[HN Gopher] We raised a bunch of money
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       We raised a bunch of money
        
       Author : charliermarsh
       Score  : 555 points
       Date   : 2023-06-28 14:18 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (fly.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (fly.io)
        
       | yieldcrv wrote:
       | so I'm guessing Vercel and Netlify deploy cloud functions only to
       | the "least worst datacenter"?
       | 
       | while Fly.io deploys compute instances to more regions and also
       | has a database?
       | 
       | asking because I've been content with Vercel and Netlify's CDN
       | for frontend assets and simply stopped doing system design around
       | relational storage, when I want to stay on a free tier.
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | We're a full stack platform, most frequently compared to Heroku
         | --- a place you'd run a Rails, Elixir, or Django app.
        
           | yieldcrv wrote:
           | can you elaborate on a comparison to existing offerings?
           | 
           | Heroku has been handicapped for nearly half a decade, there
           | are a lot of people that already know of alternatives and
           | have changed their system design to accommodate the
           | alternatives. How does Fly.io fit in with Vercel, or Netlify?
           | As opposed to people keeping their Heroku apps on life
           | support
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | Vercel (for instance) does pure serverless --- you
             | configure "functions" that are invoked by their
             | orchestrator --- that are all Javascript, or compiled to
             | JS/WASM.
             | 
             | Fly.io takes Docker containers, turns them into VMs, and
             | lets you decide where and when to have them running.
             | 
             | One isn't better than the other; they're just totally
             | different models for hosting applications. The Fly.io model
             | is much closer to what Heroku did, just modernized (with
             | Docker, edge deployments, the `fly-proxy`, etc).
        
         | jondwillis wrote:
         | No, with Vercel at least you can choose other "primary" data
         | centers than northern Virginia. I haven't used Netlify for a
         | few years so I can't speak to that.
        
         | PKop wrote:
         | More languages is the bigger difference... also not just cloud
         | functions but full servers.
        
       | dools wrote:
       | Have you had a crack at making VoIP call quality better globally?
       | It's one of those things you can't cache but I bet there are
       | still some fancy things you can do to speed it up.
        
         | MH15 wrote:
         | Fly.io does VoIP calling?
        
       | h_mirin wrote:
       | I like fly.io because it's just (much) better Heroku.
       | 
       | I also liked Heroku, so it's sad to see their status now.
        
         | unshavedyak wrote:
         | I'm looking to deploy a $5/m DigitalOcean server (single
         | binary) to run a simple HTTP[s] server, with persistent
         | sqlite/fs and backed up via braindead rsync to my local system.
         | 
         | Is fly competitive with this? These sorts of calculations are
         | always awkward for me with PaaS providers. I know what i'm
         | getting with $5/m with DO, but with PaaS it often feels
         | abstracted and sneaky. Heroku in my very, very old memory was a
         | continual set of asterisks.. but i'm probably being unfair and
         | PTSD'y.
         | 
         | Think i should give Fly a look? I at least find their SQLite
         | features super interesting
        
           | tennis_80 wrote:
           | I'm not the person you're replying to but I'd say so.
           | 
           | Under $5/month you pay nothing at the moment.
           | 
           | https://fly.io/docs/about/pricing/
           | 
           | You need to look at the following for pricing:
           | 
           | - Compute
           | 
           | - Volumes (attached SSD, one per compute instance) -
           | $0.15/GB/month.
           | 
           | - Bandwidth - if you go over 160GB you have to pay per GB.
           | 
           | Gut feel, ~$5/month should be fine for a small project as
           | long as you're not storing loads of data or doing something
           | that requires lots of bandwidth.
           | 
           | If your project is used irregularly and HTTP based, you can
           | also scale compute down to 0 machines. It'll boot up again
           | when you get a HTTP request. In my experience it took ~3s or
           | so to boot up a NestJS app on a small VM, totally acceptable
           | for a dev environment.
        
             | unshavedyak wrote:
             | Any idea if there are price caps? That's one thing i like
             | about "dumb simple" machines is i'm paying for the machine,
             | if it gets traffic and dies i still only pay $5/m. I'm not
             | trying to build facebook, it's okay if it dies.
        
           | mrkurt wrote:
           | A 1GB Fly machine is ~$5.70/mo (we charge by the second, some
           | months are better than others).
           | 
           | Persistent volumes are $0.15/gb each.
           | 
           | Not too far off, depending on how much data you have.
           | _However_ the platform has different tradeoffs than a single
           | DigitalOcean VM. You 'll get better uptime percentages on a
           | single DO VM than you will on a single VM Fly app. You may
           | not notice, but it's statistically true.
        
             | unshavedyak wrote:
             | Does Fly handle price caps? Ie to setup pricing to
             | replicate ~$5/m behavior. Helping to ensure i can't use up
             | all my ~$5/m budget in a few days of traffic, but i also
             | can't go over some specified cap.
             | 
             | If so i'll probably give it a try!
             | 
             |  _edit_ : Regardless, going to give it a try. I was totally
             | set on just using DO because i wanted something dumb and
             | simple. This sounds like it might offer me that, plus not
             | having to manage the OS. I really, really like that if i
             | can keep pricing similar.
             | 
             | Bandwidth costs might become a concern, but i can always
             | migrate to DO/etc if needed. Hopefully not, hah.
             | 
             |  _edit2_ : Looks like Fly has pre-paid billing[1], though
             | i'm unclear if i can replicate the functionality i'm asking
             | about. In this case i'd need a prepaid limit _and_ a
             | subscription to fill pre-paid with $N once a month.
             | 
             | Prepaid by itself is at least something, if nothing else
             | exists. Just super annoying if you forget to add money.
             | 
             | [1]: https://community.fly.io/t/can-i-set-a-billing-limit-
             | per-mon...
        
           | doublepg23 wrote:
           | I ran fly for a six months and it went from free to $10/mo
           | and I still don't know why.
           | 
           | I'd say if static pricing is important to you stick with DO.
        
             | unshavedyak wrote:
             | Some variation is okay, but boy do i need pricing caps. I
             | might give it a try just for security (not managing the
             | OS), but if there's no caps.. oof.
        
               | doublepg23 wrote:
               | I'm unaware if there's caps, the pricing just seemed
               | opaque to me due to poor monitoring tools.
               | 
               | Security wise, Ubuntu LTS with unattended upgrades and
               | livepatch is likely better than 99% of public facing
               | servers.
        
               | unshavedyak wrote:
               | Huh, i'll have to look into that. I'm not aware of
               | unattended upgrades. Though i still value not risking a
               | messed up config leaking data by way of ssh access, or
               | something.
        
         | danpalmer wrote:
         | This is the biggest draw for me. I don't have a need for Fly at
         | the moment, like I have not needed Heroku most of the time, but
         | its got strong mindshare for me. Heroku was basically great,
         | and apart from not quite keeping up with modern practices and
         | having recent outages, it's still otherwise a great UX. Fly
         | feels like that but updated for the modern age.
        
       | gizmo wrote:
       | Okay so they raised 100m which means they need to work towards a
       | 1bn exit. And if they want to keep their momentum going their r&d
       | cost will go through the roof. Because they have to build the
       | whole stack and it all has to be rock solid (eventually). It's an
       | immense engineering effort.
       | 
       | I get how this looks profitable on paper, because Fly charges for
       | compute, and hardware and bandwidth are cheap. But the real
       | expense is r&d, marketing and SBC and those will rule out
       | profitability at any scale. These are not one-time expenses. You
       | have to keep spending forever or your customers will leave. We've
       | seen this time and time again. Heroku isn't the only example.
       | It's the tragedy of platform/infra startups.
        
         | dadrian wrote:
         | That's backwards. Profitability at scale is about the _only_
         | way for a cloud provider to be profitable. There's a reason you
         | don't see a bunch of small cloud providers, the economics only
         | work at scale.
        
           | gizmo wrote:
           | Platform companies can't scale by just getting more of the
           | type of customers they already have. They scale by getting
           | bigger and more demanding customers. Those customers will
           | expect the things AWS and the other big cloud platforms
           | already offer. And then R&D expenses explode. The bigger they
           | get the higher R&D will be. In absolute numbers and relative
           | to revenue.
           | 
           | Yes, it's true that if you become as big as AWS then economy
           | of scale starts to work in your favor again. But that outcome
           | is so unlikely it's not worth thinking about. The realistic
           | best case outcome is that they become a mid-sized cloud
           | provider, like Digital Ocean. And Digital Ocean, in business
           | for 11 years and having raised 500m (pre IPO) is still losing
           | money. Linode, after 20 years of struggle, ultimately gave up
           | and sold for $900m last year. Even the best case outcome
           | looks pretty bleak.
        
             | nik736 wrote:
             | Linode "gave up" with a 900M exit? How is that negative.
        
               | esafak wrote:
               | That's not even a billion dollars! If you round down,
               | it's zero billion!
        
       | stephen wrote:
       | I really like their acknowledgement that they expected to be used
       | for game/edge caching/etc, but in reality everyone is using them
       | as a new Heroku to deploy Rails+PG crud apps.
       | 
       | Afaiu they're asserting their next goal is to make edge-ify-ing
       | Rails+PG apps trivial / a "two hour problem".
       | 
       | That's pretty bold...historically that's required very
       | app/framework/domain-specific concerns/coupling around "what's
       | the best way (if possible) to shard this domain model", and
       | solving it as PaaS/IaaS basically means writing/running a
       | distributed CloudSQL / Aurora.
       | 
       | Which I guess if it's "just" running an Aurora clone/neon
       | seamlessly in their stack, that seems doable/achievable + very
       | worthwhile as a value-add/product.
        
       | GGO wrote:
       | Fly.io might be an underdog now, but they will come out on top in
       | 5~6 years when most of the small to medium size businesses will
       | be running on it.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | In 3-4 years they will announce a merger.
        
       | turbobooster wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | AndrewKemendo wrote:
       | Will you be publishing a follow up blog post about how you're
       | increasing API user fees once you've monopolized your particular
       | market? Or how about how you'll be increasing margins for
       | investors in 5 years as you prepare for your IPO?
       | 
       | Why won't you suffer the fate of every single other tech company
       | that raises a shit load of money which is completely and
       | irrevocably selling out any pretense of being beneficial for
       | customers and employees (primarily) in the extreme long term?
       | 
       | My new heuristic is that I avoid every single company that raises
       | venture funding. Hopefully others adopt this heuristic because by
       | raising tons of money, so you are explicitly creating an
       | adversarial relationship between the customers/users and your
       | investors so everyone but your founding team and investors in the
       | long term is worse off.
       | 
       | Edit: I've been a HN power user since 2012 - don't ask me why I'm
       | here.
        
         | NicoJuicy wrote:
         | Cloudflare is going for market share in the cloud.
         | 
         | Pretty safe bet that they'll stay cheap for a long time because
         | of that.
         | 
         | Because outside of tech innovation, cost is still a mayor
         | selling point.
        
         | samtho wrote:
         | Further, it seems like these highly integrated "app platforms
         | as a service" have been the primary type of dev tool that VCs
         | are drawn too given the complete vendor lock in they
         | provide/demand. It worked for squarespace, wix, Shopify, et al.
         | Vercel has a softer sell on this, and firebase was one of the
         | first to offer a fully managed database in this space.
         | 
         | My hot take is that these platforms are relying on an influx of
         | new developers who need a friction free way to build and deploy
         | applications to learn and showcase while selling to companies
         | that don't have time or budget to create a full dev team and
         | CI/CD environment, creating both sides of supply and demand.
         | Pricing is engineered in a way such that it gets very expensive
         | the moment before companies notice how much cost it incurs but
         | the cost to switch aways is much higher.
         | 
         | I agree with the heuristic of avoiding VC-backed products, it
         | fosters incentives that often leave otherwise loyal customers
         | holding the bag for a product who price does not match the
         | service provided. It is for this reason I consider high vendor-
         | lock-in products rather insidious.
        
         | kunalgupta wrote:
         | So like which products do you use, then?
        
           | cj wrote:
           | A lot of companies are bootstrapped or "seed-strapped".
           | 
           | My company raised a $1.2m seed after doing a startup
           | accelerator in 2015, used it to get to profitability, and
           | we've been growing 40% YoY for a very long time without any
           | additional outside capital.
           | 
           | It's also a huge selling point to prospective employees while
           | interviewing candidates: "Unlike many other startups, we
           | haven't raised lots of money, we're profitable, we've never
           | done lay offs. That's all possible because we have product
           | market fit and we have a sustainable business model. Our
           | customers (rather than VCs) fund our growth."
           | 
           | Personally, I really like the "seed strapped" model... raise
           | 1-2 million in order to find PMF and begin an early
           | sales/marketing function with the goal of reaching
           | profitability before the $1-2 million is burned through. It
           | also creates a short window to fail fast... lots of companies
           | raised way too much money and will end up failing very
           | slowly.
           | 
           | "Failing very slowly" is what should be avoided.
           | 
           | Raising huge amounts of VC is a signal the company couldn't
           | sustain their growth with their current revenue and operating
           | model. It's also a signal that the company is likely using
           | inorganic / unscalable tactics to grow, which might work now
           | but won't work forever. That means the company will likely
           | pivot their model at some point (from an employee
           | perspective, that means higher risk of lay offs, and from a
           | customer perspective, that means higher risk of price hikes
           | in the future, etc)
        
             | coder9874 wrote:
             | This is an entirely valid model, and many startups would be
             | better served by following it. Still, the whole point of
             | (larger) VC funding rounds is facilitate rapid growth, far
             | more than 40% year over year. There's no contradiction
             | between embracing bootstrapping/seedstrapping where it
             | works, and VC funding for the cases with hyper-growth
             | potential.
        
         | tedmiston wrote:
         | > Why won't you suffer the fate of every single other tech
         | company that raises a shit load of money which is completely
         | and irrevocably selling out any pretense of being beneficial
         | for customers and employees (primarily) in the extreme long
         | term?
         | 
         | To be fair, the _fate_ of most of them is actually to fail.
         | Hence this amplified effect of _why_ VCs need such a standout
         | massive return to make the fund model work.
         | 
         | That said, while it seems like it to us normal folk, in the
         | grand scheme of VC, $25M is not really "a bunch of money". In
         | 2021, a16z led or co-lead $3.2B [1] in funding rounds. I can't
         | find a publicly available stat for how many rounds that
         | entailed, but napkin math says 100-300. Of course the
         | distribution is not linear, but if we take the 200 investments
         | midpoint, that's a $16M check on average.
         | 
         | The additional $70M here follow-on is the real story. It looks
         | like they are not giving it a label, though Crunchbase lists
         | the $25M from a16z a year ago as Series B, so I'm inclined to
         | call this new round the Series C.
         | 
         | > My new heuristic is that I avoid every single company that
         | raises venture funding.
         | 
         | IMO tech, startups at least, are not long-minded like this in
         | general. Companies regularly come and go in 6-24 months. Good
         | luck convincing the current and next waves of CTOs of not using
         | venture-backed tech [that saves them tons of time for great
         | prices right now]. And then portcos also often make deals with
         | other portcos... the cycle feeds itslef in more ways than one.
         | 
         | It's like trying to change the color of the ocean with one
         | single cup of red dye. At the end of the day, this is just a
         | rounding error.
         | 
         | But also, Big Tech will end up acquiring many of the standouts
         | a la Firebase or Heroku. Resisting the model won't upend or
         | stop it.
         | 
         | [1]: https://news.crunchbase.com/liquidity/under-the-hood-a-
         | decad...
        
