cause for insecurity.
           | 
           | I will certainly do psychedelics again tho. When done with
           | intention and maturity they're fun, harmless, and have
           | generally always been positive and emotionally productive for
           | me. Some years ago I had a mushroom trip that was emotionally
           | challenging, but reminded me of the mortality of my aging
           | parents. This led me to make more of an effort to see them
           | and spend time with them. That's a wonderful outcome.
           | 
           | The thing about psychedelics is that they basically work by
           | loosening up your brain's "default mode network" which is the
           | set of pathways you use to make decisions. By loosening up
           | this network you can find adjacent connections that were
           | almost there but had not quite clicked. So they are a tool to
           | help you find things you have been missing. This is something
           | I will continue to explore. On a more basic level, I found
           | that a small dose of LSD at a dance party is very enjoyable
           | and way better for me personally than drinking alcohol or
           | consuming marijuana. Not that I need substances to have fun,
           | but sometimes that's a fun way to spend an evening.
        
           | cthalupa wrote:
           | >I mean if that works, sure. But what happens in the future
           | if you latch onto some other insecurity? Will you just take a
           | psychedelic again? Is that going to actually fix the problem?
           | 
           | If taking a psychedelic on occasion is effective in combating
           | people's insecurities that is almost certainly one of the
           | most massive wins in the history of mental health.
           | 
           | I don't think it's nearly that simple but I am baffled by the
           | idea of "taking a psychedelic cured you of this issue so what
           | are you gonna do if you have another issue, cure it with
           | another psychedelic, huh?" being some sort of negative thing.
        
         | chiefalchemist wrote:
         | > We've got a crisis of unhappiness in this country and
         | psychedelic therapies are absolutely a powerful tool we could
         | use to help people find themselves.
         | 
         | While I agree with everything else you said, this bit concerns
         | me. I'm certainly in favor of using these tools to help anyone
         | who needs help. But maybe we should start with a mirror, and
         | collectively ask, "Why are so many so unhappy?"
         | 
         | These psychedelics can help resolve the symptoms, but what are
         | we going to collectively take to address the root problem(s)?
         | And when?
        
           | golergka wrote:
           | > But maybe we should start with a mirror, and collectively
           | ask, "Why are so many so unhappy?"
           | 
           | Because that's the default.. People haven't evolved to be
           | happy; we have evolved to barely survive to have kids and
           | care for them so that a few become adults. Being happy is the
           | exception, you should ask how anyone manages that.
        
             | nemo44x wrote:
             | I sort of agree with this. We've been marketed to that we
             | should be happy and that buying <thing|experience> will
             | make us happy. These <things|experiences> will bring
             | pleasure but they don't create meaningful happiness. As if
             | pleasure and happiness are the same thing. But they are
             | often conflated.
             | 
             | I can't tell or teach people "how to be happy". I'm not
             | even sure that's possible or if it's something everyone can
             | do or would really want to. But I do know that being hooked
             | on a treadmill of pleasurable experiences isn't it.
        
               | vorpalhex wrote:
               | Happiness is a state of mind, and is a (mental,
               | emotional) place, and that place is easier to occupy if
               | your life is setup to make it easier. A few good friends,
               | a romantic partner, meaningful work, kids is sort of the
               | usual and probably pretty safe recipe. It's possible to
               | have these things and be miserable, and it's possible to
               | have none of them and be blissfully happy.
               | 
               | Aristotle wrote a pretty solid book on the topic.
        
               | newacct3 wrote:
               | > We've been marketed to that we should be happy and that
               | buying <thing|experience> will make us happy.
               | 
               | Seems like the entirely idea of happiness has been
               | semiotically highjacked by marketing, morality, other
               | things
               | 
               | When I mentally picture "happiness", all I really see is
               | a bunch of behaviors that are frequently depicted as
               | desirable in the aggregate by media and others
               | 
               | The Buddhists are a lot more sane about this than we are.
               | Imo there's so much residue around the word "happiness",
               | in order to achieve a sense of peace it's better to just
               | throw it out and take each day at a time
        
             | chiefalchemist wrote:
             | The default is resorting to drugs, alcohol, other
             | destructive behaviour, and even suicide?
             | 
             | Maybe.
             | 
             | But this isn't a universal default. These escapes at this
             | level isn't happening everywhere in every culture, is it?
        
               | standardUser wrote:
               | Why are using drugs and alcohol automatically destructive
               | behaviours? I imagine you know and work with _many_
               | people who use drugs and /or alcohol and also have
               | families, friends, hobbies, career trajectories and are
               | overall reasonably happy, well-adjusted people. I mean,
               | that describes virtually everyone I know! The problem
               | cases certainly exist, but within my personal world,
               | those people are the exceptions.
        
           | TaylorAlexander wrote:
           | Oh I think people are unhappy because of an abusive political
           | system designed to funnel all wealth to the top while
           | everyone else works themselves to death. Collective action is
           | absolutely the real solution, but psychedelics can help
           | people locked in the mindset that things can't change to
           | consider a better world.
           | 
           | There are simple things, like the fact that we are isolated.
           | This according to Noam Chomsky is an intentional and
           | desirable outcome of a corporate mass media system that wants
           | to keep us separated. And a nice psychedelic trip with
           | friends is a great way to remember not just that you like
           | being with your friends, but that the world that keeps you
           | apart is genuinely inhumane, and we should start to look
           | deeper at how to solve these issues.
           | 
           | Basically I think psychedelics can be a tool that leads to
           | the collective action you have rightly pointed out is the
           | ultimate solution.
        
             | ecshafer wrote:
             | The reverse seems much much more likely. The abusive
             | political system pushes drug legalization as an opiate of
             | the masses so they are more content to deal with the
             | abusive political system. A weekend of legal drug use to
             | make the pain go away and disrupt solidarity.
        
               | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
               | Opiates are quite a different animal. A weekend of
               | psychedelics with your friends is not going to help you
               | ignore anything.
        
               | chiefalchemist wrote:
               | re: opiate of the masses
               | 
               | https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/the+opiate+of+the+ma
               | sse...
               | 
               | In short, it's not to be read literally.
        
               | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
               | I'm aware, and in context with religion is an apt
               | metaphor. But in context with psychedelics it's not.
               | 
               | They're not a numbing agents, they're catalysts for
               | change, that's why they're applicable to therapy in ways
               | that opiates are not.
        
           | newacct3 wrote:
           | > But maybe we should start with a mirror, and collectively
           | ask, "Why are so many so unhappy?"
           | 
           | How is this even supposed to be determined? It isn't like you
           | can test for happiness like you test a pool for Ph levels.
           | Assuming we can is optimistic
        
           | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
           | > These psychedelics can help resolve the symptoms
           | 
           | My experience with psychedelic-assisted insight is not
           | consistent with this. You have the right trip, identify some
           | root-causes that you've been overlooking, and then sober-you
           | has the rest of your life to do something with that new
           | awareness.
           | 
           | They're not painkillers. If anything, they're the opposite.
           | There are all of these rumors about LSD causing back pain
           | because people who have been ignoring back pain trip and are
           | suddenly aware of it again. Such an experience caused me to
           | upgrade my chair and start practicing yoga, for instance.
        
             | chiefalchemist wrote:
             | > They're not painkillers
             | 
             | In the traditional sense (e.g., alcohol, Oxycodine, etc) no
             | they are not. But they are mind altering, literally. And
             | that alteration is an opportunity to break patterns,
             | unhealthy patterns. Being in that other state of mind shows
             | you another state of mind can exist. You experienced it. So
             | you take that away with you and ideally build new healthier
             | paths.
        
               | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
               | I totally agree. Isn't that quite different than what
               | painkillers do?
               | 
               | Presumably your new path has something to do with a
               | problem that you had. It's not helping you cope with
               | having the problem, it's prodding you to solve the
               | problem.
        
         | bowsamic wrote:
         | I took 100ug LSD twice and I was suicidal after it for years
        
         | dr_dshiv wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing. Great example.
        
         | slibhb wrote:
         | For everyone who has an experience like you, there's someone
         | like this guy: https://www.ecstaticintegration.org/p/dmt-
         | derealization-and-...
         | 
         | Anyway, since you were dancing, I assume you used MDMA which is
         | much "less psychedelic" than acid or DMT (and much more of a
         | stimulant). There's also more potential for misuse and
         | addiction. Ketamine, too, turns out to be quite addictive by
         | the way.
         | 
         | It seems clear that psychedelics are going mainstream and,
         | unlike the 60s and 70s, they will be legal in some places. I'm
         | not convinced that ths will be a net good, partly because it's
         | not clear that it was a net good in the 60s and 70s, but we'll
         | see.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | knightofmars wrote:
           | You are implying a 1:1 relationship with good experiences and
           | bad experiences. That's not how drugs work. It is important
           | to know the actual reality of this type of ratio so that
           | individuals who are looking to use a drug of this nature can
           | be well informed.
        
             | slibhb wrote:
             | No, I'm positing a 1:1 relationship between "holy shit I am
             | a new person" in a good way and "holy shit I am a new
             | person" in a bad way.
             | 
             | That's not the same as good/bad experiences.
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | I don't think there's nearly enough data available to
               | posit it one way or the other - anything we say is almost
               | certainly going to be purely anecdotal.
               | 
               | My anecdotal experience has been that the vast majority
               | of people who have used DMT have not felt like a "new
               | person", and the few that have, have felt so in a
               | positive way.
        
               | p0pcult wrote:
               | [dead]
        
           | marcod wrote:
           | > Ketamine, too, turns out to be quite addictive by the way.
           | 
           | https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-07-ketamine-
           | addiction.ht...
           | 
           | I have done the medically assisted Ketamine trips. No sign
           | them being addicting to me whatsoever. It didn't do a whole
           | lot for me, but some of the other peeps in my cohort had
           | amazing results working through old grief.
        