         | rco8786 wrote:
         | > My new heuristic is that I avoid every single company that
         | raises venture funding.
         | 
         | What about posting on a forum owned and operated by a venture
         | firm?
         | 
         | Do you use Google? Slack? Facebook? The list of venture backed
         | tech firms is endless.
         | 
         | I don't even disagree with the general sentiment...but your
         | resolution seems particularly short-sighted.
        
           | tjoff wrote:
           | > _Do you use Google? Slack? Facebook? The list of venture
           | backed tech firms is endless._
           | 
           | Not a convincing list of companies there...
        
             | rco8786 wrote:
             | I chose those because they are ubiquitous and downright
             | _hard_ to avoid. What do you want to bet OP made that post
             | on a Chrome browser? Or an Android /iPhone/Macbook? Is
             | there even a way to purchase a computer of any sort that
             | doesn't involve supporting a venture backed company? The
             | list of venture backed companies is so long, it would be
             | exhaustive if not impossible to avoid using them without
             | going off grid.
             | 
             | How many venture backed companies do you think are involved
             | just in me pressing the "reply" button to send this post?
        
               | tjoff wrote:
               | Sure, but that just reinforces the idea to not support
               | them in the beginning?
        
         | tlogan wrote:
         | It is true but that is life.
         | 
         | Consider this perspective: Users of Fly.io are essentially
         | getting a loan from venture capitalists. However, just like any
         | loan, it has to be repaid eventually. Thus, it's prudent not to
         | take on an excessively large commitment.
        
         | autonomousErwin wrote:
         | I think It's actually quite a beneficial pattern for the likes
         | of the consumer and the founders.
         | 
         | Say Fly will eventually get acquired or IPO, their founders
         | will justify it that they could use that money to work on Fly's
         | mission statement or if they've had their fill of servers go on
         | to build further startups in Fusion, AI, or Space Technologies
         | or even give to charity (take your pick).
         | 
         | When they do get acquired/IPO the natural bureaucracy of large
         | organisations and shift in incentives will set in (we've been
         | here before with Heroku/Salesforce and SendGrid/Twilio...) and
         | they'll become slow, more risk-averse, and ultimately less
         | innovative catering for enterprise and other large businesses
         | (where the easy corporate money is at) instead of scrappy
         | startups and curious hackers.
         | 
         | This is where Fly 2.0 comes in 5 years down the line reaching
         | No. 1 on Hacker New, where utilising the latest technology
         | they'll create a completely new and innovative solution that
         | will solve the current problem even better than now and they'll
         | start by catering for startups and hackers until they
         | themselves get acquired/IPO.
         | 
         | This doesn't mean it's necessarily a bad thing - founders get a
         | chance to cash out, consumers get cycles of new innovation.
        
           | cloogshicer wrote:
           | Except when you get something like YouTube or the American
           | telcos that have a monopoly/oligopoly and suck all potential
           | for competition out of the space.
        
           | AndrewKemendo wrote:
           | Thank you, you've made my point beautifully for me
           | 
           | Founders and Investors get rich and repeat the whole thing!
           | 
           | Yes tell me how beneficial "cycles of innovation" are to the
           | average person who increasingly can't afford rent or food
           | because _checks notes_ every company is doing this cycle so
           | nobody is getting paid except founders and investors and are
           | increasing profits to a degree that would make usury blush.
           | 
           | So what is the solution!? You too should become a founder and
           | investor so that you aren't getting screwed over anymore! Aka
           | if you can't beat 'em join em ---that old ethical chestnut.
        
         | andy_ppp wrote:
         | I'm not against this, by that point there will be another
         | hosting provider with even cooler features for small companies
         | to make their next startup in.
         | 
         | Fly.io are doing great I think and that they might one day
         | charge more I'm not that upset by it at all. If fly.io can make
         | money at a higher price that means they are adding more value.
         | 
         | I hasten to add you appear to be hanging out on a forum focused
         | on VC funded startups.
        
         | mrkurt wrote:
         | The simple answer is: we sell something people want to pay for
         | (VM time, network services, etc). We'll obviously want to
         | improve our margins over time, but there's a market price for
         | this stuff and we don't have pricing power.
         | 
         | I don't think you can build an interesting public cloud without
         | raising money, unfortunately. At least, not without jumping
         | back in time 25 years and starting then.
        
           | xNeil wrote:
           | Yeah no I have to agree with you on this one. Every company
           | is going to raise prices at one point or another - it might
           | be inflation, it might be profit-chasing, padding for an IPO
           | - whatever.
           | 
           | Just because a startup _might_ raise prices in the future
           | shouldn 't stop you from using their products - with a
           | caveat, that is, how easy it is to shift to another operator.
           | I haven't used fly.io personally, so I don't know about that
           | - could you elaborate on shifting to another provider _just
           | in case_?
        
             | danenania wrote:
             | I can't speak to other features, but if you just want to
             | run docker containers in the cloud, fly is about as close
             | to zero lock-in as it gets.
        
           | Aeolun wrote:
           | > I don't think you can build an interesting public cloud
           | without raising money
           | 
           | Only if your condition is that you want to do it in the next
           | 3 years.
           | 
           | Given 15, I imagine quite a lot is possible.
        
             | mrkurt wrote:
             | I am skeptical that Hetzner or OVH or similar could get off
             | the ground starting in 2023.
             | 
             | There are a couple of things working against a boostrapped
             | public cloud:
             | 
             | First, you gotta buy expensive kit. And then hope you can
             | make your money back over the next 18 months.
             | 
             | Funding this is hard. You could try to borrow money, but
             | that (a) increases your underlying cost and (b) dictates
             | how you sell. You can't borrow money against developer
             | usage / traction because banks don't know how to value
             | that. So you have to do top down sales and land some big,
             | committed customers before you can use debt.
             | 
             | The sales model constrains the product. There is no big,
             | committed customer on the planet that will buy global
             | infrastructure from a company who hasn't built it out yet.
             | So you won't be building a global cloud, you'll end up in
             | one region.
             | 
             | And, no big committed customer is going to buy something
             | novel. They do not care that "fly launch" makes it easy for
             | a dev to launch a new project. They care that they got the
             | best possible pricing when they were shopping for their
             | hardware. They might care that they can run k8s on it.
             | 
             | This is all fine, though. I'm not opposed to it. But I
             | think it leaves you with something that's not as good as
             | AWS, even though it's cheaper.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
             | Sure. And in 15 years you'll have something that might have
             | been relevant 15 years ago.
        
           | hgsgm wrote:
           | Are you offering 5- year rolling guaranteed price caps for
           | your existing customers?
           | 
           | Do you provide a seamless offboarding experience?
           | 
           | Or do you lock in customers?
        
             | mrkurt wrote:
             | We couldn't raise prices for VMs even if we wanted to. You
             | can buy 'em from a million different places.
             | 
             | It's pretty easy to move off, though. `fly launch`
             | generates a Dockerfile you can run pretty much anywhere.
        
         | madeofpalk wrote:
         | Exactly what went through my head when reading
         | 
         | > There are customers who are comfortable engaging with tiny
         | Fly.io, and others who are comfortable engaging with the Fly.io
         | that raised an additional $70MM led by EQT ventures
         | 
         | There's the _other_ kind of customer who sees that  "$70MM led
         | by EQT ventures" is a liability and will inevitably screw over
         | their customers at a later date.
        
           | EGreg wrote:
           | Welcome to shareholder capitalism, extracting rents from all
           | sides of the market perpetually to enrich shareholders. This
           | is why utility tokens were such a big game changer for me.
           | 
           | Consider the economics of decentralized utility tokens vs
           | this shareholder capitalism. The former can help developers
           | make a profit ONCE on the PRIMARY sales, at a predictable
           | rate, and mostly turn the network over to the participants to
           | transact and control. The protocol can stay open and the
           | company no longer has any power to increase rents or piss
           | everyone off by spying on everyone or subverting democracy.
           | So compare, say, Ethereum or IPFS vs something like Twitter
           | or Facebook which are controlled by a small group of people
           | like Elon or Zuck. (My money's on Zuck for the fight btw.)
           | 
           | Let's explore how Facebook got to where it is. Remember Zuck
           | was an open source bro who turned down M$ for $1M and ended
           | up open sourcing Synapse. He built Wirehog, as a
           | decentralized file sharing network.
           | 
           | I was attending TechCrunch Disrupt 2010 in NYC and personally
           | heard Sean Parker speak proudly about how they "put a bullet
           | in that thing" -- because it threatened corporate profits and
           | rent extraction.
           | 
           | Sean Parker learned not to mess with corporate profits, when
           | his company Napster got sued into oblivion by the other "lock
           | up the IP monopoly" industries -- music and movies. MPAA and
           | RIAA. So he started Plaxo and learned to be VC.
           | 
           | Then he brought Peter Thiel, the guy who seriously advocates
           | "competition is for losers, build a monopoly". He gave Mark a
           | lot of good advice and the VC industry turned him from an
           | open source bro into a corporate golden boy who buys up the
           | competition, the founders of which leave in disgust after
           | their golden handcuffs are off (WhatApp, Oculus, and yes
           | Instagram). This isn't an isolated story. Elon owns Twitter.
           | Bezos owns Amazon. The nicer guys like Ohanian and Jack got
           | out, after selling, though. And they all want
           | decentralization now.
           | 
           | Moxie left WhatsApp and started an end-to-end encrypted
           | messenger (Signal). Out of all the former founders (Tim
           | Berners-Lee, Brendan Eich, Jack Dorsey, etc) Moxie may be the
           | only one who is skeptical of decentralized architectures, and
           | mostly because he thinks it is too slow to innovate. But even
           | Moxie -- if you remember - was going to fund WhatsApp
           | honestly through $1 a year fees, until he and Jan Koum "sold
           | out" for a $19 Billion payday. I don't blame them... but
           | there is a reason WhatsApp became this:
           | 
           | https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/social/25-perce.
           | ..
           | 
           | Whatever the failings of Web3 smart contracts may be, the
           | shareholder capitalism driving Web2 has predictably led to
           | the same outcome -- the platforns that all of us come to
           | depend on are controlled by a few people and we never know
           | what they will do.
           | 
           | Reddit? Got sold and shittified recently.
           | 
           | FogBugz? Same.
           | 
           | It goes on and on. The reason the parent and grandparent
           | comment are the way they are is because we _see_ this over
           | and over. But realizing the consequences of funding projects
           | in this way, what is the alternative? Utility tokens. They
           | are easy to create, to crowdfund (do it legally through a
           | broker-dealer like Rialto Markets), and now this year there
           | is a legal precedent for secondary sales once you have the
           | network up and running: http://blockchain.news/news/baf7670d-
           | 74ad-4c8f-aed6-c95afdc0...
           | 
           | We don't _need_ the old boys network anymore!
           | 
           | People on HN say that Web3 has no use cases. This is just one
           | of many. It's easy to do, anyone here can use it to crowdfund
           | their own project with people around the world, who become
           | stakeholders, and guarantee to your users that you won't have
           | the same pitfalls the GO described. Funding platforms in this
           | way solves many problems.
           | 
           | EDIT: To the various people who see the word "Web3" and
           | downvote just based on that... go ahead! Downvote but make an
           | argument! Say something. You're always so silent when it
           | comes to substantive reasons, yet so opinionated with the
           | downvote. What happened to intellectually honest debate? I
           | would be _happy_ to hear constructive counterpoints.
        
             | beepbooptheory wrote:
             | I think you could just say: "Instead of relying on the
             | concentrated capital of VC firms, we should rely more on
             | individuals investing smaller amounts in companies they
             | want to use. The individuals collective stake in the
             | company can help protect them from the company going
             | against their interests."
             | 
             | That's just the main point right? Everything becomes
             | essentially Kickstarter/Patreon subscriptions, and maybe
             | you pay a little more fees to exchange your money to
             | tokens?
             | 
             | Its surely an appropriate argument to make I guess, just
             | falls a little flat to me personally. Like I just want to
             | use a service and not get ripped off, I don't want to enter
             | into and have stake in some distinct governance structure
             | for every service I want use.
        
               | EGreg wrote:
               | Well yes, and now you can do it using open protocols,
               | without relying on centralized platforms for the money
               | part.
               | 
               | Utility tokens need a decentralized network so there is
               | no single point of failure. Just like the Web itself
               | (1.0) disrupted gatekeepers at newspapers, TV and Radio
               | stations, etc. that you used to have to pay ("payola") to
               | get the word out. VOIP lowered the cost of long distance
               | phonecalls to pretty much zero by eliminating middlemen,
               | too. The infrastructure providers shouldn't ALSO control
               | your app layer, that's the point!
        
             | robertlagrant wrote:
             | It just all seems irrelevant to fly.io. I can host stuff on
             | there for money, which is all I want from a service
             | provider. Electricity and storage and network and compute
             | and infrastructure engineers cost money, and I'm happy to
             | give them money. How does web3 get these things paid for?
        
               | EGreg wrote:
               | It's not irrelevant to the parent and grandparent
               | comment, which (having experienced the recent buyouts at
               | Reddit and others) are rightly wary of a similar outcome,
               | and regard _the mere fact of being funded by VCs_ as a
               | ticking time bomb. So what is the alternative?
               | 
               | Don't build your app on someone else's platform. Whether
               | it's Twitter and Periscope, or Apple vs mamy developers (
               | https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/09/05/how-
               | app...) ... build on a permissionless platform that isn't
               | owned by any gatekeepers. Like the Web. Or Ethereum. Or
               | Polygon.
               | 
               | Utility tokens and micropayments via trustlines are
               | exactly done for that purpose.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | I'm only talking about the parent comment in my reply.
               | 
               | But okay, I'll bite. How is fly.io not the Web?
        
               | EGreg wrote:
               | I'm not sure I follow. It seems like a strawman question
               | of some kind.
               | 
               | Well, fly.io is not the Web, but also it's not the point
               | 
               | The closest I can get to what your questions is to say,
               | it's under the control of a for-profit company financing
               | itself with shareholders who want to see profits? That's
               | true of many companies, the sentiment in the GP comments
               | applies to the general pattern of becoming enshittified
               | after a large investment / sale, not specifically fly.io
        
             | nwienert wrote:
             | Great points. Don't fret the downvotes. It's cooler to be
             | proven right in the face of popular doubt.
        
             | pc86 wrote:
             | Why is it that any time VC financing comes up in any
             | fashion we end up with some unrelated pseudo-meme
             | walloftext nonsense bouncing back and forth between a
             | treatise on the structural inefficiencies of capitalism and
             | tech fundraising from 30 years ago? All with some tenuous
             | barely coherent tie back to blockchain, or NFTs, or web3,
             | or whatever The Next Bitcoin(tm) du jour is.
        
               | EGreg wrote:
               | Because open source software is the only alternative we
               | know to the problem that was described, that has
               | consistently liberated people everywhere it was
               | introduced. And utility tokens are a great way that was
               | invented several years ago to monetize open source and
               | turn it into a free market instead of only a gift
               | economy.
               | 
               | Blockchain is the most widespread and proven way thus far
               | to eliminate the middleman, and it's there right now, you
               | can deploy a token in a few minutes if you wanted. Many
               | people here seem to keep repeating the mantra that "Web3
               | has no good applications" but here is one that _literally
               | solves the societal problem you are complaining about_
               | and has done so with IPFS, Ethereum, Polygon and many
               | other permissionless networks.
               | 
               | It's a wall of text because there are literally so many
               | detailed examples, that I chose to engage in a few. I
               | like to back up what I'm saying so people don't think I'm
               | just talking out of my ass. Now the ball is in your court
               | to explain why you disagree anyway.
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | I don't even know that I do disagree with you. I just
               | don't think Venture Capital is some sort of existential
               | threat, or by definition a problem (some specific
               | applications of it, sure), so I don't think the
               | blockchain solves any real problem out of the box. It's
               | an interesting thing from a technical standpoint, and
               | some interesting things have been built on top of it, and
               | I made some money on BTC back before it was 5 figures.
               | 
               | But you're not going to convince anyone to swap out VC
               | funding for _utility tokens_ by talking about Napster and
               | FogBugz.
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | Wouldn't that be a really short and boring blog post?
        
           | civilitty wrote:
           | I assume their writers can expand it beyond "We're going to
           | fuck you over, but thanks for all the fish!" Make it sound
           | all smart and snarky and stuff.
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | Well, now I can't use that title for the post. Thanks a
             | lot.
        
               | dctoedt wrote:
               | You really ought to do some standup comedy, Thomas (do
               | you?); I regularly LOL at some of your comments -- even
               | the subtle put-downs, like the parent -- and yet you're
               | invariably courteous and non-snarky.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | You are the first person on this site I've ever heard
               | describe me as non-snarky. :)
        
               | dctoedt wrote:
               | Maybe my line of work has altered my frame of reference
               | ....
        
         | nologic01 wrote:
         | other things being equal, organic growth via paying customers
         | is the time-honored way of avoiding the pathologies you
         | mention.
         | 
         | in this model speculative capital is only required in the very
         | early stages. a company either reaches a symbiotic relation
         | with its clients or not. the burden is primarily on intrinsic
         | aspects of what the startup venture delivers and how much this
         | resonates in its sector.
         | 
         | the VC model is basically turbo-charging this process. though
         | it is risk capital and not lending, it creates an implicit,
         | arbitrarily sized liability that need not have much to do with
         | the underlying value proposition. it removes the organic
         | cashlow constraint via a faustian bargain.
         | 
         | the "beauty" of it is that you can't have both models in the
         | same economy. the set of ideas that are ripe for exploration at
         | an given era are what they are. if some people pursue them
         | while being on steroids this means there is no room for people
         | to explore them in a less toxic way
        
           | AndrewKemendo wrote:
           | Extremely well said and highlights exactly the problem and
           | why you can't just passively accept this state of affairs.
           | 
           | Capitalism literally crowds out alternative forms of
           | organization in favor for monopolizing a market in order to
           | rent seek. This is the explicit path set by guys like Peter
           | Thiel and is neither passive nor has compunction.
           | 
           | Don't forget that regulatory capture is part of the game too
           | - such that you can legally embed your philosophy in such a
           | way that makes crowding out the defacto approach.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | coder9874 wrote:
         | Good luck avoiding every single venture-funded company. Can you
         | give an example of such a "monopoly"? Vercel? They have plenty
         | of competitors, all they are doing is charging a premium for
         | convenience. There will always be alternatives to any given
         | tool if you don't like the costs. Seems your problem is with
         | capitalism and not this particular startup.
        
           | AndrewKemendo wrote:
           | > Seems your problem is with capitalism and not this
           | particular startup.
           | 
           | Correct. It just is the case that one (the company and it's
           | philosophy) is a symptom of the other (nightmare unchecked
           | capitalism).
        
         | Vt71fcAqt7 wrote:
         | >once you've monopolized your particular market?
         | 
         | How can you monopolize this market? There is no moat here at
         | all. There are already trillion dollar companies competing
         | here. They are selling a commodity.
        
         | gotmedium wrote:
         | If that is the case, then you shouldn't be using Apple, Google,
         | Intel, Nvidia, Stripe, Shopify, Meta, Git, etc etc.
         | 
         | Companies raise money now to generate cash flows in the future
         | from a wildly risky innovation. Assuming the thesis is correct,
         | the company will then to pay it back to investors (VCs and
         | their investors including Endowment Funds), but also employee
         | and taxes.
         | 
         | As companies grow, they pay more taxes, and this will let
         | government spend in things like education, infrastructure,
         | social security.
         | 
         | It's either this or socialism.
         | 
         | "Capitalism: The worst economic system, except for all the
         | others"
        
           | ben-schaaf wrote:
           | > As companies grow, they pay more taxes, and this will let
           | government spend in things like education, infrastructure,
           | social security.
           | 
           | As companies grow so does their ability to dodge taxes.
           | That's why they're headquartered in Ireland, Bermuda or
           | whatever the latest low corporate tax state is.
           | Proportionally they're likely paying less than a corner
           | store. I certainly pay more in income tax.
        
           | donmcronald wrote:
           | How does Git fit with the rest of those?
        
             | xeromal wrote:
             | I assume they mean GitHub
        
             | sfitz wrote:
             | speculating they mean source control providers like github,
             | gitlab, bitbucket, and not actually 'git'
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | malta_kano wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | I don't understand why someone comes to a startup incubator and
         | VC forum when they hate venture funded startups. You know what
         | YC does, right?
         | 
         | There are so many forums you could go to, but you specifically
         | select this one when you fundamentally dislike the premise?
         | Why? It's just baffling behavior.
        
           | fnimick wrote:
           | It may be a VC forum, but it functions as a broad technical
           | forum. How many posts here are explicitly about startup
           | economics?
           | 
           | It's important to remind people in the broader technical
           | community that financial success should not the only goal,
           | nor should it be required to maximize profit at the expense
           | of customers.
        
             | renewiltord wrote:
             | Fair enough. It's not you, it's me. I'll just not interact
             | with these comments in future. I have a mechanism to fix
             | this.
        
           | Electricniko wrote:
           | Not OP, but I think the answer is that a lot of people who
           | quit Reddit a couple weeks ago have spread out to other
           | news/discussion forums to find something to replace it.
           | They're still in the exploration phase trying to find
           | communities that resemble subreddits they used. The content
           | on this forum sort of resembles a few tech related
           | subreddits, even if the discussions and intent are quite
           | different.
        
             | renewiltord wrote:
             | I suppose the community makes the purpose of the community.
             | And this sort of thing makes me worse, so I should seek
             | something else, or modify my interaction with this
             | community.
             | 
             | It's an open forum and presumably those running it prefer
             | this outcome.
             | 
             | Fair enough.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Solvency wrote:
         | This is the cold truth. The entire process of raising money in
         | the modern software world has nothing to do with creating a
         | better product and business specifically. It's simply the de
         | facto step-by-step playbook process one follows if one is an
         | entrepreneur with the eventual become very rich. There is
         | nothing novel, innovative, or remotely surprising about this
         | process. It is well defined, well established, and simply how
         | business is done. Every single person looking to build a
         | company for the purposes of becoming rich should adhere
         | religiously to this playbook. It's a cold, hard, transactional
         | fact of life. Whether or not the product is good and fair and
         | honest is largely an independent variable to this basic
         | playbook process.
        
           | esteth wrote:
           | Sometimes funding is necessary to grow income enough to
           | sustain the business or hire more engineers or whatever you
           | want to do.
           | 
           | If it costs $40 to acquire a new customer, and you expect a
           | customer to stick around for long enough to spend $90 then
           | it's totally worth doing that, but you need $40 _now_ to make
           | 90$ over some period of time.
        
             | akiselev wrote:
             | That's what's so great about five year projections! Somehow
             | it's always _worth it_ until reality comes knocking after
             | the money's been raised. Then it's a mad scramble for ROI
             | that debases everything that built the business.
        
             | Solvency wrote:
             | There is an entirely possible and alternative funding model
             | that perpetually allocates a responsible amount of
             | incremental funds for the purposes of novel R&D. It's
             | trivial to imagine how a responsible incremental funding
             | approach could create a better, more transparent, more
             | estimable, more reportable, more mappable, more rigorously
             | trackable innovation process.
             | 
             | Raising massive lump sums of money is about VALUATION. You
             | have been led to believe this is the only way to go about
             | building a software business like this.
             | 
             | It's all a major silkscreen for the colder simpler goal of
             | generating a lot of eventual wealth for a specific cast of
             | people.
             | 
             | Again, no shame or emotion here. It's just how business is
             | done in this world.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | That alternative only works in the absence of competitors
               | who raise capital to pursue more rapid growth. It is an
               | arms race to an extent, but if you don't play the game
               | then you may get locked out.
        
               | nirvdrum wrote:
               | Particularly when that rapid growth involves price
               | dumping. I've bootstrapped businesses before. It's really
               | difficult to compete with free offerings when you have to
               | pay the bills. Your competitors can burn a pile of cash
               | to flush out the competition. They don't even need a
               | better product... people love getting stuff for free.
               | Invariably, those services either go bust or don't remain
               | free since it's often unsustainable. But, it means in the
               | short-term you often need to raise money if you're
               | competing with a VC-backed business.
        
               | tedmiston wrote:
               | > There is an entirely possible and alternative funding
               | model that perpetually allocates a responsible amount of
               | incremental funds for the purposes of novel R&D.
               | 
               | You are completely missing the point of venture capital
               | here.
               | 
               | Of course, bootstrapping exists, but I can't point to any
               | similar companies to Fly which have achieved standout
               | success in an area like this with a model like that.
               | 
               | > Raising massive lump sums of money is about VALUATION.
               | 
               | Valuation is merely a side effect in pursuit of market
               | dominance or hopefully establishing a niche monopoly.
        
               | munificent wrote:
               | _> There is an entirely possible and alternative funding
               | model that perpetually allocates a responsible amount of
               | incremental funds for the purposes of novel R &D._
               | 
               | This works for some but not all business ventures.
               | 
               | There's a reason corporations were invented in the Age of
               | Sail. If you build 5% of a ship, you can't sail to the
               | New World and bring back 5% of the resources. You just
               | sink in the harbor.
               | 
               | (The moral implications of relating modern VC-invested
               | corporations to rapacious European conquests of the
               | already-inhabited-thank-you-very-much New World is not
               | lost on me.)
               | 
               | I believe there are healthy ways to start up a business
               | that has startup costs too large to bootstrap. I agree
               | with you that VCs are often not it.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | ZiiS wrote:
               | You can build a small ship and a track record of
               | profitable trade with the next port, then the next
               | country over before undertaking an ocean crossing.
        
               | tonymillion wrote:
               | And by the time you've done that 97.3% of all shipping
               | from the new world is being handled by a small handful of
               | companies with gigantic cargo ships.
               | 
               | But congratulations, you've successfully created a small
               | "local" business with a decent number of customers who
               | are reasonably loyal. You should be happy with what you
               | have and possibly invest in future generations who want
               | to colonize the moon or something (assuming you want to
               | expand your wealth)
        
               | munificent wrote:
               | But you can't incrementally upgrade that ship to become a
               | large ship.
               | 
               | At some point, you need the capital investment to build a
               | big ship, and the return on that investment is zero
               | unless you build the whole ship.
        
               | mordae wrote:
               | Or maybe 20 customers who believe that having a shared
               | ship might form a join stock company to take care of
               | their respective 5%... and when the venture proves
               | itself, they might convert it to a publicly traded
               | company and let it scale up with demand.
        
               | tonymillion wrote:
               | that's literally an angel investor financed startup
        
               | munificent wrote:
               | _> Or maybe 20 customers who believe that having a shared
               | ship_
               | 
               | You might describe these people as "capitalizing a
               | venture", in fact, or "venture capitalists".
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | dmix wrote:
               | I'm curious have you ever tried to raise money for a tech
               | business before?
               | 
               | There's a big reason VC and angels were and largely
               | continue to be only game in town. No one understands or
               | would risk loaning millions of dollars on a high risk
               | business aiming for marginal incremental growth.
        
               | superq wrote:
               | > marginal incremental growth
               | 
               | VC's and angels wouldn't be interested in that, either.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Real world example: was DropBox a better or worse product
               | when they were a simple syncing app before they started
               | "innovating".
               | 
               | The only consumer company that I can think of that went
               | from "initial value proposition" to "not sucking after it
               | went public" is BackBlaze. None of their new offerings
               | has taken away from their initial "unlimited cheap
               | backup" offering.
        
           | dadrian wrote:
           | You raise money to pay for costs of running the business. If
           | you couldn't raise money, then only people who are already
           | extremely rich would be able to start a business of any size,
           | let alone one that requires deploying physical hardware in
           | multiple regions. Good luck getting even four regions for
           | less than $1M. The world would be far worse off if all tech
           | businesses had to be bootstrapped.
           | 
           | That being said, there's certainly many businesses that
           | raised too much money based on bullshit, had the founders
           | take money off the top, and then have to drastically change
           | to become sustainable, especially in the ZIRP era. But I
           | don't see that happening here.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Just buy an ASIN and use a VPS provider than understands
             | them. You are now multihomed.
        
             | KptMarchewa wrote:
             | To add to it, without external funding _any_ innovation
             | would be stifled by existing players. If you can't even get
             | low millions in funding, existing corporations with tens of
             | billions of free money will eat you alive.
             | 
             | Organically growing a business; bootstrapping sounds fine,
             | until you try to do something that potentially has any
             | global impact.
        
               | heipei wrote:
               | It's funny to hear this in this context. Fly is treated
               | as one of the few potential successors to Heroku, and
               | Heroku raised very little money while remaining the
               | number one choice for most devs here (based on
               | sentiments). And then an existing corporation with tens
               | of billions of free money came along, bought Heroku ...
               | and ran it into the ground. So I don't buy that you need
               | to fundraise or else be outpaced, at least not by big
               | corporation.
        
               | stepbeek wrote:
               | To be fair, they do call out in the article that they're
               | hosting on their own hardware. Afaik Heroku has always
               | been hosted on AWS which is a lot less capital-intensive
               | than buying hardware.
               | 
               | Also, Heroku was acquired in 2010. I know that the
               | prevailing sentiment around here is that the acquisition
               | was a mistake, but Heroku has been owned by Salesforce
               | for 13 of it's 16 years of life...
        
             | vlovich123 wrote:
             | You can offset burn rate with more skills. Putting a few
             | machines in multiple regions is fairly cheap. If you're ok
             | doing the ops yourself, you can get buy on a shoe string
             | budget. I know. A startup I was part of did this ten years
             | ago and the tooling to do this has only gotten easier and
             | better.
             | 
             | To be clear, I'm not saying that venture is intrinsically
             | evil, but also companies are explicitly trading off higher
             | burn rates and higher raise rounds to reduce the need to
             | build all of this in house. That's not a bad idea because
             | it's usually better for the business to scale as quickly as
             | the sales channel can fill it rather than be stuck on
             | difficult engineering roadblocks.
        
             | AndrewKemendo wrote:
             | > If you couldn't raise money, then only people who are
             | already extremely rich would be able to start a business of
             | any size, let alone one that requires deploying physical
             | hardware in multiple regions
             | 
             | You're describing the current state of the world
             | 
             | We're there already. The entire system is built to exploit
             | everybody who does not have significant capital to fight
             | back against it
        
               | willsmith72 wrote:
               | It's just not though. Surely you know (or know of) people
               | who've built successful businesses with the help of
               | funding, and couldn't have done so without it.
               | 
               | Just because someone takes funding, doesn't make them any
               | less or a part of some "built" system. Even my favourite
               | bakery could never have got started without funding -
               | with debt not equity. It doesn't make him any less
               | brilliant. He would've had to be extremely rich so start
               | the business otherwise
        
               | agotterer wrote:
               | Not all funding is creating equal or share the same
               | expectations. Borrowing money from a bank to open a
               | bakery or taking an investment from friends and family to
               | cover the initial startup costs is very different from
               | raising venture capital money. The growth and return on
               | investment expectations are wildly different.
        
               | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
               | Which is sort of natural, isn't it? The natural world is
               | set up to exploit everything that does not have a defense
               | against it. You adapt or you get eaten or out-competed.
               | The fact that "the non-rich" have not yet realized that
               | they can, in fact, band together to force more powerful
               | forces to behave better, doesn't mean they can't still do
               | it.
               | 
               | Our biggest advantage is working together as a community,
               | and our biggest flaw is not helping each other when we
               | easily could.
        
               | Zetice wrote:
               | I am so curious why you repeatedly spit in the collective
               | face of the _millions_ of small business owners in the US
               | and around the world.
               | 
               | If what you say were true, the world would exist as a
               | series of 3-5 megacorps, and small businesses would not
               | exist. Since they do exist, how do you square that with
               | your claim that only the "extremely rich would be able to
               | start a business of any size" is currently true?
        
               | matwood wrote:
               | I would also add to your point that starting a business
               | is easier than it has ever been. While far from perfect,
               | the internet has been an amazing equalizer.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | On the one hand, it makes it easy for you to reach
               | customers.
               | 
               | On the other hand, it makes it easy for your competitors
               | to reach customers.
               | 
               | I'd argue that, on the whole, the internet has made
               | starting "just an idea and a garage" businesses harder,
               | because they now face immediate, maximally-funded
               | competition. Whereas pre-Internet they would have been
               | geographically/physically protected for awhile.
               | 
               | True, net win for customers, efficiency, etc. (maybe).
               | But you couldn't start a Starbucks these days.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | garrickvanburen wrote:
               | I agree, most businesses are very small. Large businesses
               | and especially very large businesses are the exception.
               | 
               | 4.7M of the 8M US businesses have <5 employees.
               | 
               | https://www.census.gov/newsroom/stories/small-business-
               | week....
               | 
               | Starting a business requires little more than filing
               | incorporation documents with your state.
               | 
               | Growing a business to dominate a market and get crazy
               | rich may require outside funding, but growing a business
               | to support and maintain your individual lifestyle does
               | not.
        
               | dpc050505 wrote:
               | > spit in the collective face of the millions of small
               | business owners in the US and around the world.
               | 
               | Their income is similar to that of most working
               | professionals and their assets are similar to the savings
               | of most working professionals. They entrepreneured
               | themselves into having a job, they're not the
               | investor/capitalist multimillionaires we picture when we
               | think of rich people.
               | 
               | >the world would exist as a series of 3-5 megacorps, and
               | small businesses would not exist
               | 
               | The economy exists as the 500 megacorps that make up the
               | s&p 500. Small businesses just fill in the gaps and are
               | for the most part beholden to the megacorps for their
               | business, their supplies and/or their financing.
        
         | Zetice wrote:
         | Honest question: why are you on a site whose community is
         | literally created and run by a startup accelerator?
         | 
         | It's a given you realize how antagonistic you're being here, so
         | I guess my only other question is why seek attention like this?
        
           | MatthiasPortzel wrote:
           | Where better to talk about the downsides of VC funding?
           | 
           | I don't think anyone wants HN to become an echo chamber that
           | believes VC funding is the solution to all problems.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | Curious people are allowed some latitude when historical
           | performance predicts future outcomes [1]. This is "not the
           | first rodeo" as it were. Agree being antagonistic is not
           | welcome, but it should not be unwelcome to ask hard questions
           | about how something won't end up the same.
           | 
           | I like the Fly.io folks! But asking questions should never be
           | off the table; how else would you be curious?
           | 
           | [1] https://ourincrediblejourney.tumblr.com/
           | 
           | (it is unfortunate that something with so much value and
           | enjoyment like HN is a product of an investment firm, but a
           | component of life is compromise; enjoy it like you would a
           | public good while it lasts)
        
             | Zetice wrote:
             | > My new heuristic is that I avoid every single company
             | that raises venture funding.
             | 
             | This is not what curiosity looks like, is my point.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | I imagine some folks have their curiosity burn out at a
               | certain point. Your point is taken.
        
           | AndrewKemendo wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | _Please don 't sneer, including at the rest of the
             | community._
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
               | AndrewKemendo wrote:
               | Fair.
               | 
               | I stand by my point though that the culture has
               | significantly changed since 2012 - you of all people know
               | that.
               | 
               | Just go back and look a decade ago at when people would
               | post "hey we raise all this money" posts.
               | 
               | A full half of the comments would be like "nobody cares
               | that you raise money are you actually doing something
               | important?" or similar.
               | 
               | Tbh I think it was a healthier perspective, and we need
               | to bring more "hacker" back.
        
               | Zetice wrote:
               | I joined in '09 and I think _I 've_ changed pretty
               | substantially, so the idea that this or any website would
               | lock-in to a particular viewpoint isn't realistic IMO.
               | 
               | And you're being _awfully_ reasonable now, once we 've
               | gotten past the bombastic opening claim. I think part of
               | what makes HN great is that at least sometimes we can
               | skip that opening wild claim.
        
               | esafak wrote:
               | I think this is just due to the maturation of the
               | community; it has grown and diversified, so enthusiast
               | hackers represent a smaller proportion of it. The same
               | dynamic is at play in the tech community at large.
        
             | Zetice wrote:
             | But that's a fundamentally different view than "All VC
             | funding is bad"; there are tons of risks involved and many
             | actors aren't good in every industry, why specifically does
             | venture capital draw your ire?
        
           | munificent wrote:
           | _> why are you on a site whose community is literally created
           | and run by a startup accelerator?_
           | 
           | Why do missionaries go where no one believes their religion
           | already? The idea that you must already be a believer in some
           | community to participate in the community makes little sense
           | and certainly isn't a good way to make progress.
           | 
           |  _> I guess my only other question is why seek attention like
           | this?_
           | 
           | Would you also characterize your own reply as mere attention
           | seeking?
        
             | Zetice wrote:
             | All commenting is attention seeking, my question was: why
             | do it antagonistically like this?
             | 
             | And further, why go on a (holy) mission to convince people
             | funding companies is bad? That's a weird windmill to tilt
             | at...
        
               | AndrewKemendo wrote:
               | It's not a weird windmill, it's deep philosophical
               | position (breakneck property ownership based anarchistic
               | capitalism) that is leading to the wanton destruction of
               | society across the world.
        
               | Zetice wrote:
               | How does the thing that enables society also destroy it?
        
               | gnatman wrote:
               | How do anabolic steroids, which make me big & strong,
               | also kill me?
        
               | c-hendricks wrote:
               | I dunno, I think it's a growing sentiment and am glad
               | they brought it up.
               | 
               | Svelte, SolidJS, Remix, and NextJS are all tied to San
               | Francisco venture capitalism and that's got me worried
               | about their future.
        
         | jwr wrote:
         | This. In the long term, in a venture funded business, there is
         | no outcome that is good for users.
         | 
         | "Growth" is the focus now, until the business dies (by
         | acquisition, IPO or bankrupcy, all of which are bad for users).
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | While I tend to agree with your overall thesis, and I get
         | particularly baffled when some SaaS company, whose nearly sole
         | expense is payroll, feels the need to raise hundreds of
         | millions of dollars, fly.io is a _cloud infrastructure_
         | company.
         | 
         | They literally run physical servers all over the world (at
         | least, that's my understanding from their website). I've got to
         | imagine then that this business has huge capital costs, and
         | it's nearly impossible to grow a very capital intensive
         | business without outside capital.
         | 
         | I don't disagree with your main point. Everyone has seen
         | "enshittification" eventually take over all tech startups as
         | they switch the focus from satisfying users to satisfying
         | investors. But I just don't see how you build a business that
         | requires running servers all over the world without a lot of
         | capital.
        
           | gtirloni wrote:
           | _> it 's nearly impossible to grow a very capital intensive
           | business without outside capital._
           | 
           | That's the promise of pay-per-minute (or even second) cloud
           | computing, right? You don't spend what you don't need _right
           | now_.
           | 
           | But Fly.io makes a good point about reaching critical mass to
           | discuss better prices from their vendors. I can totally
           | understand that.
        
             | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
             | > That's the promise of pay-per-minute (or even second)
             | cloud computing, right?
             | 
             | Maybe I misunderstood your point, but that's the promise
             | for cloud computing _customers_. Fly.io is a cloud
             | computing _provider_ , and those are all hugely capital
             | intensive businesses.
        
               | gtirloni wrote:
               | Fly.io can be a cloud computing provider while being a
               | cloud computing customer, just like Heroku and others.
        
               | aarondf wrote:
               | They can be (in theory), but aren't (in reality)
        
           | tedmiston wrote:
           | > They literally run physical servers all over the world ...
           | I've got to imagine then that this business has huge capital
           | costs, and it's nearly impossible to grow a very capital
           | intensive business without outside capital.
           | 
           | I genuinely struggle to understand how Fly.io managed
           | (manages) to have this much physical server presence to date,
           | having raised only ~$16M prior to this round. Hire a dozen
           | engineers and that money starts to go fast. The regions page
           | [1] shows 34 cities largely across 4 continents, but
           | technically across 6 if you count the 1 region each in Africa
           | and Australia.
           | 
           | Maybe they have managed to get inside other existing cloud's
           | data centers and it's not literally _their_ own physical
           | hardware, or behind-the-scenes they are leasing collocated
           | servers, etc.
           | 
           | I would love some insight here if one of the founders in the
           | thread sees this.
           | 
           | [1]: https://fly.io/docs/reference/regions/
        
             | inconceivable wrote:
             | you can finance new hardware and rack in a managed colo for
             | extremely cheap. like really cheap.
             | 
             | i was in this business until a couple of years ago.
             | 
             | we'd quote prices for potential customers currently in
             | public cloud and they literally wouldn't believe us. it
             | actually became an impediment in the sales cycle and part
             | of the reason we sold. people are dumb, but i'd be even
             | dumber if i expected them to change for my benefit.
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | The short answer is that none of our regions are so big
             | that we have to own our own top-of-rack switching yet
             | (though some are getting close), so we can take a random
             | spot in (say) an Equinix rack, rather than having to
             | engineer a network (we run our own BGP for Anycast, but our
             | uplinks are just DAC connections to our upstream providers
             | switches.
             | 
             | For what it's worth: we've been on our own hardware ever
             | since we launched, long before the 14MM Intel/Dell round.
             | It's really the only way we can see to make the margins
             | make sense. A big part of the premise of AWS and GCP is
             | that they're allocating hyperscaler-grade resources to the
             | task of making sure they claim most of the margins in
             | hosting things on their own platform, not middlemen ---
             | though that may be more true for some services (like EC2)
             | than others (like S3).
        
               | philipwhiuk wrote:
               | Are you in the big financial services Equinix data-
               | centres?
        
             | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
             | I think it's a good question, but the linked article says
             | unambiguously near the bottom that they run their own
             | hardware:
             | 
             | > Why We Raised A Bunch Of Money
             | 
             | > Here's what we think it takes to build this kind of
             | platform:
             | 
             | > A hardware fleet. Fly.io has always run on its own
             | hardware. There are fun, technical, "control your own
             | destiny" reasons to rack hardware instead of layering on
             | top of commodity clouds. But it's really just economics. If
             | you want to get people to build apps on your platform, you
             | need a shot at being around 10 years from now. Hardware is
             | what makes the margins work.
        
         | ren_engineer wrote:
         | >My new heuristic is that I avoid every single company that
         | raises venture funding
         | 
         | you're basically going to be prevented from using anything that
         | isn't an established enterprise(which are also beholden to
         | shareholders) or consumer apps. You can't bootstrap anything
         | that requires significant R&D or infrastructure unless the
         | founder is already rich
         | 
         | This post seems to be referencing the Reddit API situation. The
         | solution is to not make your company reliant on a single API ,
         | pretty sure with Fly you can deploy Docker containers so you
         | could always switch easily if they tried to price gouge. If
         | something is a critical component of your business you should
         | always plan to be able to switch providers in a hurry for any
         | number of reasons
        
         | berkle4455 wrote:
         | I don't think they they'll need to increase, fly.io is already
         | rather expensive as far as cloud offerings go today: shared 8
         | vCPU / 16GB VPS is $85/mo at fly, Hetzner is $16/mo for the
         | same.
        
           | flagged24 wrote:
           | It's worse. For a 16 vCPU + 32GB RAM + 20TB traffic (fly.io
           | has max 8 vCPU) I would pay around $750 on fly.io instead of
           | EUR30 on Hetzner. People are willing to pay a lot for I guess
           | an easy deploy story ?
        
             | bombela wrote:
             | You pay for not having to manage anything yourself or hire
             | somebody dedicated to do so. How much is that worth?
        
             | dathinab wrote:
             | Developer time is pretty costy and if you can save a lot of
             | dev time a noticeable higher running cost can be well worth
             | it for some companies (like smaller companies, startups
             | which have still a fluent changing business model etc.).
             | 
             | Through also it's not a fair compression because for the
             | kind of services where being close to the edge and
             | redundant over many places matters Hetzner isn't even an
             | option. AWS maybe, but AWS is also pain in my experience.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | danenania wrote:
           | Is fly vs Hetzner really apples to apples though? A more apt
           | comparison would be to AWS, GCP, and Azure no?
        
             | berkle4455 wrote:
             | How isn't? You're paying for a VM with access to a slice of
             | resources. Yes fly.io offers some clever deployment and
             | routing, but it's still your code running on a VM.
        
               | danenania wrote:
               | You could ask the same question about why Hetzner is so
               | much cheaper than the big cloud providers. If there
               | weren't any tradeoffs, presumably every company running
               | containers or VMs on a big cloud would move to Hetzner
               | and save 80%. Why isn't that happening?
               | 
               | Whatever the answer is, it's probably the same answer for
               | why many companies would likely be willing to pay more
               | for fly.io than Hetzner as well.
        
         | themagician wrote:
         | Welcome to capitalism, mate. Without exploitation there is no
         | excess, no abundance. Without exploitation there are no
         | profits.
        
         | quickthrower2 wrote:
         | They are a web hosting company, like AWS (etc.), so at least
         | you can shift your stuff to somewhere else if it gets too
         | pricey.
         | 
         | The "etc." is basically thousands of other companies.
        
           | scarface_74 wrote:
           | Only said by someone who hasn't done large scale migrations.
           | It's never that easy. It's always disruptive.
        
             | quickthrower2 wrote:
             | Sure, but if you are a startup and your bill went from
             | $10,000/m (say this is comparable to AWS) to $100,000/m
             | because the fly investors said so, you would probably move?
             | Or go bust? Either way it is not good game theoretically
             | for the vendor to do that.
             | 
             | And if they did they also wont get the enterprise customers
             | who are considering conservative alternatives.
        
         | ajsharp wrote:
         | Complaining about companies raising venture capital on hacker
         | news! What!? No way!?
         | 
         | This is going to sound _wild_ , but believe it or not it takes
         | quite a bit of _capital_ to reserve capacity in data centers
         | ALL OVER THE WORLD in order to, like, deliver on your _core
         | value prop_ of enabling deploying normal apps AT THE EDGE. This
         | used to just be called making a capital investment (because it
         | takes a lot of upfront capital), but then it became en vogue to
         | whine about venture capital.
         | 
         | You may want your hosting provider to be capital poor and
         | running a razor thin balance sheet on the brink of insolvency
         | (aka bootstrapped) but I don't. Or you might want to lease your
         | own space in a colo and rack your own servers and hire your own
         | remote hands and your own sysadmins and dev ops with 24/7
         | coverage so if you have a hardware failure you can deal with it
         | asap but I don't. Not having to do all that shit
         | takes...capital.
         | 
         | Where would you have them fetch said necessary capital if not
         | from venture capital firms?
         | 
         | Honestly, do you even know _what_ you 're bitching about? A
         | theoretical monopolistic reality that a. does not exist and b.
         | _would not exist_ if fly did not theoretically create a product
         | so good it made all their competitors irrelevant (note: this is
         | not a monopoly, it 's market dominance; they are very
         | different)?
         | 
         | And honestly, if they're still around in 5 years, they probably
         | _should_ raise prices so they can continue to be around. Fly is
         | literally orders of magnitude cheaper than running on AWS, and
         | orders of magnitude easier.
         | 
         | Take your aimless cope elsewhere.
        