             | slibhb wrote:
             | It's well known that ketamine is addictive. Just google
             | "ketamine addiction". It's an effective antidepressant for
             | many people but you can't take it long term because
             | tolerance develops quickly.
        
           | golergka wrote:
           | There's nothing stopping you from dancing on acid or shrooms.
           | In fact, that's the whole point of psytrance.
        
         | mock-possum wrote:
         | Sometimes people try psychedelics and have great experiences
         | just like that! Sometimes they try psychedelics and they have
         | baaaaaad experiences, that are essentially traumatic and result
         | in lingering negative feelings.
         | 
         | Risk versus reward!
         | 
         | ... but you don't have to risk much, for your first time. Yes,
         | tripping with your friends at a festival is great - but you can
         | also do a little, on your own terms, to try it out, and get a
         | feel for whether it's the sort of thing you're interested in.
         | 
         | Possible benefits of micro dosing notwithstanding, you won't
         | get the dramatic effects everyone tells stories about without
         | taking a significant dose... but that's okay, it doesn't have
         | to be an all-or-nothing arrangement. You can try a little, you
         | can increase or decrease your dosage next time, you can take
         | notice of the conditions surrounding your hood and your bad
         | trips, and - I mean what I'm really describing here is how to
         | learn to use a drug responsibly. It's like any other powerful
         | experience, you need to be smart about how you approach it.
         | 
         | I think people get suckered in by unnuanced anecdotes on either
         | side - "it was amazing, it cured my depression!" and "it was
         | awful, it escalated my schizophrenia" are on opposite ends of a
         | spectrum. I always think everyone owes it to themselves to
         | experience wherever along that spectrum they are comfortable
         | going - not necessarily a psychedelic evangelist per se, just
         | very much in favour of careful deliberate experimentation with
         | your own brain and body chemistry.
         | 
         | Glad you had a good trip! Ones where you come away learning
         | something about yourself are the best.
        
           | itomato wrote:
           | They are not all equal. Not the people, the experience, the
           | substance, or the sum of all.
           | 
           | Without study and care and the ability to be Frank about such
           | things as purity, setting and set, those people are going to
           | fail to realize any "reward".
        
           | TaylorAlexander wrote:
           | > Sometimes people try psychedelics and have great
           | experiences just like that! Sometimes they try psychedelics
           | and they have baaaaaad experiences, that are essentially
           | traumatic and result in lingering negative feelings.
           | 
           | > Risk versus reward!
           | 
           | Well something I did not say in my comment but I believe is
           | very important is that it's not just "do drugs, win prizes"
           | it's "take time over a period of years to learn how
           | psychedelics work with your body, try some experiences in
           | emotionally safe spaces, reflect on those trips with your
           | friend and therapist, and develop some confidence to work
           | your way up in dosage as you learn to understand how it works
           | for you".
           | 
           | While some people may be able to randomly take a higher end
           | dose and have a good result, I certainly advocate that people
           | take their time to get in to these substances. I advocate for
           | legalization because of what is possible with very careful
           | use of them as a tool, but it takes some care to learn how to
           | use them properly!
        
         | jagaerglad wrote:
         | I have been struggling a lot with dating. Despite being a quite
         | social, and often popular guy to be around, there has been some
         | block/hump that always stood in the way of dating. Funnily
         | enough it struck me some weeks ago that I probably have to go
         | on a psychadelic trip to rewire my brain to be able to show my
         | interest romatically to others. What I'm scared of is the
         | possibility of it having some other undesired effect though
         | 
         | I had a similar experience with dancing though. Thought I hated
         | it, and I always had to force myself to do it, until I started
         | (modestly) drinking alcohol. My body would dance for me and I
         | would enjoy it. The effect more or less stuck around and I even
         | genuinely have days of more confidence after a night with
         | alcohol.
         | 
         | All of this is mildly depressing though. It feels as though we
         | are just our brains (maybe obviously), but just that we're the
         | strange effects of the functions of a non-magical/soul-less
         | organ in our heads primarily just meant to steer our bodies.
         | Those thoughts make drugs both existentially liberating but at
         | the same time also "imprisoning" for me
        
           | TaylorAlexander wrote:
           | Well the thing about tripping is you can't really predict
           | what the result will be. I was able to realize I am cool and
           | sexy because I have been doing a lot of work on myself to get
           | over some past issues, and the trip just helped a few things
           | click that I probably would have figured out in the next year
           | or so either way. Success at dating is mostly about being
           | comfortable with yourself, and that takes therapy and
           | personal growth. If you're doing those things, psychedelics
           | can help make connections you are close to, but I would not
           | think that any given trip is going to solve that particular
           | problem if it's not one you're already making progress on.
        
           | vorpalhex wrote:
           | > that I probably have to go on a psychadelic trip to rewire
           | my brain
           | 
           | Do you really need the permission of drugs to do what you
           | want?
           | 
           | You already have your outcome. You know where you are. To
           | what end do you need the drugs?
           | 
           | Let's say you do this trip.. and it turns out the thing
           | blocking you from dating is that you were molested at a young
           | age. Those memories come flooding back to you at 2am while
           | you're sweating like a pig and vomiting repeatedly.
           | 
           | Is that the right outcome? Is that the outcome you want?
           | 
           | Worse yet, what if there is no deep seated reason why you're
           | afraid of intimacy and dependence? What if you are just
           | scared of it for no reason?
           | 
           | There is no secret enlightenment to be had. There is only you
           | and your fear blocking the door, and the fear isn't real.
        
             | standardUser wrote:
             | You could just as easily be describing therapy. Of course
             | people sometimes need external help to achieve their goals
             | or change their perspectives! Sometimes it's therapy,
             | sometimes a vacation, sometimes a heart-to-heart with a
             | close friend and sometimes a bunch of acid.
        
               | vorpalhex wrote:
               | Dropping acid is maybe not the same thing as therapy
               | sessions with a well qualified professional who is board
               | certified, licensed and so on.
               | 
               | If you just mean "try random things to see how it helps",
               | I suppose you could start by finding Jesus or licking a
               | cattle prod. Why limit yourself to just a few methods of
               | magic insight?
        
             | bambataa wrote:
             | To sort of add to this, I've found that meditation has had
             | far more profound effects than psychedelics ever did. Maybe
             | they help to kick start things or show how much of yourself
             | you don't know.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | kortex wrote:
           | > All of this is mildly depressing though. It feels as though
           | we are just our brains (maybe obviously), but just that we're
           | the strange effects of the functions of a non-magical/soul-
           | less organ in our heads primarily just meant to steer our
           | bodies. Those thoughts make drugs both existentially
           | liberating but at the same time also "imprisoning" for me
           | 
           | That is certainly one way of looking at things, and one of
           | the more frequent perspectives I harbor. But I've also had
           | enough trips down the rabbit hole to realize there's more to
           | it than that. _Way_ more to it.
           | 
           | We are definitely strange effects for sure. We are haunted
           | atoms that formed in the core of a dying star. Weird, right?
           | If you find that worldview imprisoning, I encourage you to
           | question it. Magic is often simply what you need it to be, no
           | need to get hung up on whether magic is "real" or not,
           | because that doesn't actually matter.
           | 
           | Check out Discordianism if you haven't already. It's kinda
           | like hot swapping reality tunnels. No need to commit to one
           | ontology all the time :).
        
           | mahathu wrote:
           | >I have been struggling a lot with dating.
           | 
           | >I probably have to go on a psychadelic trip to rewire my
           | brain to be able to show my interest romatically to others
           | 
           | u wot m8
        
         | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
         | I totally agree that:
         | 
         | > We've got a crisis of unhappiness in this country and
         | psychedelic therapies are absolutely a powerful tool we could
         | use to help people find themselves.
         | 
         | But our blues haven't appeared from nowhere. We have
         | significant cultural institutions that function primarily by
         | dividing the populace against itself. Getting healthy likely
         | means waking up to the fact that we're under attack and doing
         | something other than "self care" about it.
         | 
         | So I disagree with:
         | 
         | > the structures of power are so solidified I'm not sure
         | there's really much actual risk to them from drug legalization.
         | 
         | They seem pretty shaky to me. Which is for the best. Being
         | powerful _should_ come with a fear of the people you have power
         | over. If you 're one weird trip away from a revolution then
         | it's probably time to start treating your people better.
        
           | s1artibartfast wrote:
           | >Getting healthy likely means waking up to the fact that
           | we're under attack and doing something other than "self care"
           | about it.
           | 
           | I pretty strongly disagree with this sentiment. The vast
           | majority of misery in this country is self-inflicted from
           | buying into a worldview and lifestyle that is inherently
           | unfulfilling. The self care of conferring oneself from that
           | mindset goes a long way.
        
             | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
             | Ok but who is selling that worldview, and how does our
             | behavior change when we stop buying into it?
             | 
             | Being bought in means that we're afraid to talk to our
             | families or neighbors about certain topics for fear of
             | things getting too spicy in one way or another, it keeps us
             | divided. Apply self care (psychedelic assisted or
             | otherwise) for long enough that we're not afraid anymore
             | and maybe you've achieved your mental health goals, but now
             | you're having the kind of conversations that change things.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | >Ok but who is selling that worldview, and how does our
               | behavior change when we stop buying into it?
               | 
               | That's a complex question and I probably don't have the
               | perfect answer. If I were to take a stab at it I would
               | say the top causes are consumerism, politics, and trained
               | helplessness are at the top of the list.
               | 
               | As for who's selling it; basiclly everyone is.
               | Individuals and companies want you to think that whatever
               | they are selling will make you happy. Politicians want
               | you to think you need them to do good in the world. Your
               | neighbors want you to be impressed with their good values
               | and status.
               | 
               | In my experience and opinion, once people escape, the
               | behavior changes in that they start actually doing things
               | that make them happy, opposed to things that they are
               | told _should_ make them happy. This can take an infinite
               | number of forms. It might mean going out and helping your
               | neighbors instead of watching political news. It might be
               | going for a walk instead of watching Netflix. It might
               | mean reading a book instead of browsing twitter.
        
               | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
               | When the previous poster said:
               | 
               | > A crisis of unhappiness in this country
               | 
               | I think he was right to say "this country". I've been
               | places where, by all objective measures, the people have
               | it much worse, but I don't get the sense that they're
               | unhappy the way that we are.
               | 
               | > As for who's selling it; basically everyone is
               | 
               | If that we're the case, it would be happening everywhere.
               | We'd just call it the human condition. The contrast upon
               | returning to the US wouldn't feel so stark.
               | 
               | I think there is a relatively small demographic who is
               | selling the uniquely dissatisfying American worldview
               | much more strongly than the rest of us are. And conscious
               | or otherwise, they have their reasons.
               | 
               | If we start ignoring the programming en masse, I expect
               | they'll switch to less subtle means of control.
               | 
               | I'm not saying we shouldn't do it. I think everyone
               | should trip at least once precisely because it helps you
               | cast off habits of mind that aren't serving you. But when
               | that capability is in everybody's toolkit... Well I think
               | it's going to be a bumpy ride. Worth taking, but bumpy.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | To be clear, when I say basically everyone is selling it,
               | I'm speaking in a us centric context. I don't think the
               | phenomenon is unique to the United States, but I do think
               | it is more pronounced here. I too have met people that
               | live on less than a dollar a day and are happier than
               | people making six or seven figures.
               | 
               | When I say everyone is selling it, what I mean is that if
               | they have bought into it, they are propagating it as a
               | normative worldview. I think is accurate and the only way
               | such ideas survive. It is systemic and relies on Broad
               | acceptance. At the center, it depends on hundreds of
               | millions of people believing in it.
               | 
               | It is helpful to step outside of that system and get a
               | radically different perspective. Psychedelics are just
               | one way to do this, and probably not even the best. The
               | challenge is that even after experiencing that
               | perspective, you step back into a world where everyone
               | believes something different and you start to forget.
               | 
               | The solution is pretty simple. For one you have to make
               | an intentional effort to be present in your life and live
               | it in a way you find meaningful, despite external forces
               | trying to convince you otherwise. Second, you have to
               | surround yourself with friends and loved ones that
               | reinforce this healthy world view.
               | 
               | In the end, I think I'm less cynical than you are. I
               | don't think there are more powerful tools for mind
               | control waiting to be deployed. I also don't think it
               | would be a bumpy ride if more people took control of
               | their lives to improve their happiness. Life and society
               | would simply get better and better as more people did so.
        
           | webnrrd2k wrote:
           | There is some history in the US with regards to power
           | structures, getting needs met, and psychedelics. Mostly in
           | the late 60's and early 70's there was a big counterculture
           | movement that focused on exactly those things, and the power
           | structures at the time were certainly threatened, and created
           | things like cointelpro.
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/COINTELPRO#:~:text=Overall%2.
           | ...
        
       | nuc1e0n wrote:
       | I think the key factors to consider when talking about the best
       | way to regard psychedelic substances is what potential benefits
       | or harms do they have at the individual or societal level, for
       | example an overdose that causes permanent debilitation or death.
       | In my view, any potential regulation or guidance should be
       | seeking to minimise the harms while maximizing the benefits. I
       | also think historical precedent should be considered as part of
       | the process to identifying that.
       | 
       | As an aside to some of the comments made in the article, you can
       | still be religious without theism. And in a way any religious
       | experience could also be considered as a kind of mental health
       | medication.
        
       | coder4life wrote:
       | https://archive.is/XCkZD
        
       | k__ wrote:
       | Read stuff from Thomas Metzinger. I think, he has really good
       | ideas for the integration of psychedelics and meditation to get
       | better insights to your own consciousness.
        
       | triyambakam wrote:
       | > I have met others who only stand and look at you blankly, who
       | have lost their desire, even their self-respect. They have lost,
       | shall we say, the structure through which their mind force
       | previously flowed, and it has not been replaced.
       | 
       | > What happens to a Hindu yogi when he enters a superconscious
       | state of bliss in which his mind opens up, turns to light, and he
       | sees the world revolving below the state of his suspended
       | consciousness? He has arrived at this state through many years of
       | practice in concentration, meditation and contemplation, many
       | years of building strong nerve fiber. But in a momentary high on
       | LSD or any other powerful psychedelic, such as mushrooms, peyote,
       | ecstasy or DMT, the nerve structure is strained, in a sense which
       | we can best describe as abnormal, to allow the individual to
       | reach this exalted consciousness. Coming out of it, the result is
       | often a kind of shock in which the person has a great difficulty
       | in readjusting to any kind of normal routine. [1]
       | 
       | [1] Living with Siva, 79
        
       | mightyham wrote:
       | There are already tons of legal forms of escapism, which is
       | exactly what psychedelics are, so I fail to see why it's so
       | imperative that they become more socially accepted.
       | 
       | I've also tried my fair share of psychedelics and find it
       | completely laughable that people try to raise them up as these
       | spiritual or therapeutic tools. Just because they make you
       | hallucinate does not mean they "open up your mind" or make you
       | think any more critically than alcohol or other drugs.
        
         | oslem wrote:
         | Are there alternate tools that you believe can achieve improved
         | critical thinking or "opening up your mind."
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | It sounds like you've had very boring and uninteresting
         | psychedelic trips. It's kind of laughable to even think that
         | any benefits come from the "hallucinating" aspect of the trip,
         | as you imply.
        
         | cthalupa wrote:
         | I have never found psychedelics to be more than an enjoyable
         | way to spend an evening or weekend, but a large body of
         | psychiatrists and medical researchers take the potential of
         | psychedelics as a a therapeutic tool quite seriously and there
         | is scientific research to support this position. If you find it
         | completely laughable, I would hope you have some sort of
         | significant scientific evidence to support that position.
         | 
         | As for the spiritual bit, I don't understand how you could
         | begin to argue this point. A spiritual experience is subjective
         | and dependent on the person - if people can find meditation,
         | walks in nature, staring up at the stars, listening to music,
         | reading a book, etc., to be spiritual experiences, why in the
         | world couldn't a trip on LSD do the same?
        
         | themoonisachees wrote:
         | They are being raised as therapeutic tools because research
         | shows that empirically, psychedelics do help with some mental
         | issues, and sometimes in better ways than conventional
         | medicine. They need to become more socially accepted because
         | current legislation bans a lot of research on them under cover
         | of the war on drugs, an that legislation can be changed if
         | public sentiment changes. If tobacco was discovered to be good
         | for say, depression, it'd be stupid to ban researchers from
         | acquiring any under the guise of "tobacco cause cancer so
         | nobody should be allowed to buy it ever". On top of that, drugs
         | are absolutely winning the war on drugs, because the current
         | policy of punishing users for either having fun on their own
         | time or being addicts who literally will die if they stop is
         | absurd. There is a middle ground between throwing addicts in
         | prison and selling heroin in cafes, and that comes with mental
         | help and social assistance to those in positions where hard
         | drugs and dependance on them is preferable to experiencing life
         | sober.
        
         | vlasev wrote:
         | The Venn diagram for psychedelics include escapism, but it
         | includes a lot more as well. Psychedelics can be a powerful
         | tool, and for all the good that they can bring you, they can
         | also wreck your shit for a while. It really depends on who you
         | are, what context you take them in and what you do afterwards.
         | This applies more broadly to other substances as well, even
         | ones not typically seen as psychedelic, like alcohol and
         | caffeine. There can be therapeutic effects with those as well.
         | 
         | For example, if you're feeling really stuck at a certain point
         | in life and you take the time to get drunk by yourself and
         | listen to some enjoyable music, you can end up being really
         | honest with yourself and become aware of what you need to do to
         | get unstuck. But you can also get drunk at a party and make a
         | number of bad decisions that you'll regret later. It be like
         | that when it comes to psychedelics as well.
         | 
         | Imho, the main benefits of psychedelics are two-fold.
         | 
         | One has to do with subjective experience - psychedelics can
         | simply provide you with a different experience, a different
         | point of view. This can help you see that there are other
         | possibilities for the narratives you tell yourself and this can
         | be beneficial. Depression is a good example here - it's super
         | easy to forget what it's like to not be depressed and
         | psychedelics can provide a temporary clarity about it that can
         | later help get out of the depressive state.
         | 
         | The temporary difference in point of view can also cultivate
         | more skepticism in general. This is especially true for certain
         | "truths" we hold about ourselves (like insecurities,
         | inadequacies, fears). Psychedelics can open us up to consider
         | different causes for our behaviours and this can be therapeutic
         | as well. But I gotta say, they can also make you lose yourself
         | within a new false narrative, so skepticism is a powerful ally
         | here.
         | 
         | The other benefit simply has to do with neuroplasticity. Most
         | psychedelics open up a dose-dependent learning period that
         | lasts from days to weeks. That's why something like a shroom
         | trip doesn't really end until a few weeks after the shroom is
         | ingested, when that learning period eventually closes. Even if
         | you didn't experience anything spiritually or psychologically
         | significant in the acute phase of the trip, you can still
         | benefit greatly from the learning window that opens up
         | afterwards.
         | 
         | It's a good time to try a new activity, do some self-
         | reflection, change a habit, have a therapy session or two,
         | connect with people on a deeper level. You might be surprised
         | by your learning abilities after a shroom trip. But I gotta
         | say, all this also opens you up to learning "bad things" too,
         | so again, skepticism helps here.
         | 
         | Yeah, you can do all that without psychedelics as well, but
         | there are a couple of problems here - you might be unaware that
         | there's something you can actually do, and even if you are, you
         | might not know what to look at or how to change your point of
         | view about it. Psychedelics can provide a strong emotional and
         | psychological example that can guide you in that process.
        