         | wellthisisgreat wrote:
         | Here is an alternative, unpopular (for the narrative like in
         | the above post) hot take.
         | 
         | Nothing is forever. Five years is a long time. People need
         | motivation. Enjoy and make use of things while they last.
         | Nobody owes you anything.
         | 
         | But you have options.
         | 
         | You can have a business genius build a company that delivers
         | great product forever without grinding employees into the dust,
         | burning up founders and still outmaneuvering competitors.
         | 
         | You can have no product or a company going under because
         | founders have stretched them thin, burned out and went broke
         | ruining their lives pursuing a good idea that morphed into a
         | sunken cost.
         | 
         | Or you can crazy pricing models justified by the desire to live
         | like a VC LP while shipping a 3rd party API-dependent cute app.
         | But without VC!
         | 
         | Or you can have a VC-subsidized business that ships a product
         | at ridiculously low prices, locks you in for some 3-5 years and
         | then goes ballistic and becomes unusable. But it's been five
         | years of a very good run, FIVE YEARS. And then the next will
         | come to take their place.
         | 
         | Reading how five years is a short timeline for a low-cost-high-
         | value product is wild. Now that's some entitlement.
        
         | cphajduk wrote:
         | I would partially disagree. I think your statements are true,
         | but only for companies that raise investments on the promise of
         | scaling to greater profitability, but ultimately fail to
         | deliver. If the founders delude themselves or are overly
         | optimistic, the only recourse they have to investors is to
         | gouge the customer.
         | 
         | Raising the 'right' amount should be the goal. Not 'as much as
         | possible'
        
           | tlogan wrote:
           | > Raising the 'right' amount should be the goal. > Not 'as
           | much as possible'
           | 
           | Money is like sex - only too much is enough.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | >selling out any pretense of being beneficial for customers and
         | employees (primarily) in the extreme long term?
         | 
         | I mean... raising prices [?] "selling out any pretense..."
         | 
         | You're upset that a growing business lowers prices to grow
         | faster? Ok, but maybe relax a little. You're upset that
         | advertising-based businesses eventually shut down the ad-free
         | clients that use the API? Ok, but maybe relax a little.
         | 
         | A business grows with low prices and loses some customers not
         | willing to pay when they put up prices that reflect longer term
         | sustainability. That happens, why does it have to be a moral
         | outrage?
         | 
         | Yeah, if you're using a VC-backed startup expect the cheap
         | services to get pulled back on when they hit IPO time.
        
         | amatecha wrote:
         | Yeah, I follow the same view, I've stopped paying attention to
         | companies that raise venture capital or are publicly traded
         | (aka, they don't truly own the direction of their own
         | business). Whatever good is there is _always_ subverted by the
         | persistent need for "growth" and "increasing engagement" and
         | hitting metrics that are pleasing to investors. It'll start out
         | pretty minor, but the trajectory is persistently altered at
         | nearly every single point of decision. The sway is there, no
         | matter what, and sometimes major decisions are driven solely by
         | "it's what our stakeholders want/need", and the thought of the
         | end-user of the software is practically an afterthought or
         | side-effect.
        
         | danielrhodes wrote:
         | I can understand how you might think investors mis-align the
         | business with customers, but this isn't necessarily true.
         | 
         | First, businesses aren't in the business of leaving money on
         | the table. That is fine for a non-profit, but ultimately they
         | need to weigh money making with customer satisfaction and
         | growth. It's crazy to think a business should not optimize
         | here.
         | 
         | Second, you're conflating venture-funded consumer businesses
         | with B2B businesses. Consumer businesses with venture funding
         | are typically going to fuel growth/momentum by doing things
         | which don't scale. But eventually push comes to shove. B2B
         | business models are usually more transparent about what is a
         | promotion and what is not. Consumer businesses don't always
         | know how the business model is going to play out to even offer
         | that transparency.
         | 
         | Third, if your business model is advertising and data is your
         | moat, then when you give away your data via API to promote
         | distribution, yes you run into an issue later on when you need
         | to advertise or you have underinvested somewhere (in Reddit's
         | case it was mobile). For Reddit or Twitter, these mobile apps
         | were profiting off their users/data while taking on none of the
         | costs (infrastructure, moderation, etc.), and limiting their
         | means of monetizing themselves. You don't need an investor to
         | tell you that isn't in your long term interest.
        
       | kart23 wrote:
       | https://fly.io/docs/postgres/getting-started/what-you-should...
       | 
       | > If you want a fully managed database solution for your Fly
       | Apps, there are many great options, including:
       | 
       | Fly looks great, but you definitely need to get on this. a
       | company that just raised 100m shouldn't be recommending it's
       | direct competitors.
        
         | danieljacksonno wrote:
         | What? Of course they should. It shows they care about their
         | customers, and that they are confident in their use case and
         | honest when they say what they are a good fit for or not
        
           | kart23 wrote:
           | i guess, but when you do this it increases the amount of
           | people who think, "if i'm already going to this company for
           | my database and they offer the same things fly does, why not
           | just go there?"
        
         | tpetry wrote:
         | It will take them months to build something competing. Should
         | they tell everyone to bot fly because they don't have their own
         | database solution yet?
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | Even if I granted your premise that these are direct
         | competitors (they most certainly aren't)... why not?
        
       | duxup wrote:
       | "We raised a bunch of money"
       | 
       | Generally speaking (I'm not a fly.io customer) at this point that
       | phrase WORRIES me as a customer of any service.
       | 
       | It makes me think that the company exists just on a constant flow
       | of VC or similar money and what I'm using or paying for isn't a
       | realistic or future cost and I'm involved with a system or
       | platform that is getting stretched larger and larger regardless
       | of income and the more money they raise the harder the fall will
       | be.
       | 
       | It's unfortunate but for me it's not a phrase I want to see. I
       | want to hear how they are profitable based on their operations
       | and paying customers or other non VC or IPO type income. That
       | gives me confidence in their stability.
       | 
       | To be clear that's not a disagreement with the title or blog,
       | seems like a fine article that is fairly up front, but it's hard
       | for me to really see "we raised a bunch of money" as a positive
       | from a customer perspective anymore.
        
         | donmcronald wrote:
         | > It makes me think that the company exists just on a constant
         | flow of VC or similar money and what I'm using or paying for
         | isn't a realistic or future cost and I'm involved with a system
         | or platform that is getting stretched larger and larger
         | regardless of income and the more money they raise the harder
         | the fall will be.
         | 
         | This is where I always get burned. As they get larger and
         | larger, and the product gets more complex, they see it as value
         | that I'm not paying for, but I see it as negative value because
         | I'm forced to deal with all the added complexity that I don't
         | even want. Then, one day, they decide I shouldn't be
         | "freeloading" on their super awesome platform and change
         | pricing to something that isn't even close to reasonable for
         | me.
         | 
         | It's like hiring someone to cut your grass and a few years
         | later you go outside to find 3 guys on riding lawnmowers
         | telling you that prices are going up because _obviously_ you
         | 're not paying enough to cover the costs of the service you're
         | getting. It's not my fault they scaled their business to
         | accommodate customers with 10 acre lawns and assumed I needed
         | the same level of service, but I'm the one left without lawn
         | care.
        
           | jjtheblunt wrote:
           | that's an excellent description
        
           | aeyes wrote:
           | Also the guy who you hired to cut your grass now also lugs
           | around all the tools to take care of your pool, your car and
           | your house. Take all or nothing.
        
             | duxup wrote:
             | And your lawn guy's office has a pool.
        
               | snowstormsun wrote:
               | Also, the lawn guy now has a pricing tier for different
               | grass heights that all in the end take the same amount of
               | work.
        
               | mlloyd wrote:
               | But your lawn guy stays in business - which is relevant
               | to them and to you (for as long as you're a customer). If
               | the market is efficient, there should be reasonable
               | competition that you can switch to that more aligns with
               | your needs.
        
               | jrumbut wrote:
               | My lawn guy, and his competitor, just got acquired by a
               | company that only mows the median strips along highways.
        
               | malfist wrote:
               | My lawn guy got shut down by google.
        
               | donmcronald wrote:
               | Except it's more like you originally purchased turf
               | that's compatible with the provider's lawnmowers and,
               | while you thought they were cutting the lawn, they were
               | busy building a moat around your property. So now,
               | switching involved ripping out the old turf, filling in
               | the moat, and having new turf installed.
               | 
               | Then you realize that by the time you pay off the capital
               | investments needed to switch to a new provider they'll be
               | pulling the same stunt and you should've learned how to
               | cut the grass on your own.
        
         | ransackdev wrote:
         | https://imgflip.com/i/7qwwn2
        
         | maliker wrote:
         | Probably a couple more years of good service until they get
         | acquired. They're leaps and bounds better than the container
         | services on AWS and Azure, solidly better than the GCP one.
         | Seems like they could sell to get their exits before too long.
         | Although I would be very happy if they had the pain tolerance
         | to continue as their own company.
        
           | belfalas wrote:
           | _> Probably a couple more years of good service until they
           | get acquired._
           | 
           | Solid prediction. It is more likely than unlikely that this
           | will be the outcome. Once you raise VC funds the exit clock
           | starts ticking.
        
           | ignoramous wrote:
           | > _Probably a couple more years of good service until they
           | get acquired._
           | 
           | (not privy to inside information) As a customer that would be
           | a catastrophic outcome. Reckon Fly.io could avoid the
           | temptation better than most given the founding team has
           | already had one exit (mongohq/compose.io) and might not feel
           | the urge to sell out again.
        
             | belfalas wrote:
             | _> Reckon Fly.io could avoid the temptation better than
             | most given the founding team has already had one exit
             | (mongohq /compose.io) and might not feel the urge to sell
             | out again._
             | 
             | "Yes John, I used to think that too...but you see, if we
             | sell then we unlock more opportunities that will be
             | quite...nourishing...for the business."
             | 
             | In other words, it's really easy to avoid temptation when
             | it's not staring you in the face.
        
             | michaeldwan wrote:
             | As an employee that would be a catastrophic outcome.
        
             | maliker wrote:
             | flyctl getting rolled into aws cli (or boto3 shudder) would
             | definitely hurt
        
           | tebbers wrote:
           | I'm convinced that Cloudflare will buy them for their future
           | container offering.
        
         | grog454 wrote:
         | > Generally speaking (I'm not a fly.io customer) at this point
         | that phrase WORRIES me as a customer of any service.
         | 
         | Any time I read an announcement like this I refresh my
         | knowledge of competitors and make a mental note that it might
         | be time to switch soon.
         | 
         | > It makes me think that the company exists just on a constant
         | flow of VC or similar money and what I'm using or paying for
         | isn't a realistic or future cost and I'm involved with a system
         | or platform that is getting stretched larger and larger
         | regardless of income and the more money they raise the harder
         | the fall will be.
         | 
         | If you're an investor that's a valid concern. But as a user?
         | I've been happy to have VC funding subsidize my food via Hello
         | Fresh etc. whenever I'm inclined.
        
           | duxup wrote:
           | For one off transactions I am happy to ride the VC train.
           | 
           | For anything I want to trust or rely on, or it is a nice n
           | trivial task to switch I start to worry.
        
           | donmcronald wrote:
           | > If you're an investor that's a valid concern. But as a
           | user? I've been happy to have VC finding subsidize my food
           | via Hello Fresh etc. whenever I'm inclined.
           | 
           | It's not the same though because you're the end consumer in
           | that scenario and there's no downside to the business
           | disappearing tomorrow.
           | 
           | Instead, imagine if you built a restaurant serving food you
           | get from Hello Fresh. How do you price your meals to ensure
           | you're covering the _true_ cost of you inputs? Can you
           | compete with the guy down the street that isn 't smart enough
           | to realize part of their supply chain is being subsidized in
           | an unsustainable way? Probably not.
           | 
           | The whole setup simply makes for bad economics IMO. I'm glad
           | people in tech are finally catching on that VC money is the
           | equivalent of an unsustainable, hidden subsidy that's
           | difficult (or impossible) to calculate.
        
         | ris58h wrote:
         | Yeah, my FOSS web-app that used a free plan was shutdown by
         | Heroku a week ago. Never again.
        
           | kwar13 wrote:
           | I feel you! Just had to redeploy mine on another free hosting
           | service.
        
         | gofreddygo wrote:
         | In the same boat.
         | 
         | I want to see a clear sensible path to sustainable
         | profitability for my core software vendors and I want to see
         | some competition, not too much not too less, just enough.
         | 
         | Unfortunately, very very few companies fall in that narrow
         | category
        
         | hanspeter wrote:
         | That's interesting.
         | 
         | When I see such a message from a service where I'm a customer,
         | it removes worry.
         | 
         | - It validates the product.
         | 
         | - It tells me that they're more likely to succeed than their
         | competitors.
         | 
         | - I'm confident they won't go away anytime soon.
         | 
         | - I expect them to improve their product faster.
        
           | duxup wrote:
           | Gotta say I'm a little surprised, VC deciding to give money
           | to me doesn't indicate any of that.
           | 
           | To me that whole list is determined by actually turning a
           | profit based on your operations, not some VC.
        
         | josephd79 wrote:
         | I agree, here comes the feature creep. Decisions are made on
         | "What do I have to do to keep my investors happy" not what's
         | best for the product.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | We've been VC funded for many years, so I guess everything
           | we've been doing is creep!
        
       | lawrencechen wrote:
       | > There are two kinds of platform companies : the kind where you
       | can get your Python or Rust or Julia code running nicely, and the
       | kind where you find a way to recompile it to Javascript.
       | 
       | Playful jab on Cloudflare and Deno. Would be interesting if Fly
       | took up hosting "WASM containers" in addition to Docker
       | containers.
        
         | Havoc wrote:
         | Cloudflare works are/can be wasm too btw
        
         | ignoramous wrote:
         | That's a jab at wasmer, fermyon et al
         | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36508077), me thinks.
         | 
         | I think, the jab on Cloudflare was the "get a salesperson to
         | call" part.
        
       | OriginalMrPink wrote:
       | The headline and even the article reads like a big nothing
       | burger.
        
         | berkle4455 wrote:
         | A company with ~60 employees raising $70M seems pretty
         | noteworthy to me.
         | 
         | That's a lot of cash to go toward 14 jobs https://fly.io/jobs/.
        
           | lazyant wrote:
           | Not even 14 jobs, there's only one (or two) open positions
           | listed there.
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | We'll be hiring for many of these positions again shortly.
             | We weren't funding constrained, just people constrained;
             | there are whole sprawling threads on HN about how annoyed
             | we managed to make some people (a small minority of
             | applicants, but that doesn't make it any easier for us to
             | metabolize) with our responsiveness in our hiring process.
             | We halted most hiring to retool and nail down hiring
             | processes, and also to onboard all the people we hired (so
             | they can help us do more hiring stuff).
             | 
             | Raising lots of money to hire 2 people is a funny flex, so
             | I sort of wanted to leave this unanswered, but I also don't
             | want to miss an opportunity to put on a hairshirt and talk
             | about things we fucked up.
        