         | shlant wrote:
         | > I've also tried my fair share of psychedelics and find it
         | completely laughable that people try to raise them up as these
         | spiritual or therapeutic tools. Just because they make you
         | hallucinate does not mean they "open up your mind" or make you
         | think any more critically than alcohol or other drugs.
         | 
         | "I didn't have the experience some people talk about so I will
         | ridicule and discount all those perspectives"
         | 
         | Cool. Great contribution, thanks. It's too bad you didn't have
         | those experiences people talk about because maybe it would have
         | helped check your ego.
        
       | jokoon wrote:
       | Whatever you do please don't advocate to replace ssri with
       | psychedelics. Listen to a doctor or psychiatrist, just like it
       | was for vaccines.
       | 
       | And avoid personal anecdote, they have little value compared to
       | what a doctor says.
       | 
       | Thanks in advance.
        
         | InCityDreams wrote:
         | My doc is great at medicine, knows fuck-all about tripping.
        
         | bigyikes wrote:
         | I agree with your main point, but the bit about anecdotes is
         | tricky. We live in a society where research and information on
         | these substances has been suppressed. As a result, anecdotes,
         | to a large degree, are all we have.
         | 
         | This is gradually changing as we see new studies emerging with
         | the relaxation of regulation. However, the picture the data
         | paint is still quite limited compared to the wealth of personal
         | experiences that have been recorded over the decades.
        
           | caniszczyk wrote:
           | agreed... I know a lot more folks that SSRIs have messed up
           | in a variety ways than psychedelics... we should offer folks
           | MORE options when fighting depression/anxiety and encourage
           | experimentation
        
           | jasonhansel wrote:
           | The fact that you only have anecdotes doesn't make those
           | anecdotes more reliable.
        
             | p0pcult wrote:
             | [dead]
        
         | HeWhoLurksLate wrote:
         | It seems to me that this is a fairly dangerous take- during and
         | after the schooling required to become a doctor, surgeon, or
         | nurse, the real-world experiences that these medical
         | professionals have tends, over time, to outweigh the
         | institutional knowledge they started with.
         | 
         | Ideally, reading new research should be part and parcel to
         | everybody's professional career, but a _ton_ of the advice that
         | you 'll receive from your doctor will be informed more by
         | experience (compounding anecdote) than anything else.
        
         | the6thwonder wrote:
         | > avoid personal anecdote, they have little value compared to
         | what a doctor says.
         | 
         | Doctors are like engineers. There is a body of science and
         | research for their field. They were once trained on part of it.
         | But day to day each individual doctor is a practitioners. What
         | they say is often just their own anecdotes. Research on a topic
         | may exist but it's up to personal interest and work style
         | whether they read it.
        
           | jokoon wrote:
           | Doctors are not like engineers.
           | 
           | Human health and biology is far more complex and tricky that
           | whatever engineers deal with.
        
             | the6thwonder wrote:
             | I agree with that difference, but it's not relevant to the
             | comment I made.
        
         | chownie wrote:
         | Counterpoint: I listened to my doctors for 8 years and took the
         | medication they advised, didn't help me one bit.
         | 
         | Getting off SSRIs, changing my work situation and enjoying some
         | LSD made a much bigger positive difference than endless sweaty
         | nights on Prozac ever did.
        
           | HaZeust wrote:
           | The reverse works for many other people. NEVER prescribe a
           | "one-size-fits-all" policy or perspective for psychological
           | methodologies.
        
       | itomato wrote:
       | We can drop the CIA concocted narratives anytime.
       | 
       | Calling them out is the first step.
        
       | yieldcrv wrote:
       | I agree, I sometimes run into people - usually corporate
       | employee, college educated people - "straight edge" people that
       | are just getting around to experimenting with psychadelics and
       | say things like "I'm not really into _drugs_ " and treading
       | carefully for that reason
       | 
       | Its a smart approach
       | 
       | But being unable to distinguish between "drugs" is sad
       | 
       | Its a categorization problem, its a anti drug education problem
       | that also categorized everything together and conflated
       | everything with wild rumors. Its a supply chain problem as
       | substances do need to be tested to ensure you are only getting
       | your psychedelic.
        
       | benbreen wrote:
       | I'm the author of the OP. Happy to talk more about the history of
       | psychedelics.
       | 
       | I also wanted to flag that if anyone is interested in some of the
       | historical sources I cite here (such as the Jesuit talking about
       | ayahuasca in the 18th century) I go into more detail in this
       | journal article, which is open access:
       | https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/a...
        
         | ImAnAmateur wrote:
         | I've got a question for you. Some people are very carefree with
         | their use of psychoactive drugs. I'd say nearly everyone I've
         | ever seen post online about trying mushrooms, LSD, etc. has
         | done it for fun (or the experience) instead of spiritual,
         | psychological, or medicinal reasons.
         | 
         | What risks are they exposing themselves to? I'd hate to have a
         | friend hurt themselves.
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | > What risks are they exposing themselves to? I'd hate to
           | have a friend hurt themselves.
           | 
           | Have your friend research Erowid, a place where people have
           | posted all possible sorts of information about mind-altering
           | substances and their risks.
        
             | ImAnAmateur wrote:
             | That is a good source. I've forgotten about that site for
             | years. Thank you.
        
           | colecut wrote:
           | I would imagine the same risks as someone doing it for
           | spiritual, psychological, or medicinal reasons
        
             | operatingthetan wrote:
             | Right, I'm confused what they are trying to accomplish
             | gatekeeping others intent.
        
               | ImAnAmateur wrote:
               | How is that gatekeeping? I'm trying to ask about what the
               | risks are for people who take it at a party or a festival
               | or at home for fun.
               | 
               | >Psychedelics like psilocybin have a remarkably benign
               | safety profile relative to other Schedule One drugs, not
               | to mention very different social, cultural and historical
               | roles. Lumping psychedelics together with powerful
               | opioids like fentanyl misdirects resources, diminishes
               | buy-in from the public and undercuts the legitimacy of
               | federal drug laws.
               | 
               | The author of the article does not specify what risks
               | these drugs have. Simply that they are relatively less
               | dangerous than synthetic opioids.
        
               | otherme123 wrote:
               | There are some studies, and LSD is quite safe. Way safer
               | than alcohol, for example.
               | 
               | But being on a very tight Schedule I (like MDMA, also
               | quite safe), worse even than morphine, good luck
               | researching the risks. It's a catch 22: we don't know the
               | risks, so we ban studies about the substance. We don't
               | have studies about the risks, so we cannot unban it.
               | 
               | When LSD was liberally consumed (1960's), there were
               | almost no deaths related to it. And the very few reports
               | are suspiciously "suicides" or "near suicides", which all
               | of them seems to be accidents while tripping, like any
               | drunk commit everyday (and not like LSD makes you
               | suicidal by choice). More serious reports have found
               | _zero_ deaths directly linked with LSD toxicity:
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29408722/
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | Sadly, "LSD is safe" doesn't mean "things sold as LSD and
               | that feel similar to LSD are safe". Lots of research
               | chemical LSD analogues feel very similar to LSD but are
               | dangerous. Just wanted to leave that disclaimer in case
               | anyone on the fence about trying it reads this. Be
               | careful.
        
               | emptysongglass wrote:
               | MDMA is not quite safe. We have decades of research to
               | prove otherwise now. r/DrugNerds have been putting out
               | study after study pointing this out. The protocols
               | required and safety measures for how often to dose are
               | not what folks are going to be doing generally. It is
               | neurotoxic.
               | 
               | LSD on the other hand, yes quite safe (and even good) for
               | _your brain_ , unless you're prone to mental illness or
               | currently suffering from mental illness.
        
               | otherme123 wrote:
               | Let me put it in another way: safety profile of MDMA is
               | better than lots and lots of other clinically approved
               | drugs. And much safer than substances like alcohol, that
               | are not only neurotoxic but hepatotoxic, carcinogenic,
               | highly addictive and with worse withdrawal.
               | 
               | There was a time when MDMA was prescribed to thousands of
               | people, and nobody had a problem. Of course some people
               | will always abuse any substance, we currently have people
               | killing themselves with food or sugar. But the best
               | solution is not to classify it as Schedule I, which in
               | practice is a full ban even for research.
        
               | emptysongglass wrote:
               | You're continuing to make bad claims. I'm taking the time
               | to debunk them because the safety of people reading these
               | comments is important to me.
               | 
               | MDMA is far more _neurotoxic_ than alcohol. The oxidative
               | stress put on the brain is potent. When you add elevated
               | body temperature, which most folks on MDMA are likely to
               | find themselves experiencing (dancing, hot club, lots of
               | people), the damage climbs precipitously. In primates,
               | damage to the brain has been detected after even single
               | use.
               | 
               | If people want to take drugs, that's their prerogative
               | but after "playing" with drugs when I was younger, the
               | only recreational drugs I can recommend are certain
               | psychedelics if people care about their health, physical
               | or mental. You can replace alcohol and ecstasy in many
               | settings with a very low dose of psychedelics and get
               | similar social opening effects with none of the damage of
               | either.
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | Would it be possible to provide some of these studies?
               | 
               | Whenever I look I can only find reference to long term
               | exposure, and meta-studies reviewing more moderate use
               | seem to show minimal, if any, issues, e.g. https://www.sc
               | iencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014976341...
               | 
               | To my knowledge, the one study that people held up as
               | showing damage from MDMA usage after a single dose was
               | later retracted, as they had mixed up the vials of MDMA
               | and methamphetamine. They were never able to replicate
               | the results after resolving this mistake. https://en.wiki
               | pedia.org/wiki/Retracted_article_on_dopaminer...
               | 
               | Disclaimer: I have taken MDMA a couple of times over the
               | years, though I have never particularly enjoyed the
               | experience and have never considered doing it regularly.
        
               | emptysongglass wrote:
               | Sure, happy to. Here's a meta-study [1] that cites
               | another meta-study showing single use harm. [2] This
               | study [3] shows changes in serotonin patterns seven years
               | after administration in primates.
               | 
               | MisterYouAreSoDumb was a legendary Redditor who
               | frequently commented on the topic of harm. This one's a
               | collection of references and a good TL;DR. [4] It's ten
               | years old now but there's still a treasure trove of
               | material here. Another comment from them that is the
               | beginning of a series. [5] And as I mentioned earlier,
               | the safety protocols required to mitigate the damage are
               | extensive. You cannot rely on users going the distance to
               | have a less-harmful experience. You must assume it's
               | being taken under non-ideal conditions, with plenty of
               | redosing, which is multiplicatively more damaging, as the
               | axon terminals involved will simply run dry.
               | 
               | Hope that's helpful.
               | 
               | I'm not here to judge. I've also taken MDMA in my youth
               | and quite a lot of it. But I do wish we had these
               | resources available then as we do now so I could have
               | made a more informed decision.
               | 
               | My personal, anecdotal, experience is I had a bunch of
               | pretty magical experiences with MDMA in my youth which
               | I've never been able to reproduce since. That was
               | personal confirmation that irrevocable changes had
               | occurred due to use. The internet is chock full of
               | similar stories.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181923
               | 
               | [2] https://sci-
               | hub.se/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12869661
               | 
               | [3] https://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/19/12/5096.f
               | ull.pdf
               | 
               | [4] https://www.reddit.com/r/Drugs/comments/15ix0s/commen
               | t/c7mvi...
               | 
               | [5] https://www.reddit.com/r/DrugNerds/comments/13lp0b/md
               | ma_neur...
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | Thanks! These are interesting.
               | 
               | Couple of notes I made from my first perusal.
               | 
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181923
               | 
               | They point out that they showed neurotoxicity in animal
               | studies with doses higher than those typically for
               | recreational users. In studies of human users, they did
               | find evidence of brain structural alteration, but no
               | large-scale cognitive impairment of clinically relevant
               | proportions. Fairly significant evidence of impact to
               | memory.
               | 
               | https://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/19/12/5096.full.
               | pdf
               | 
               | They chose dosages for MDMA here that are extremely high.
               | 80-120mg is the standard recreational dose with anything
               | above 150mg being considered high, but the dosage they
               | chose would be the by-weight equivalent of a 160lb person
               | taking 340mg of MDMA. This looks intentional - they say
               | in the study the selected a dosage that was known to
               | cause brain lesions. The sci-hub study references a
               | species-specific dose scaling chart that explains some of
               | this, but it also disclaims that the science of the dose
               | scaling is disputed. I'm not super sure what to make of
               | it - it stands to reason that too much of anything can be
               | dangerous, but it doesn't seem like the science is close
               | to being settled on whether or not these dosing
               | differences make sense.
               | 
               | I haven't yet had a chance to go through all the
               | references from the reddit post, but I'll work through
               | them.
               | 
               | I think it's pretty compelling evidence that there is
               | risk in taking MDMA long term, or in very high dosages on
               | more acute timescales. I don't know that what I have read
               | so far counters the science in the meta-study I linked
               | around more moderate use, since that did draw primarily
               | on observational studies that included imaging of human
               | users. I'm no expert, though, and hopefully no one
               | reading this is taking my understanding of the science as
               | anything resembling authoritative.
               | 
               | It does further highlight a lot of the potential risks in
               | taking street drugs, though - you never know the actual
               | potency or chemical composition of what you're being
               | sold.
               | 
               | >My personal, anecdotal, experience is I had a bunch of
               | pretty magical experiences with MDMA in my youth which
               | I've never been able to reproduce since. That was
               | personal confirmation that irrevocable changes had
               | occurred due to use. The internet is chock full of
               | similar stories.
               | 
               | Hmm. There's a lot of experiences I found magical at one
               | point in time that I've never been able to reproduce,
               | none of them related to drugs. I think it's hard for
               | humans to disentangle their perceptions from the novelty
               | of new experiences, the impact of their mental state,
               | point in life, etc. etc.
               | 
               | At any rate, thank you again for the wealth of
               | information.
        
               | resolutebat wrote:
               | MDMA is also addictive, because it makes you feel good
               | (it's not called "ecstasy" for nothing), and builds
               | tolerance rapidly, so you need to keep increasing the
               | dose. No, it's nowhere near as dangerous as
               | meth/heroin/cocaine, but I have seen people spiral into
               | pretty dangerous usage patterns, including switching to
               | harder drugs when ecstasy isn't cutting it any more and
               | they're stuck in a multi-day depressive withdrawal slump.
               | 
               | For all practical purposes, none of this applies to LSD,
               | since trips are much more intense and unpredictable.
               | Although there is a small subset of psychonauts who adopt
               | an extreme sports mindset and intentionally push the
               | envelope by taking larger and larger doses.
        
             | nemosaltat wrote:
             | Since we're speculating. I would imagine like just about
             | all human experience, framing, priming and setting matter
             | quite a lot.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | Given that, it seems like fun and pleasure are probably
               | safer than medicinal.
        
               | bozhark wrote:
               | Recreational will happen despite the restrictions. Why
               | not tax it an apply the funds where socially needed?
        
               | colecut wrote:
               | I agree that set and setting are huge factors in your
               | psychedelics experience. I am 'speculating' but also do
               | have a lot of experience in a variety of psychedelics.
               | 
               | I'm not sure where "intent" falls on that spectrum. The
               | vast majority of my experiences have been "for fun" or
               | "for the experience" at music festivals, concerts, or at
               | home..
               | 
               | I have also taken ayahuasca and changa with a shaman. I
               | was doing it "for the experience", but how is that
               | different from someone else who was in the same room as
               | me doing it an attempt to treat depression or anxiety?
               | How would the risks be different?
               | 
               | Being an anxious or depressed person in general may
               | increase risk factors of negative experience. This is
               | still not related to intent.
        
               | bozhark wrote:
               | Anxious or depressed people benefit from the experience
               | more so than someone of speculatively sound mind.
        
               | colecut wrote:
               | I think by the nature of their position, they have more
               | to potentially benefit.
               | 
               | But it's totally possible for an anxious person to end up
               | worse.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | coderintherye wrote:
           | Erowid is a great resource for these sorts of questions:
           | https://erowid.org
           | 
           | In fact they have an answer specific to your question on
           | mushrooms: https://www.erowid.org/ask/ask.php?ID=1606
           | 
           | In short, there is very little risk but whether or not
           | someone should choose to take something should still be an
           | informed choice. As far as risk to life, there's been few or
           | no reported deaths purely due to ingesting psilocybin.
           | However, there are small risks around operating heavy
           | machinery (e.g. driving) after as well as small risks around
           | ensuring you are actually ingesting a safe psilocybe mushroom
           | as opposed to a different toxic mushroom.
        
             | ImAnAmateur wrote:
             | >Answered by murple in 2001
             | 
             | I think I may have read this exact post 10+ years ago.
             | Reminds me of old homes that have since been sold. What
             | links to this Q&A?
             | 
             | This is an example of some of the better sources of info on
             | that site: https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/lsd/lsd.shtml
        
             | jasonhansel wrote:
             | They are not doctors. I would not trust that website as a
             | source of medical advice.
        
               | indrora wrote:
               | I was explicitly told to read up on several topics from
               | Erowid by my psychiatrist upon starting an
               | antidepressant. Her comment was: "I can't tell you what
               | you'll experience, but if you're willing, here's some
               | resources". I read the comments, including quite a bit of
               | medical research that I would have been otherwise unaware
               | of, and was prepared for some of the weirder effects that
               | can come with it (the drug itself is a dopamine receptor
               | augmenter).
               | 
               | The fact of the matter is that a lot of researchers
               | depend on the folk knowledge that is stuffed into Erowid
               | for their own research because it's one of the higest
               | quality sources of information on the actual effects of
               | various substances that people have been putting into
               | their bodies. Much of the research on these substances
               | cannot be funded easily (federal law in the US bans the
               | use of federal funds to research LSD, marijuana, etc due
               | to their classification by the DEA of "intractably bad
               | for society, useless for medicine, and not worthy of
               | academic study.") This means that researchers have to
               | turn to these contemporaneous accounts.
               | 
               | Nobody calls Erowid "medical advice." It's the tripper's
               | notebook, shared and amalgamated by many a substance
               | user. It's the closest thing we have to a Merck Manual
               | for things that alter your mind.
        
               | taneq wrote:
               | In my (admittedly limited) experience there's quite an
               | overlap in expertise between the better-informed illicit
               | experimenters and the left side of the bell curve for
               | psychiatric professionals.
        
               | coderintherye wrote:
               | That's fine if you don't trust it and if you want medical
               | advice, you should always talk to your primary care
               | provider for that advice.
               | 
               | However I work with doctors, and through that have had
               | the ability to discuss the site with various medical
               | doctors. In general, they have also noted it as a good
               | resource. They've also noted there is limited ability for
               | them as medical doctors to assess the medical side
               | effects of various drugs due to the illegality of them in
               | their jurisdictions. Thus, the need for resources such as
               | Erowid. If you want your medical doctor to be able to
               | give you medical advice about psychedelic drug use then
               | help push for continued legal reclassification of and
               | access to psychedelics for medical researchers.
        