             | berkle4455 wrote:
             | Oh, damn, I didn't even notice that the job is listed
             | alongside a "no positions"
        
           | OriginalMrPink wrote:
           | I'm not doubting this at all. But let me be more specific
           | what I don't like about their communication.
           | 
           | "$70MM led by EQT Ventures." That's awesome, but what are you
           | giving away for this? Are founders selling their shares?
           | Where is the beef? $70M can be everything and nothing at the
           | same time.
           | 
           | "There are customers who are comfortable engaging with tiny
           | Fly.io, and others who are comfortable engaging with the
           | Fly.io that raised an additional $70M led by EQT ventures."
           | I'm pretty sure that your enterprise customers are already
           | wowed by a 25M infusion by AtoZ. So again, where is the beef,
           | especially after stating: "Why do startups write
           | announcements like these? We went back and forth on it. There
           | are lots of reasons, most of them dumb."
           | 
           | I can keep going with more examples. But the headlines says
           | it all. The 70M clickbait 'we raised a bunch of money" - wow,
           | so chill, bruv.
        
             | comice wrote:
             | > We're all adults here, we can talk about this stuff,
             | right?
             | 
             |  _proceeds to not really talk about it_
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | What more were you hoping to hear? We were really blunt
               | about it. We wrote this post in attempt to sign Alcoa as
               | a customer.
        
               | comice wrote:
               | as the OP says:
               | 
               | > but what are you giving away for this? Are founders
               | selling their shares? Where is the beef? $70M can be
               | everything and nothing at the same time.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | You get that there's a whole section of this post
               | headlined "Why We Raised A Bunch Of Money", right?
        
               | comice wrote:
               | yes and I reread it a few times in case I was missing
               | something. I even turned my adblocker off in case it was
               | removing the section that answers OP's questions but it
               | didn't appear.
               | 
               | It's obviously perfectly fine if you don't want to or
               | can't answer those questions and nobody is owed answers
               | to them.
               | 
               | Just, you're known for a straight talking style so the
               | omission is conspicuous.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | I honestly don't know what it is you're looking to hear.
               | We said what we're using the money for: hardware, rolling
               | out more regions, and a bunch more support and infra
               | engineers.
        
               | comice wrote:
               | you are telling us what fly will be spending the money
               | on.
               | 
               | what OP is asking is, what did the investors receive in
               | exchange for giving fly the money.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Stock.
        
               | comice wrote:
               | this might be the weirdest conversation I've ever had on
               | this weird site.
        
               | OriginalMrPink wrote:
               | "Why We Raised A Bunch Of Money" doesn't answer any of
               | the questions above. I've seen private equity rounds
               | disguised as traditional founding rounds, which is
               | neither very transparent, nor very honest. Raising 70M
               | just shortly after a 25M round makes me feel like there
               | was more at play then just 'raising' money tbh. But I
               | might be totally off here - but therefore disclosing a
               | bit more than you currently do might be really helpful.
        
               | OriginalMrPink wrote:
               | Really? What are you going to tell them after they
               | signed? "You bought it, suckers!"
               | 
               | You might have found your audience. But for me the
               | tonality of the post felt way off.
        
       | asadm wrote:
       | > There are two kinds of platform companies : the kind where you
       | can get your Python or Rust or Julia code running nicely, and the
       | kind where you find a way to recompile it to Javascript.
       | 
       | Throwing shade at cloudflare edge workers?
        
         | unshavedyak wrote:
         | Anyone familiar with an up-to-date comparison between the two
         | platforms?
        
       | robertlagrant wrote:
       | I'm in health tech and one killer feature would be being able to
       | route and store an individual's requests through and data in a
       | particular location. So I can deploy a health app backend that
       | allows its users to decide where to put their data.
        
         | thomasfortes wrote:
         | Something like this: https://fly.io/docs/reference/dynamic-
         | request-routing/#the-f...?
         | 
         | You probably would have to handle a lot of the logic by
         | yourself for privacy and security reason, but I think this is a
         | nice primitive to start from.
        
       | styren wrote:
       | I'm really struggling to understand fly.io's path to
       | profitability considering the relatively low margins for
       | SMB/hobby clouds. They could have the whole world on their free
       | tier but what happens when it's time for EQT to cash out?
       | 
       | Can they build enough features to make fly.io a serious option
       | for companies? I just can't see myself using it or pushing for it
       | at any of the companies I've worked for unless it's a <5 person
       | team with no need to scale in sight.
        
         | bishopsmother wrote:
         | "We make decent margins right now" - Funding and longevity [0]
         | (a post from July 2021).
         | 
         | [0] https://community.fly.io/t/funding-and-longevity/1957
        
         | SantaCruz11 wrote:
         | If this market was profitable, why Salesforce removed free tier
         | Heroku?
        
         | mrkurt wrote:
         | I don't want to sound flippant, because this is hard as fuck,
         | but the profitability path for us is reasonably simple: have
         | good unit margins, attract customers, help them grow.
         | 
         | We have good unit economics. The riskiest, most terrifying
         | thing we've done is start with our own hardware.
         | 
         | For dev focused infrastructure, what we need to do is attract a
         | lot of devs, get them to take us to work, and then help their
         | employers build better stuff over a long period of time. This
         | takes _forever_ because companies-with-procurement-processes
         | are designed to not buy critical infrastructure from startups.
         | 
         | It's working for us so far, even if it's not for you yet.
        
           | Shakahs wrote:
           | I'm genuinely curious, how does the hardware investment make
           | sense for a SaaS platform when bare metal can be leased as a
           | service from Equinix and such? It the difference in TCO
           | between bare metal you own and bare metal you lease really
           | that large after factoring in the cost of all the logistics
           | and labor?
        
           | electroly wrote:
           | The part I don't understand is the combination of these
           | statements you posted today:
           | 
           | > there's a market price for this stuff and we don't have
           | pricing power.
           | 
           | > We couldn't raise prices for VMs even if we wanted to
           | 
           | > the profitability path for us is reasonably simple: have
           | good unit margins
           | 
           | How do these square up? How can you reliably maintain good
           | margins if your competitors set your prices? And your
           | competitors have the scale to, for instance, design and
           | manufacture their own hardware rather than buying off-the-
           | shelf chips.
           | 
           | I would think the key would be _not_ to accept being a
           | commodity whose prices can be directly compared with other
           | hosters.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | I was hoping Kurt was going to do an extended spiel on
           | hardware margins and bandwidth pricing. You should keep
           | needling him for this, because it's super interesting.
        
             | kasey_junk wrote:
             | I want my ip address blog post!
        
             | wferrell wrote:
             | Please Kurt!
        
           | Dwolb wrote:
           | If your customers are really SMBs it'd make sense to partner
           | with low-code/no-code platforms.
           | 
           | Those things are so slow (for reasons which escape my small
           | brain).
        
             | toyg wrote:
             | Probably because they build their margins by overcharging
             | to run the resulting apps on oversubscribed AWS instances.
        
               | Dwolb wrote:
               | Its tough when revenues are costs are mismatched.
        
           | jacobsenscott wrote:
           | How hard is it to hire people who understand how a physical
           | server even works these days? Probably most engineers under
           | 40 have never touch a physical machine, under 30 maybe have
           | never seen an ethernet cable...
        
             | veave wrote:
             | I suppose you are being facetious because what you said
             | sounds absurd.
        
               | jacobsenscott wrote:
               | I am generalizing for a few lulz. But I've also worked
               | with people who have never seen a physical server -
               | they've told me. And mac dropped the ethernet port from
               | their laptops years ago. I've worked in offices where
               | everything is on wifi. So I'm sure you could find quite a
               | lot of younger devs who have literally never seen an
               | ethernet cord. Fwiw I've never seen token ring hardware.
        
           | styren wrote:
           | I'vve consulted for companies of all shapes and in many
           | different industries and when it comes to container
           | orchestration there are many hard requirements that platforms
           | like Heroku or Render don't address. If you can carve out a
           | niche for SMBs then great. Maintaining that lead in such a
           | competitive segment with price sensitive customers is hard.
           | 
           | I have no doubt that fly.io is a market leader right now just
           | judging just by optics, but I think it is hard to maintain
           | that lead in this segment just as I think it may be difficult
           | to go upmarket with this type of product.
        
             | esafak wrote:
             | What are the biggest unaddressed concerns?
        
       | muhammadusman wrote:
       | Having left DigitalOcean for Fly.io the DX is definitely an
       | improvement. I don't have any huge apps running there so can't
       | say how it scales but starting out has been super easy.
        
       | examplary_cable wrote:
       | I'm currently using fly.io and I have no complains so far(most of
       | the problems I had were my fault like a DNS/IP/Certification
       | problem).
        
       | pier25 wrote:
       | Congrats Kurt and the Fly team!!!!
        
       | dccoolgai wrote:
       | I don't understand all these comments coming out of the woodwork
       | like "oh, no - one day they may raise prices and try to be the
       | bad guys". I don't plan on using fly personally, but I don't
       | understand how you could look at another provider entering the
       | market and parse that as a "bad thing".
        
       | secondcoming wrote:
       | Wow, it took a really long time to get to what this company
       | claims to do.
       | 
       | Spinning up VMs. It's not difficult to do this on AWS or GCP.
        
       | davepeck wrote:
       | My impression is that when fly.io has been discussed in the
       | recent past on HN, the conversation tends to be less about
       | databases and more about Heroku alternatives. (?)
       | 
       | Out of curiosity, how _does_ fly.io see itself in relation to
       | Heroku?
        
         | Zetice wrote:
         | My impression is that when fly.io has been discussed in the
         | recent past on HN, its founders/employees/whatever swarm the
         | comments to try and control the conversation, heh.
        
           | lenocinor wrote:
           | Have you seen other attempts by other companies to do this
           | here, though? They often end badly. It only works for fly.io
           | because they know how to read the room and aren't trying to
           | do something horrible.
           | 
           | EDIT: Oh, and they often add valuable info to what they
           | posted, too.
        
             | unshavedyak wrote:
             | Yea, tbh i've not looked closely at fly before (but am
             | now), but i have seen exactly what you've said from other
             | companies.
             | 
             | The responses here do feel swarmed, but also informative,
             | "honest"[1], and often interesting about tech/mindset/etc.
             | 
             | This post swayed my upcoming DO purchase, so.. it works a
             | bit at least, hah.
             | 
             | [1]: As much as we can assume, of course.
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | I'd never used it before I joined Fly.io, but everybody else in
         | this company absolutely adored it; they're like the Rolling
         | Stones to our Black Crowes, the key influence.
        
         | mrkurt wrote:
         | Most of Heroku's revenue is from Postgres. They're arguably a
         | managed Postgres provider with some app hosting tooling (this
         | is not fair, but an interesting way to think about Heroku).
         | 
         | We're not Heroku. We _like_ how amazingly easy it is to get an
         | app up and running on Heroku. But most of us were interested in
         | flexing the underlying infrastructure to build new types of
         | apps. So Heroku felt very constrained.
         | 
         | We see ourselves as, like, a good RPG. Quick to get going,
         | rewarding and replayable when you go deep.
        
           | craigkerstiens wrote:
           | I'd dispute that MOST of the revenue is from Postgres, though
           | it is likely a very large double digit percentage of revenue.
           | 
           | Their managed Postgres got an unfair advantage early on by
           | being the default. With a new rails app you were just given a
           | Heroku Postgres database. Heroku's Postgres offering was over
           | 5 years ahead of RDS Postgres and a large part of the reason
           | Amazon added support for Postgres for years they fought it,
           | but eventually had to give into the constant customer
           | request. Unfortunately that innovation of Postgres has
           | stalled out a bit over time due to Salesforce starvation.
           | 
           | I do admit for what people think of as PaaS the Postgres
           | revenue is significant, the part people would probably be
           | surprised about is how much revenue the add-ons marketplace
           | constitutes.
           | 
           | Interestingly New Relic got the same privileged experience in
           | the early days and it resulted in the same type of revenue
           | and mass adoption for New Relic.
        
       | jacobsenscott wrote:
       | How is fly.io different (or even better) than just fronting your
       | entire app, including the dynamic content with cloudfront or
       | another CDN? The CDN is close to the client giving you low
       | latency ssl setup, which can be significant.
       | 
       | I get that this doesn't push your app servers to the edge, but
       | even if you did that you still pay the latency cost of hitting
       | your database in the bunker in Virginia. For many (most?) apps
       | this seems worse as you are making many round trips to the db for
       | a single web request. I would rather pay the latency cost on the
       | web request, and have fast access to the database from the app
       | server.
       | 
       | Seems like fly's target audience is mostly static content?
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | The exact opposite: we're a fullstack platform, so our target
         | audience is largely people who _don 't_ just host static
         | Javascript.
        
           | jacobsenscott wrote:
           | Maybe I'm mis-understanding the "Deploy App Servers Close to
           | Your Users" thing. I don't get how moving your app servers
           | far from your database makes things faster. Typically the app
           | is more chatty with the db than with the client. So it is
           | better for your app and db servers to be close together, even
           | if they are far from some segment of users. If fly made
           | distributed databases "heroku easy" that would be impressive,
           | but it seems that's not a part of the offering?
           | https://fly.io/docs/database-storage-guides/#other-
           | storage-a...
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | We have a "built-in" (for lack of a better term --- it's
             | just another Fly app) multi-region single-write-leader
             | clustered Postgres offering, but people also run their own
             | databases directly here; the core feature is regionalized
             | durable NVMe storage.
        
               | skybrian wrote:
               | Yes, with a big disclaimer that "this is not managed
               | Postgres" [1] and a list of alternatives at the end. As a
               | hobbyist building a small website for fun, I took the
               | hint and chose one of those.
               | 
               | You get to choose a region for your database, so now I'm
               | thinking about how I want to deal with that.
               | 
               | [1] https://fly.io/docs/postgres/getting-started/what-
               | you-should...
        
       | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
       | It's gonna be a sad day when they get bought by a larger company
       | and this writing style is crushed by corporate monotony.
        
         | philipwhiuk wrote:
         | See also the Match Group moment for the OkCupid blog, the
         | Oracle moment for Renesys/DynResearch.
        
       | whitepoplar wrote:
       | Since you're hosting your own hardware, one request: if you end
       | up doing managed Postgres, _please_ give customers as much fast,
       | local NVMe storage as they can use. 1M IOPS? Done. 10TB database
       | on local NVMe? No problem.
        
         | mrkurt wrote:
         | Local NVMe makes this a much more fun project than it would
         | have been 10 years ago.
        
       | killthebuddha wrote:
       | It's always seemed to me that Fly has a really awesome, modern
       | perspective on software engineering and that they'd be a great
       | place to work, but I've also always felt like there's a glaring
       | inconsistency between their marketing and product. What I mean is
       | it seems like their marketing (and docs) are all about how
       | trivial it is to spin up globally distributed app servers but the
       | only customers who would need globally distributed app servers
       | are almost certainly not worried about spinning up app servers
       | because they've already got extremely mature platforms with
       | globally distributed data stores. It makes me feel like I'm
       | misunderstanding something fundamental about internet application
       | architectures.
        
         | esafak wrote:
         | It means you can pick them without worrying about whether your
         | startup will have to migrate once it scales.
        
           | logifail wrote:
           | > without worrying about whether your startup will have to
           | migrate once it scales
           | 
           | ... except "once it scales", you realise that you're paying
           | through the nose for cloud services "because growth", so you
           | end up looking at on-prem again, and finally decide it's
           | better value?
        