               | anigbrowl wrote:
               | That's OK, I don't trust doctors who lack any first hand
               | experience of these substances. I'm deeply skeptical of
               | the push to medicalize their administration, given the
               | parlous state of that industry.
        
             | s1artibartfast wrote:
             | I think there's a lot more nuance than even that. Many
             | psychedelics can trigger or exacerbate undesirable mental
             | conditions that persist for the rest of your life.
        
               | bozhark wrote:
               | Nah, they don't cause undesirable mental conditions that
               | persist for the rest of your life. Your "trip" is about
               | 6-8 hours on a typical 3.5g dose.
        
               | birdyrooster wrote:
               | Dude I know people who have had their lifelong
               | schizophrenia start at the same time they started using
               | hallucinogens like LSD and mushrooms. It's not a
               | conspiracy or bullshit. People I have loved have changed
               | in ways they couldn't control and was destructive/scary
               | for them.
        
               | squirtlebonflow wrote:
               | How do you know that it's not the other way around - they
               | started using hallucinogens _because_ their schizophrenia
               | started and the confusion around a drastic change in
               | mental state caused drug seeking behavior?
        
               | empyrrhicist wrote:
               | I don't disagree that these substances are known triggers
               | for those with predispositions, but be careful with your
               | logic - that's exactly the same format as autism/vax
               | conspiracy folks use, when in reality the common cause is
               | age. Symptoms of autism can start to manifest around the
               | time childhood vaccines are being given, just like
               | schizophrenia and related conditions manifest in
               | teenagers and young adults (also groups known to try
               | drugs). In the latter case we do _also_ have evidence
               | that psychedelics are associated with increased risk
               | /earlier onset, but you wouldn't be able to tell from the
               | timing anecdote.
        
               | pillefitz wrote:
               | What's your agenda? I seriously don't understand why
               | you'd say such things, if HPPD and DP/DR are real.
        
               | shlant wrote:
               | please top minimizing the real risks of using
               | psychedelics (especially for certain groups of people
               | predisposed to mental health issues). You make
               | normalizing them harder and you do more damage than if
               | you were just honest about it. The war on drugs resulted
               | in a lot of lies being spread about these substances.
               | Don't do the exact same thing just because it's on the
               | other side of the argument.
        
               | kayodelycaon wrote:
               | That's not what they said, psychedelics can trigger
               | preexisting vulnerabilities to mental disorders. A
               | psychotic break can do enormous damage.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | I would recommend reading up on persistent disassociative
               | personality disorders and persistent visual artifacts
               | from psychedelics. Both are rare but well documented side
               | effects of psychedelic usage.
               | 
               | I personally know someone who has suffered visual
               | distortions post trip for 20 years and counting at this
               | point.
        
               | indrora wrote:
               | they may be interested in this, if they weren't already: 
               | https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=44872
               | 43
               | 
               | There is a foundation looking to understand why/how this
               | happens and what we can do to moderate/manage it:
               | https://www.perception.foundation/
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | As someone who is very much in favor of legalizing
               | psychadelics and has enjoyed his experiences with them:
               | 
               | No, there is a lot of strong evidence that psychadelic
               | trips can trigger underlying issues such as
               | schizophrenia, etc.
               | 
               | However, some portion of these people would have it
               | triggered these latent illnesses regardless of the use of
               | these substances. The hard to answer question is how many
               | people would develop these conditions without the drug
               | use, if the drug use significantly accelerated it, etc.
               | 
               | On the subject of HPPD, I am more skeptical. It's very
               | poorly understood, and there's been correlation shown for
               | just about any sort of psychoactive substance, SSRIs,
               | etc. Studies have claimed that anywhere from 5% to 25% of
               | people who have taken recreational psychoactive drugs are
               | impacted by it. Which, well, I have not done and am not
               | qualified to do such a study, but having spoken to
               | hundreds of users of psychadelic drugs over several
               | decades and never encountering a single person who
               | claimed to experience HPPD, it's hard to square up my
               | anecdotal experiences with some of the reports.
               | 
               | Something is going on there - there's enough people that
               | report the symptoms that I don't believe it's made up or
               | anything like that - but it doesn't seem to be nearly as
               | simply as "Anyone that does recreational drugs has a
               | chance of developing HPPD"
        
           | hoxtrader wrote:
           | The risks are that one is in a very vulnerable state
           | mentally.
           | 
           | The more popular psychedelics become the more bad actors will
           | take advantage of this.
           | 
           | A trip sitter is a great idea in theory but just rarely
           | actually happens.
           | 
           | The deepest thing I have learned on psychedelics though is
           | that the very idea there are experiences that are "fun" and
           | experiences that are "spiritual" is complete nonsense. The
           | person sitting alone in a room on a spiritual quest of some
           | sort looking down on the person dancing at a rave is an utter
           | fool.
        
           | bozhark wrote:
           | Caffeine is a psychoactive drug.
        
             | pillefitz wrote:
             | And for those that can't metabolize it properly, it causes
             | serious issues, from heart problems to chronic sleep
             | deprivation to heavy mood swings and depression that can
             | last months
        
             | bowsamic wrote:
             | How is that relevant?
        
         | photochemsyn wrote:
         | As far as the cover photo, I don't think ketamine (a
         | replacement for PCP) and MDMA (an analogue of drugs like
         | Adderall (amphetamine class)) qualify as psychedelics. It makes
         | more sense to classify psychedelics as 5-HT2A partial agonists,
         | meaning LSD, psilocybin, DMT and analogs like bufotenin, and
         | mescaline, from a pharmacological perspective. See:
         | 
         | (LSD, mescaline, psilocybin)
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5756147/
         | 
         | (DMT) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9768567/
         | 
         | Ketamine and MDMA in contrast act through different pathways,
         | the former being a dissociative anaesthetic acting via the NMDA
         | receptor, and MDMA acting as much via dopamine receptors
         | (though unlike other amphetamines, it also increases serotonin
         | levels significantly). In popular use, these are so-called
         | party drugs, and users often have no idea what they're taking
         | (amphetamines and ketamine have been commonly sold as MDMA). I
         | don't know why they've been lumped in with true psychedelics so
         | frequently, but they're much more likely to be used
         | recreationally as a replacement for alcohol, cocaine, etc.
         | 
         | Secondly, I think naive users should be aware that the true
         | psychedelics are indeed dangerous if not treated with caution
         | and respect, in the same sense that a motorcycle is. Drive a
         | motorcycle too fast, bad things happen. Ingesting a large
         | amount of psychedelics is similar. There are at least two
         | particular dangers: immediately, a psychedelic overdose leaves
         | the user ambulatory, so they can end up falling off cliffs,
         | walking into traffic, and otherwise oblivious to dangerous
         | situations. Secondly, some people have traumatic responses to
         | very large doses of psychedelics that can take months to
         | recover from (dissociation from reality, paranoia, etc.).
         | 
         | Still, I think these drugs can be immensely beneficial and
         | people should be able to access them, much as people should be
         | able to drive motorcycles. Perhaps one solution is that they
         | should only be supplied in low dosage packaging (aka microdose
         | amounts), such that people don't accidentally take large doses
         | with the common unfortunate consequences. It's generally not a
         | good idea to think of them as 'recreational' either, although
         | many people are going to use them that way.
        
           | jokowueu wrote:
           | What a weird thing to gatekeep.
           | 
           | What you have mentioned are called classic psychadelics .
           | 
           | Something being a psychadelic has nothing to do with it's
           | pathways.
           | 
           | Let's take a look at the definition .
           | 
           | Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose
           | primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary mental states
           | (known as psychedelic experiences or psychedelic "trips")
           | and/or an apparent expansion of consciousness
           | 
           | This fits ketamine perfectly, I have tried many substances
           | and ketamine is one of the most powerful substances I have
           | tried .
        
             | photochemsyn wrote:
             | Prolonged fasting and meditation can generate non-ordinary
             | mental states (which you could call psychedelic trips if
             | you like) but the mechanism and the effects are not the
             | same. When it comes to psychoactive compounds,
             | classification matters a lot, at least from a
             | pharmacological perspective. For example, MDMA dependency
             | is a lot more likely than LSD dependency from an abuse
             | perspective as it hits the dopamine reward circuitry in the
             | brain, and this is generally true of all the tryptamine-
             | class psychedelics.
             | 
             | As far as ketamine, it's an organochlorine compound whose
             | regular use is associated with liver and urinary toxicity,
             | I can't believe anyone who knows about this would want to
             | take it regularly or recreationally.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketamine
        
               | jokowueu wrote:
               | You can't call prolonged fasting or meditation a
               | psychadelic because it doesn't fit the the definition
               | neither having a abuse potential or a compound that
               | causes damage .
               | 
               | The definition exists , if you want to create a new word
               | for it you can go ahead .
        
           | pcthrowaway wrote:
           | Just because they act through different pathways doesn't mean
           | they're not psychedelics.
           | 
           | They're not Tryptamines, sure, but they _are_ psychedelic
           | even if they act differently from  "classical hallucinogens"
           | (to borrow a similarly strange term I've read in scientific
           | literature).
           | 
           | Salvia is also not a 5-HT2A agonist, does that mean it's not
           | a psychedelic?
        
         | cies wrote:
         | The categories law has for drugs suck, psychs dont need a new
         | category, they simply need to be unscheduled. Like daffodils.
        
         | asimpletune wrote:
         | > Happy to talk more about the history of psychedelics.
         | 
         | Do you know anything in the way of a connection between
         | psychedelics and the Eleusinian Mysteries?
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleusinian_Mysteries
        
         | ttctciyf wrote:
         | I'm curious why you're dissatisfied with the organically
         | arrived at "folk taxonomic" category: _psychedelics_. Are you
         | looking for a new classification in law?
        
           | JadeNB wrote:
           | The article specifically refers not just to the cultural, but
           | also to the legal and medical, thinking about psychedelics.
        
             | ttctciyf wrote:
             | From the article:
             | 
             | > this new landscape demands more than just new laws. It
             | also requires a new category for psychedelics. Are they
             | recreational drugs? Are they medicines? Are they religious
             | sacraments?
             | 
             | I'm asking why we can't just answer this question with
             | "They are psychedelics".
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | Because legally, that's as meaningful as saying "they are
               | quooquaquams".
               | 
               | The entire point of categorizing them is to answer
               | questions around:
               | 
               | - Should they be sold to take recreationally, like
               | tobacco and alcohol? Should there be limits, like tobacco
               | packaging and taxes, or rules similar to drunk driving?
               | 
               | - Or should they only be prescribed by doctors for mental
               | health reasons, and not allowed recreationally or in
               | religious ceremonies?
               | 
               | - Or should there be exceptions for certain religious
               | ceremonies as well? Is this open to anyone (so Catholics
               | can invent a ceremony) or only ones that have
               | traditionally used it? Does it require licensing or
               | authorization?
               | 
               | By categorizing them, we come to answers on these
               | questions. If they fit into existing categories, we don't
               | have to write many new laws except to state the
               | categories. Or if we decide they don't fit into existing
               | categories, we come up with a new category with its own
               | set of answers and new laws to write, but part of this
               | whole process is determining if that's necessary or not.
               | And even if it is, the name of the label may not be
               | "psychadelics" because we realize there's another set of
               | non-psychadelic compounds that make sense to be included
               | as well (e.g. empathogens like MDMA).
        
               | PragmaticPulp wrote:
               | > Because legally, that's as meaningful as saying "they
               | are quooquaquams".
               | 
               | I don't see how this is at all equivalent, given that
               | "psychedelics" is a well-known term that can be found
               | throughout decades of literature and that gibberish word
               | you just made up has no attached meaning.
               | 
               | If you're equating random gibberish words to well-known
               | words in literature then why does anything have any
               | meaning? Why would a new word have meaning?
               | 
               | Regardless, the laws generally don't refer to
               | "psychedelics", they refer to specific chemicals by their
               | name. There are numerous compounds that would be
               | considered psychedelics that are, nevertheless, not
               | illegal because they're not covered by any laws
               | (including analog acts)
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | Because the term found through decades of literature
               | isn't attached to legal categories, as I explained. It's
               | the same way the term "drug" doesn't have much legal
               | distinction, as I can't think of any legal commonalities
               | spanning coffee, alcohol, Lipitor, cannabis, and heroin.
               | 
               | > _Regardless, the laws... refer to specific chemicals by
               | their name._
               | 
               | Not directly, very often. I doubt there's any specific
               | law around Lipitor. Rather, drugs are grouped into
               | categories and then the laws that permit or restrict them
               | are mostly around those categories. Otherwise it would
               | all be incredibly redundant (with exceptions for certain
               | incredibly common drugs like alcohol). And the question
               | here is how to categorize pyschadelics for legal
               | purposes. And saying that we just call them psychadelics
               | answers as many legal questions as saying we call them
               | quooquaquams -- i.e. zero.
        
               | shwaj wrote:
               | Why can't "psychedelics" be the name for the category?
        
               | seabird wrote:
               | Because that's not how controlled substances are grouped
               | and regulated, and for good reason.
        
               | anigbrowl wrote:
               | Then maybe it's the controlled substance administration
               | that's wrong. Seriously, what level of hubris does it
               | take to think that natural substances like psilocybin
               | mushrooms which have existed for millions of years must
               | be brought under the control of a polity's legislature?
               | It's like declaring sharks or snakes illegal because they
               | give some people nightmares. Future generations will
               | laugh in disbelief at this idiocy.
        
               | scns wrote:
               | How did drugs become illegal? Check out the documentary
               | series Hooked. Short answer: Racism and corruption.
               | 
               | [addendum]
               | 
               | Marijuana and Methamphetamine:
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZvGtn8RzF0U&list=PL2-GCln
               | 73g...
               | 
               | Ecstasy, LSD & the Raves:
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3id6j6nJmlo&list=PL2-GCln
               | 73g...
               | 
               | Opium, Morphine and Heroin:
               | 
               | https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2ocqwm
        
               | seabird wrote:
               | I don't know what you're getting at here. We're not
               | talking about values. We're talking about why the word
               | "psychedelics" is a worthless term as far as the law is
               | concerned.
               | 
               | From a values standpoint, I don't see how it would be
               | idiotic to schedule truly dangerous drugs like 25i-NBOMe
               | more strictly than psilocybin or LSD.
        
               | krispyfi wrote:
               | 25i-NBOMe isn't "truly dangerous". It's only dangerous if
               | mistaken for LSD and dosed carelessly, so rather than
               | scheduling it more strictly, there should be strict
               | requirements for accurate labeling and consistent dosing,
               | like every other drug.
        
               | seabird wrote:
               | It is straight up dangerous. 5x a common dose of _< 1mg_
               | can kill you. Nobody that can actually execute on
               | properly dosing it will expose themselves to the
               | liability of doing so.
               | 
               | Drugs are cool and interesting, go ahead and do them, but
               | trying to pretend that something like 25i-NBOMe is
               | something that Joe Average will safely deal with is,
               | frankly, pretty fucking stupid. This conversation is
               | constantly approached with this idea that everybody is a
               | reasonable, informed person that is fully educated on the
               | risks, but that's just not how this works.
        
               | squirtlebonflow wrote:
               | Well, that's an interesting idea. 20x a common dose of
               | acetaminophen, an extremely pervasive, legal, over the
               | counter painkiller, can kill you. Less can kill a child.
               | Lots of drugs contain it, such as over the counter cough
               | medicine.
               | 
               | People legitimately die or become seriously ill every
               | year because they don't know this.
               | 
               | Granted, 5x is a lot different than 20x especially when a
               | drug is taken for recreation rather than necessity. I've
               | never done 25i-NBOMe, but it's my understanding that it's
               | easy to overdose because a method of administration is
               | blotter paper and people think they're taking LSD.
               | 
               | In our current world, when you get prescription drugs for
               | the first time, you are provided with information about
               | risks. Over the counter medicine, you aren't.
               | 
               | In my ideal world, if you wanted to do a recreational
               | drug and it had risks like this, you'd have to complete a
               | drug education course and obtain a prescription, you'd be
               | provided with phone numbers for services like overdosing
               | or mental health, specific to the drugs you're planning
               | on doing, and dosage would be easy because medical
               | professionals are doing it in a lab before they sell it
               | to you.
               | 
               | The average Joe would much rather do drugs that they know
               | are manufactured correctly, not adulterated or cut with
               | other substances, where the dose is measured accurately,
               | and where if something goes wrong they have a
               | professional to help them, even if it means they have to
               | pay a bit more than the black market - which will surely
               | still exist.
               | 
               | And if someone goes through the black market and does
               | because they did a drug that is now legal, and they
               | didn't know the correct dose? Sad, but that's on them
        
               | seabird wrote:
               | Acetaminophen has a poor safety profile and I wish they
               | would take it off the market, and that's a drug where the
               | danger is in taking 10+ fairly large capsules of it
               | instead of 1. The difference between normal 25i-NBOMe
               | usage and fatal usage can be as small as putting a 1x1cm
               | piece of paper in your mouth vs putting a 1x3cm piece of
               | paper in your mouth.
               | 
               | I agree with your ideal world. The point of my original
               | comment was that making no distinction between something
               | like 25i-NBOMe and something like LSD, calling them
               | psychedelics, and regulating them as such just isn't a
               | good idea. I am _not_ claiming that you should go to jail
               | for having or using them.
        
               | krispyfi wrote:
               | Nobody that can actually execute on properly dosing it
               | will expose themselves to the liability of doing so.
               | 
               | Nobody? Um, I'm right here? I bought a 0.1ml pipette back
               | in the day for the precise purpose of safely dosing
               | 25X-NBOMes volumetrically, rather than by mass.
               | 
               | And I'm not the only one. Hamilton Morris[0],
               | Nervewing[1], and many others on forums such as
               | Bluelight[2] write about their positive 25X-NBOMe
               | experiences.                 trying to pretend that
               | something like 25i-NBOMe is something that Joe Average
               | will safely deal with
               | 
               | Of course it's dangerous for Joe Average to use NBOMes.
               | It's also dangerous for Joe Average to buy a dodgy
               | parachute off of the dark web and do amateur skydiving.
               | That doesn't mean we should ban skydiving and put Joe
               | (and capable skydivers!) in prison. Skydiving is actually
               | quite "safe", with fewer than 8 fatalities per million
               | jumps, but I put "safe" in quotes, because it is not
               | skydiving that is inherently safe or dangerous, but
               | rather it is the way that skydiving has been incorporated
               | into society to manage its risks that is safe.
               | 
               | I take issue with the entire punitive premise of this
               | discussion, namely, that substances should be placed on a
               | continuum from safe to dangerous, or good to bad, or
               | "soft" to "hard", so that we can determine how harshly to
               | punish people who possess them. If anything, drugs should
               | be regulated, not prohibited, and they should be
               | categorized in such a way as to make clear the risks they
               | present and how to mitigate them. Under such a scheme,
               | you wouldn't even need to ban anything, because why would
               | Joe Average futz around with something obscure like
               | 25I-NBOMe when familiar LSD is available from the corner
               | smart shop along with a pamphlet explaining how to use it
               | properly? Why does everyone's mind immediately leap to a
               | carceral solution?
               | 
               | [0] https://www.reddit.com/r/researchchemicals/comments/v
               | 1oz4j/h... [1]
               | https://nervewing.blogspot.com/2014/05/25c-nbome.html [2]
               | https://bluelight.org/xf/threads/the-big-dandy-25i-nbome-
               | thr...
        