             | esafak wrote:
             | At that scale you have discounted multi-year agreements.
             | It's a good problem to have.
        
         | pphysch wrote:
         | It's the age old conundrum where every other startup presumes
         | they will hit "Google-scale" and therefore needs the latest
         | shiny Google-scale architecture from day 1, whether that is
         | K8s, SPA, GraphQL, or edge deployments.
         | 
         | Sell spades during a gold rush.
        
       | joshcanhelp wrote:
       | A but if a side note but ... their jobs page is pretty great.
       | Nothing available but they already have very specific and
       | interesting descriptions written for all the positions they have
       | or expect to have. Feels like they are being very mindful about
       | the company they are building.
        
       | geraldwhen wrote:
       | " The result of this is an Internet where all of the world's CRUD
       | apps are hosted in Loudoun County, VA (motto: "where tradition
       | meets innovation"), at Amazon's us-east-1 in Ashburn, a city with
       | so many Rails apps that one of them was elected to the county
       | Board of Supervisors."
       | 
       | So true it hurts
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | How much of the raise is directly attributable to the fact that
         | their early staff has at least two excellent writers on it?
         | 
         | Their brand marketing is impeccable as a result. Every post on
         | their blog comes through with this very clear, slightly snarky
         | voice.
         | 
         | If you want to be a famous hacker, you must also be a slightly
         | (industry) famous author.
        
           | madeofpalk wrote:
           | It's great, and it shows in their docs also.
           | 
           | Their tone of voice reminds me of early Slack before that
           | became rote and boring.
        
           | jeremy_k wrote:
           | I've thought a lot about this too. Their blog posts are
           | consistently interesting and well written. I wonder how much
           | of their success is related to the product marketing as well?
        
             | swyx wrote:
             | theyre extremely correlated. writing is thinking.
        
           | xNeil wrote:
           | Genuine question - what does being a hacker have to do with
           | being an author?
        
             | sneak wrote:
             | It's like that scene at the end of Dr Strangelove - "why
             | didn't you tell the world, eh?!"
             | 
             | Doing stuff isn't enough - you also need to communicate to
             | the Earth that you have done stuff.
        
             | xeromal wrote:
             | A lot of the famous SF folk are known for being a bit
             | opinionated and snarky in their writing.
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | Hard to say but good devrel drives grassroots adoption.
           | Ultimately, though, VCs no longer will fund without revenue
           | growth in addition to user growth.
        
           | hgsgm wrote:
           | Does VC like snarky?
           | 
           | Snarky is passable in open source, a genius whose abrasive
           | manner is the cost of the amazing product.
           | 
           | In a corpo it's sleazy
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | kkielhofner wrote:
         | People forget AWS is 20 years old. When I routinely remind
         | people of that fact they often remark (incredulously) with
         | "WHAT? Really?" When I think about it the entire paradigm of
         | "regions" itself seems completely antiquated in the grand
         | scheme of things. AWS has made a few moves on this but in the
         | end you're largely still tied to this fundamental regional
         | concept in terms of control planes, etc and you incur the
         | ridiculousness that is VPCs, wild billing and availability
         | issues, all kinds of hacks, stacks, and effort all over the
         | place to have multiple regions/AZs, etc.
         | 
         | I suspect that later starters like Fly, Cloudflare, etc with
         | their approaches of (more or less) compute at edge with no
         | concept of region etc will grow more and more to dominate the
         | cloud space with AWS region-based approaches primarily
         | relegated to "legacy applications" that are stuck there. It may
         | take a generation or so to get there but more and more the next
         | crop of startups, etc are building on things like Fly instead
         | of AWS and friends.
         | 
         | When I think about it the region based approaches are more akin
         | to "hosted elastic datacenter" than they are what could be
         | described as a "true cloud" - where it's just everywhere and
         | not even a consideration.
        
           | scarface_74 wrote:
           | I work at AWS all opinions are my own.
           | 
           | AWS does have local zones and has Lambda at Edge. I will be
           | the first to admit though that the local zones are tied to
           | regional zones and that some global services are tied to us-
           | east-1 like IAM.
        
           | kortilla wrote:
           | The realities of regions don't go away. It's a primitive to
           | save you money. If a new entrant doesn't have it they are
           | either just operating in one region or you're paying cross-
           | region prices for everything.
        
             | 015a wrote:
             | It really doesn't though. Sure, it would if the difference
             | is only "16 mega-regions (regional-model) versus 300 mini-
             | regions (edge)". But that's not the difference.
             | 
             | The actual difference, at least how Cloudflare pushes it,
             | is in the software; its a higher layer of abstraction; that
             | customers get to stop thinking about regions and locations.
             | Your software is global; its deployed everywhere; it runs
             | everywhere.
             | 
             | This is ENTIRELY antithetical to everything on AWS except
             | CloudFront, Route53, IAM(ish), maybe a couple other minor
             | services. Every Single Thing Every Single AWS Customer
             | configures beyond those global services forces you into a
             | region. Want to deploy a lambda function? Which region
             | would you like? Pricing and available products is different
             | in every region. Fronting it with an API? Where would you
             | like that API Gateway? We'll put CloudFront in front of it
             | so its a bit faster for ya, its global(ish), don't worry.
             | 
             | In a no-true-scottsman true-edge world, this goes out the
             | window. Cloudflare Workers is like this; D1 is kinda-ish-
             | there-ish; R2 isn't. Here's the code; spider it across the
             | world; automatically route clients to your closest PoP. No
             | regions. No locations.
             | 
             | Its not obvious that AWS will ever make meaningful moves to
             | a world like this, for a ton of reasons, but most
             | meaningfully: it requires customer demand; but AWS's
             | existing customers aren't demanding it, because AWS's
             | customers are old CTOs worried about past quarters too much
             | to think about the next one. The younger, smarter,
             | potential customers who recognize how valuable this is
             | aren't AWS's customers; so AWS never hears from them
             | (which, by the way, should more generally concern Amazon's
             | investors; their "relentless customer driven" approach to
             | their products is great for a few decades, but its
             | absolutely true that most of the time customers just want a
             | faster horse, and you're not hearing from the people who
             | aren't your customers because you've never solved their
             | problems before). So, Amazon has dumped billions upon
             | billions into their couple-dozen giga-regions; you _cannot_
             | pivot that into hundreds upon hundreds of mini-regions like
             | what Cloudflare (and to a lesser but still awesome degree
             | Fly) has.
             | 
             | Vercel is _the best_ case study on this. They are exploding
             | in popularity. They don 't run any of their own infra
             | afaik, to be clear, but they whitelabel products from
             | Cloudflare, Neon, and others; all Edge infra providers. No
             | one on Vercel is cross-shopping AWS, and AWS has nothing
             | that feels competitive to what Vercel offers. They can't
             | compete.
             | 
             | The outcome, in maybe 10-20 years, of this landscape feels
             | _really_ obvious right now, but AWS 's size and the insane
             | scale of their investment into "how we did things in 2010"
             | will turn them into the next IBM. Some would say they
             | already are. There's nothing they can do about it. They're
             | not making the right investments. Even if they wanted to,
             | they can't at the necessary scale, because what they're
             | doing is working right now and their existing customers
             | keep forcing them to spend more money building more
             | structures, more racks, more blades, all in Ashburn VA.
        
             | kkielhofner wrote:
             | Cloudflare products and pricing (what I'm most familiar
             | with) are in wild opposition to this view.
             | 
             | I've never seen anything even remotely hinting at region or
             | geography in their product line other than geo-routing for
             | load balancing products, headers with geo info for you to
             | do something with, etc. They include the serving "POP" in
             | headers for diagnostic purposes but other than that you
             | have no idea.
             | 
             | Where do my Workers run? Don't know, don't care. They are
             | substantially cheaper and offer better availability and
             | response times than their region-based "cloud" competitors.
             | Same for KV, D1, R2, and anything else they come up with as
             | they move further and further in (out?).
             | 
             | One would expect with them having the ability to allocate
             | supporting hardware dynamically and globally their cost
             | basis is substantially better than having customer facing
             | and controlled region-based resources that still need to be
             | built out for product support (regardless of usage) AND
             | maintain the excess capacity local to each region to be
             | anywhere near "elastic".
        
               | aeyes wrote:
               | Cloudflare also depends on investor money, they haven't
               | made a profit ever and continue to just throw stuff at
               | the wall to grow.
               | 
               | At some point in time they'll have to start thinking
               | about profitability.
        
               | short_sells_poo wrote:
               | It's important to qualify this though. E.g. Amazon was
               | not profitable for a very long time, but only because
               | they furiously reinvested everything. They could've
               | turned profitable at any time.
               | 
               | Assuming Cloudflare is a similar case to Amazon: ie they
               | could turn profitable at any time but choose to reinvest
               | those profits immediately into more business, that is a
               | very good spot to be in.
        
               | applied_heat wrote:
               | Big assumption?
        
               | grog454 wrote:
               | > Where do my Workers run? Don't know, don't care
               | 
               | Glad that works for you but for my game servers edge
               | computing is not ideal and generally currently not even
               | applicable.
        
               | SantaCruz11 wrote:
               | Who do you use for game server edge computing? Edgegap?
        
           | asim wrote:
           | THIS. No one cares about regions, you just care that the app
           | is fast and globally available. The way we did things is a
           | relic of the past and everyone mimics it because trying to
           | guide new user behaviour is hard. The reality is we just need
           | the app to be globally deployed with a globally distributed
           | database and anycast DNS to route you to the local most DC.
           | There's a lot more to it, have built this architecture more
           | than a couple times, but it all needs to be in the service of
           | something and if you're UX isn't better than the next guy, it
           | won't matter much.
        
             | aleksiy123 wrote:
             | This is MAY be true consumer applications and even then not
             | all.
             | 
             | But it is rarely true for enterprise customers. They want
             | the guarantees their data never leaves certain regions even
             | in a request along with other security and compliance
             | guarantees.
        
             | makestuff wrote:
             | Regions do matter for stuff like GDPR though. It is
             | beneficial to know that all of the data is in the EU region
             | and will stay there.
        
             | SamuelAdams wrote:
             | As a counterpoint, anyone working with compliance data
             | needs to know and be certain that data does not cross geo-
             | boundaries. Intelligence data for US gov't agencies must
             | typically be kept stateside: AWS uses the GovCloud region
             | specifically for satisfying gov compliance requirements.
             | 
             | Passing HIPAA data through other countries when not needed
             | to is generally frowned upon - data should be kept as local
             | as reasonably possible. I haven't worked with GDPR
             | requirements but I have heard they are similar. AWS solved
             | this problem well with regions. I'm curious what other
             | providers that are "regionless" do to solve the compliance
             | problem.
        
               | kentonv wrote:
               | Compliance is a completely different conversation.
               | 
               | In the Cloudflare Workers platform, we have a number of
               | features to control "jurisdictions" where compute runs or
               | where data is stored. These are meant for compliance, not
               | for performance. Our goal is that no one has to think
               | about regions for performance reasons, but certainly
               | compliance issues are not going to go away -- in fact,
               | they are getting more onerous over time. So features to
               | control jurisdiction are likely to expand.
               | 
               | (I'm the tech lead for Workers.)
        
               | kkielhofner wrote:
               | Cloudflare does this although to my knowledge it's not
               | available without an Enterprise subscription which is the
               | only thing they offer with this level of compliance
               | anyway.
               | 
               | All lower plans maybe get PCI DSS and that's it.
               | 
               | It's a valid counter to my point - while they clearly can
               | do it locking it behind an enterprise "talk to us"
               | subscription is lame. That said they are generally
               | customer, market, and product savvy and I suspect they
               | know that any/most orgs that are able to pull off the
               | broader process, etc for actual compliance with these
               | requirements are in fundamentally different positions
               | than some random startup with a bunch of consumer data.
               | 
               | We're also seeing more and more ambiguity with coaching
               | platform startups, etc who don't have a covered entity in
               | sight but that's a different topic for a different day.
               | 
               | I've spent most of my career in HIPAA-relevant startups.
               | Generally, I think it's actually a disservice all around
               | for Amazon to basically rubber stamp these architectures
               | and solutions with a HIPAA BAA so that companies _think_
               | they can call themselves  "HIPAA compliant". That's not
               | even what it's supposed to mean, let alone the virtually
               | endless issues and process that need to happen throughout
               | the org for "compliant" to actually mean anything. I
               | haven't reviewed it but I'm certain the AWS BAA is so
               | specific and exclusionary it's trivial to step outside of
               | what it covers.
               | 
               | Yes these agreements are a piece of the puzzle but it's
               | completely reckless to throw something together in AWS,
               | present the BAA to a customer, and call yourselves "HIPAA
               | compliant". Savvy customers, investors, etc will call you
               | out but otherwise it's mostly just a matter of time
               | before you discover your standalone AWS BAA is actually
               | just one of the things on a 50 point (or whatever)
               | checklist.
        
           | cnity wrote:
           | The question of whether "the edge" takes off will come down
           | to whether or not the culture at large will swallow the
           | illusion at its heart. You cannot remove the concept of a
           | region any more than you can remove the concept of "the
           | computer" in a cloud environment.
        
             | pests wrote:
             | > any more than you can remove the concept of "the
             | computer" in a cloud environment
             | 
             | But that's just not true. Tons of cloud services completely
             | abstract the computer out of the picture. You are paying
             | for capacity or throughput as an abstract unit of cost and
             | the cloud configures as many computers as needed to run
             | your request. You never interact with anything resembling a
             | computer in this situation.
        
               | lightbendover wrote:
               | Except, you _always_ interact with computerS no matter
               | what provider or architecture you use. It 's inescapable
               | as long as you're doing business in software. The trade-
               | offs in architecture and regionality do NOT go away just
               | because a company abstracts over it. They may be able to
               | set up read replicas and consensus on the fly and be able
               | to detect when various approaches make the most sense,
               | but you are still at the mercy of the accompanying
               | constraints. For most use cases, none of this may matter.
               | When you do run into a use case where it matters, you
               | should be fully aware of what trade-offs you're making
               | and have control over them.
               | 
               | Not to mention, regions matter when you're serious.
               | GDPR/DSA/DMA/India/China -- the list goes on. Certain
               | data must live in certain bubbles.
        
             | kkielhofner wrote:
             | "The cloud is just someone else's computer" - that ship
             | sailed at least a decade ago.
        
           | alpha_squared wrote:
           | > It may take a generation or so to get there but more and
           | more the next crop of startups, etc are building on things
           | like Fly instead of AWS and friends.
           | 
           | I'm currently at a startup that started on Aptible a few
           | years ago because there was a lack of expertise in systems
           | development. We're now in the process of migrating to AWS
           | natively because of cost savings (it's why I was hired).
           | Aptible is costing us 3-4x what native AWS will. Yes, we're
           | incurring some operational overhead, but the automation and
           | tooling for managing infra is reasonably mature (Terragrunt &
           | Terraform aren't perfect, but they work well enough).
           | 
           | Ultimately, startups may _start_ with higher-level cloud
           | providers, but they 'll eventually migrate to lower-level
           | providers eventually. At the higher end of the growth curve,
           | companies likely wind up getting back to on-prem in some way.
        
           | bfung wrote:
           | Stateless compute is relatively simple to be region-less, but
           | even fly's homepage has a map of regions.
           | 
           | When state is introduced, then CAP/PACELC distributed systems
           | issues arise, and figuring out approaches to deal with them
           | are a must. Read fly's Postgres docs, and regions come right
           | back in.
        