               | seabird wrote:
               | My point on liability isn't about your personal tolerance
               | for risk and confidence in your own work on a n=1 scale,
               | it's about whether or not you would be comfortable doing
               | that work for thousands of other people with the
               | understanding that a very minor fuck up results in
               | somebody being dead.
               | 
               | To be clear, I'm with you on the idea that all drugs
               | should be legal. I don't believe in scheduling drugs to
               | determine sentencing. I do believe in scheduling drugs
               | according to the odds that Joe Schmoe will bungle the
               | usage of them, in an attempt to steer people who aren't
               | doing a an appropriate amount of research toward largely
               | physiologically safe/well understood options.
        
               | ttctciyf wrote:
               | So, short answer, "yes a legal category is what's being
               | asked for".
               | 
               | Got it.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | Is there a downside to totally deregulating them?
        
               | ikekkdcjkfke wrote:
               | Ocean Gate
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | Is there a downside to deregulating them? (Like
               | supplements.)
        
               | lbotos wrote:
               | Possibly more psychotic episodes from more folks who took
               | too much? (I'm pro de-criminalization, not sure if I'm
               | all the way to deregulation)
        
               | anigbrowl wrote:
               | Administrators stop trying to control every aspect of
               | people's lives challenge 2023
        
               | bozhark wrote:
               | There is not licensing or authorization for religion.
               | 
               | There is no application for approval required to be a
               | "church", ie: religion.
               | 
               | Thinking there could be some "authority" for a religious
               | institution's practices is beyond measure.
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | There absolutely is both for tax purposes as well as for
               | legal religious exemptions.
               | 
               | You can't just arbitrarily call your house a church to
               | avoid paying property taxes. Government authorities have
               | to make decisions all the time over what they deem to be
               | a legitimate religious organization.
               | 
               | You obviously don't need a license or authorization to
               | engage in otherwise legal religious practice, but as soon
               | as you want legal exemptions, the government most
               | certainly has a say. And the ritual consumption of
               | otherwise illegal drugs couldn't be a more perfect
               | example.
        
               | ImPostingOnHN wrote:
               | _> You obviously don 't need a license or authorization
               | to engage in otherwise legal religious practice_
               | 
               | by this logic, the government could make illegal any
               | other religious practice (in addition to psychedelic
               | usage), because then the practice isn't "otherwise legal"
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | refurb wrote:
               | Many drugs are already all of those.
               | 
               | Opioids are both recreational drugs and medicines.
               | 
               | Peyote is a recreational drug and religious sacrament.
               | 
               | This seems to ignore this fact.
        
           | EdwardDiego wrote:
           | In my country, LSD, mescaline, magic mushrooms, and DMT, are
           | class A controlled substances, same as methamphetamine,
           | cocaine, heroin and fentanyl.
           | 
           | Class A being drugs that pose a "very high risk of harm".
           | Which, you know, if I could post comments on our legislation,
           | I'd be adding a bunch of "[citation needed]"s in that list of
           | substances that apparently have a very high risk of harm.
           | 
           | And like other jurisdictions, there's some real bloody
           | oddities in the law in this area.
           | 
           | E.g., a man was charged for importing 18kg of DMT when he
           | ordered 18kg of Mimosa tenuiflora root bark online, as the
           | bark isn't explicitly handled in law as a prohibited plant
           | like Coca leaf (class C, far lower severity of sentencing)
           | and Papaver somniferum (class B), so it falls through to the
           | default of "any substance containing a class A controlled
           | substance is also class A".
           | 
           | So he could get life in prison, like he imported 18kg of
           | fentanyl.
           | 
           | Hopefully the sentencing judge is reasonable, but the fact
           | that he's facing the same penalty for 18kg of bark that
           | contains about 1 - 2% DMT as you would for importing enough
           | fentanyl to kill 9 million people shows that our law is a bit
           | of an ass.
        
             | bryanrasmussen wrote:
             | This is the same way that one weighs LSD that is on paper,
             | unfortunately. Thus a lot of paper with very little LSD on
             | it is worse than a little bit of paper with a lot of LSD on
             | it.
        
               | funnymony wrote:
               | Could you elaborate? Why is it so?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | bryanrasmussen wrote:
               | Supreme court ruled
               | 
               | https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1996/01/2
               | 3/s...
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | codetrotter wrote:
               | Seems that at least parts of the US government has
               | realised that carrier medium weight should not be used
               | for LSD.
               | 
               | > In the case of LSD on a carrier medium (e.g., a sheet
               | of blotter paper), do not use the weight of the
               | LSD/carrier medium. Instead, treat each dose of LSD on
               | the carrier medium as equal to 0.4 mg of LSD for the
               | purposes of the Drug Quantity Table.
               | 
               | https://www.ussc.gov/guidelines/amendment/488
        
               | tl_donson wrote:
               | 400 mg per dose is still probably overestimating by quite
               | a bit.
        
               | bryanrasmussen wrote:
               | huh, ok, it seems like things have changed some time in
               | the last 27 years https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/
               | politics/1996/01/23/s...
        
               | codetrotter wrote:
               | > brushed aside a U.S. Sentencing Commission rule
               | establishing a uniform presumptive weight of 0.4
               | milligrams for all doses of LSD, regardless of the
               | carrier.
               | 
               | Oof :(
        
               | bryanrasmussen wrote:
               | yeah, so now I wonder which it is. Of course it will also
               | depend on the state I guess.
        
             | saiya-jin wrote:
             | We had/have case back home in our rather primitive country
             | re this, where former professional athlete started having
             | joint issues in later age. He started growing hemp/weed for
             | his own use, I guess he crossed 0.7% threshold for THC. He
             | made ointments and tinctures for him, and you can't do that
             | with 1 plant, not for serious use during whole year.
             | 
             | They caught him, and they are trying him like some mob
             | kingpin, facing decades in jail and IIRC he got such
             | sentence. EU country. Former olympic representant of our
             | country, self medicating since current medicine can't treat
             | him well enough.
             | 
             | Kill a person in cold blood, rape a child or two and you
             | get maybe 1/3rd of that sentence. Fuck that place, never
             | coming back.
        
               | ThePowerOfFuet wrote:
               | But yet no name-and-shame for the country?
        
             | andromeduck wrote:
             | Doesn't DMT also naturally exist? So lidke any time you buy
             | a live anim you're buying DMT.
        
               | spurgu wrote:
               | It exists in many different plants and also in a few
               | animals, for example the Colorado River toad.
        
             | asah wrote:
             | He was convicted and sentenced with 7 months home
             | detention.
             | 
             | https://www.stuff.co.nz/marlborough-express/editors-
             | picks/87...
        
               | EdwardDiego wrote:
               | Nicely done judge.
               | 
               | But it's still ridiculous that he pleaded guilty to a
               | charge of importing 18kg of DMT, when the results of
               | testing the 18kg of bark he imported were that the "The
               | bark contained 0.57 per cent of DMT."
               | 
               | So, about 103 grams of DMT, assuming 100% efficiency in
               | extracting it.
        
               | jliptzin wrote:
               | He has plenty of time at home now to extract that DMT
               | efficiently.
        
               | kjkjadksj wrote:
               | This is how the US does drug busts. When the cops bust a
               | weed grow operation, they weight the entire plant root
               | ball and all even if its entirely immature and lacks buds
               | at this stage of growth.
        
         | trollied wrote:
         | Have you ever tried psychedelics yourself?
        
         | kodah wrote:
         | Would it not be more efficient to challenge the evidence behind
         | current scheduling, much less the standards used in scheduling?
         | Trying to work around a system built by corrupt people is a bit
         | like ignoring pests eating your garden and just making a new
         | garden hoping they won't infest that too.
        
           | NtochkaNzvanova wrote:
           | California and other states already showed with marijuana
           | that if you have enough local popular support, you can
           | legalize drugs and the feds will do nothing. This is
           | especially true right now with Democrats in control of the
           | DoJ. In fact, if you look at cities like San Francisco, all
           | drugs are already de facto decriminalized. CA could legalize
           | LSD, psilocybin, MDMA, ketamine, etc. tomorrow.
        
             | kodah wrote:
             | I live in Oregon, all drugs already are decriminalized.
             | That doesn't solve a littany of problems and is progress,
             | but albeit with short term thinking. Passing through states
             | that consider what you can buy for $20 at a mom and pop
             | shop a felony is bit more than just problematic. States
             | passing laws relieves their citizens of pressure, but we
             | still need to move drugs entirely to a states right or we
             | need to correct the federal record.
             | 
             | State laws also marginalize people who are bound to federal
             | services eg: veterans using the VA. A veteran cannot get
             | ketamine, psilocybin, MDMA, or LSD based treatments or
             | they'll be confused as an addict and dropped from VA plans.
        
         | jimbob45 wrote:
         | Do you have any data on the level of criminality of those on
         | psychedelics versus a control group?
        
           | taneq wrote:
           | I'd imagine technically it's 100% if you're in a district
           | where possession is criminalized.
        
       | nborwankar wrote:
       | To properly categorize these drugs we need to _expand our
       | thinking_. Hmmm :-)
        
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