             | bob1029 wrote:
             | > When state is introduced
             | 
             | Only the most trivial business systems can operate without
             | _any_ state.
             | 
             | If your application has any sort of _shared, mutable_
             | state, you absolutely need to pick a region, or go really
             | deep into the EC /consensus/clustering rabbit hole. With a
             | dedicated region with 1 big DB, you can achieve latency
             | figures (over the shared state) that would be infeasible
             | with other schemes. Serializing transactions in a
             | distributed manner is a circus compared to what Postgres
             | has to do to achieve the same.
             | 
             | For better or worse, sticking a big SQL database in exactly
             | one region will almost always be the best path for most
             | forms of business. If latency/edge are _still_ a concern at
             | this point, that 's when we maybe start talking about more
             | specific geographies and standing up read replicas in those
             | regions. In my experience, if you are peddling B2B webapps,
             | no one will ever complain about east vs west coast latency
             | unless you actually screwed something up in code.
        
               | swyx wrote:
               | im relatively well read on databases and couldnt figure
               | out - what is the EC in your comment? EC2?
        
               | bob1029 wrote:
               | eventual consistency
        
             | kkielhofner wrote:
             | This is Fly - a much earlier stage company and them
             | receiving early funding is the genesis of this entire
             | discussion.
             | 
             | I point to Cloudflare (what I'm most familiar with). Across
             | their entire stack of compute, storage, db, etc product
             | lines you won't see a hint of region anywhere. It just
             | works, everywhere. Same with Fastly/Oracle (although they
             | like Fly are quite a ways behind Cloudflare).
             | 
             | I suspect (hope) that as Fly matures their apparent true
             | goal of edge and region-less applications will mature more.
             | Their compromises on region awareness for DB has always
             | struck me as a more of a resource restraint compromise on
             | their part than end goal. As you say these challenges are
             | hard (expensive).
        
               | bob1029 wrote:
               | > you won't see a hint of region anywhere.
               | 
               | https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/learning/data-
               | location/                 Hint Hint description
               | wnam Western North America       enam Eastern North
               | America       weur Western Europe       eeur Eastern
               | Europe       apac Asia-Pacific
               | 
               | There is no free lunch here. This is always a game of
               | information theory and physics at the end.
        
               | skybrian wrote:
               | "Won't see a hint of region anywhere" is an exaggeration.
               | 
               | Here's the Durable Objects documentation [1]. Don't those
               | "location hints" look like regions?
               | 
               | Also, here's the "Data location" page for Cloudflare D1
               | [2]. See "available hints" at the bottom.
               | 
               | I think it would be more accurate to say that
               | Cloudflare's architecture is designed around having lots
               | of regions, automatic migrations between them, and no
               | guarantee about which one you'll get. But they're still
               | there.
               | 
               | [1] https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/runtime-
               | apis/durab...
               | 
               | [2] https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/learning/data-
               | location/
        
               | kentonv wrote:
               | These are offered more as an escape hatch in case the
               | system doesn't do what you want automatically. But the
               | goal is definitely for the system to do what you want
               | automatically, so that no one ever has to provide these
               | hints.
               | 
               | I actually argued against adding these hints at all,
               | since it confuses the messaging and most people don't
               | need them... but they were easy to add and solved an
               | immediate problem for a few customers, so we did.
               | 
               | In other cases we've held firm. For example, some people
               | have wanted to restrict their Workers to run in specific
               | regions because the Worker made lots of requests to a
               | specific back-end in that region. Instead of actually
               | offering explicit hints, we built a system to detect this
               | automatically: https://blog.cloudflare.com/announcing-
               | workers-smart-placeme...
               | 
               | In any case, most people don't have to think about
               | regions on Workers, and for the few that do, our goal is
               | to change that.
               | 
               | (I'm the tech lead for Cloudflare Workers.)
        
           | washywashy wrote:
           | Regions also important for more regulated geographies
        
         | buf wrote:
         | I'm at least 50 of them
        
         | candiddevmike wrote:
         | Unfortunately for fly, us-east-1 has better reliability then
         | their product.
        
           | jchw wrote:
           | Honestly though, Fly.io feels like it's off into the future
           | in terms of hosting platforms. Undoubtedly they'll have to
           | work on the reliability problems, not denying that - however,
           | for anyone that can tolerate a bit of reliability issues,
           | which to be honest, is more people than will readily admit
           | it, it might just be worth the trouble for developer
           | experience that legitimately feels like it's from the future.
        
             | candiddevmike wrote:
             | What good is a product like this if it's not stable? Most
             | folks can yolo a global infrastructure if they disregard
             | SLAs...
        
               | jchw wrote:
               | It's definitely not unusably unstable, at least from my
               | PoV, and in fact, I haven't really been hit by most of
               | the instability personally; or at least, if I have, it
               | has gone mostly unnoticed by me. I had an issue where I
               | couldn't deploy for a while, but the services that were
               | up seemed fine. (Disclaimer: I do not use the
               | Redis/database features.)
               | 
               | That said, the point I'm trying to make is that it is in
               | fact a lot nicer to use than simply YOLOing whatever onto
               | servers. This model of PaaS is basically what App Engine
               | should have been. It's difficult to want to go back once
               | you've used it.
        
           | arandr0x wrote:
           | I've worked on the reliability team at a place that made what
           | they call an "edgy app" (long before fly, so we made our own
           | stuff on baremetal) and to be fair, reliability is the actual
           | challenge when you're talking multi-region seamless
           | deployments of scalable web platforms. It makes or breaks
           | that kind of product at least for the original market.
           | 
           | Money doesn't contribute all that much to solving it though.
           | It's usually time to make the early mistakes, continuous
           | improvements, etc. But AWS had several decades to solve this,
           | whereas fly clearly hasn't, so I'm not sure I'd count them
           | out yet.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | We're not. For a company of our age and scale? To claim
           | competitive reliability to the world's most important data
           | center? Risible. We're making fun of the fact that everybody
           | deploys their apps in a random city in Virginia with like 3
           | restaurants in it. We're not saying they're dumb to do it, or
           | that Ashburn isn't up to the challenge --- it self-evidently
           | is.
           | 
           | (The comment I'm responding to said something about people in
           | glass houses not throwing stones, but was then edited).
        
             | candiddevmike wrote:
             | You guys may want to rebrand once you get your issues
             | sorted out. Fly is going to have the same problem as btrfs,
             | where folks will have a hard time deciding if it's ready
             | for production yet.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | It's comments like this that moved me to claim, in our
               | infra/ops job post, the benefit "The most lovable user
               | base in the whole technology industry, and a company
               | culture that will keep you in touch with them directly."
        
               | culi wrote:
               | Fly.io was the darling of the webhosting world amongst
               | techworkers particularly because of the honest
               | transparent communication and blog posts explicitly
               | admitting fuck ups
               | 
               | Raising a bunch of money just isn't a "good" announcement
               | to most of us. When unpopular things have happened with
               | the company, your communication usually directly
               | acknowledges and focuses on the concerns of the userbase.
               | This serves two purposes:
               | 
               | 1. It gives you a chance to show concrete steps to
               | prevent specific concerns we have
               | 
               | 2. Perhaps more importantly, it shows we're all on the
               | same page and you're actually in touch with how your
               | userbase thinks
               | 
               | Failing on #1 is something you can fix later, but I've
               | never seen a company rebound from losing the trust gained
               | by #2. It loses confidence that future decisions made can
               | also be equally out of touch.
               | 
               | I've never seen a company rebound from losing that
               | confidence
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | If we're "honest" and "transparent", it's not a conscious
               | strategy to sign up customers. It's just the easiest way
               | for us to write. Meanwhile: we're a hardware-based global
               | hosting company. We've always been externally funded.
               | That's how you build a global hardware-backed hosting
               | company, because servers and colocation and infra
               | engineers are expensive.
               | 
               | There are things that happen that disappoint customers
               | that we care a lot about. Reliability issues several
               | months ago absolutely fit that bill. So does hiring: we
               | paused hiring for most of our engineering roles because
               | we weren't happy with the experience candidates were
               | getting. I don't know how "honest" and "transparent" we
               | are about those things, but I do feel like when we're
               | asked about them, we give straight answers.
               | 
               | There are other things that happen that disappoint people
               | that we don't care so much about. Being unhappy that we
               | took external funding to build out our fleet and improve
               | reliability would count as one of those things. Again
               | with the straight answers: I wouldn't expect us to spend
               | too much time trying to "rebound" from this announcement.
        
             | alex_lav wrote:
             | To be fair (this comment is mostly a joke), Ashburn/Loudoun
             | County is pretty nice for a suburb/strip mall hell. I've
             | had some really good food in that area.
        
             | rirze wrote:
             | Ashburn does not have "like three restaurants". The
             | datacenter zoned part of the city has "like three
             | restaurants". If you ever drove >5 minutes from those large
             | shed warehouses, you'd know what you're talking about.
        
               | mike_d wrote:
               | You are probably thinking of Sterling, Chantilly, etc.
               | 
               | Ashburn is literally like the Embassy Suites next to the
               | Five Guys, the Aloft next to the taco place, Equinix,
               | Digital Reality, Verizon, NTT, CenturyLink, etc.
        
             | hgsgm wrote:
             | Does PR know you are posting this? Number of restaurants is
             | a measurement of hosting quality? Uptime doesn't matter?
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | This is neither here nor there, but every time I read a
               | comment like this, all I can think about is that scene in
               | The Office where Dwight Schrute is screaming into his
               | cell phone "Are you saying you invented paper?!"
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | The Office? Dwight Schrute?
               | 
               | ARE YOU SAYING YOU INVENTED THE OFFICE?
        
               | xNeil wrote:
               | Yeah this is pretty funny - if you speak to PR before
               | posting something, it's 'PR-riddled bull** written by
               | some executive', or 'corporate talk'. If you don't speak
               | to PR before posting something, it's 'Did you speak to PR
               | before posting this?' There's no winning.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | ralgozino wrote:
               | the whole point is deploying closer to your users, unless
               | your customer base is the owners of those restaurants, it
               | would be better to deploy to other (even all!) regions
        
           | nickpeterson wrote:
           | Well if you're right maybe in a couple years we'll see a 'We
           | razed a bunch of money' post, seems on brand.
        
             | mrkurt wrote:
             | I was planning an "Our incredible journey" post, but "We
             | razed a bunch of money" is much better.
        
               | nickpeterson wrote:
               | It's from the Joker school of money management. Although
               | I believe he only burns his half.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | awkward wrote:
         | Unfortunately, the motto is "I byde my time". Seems like he
         | could have still made a joke without making it up.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | We got this off the Loudoun County website! We do our
           | research for these things!
        
             | margalabargala wrote:
             | While "where tradition meets innovation" is a set of words
             | that the county puts on their logo, and appears to meet the
             | definition of a motto, the parent is correct that the
             | Official Motto is indeed "I Byde My Time".
             | 
             | https://www.loudoun.gov/177/Coat-of-Arms
             | 
             | "Where Tradition Meets Innovation" appears to be a branding
             | push by the county dating to 2019 rather than an official
             | motto.
             | https://www.loudoun.gov/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/8563
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | People wonder why I'm so addicted to this site, but I
               | mean, it's obvious right here, isn't it?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | yieldcrv wrote:
         | > that one of them was elected to the county Board of
         | Supervisors.
         | 
         | can you explain this part of the joke?
        
           | afterburner wrote:
           | Maybe also related to the recent news of a small town in
           | Delaware allowing corporations to vote in municipal elections
           | (not a new thing for Delaware apparently).
        
           | SonOfLilit wrote:
           | In Florida you have so many hispanic citizens that they have
           | significant representation in local politics. In this
           | specific county you have more cloud servers serving rails
           | apps. However, they're not citizens and can't get elected to
           | public service.
        
             | titanomachy wrote:
             | This answer, while correct, somehow feels very GPT.
        
               | SonOfLilit wrote:
               | Honestly the question felt very Llama in the sense that
               | it didn't really pass my Turing test, so I couldn't
               | really answer it in a way that didn't feel robotic.
        
           | arandr0x wrote:
           | In a reverse Turing moment, I actually submitted this joke to
           | a chatbot, and it got it.
        
             | yieldcrv wrote:
             | ChatGPT doesn't know that I was hoping there was some truth
             | to it after September 2021.
        
           | dswalter wrote:
           | The idea is that Rails apps are such a large portion of the
           | population that they elected a representative from within
           | themselves.
           | 
           | It's not intended to be taken literally (I assume).
        
             | LeifCarrotson wrote:
             | EC2 instances are almost certainly a supermajority of the
             | population. What's surprising is that there are still
             | humans on the county board!
             | 
             | Must be gerrymandering or something, maybe aided by voter
             | suppression by English speakers against those in the county
             | whose native language is x86-64.
        
               | jeremyjh wrote:
               | Most Rails apps just aren't engaged politically. More
               | education and activism is necessary to mobilize them.
        
         | jonluca wrote:
         | This is a weird coincedence - I just published a blog post on
         | this two days ago https://blog.jonlu.ca/posts/snappy-internet
        
           | mrkurt wrote:
           | This effect is _bananas_. The internet feels remarkably
           | different in Sydney and Tokyo than it does in Chicago.
        
       | lobo_tuerto wrote:
       | Hope you can implement a dark mode for your blog/site now that
       | you are big.
       | 
       | Or at least make it friendly to Dark Reader (a well known browser
       | extension for sites that don't implement a dark mode). Currently
       | all your code blocks are black rectangles under it (easy to turn
       | the offending style off using dev tools).
        
       | dorongrinstein wrote:
       | Fly.io marketing is top notch. Unlike fly.io,
       | https://controlplane.com lets you run at the edge, super easily
       | but on any compute substrate, not just on one vendor's (Equinix).
       | Your own machines, your own AWS, GCP, Azure, Oracle, Hetzner,
       | Linode, Contabo, etc. accounts, or on Control Plane's many
       | locations in all clouds. On Control Plane you instantly define a
       | "Global Virtual Cloud" made up of any location you specify (your
       | own, or ours, or both). You get a GLOBAL endpoint where a
       | customer in NY gets a response from aws-us-east2 for example, and
       | a customer in L.A. gets a response from aws-us-west2 for example.
       | Of course, AWS is just one of many locations you get run compute
       | on. We're about to release a multi-master Postgres offering and
       | unlike Fly.io, we're 100% K8s, but if you don't know a thing
       | about K8s, you're in luck. You don't need to know a thing about
       | Kubernetes. You simply get secrets management, logs, metrics,
       | tracing, alerting, mutual TLS between services, service
       | discovery, software defined VPN between locations, private link
       | support, direct connect support, your unlimited logs, metrics,
       | audit trail all included and military grade fine-grained access
       | control, audit trail and extreme cost optimization - you pay by
       | the millicore of CPU and MB of RAM. The best part is that you can
       | mix-n-match ANY of the services of AWS, GCP and Azure (Big Table,
       | RDS, DynamoDB, Active Directory, S3, etc.) and not deal with IAM
       | (identity & access management) complexity. Never deal with
       | credentials and go from code --> unbreakable TLS endpoint in 30
       | seconds. If AWS goes down your endpoint is humming along. You get
       | all the control, without the pain. If you are already a K8s
       | expert and have Helm charts, CRDs, controllers and other existing
       | compute artifacts, we support you out of the box. If you don't
       | know cloud-native - that is OK: just check in your code, the
       | platform containerizes it for you and BOOM - you get a TLS
       | endpoint (with your own domain) and you'll never hear things like
       | "the certificate expired, prometheus fell over, vault needs to be
       | upgraded, we need a new version of Istio, etc.". I urge you to
       | see a demo because a talking about it and seeing it are
       | completely different things. Feel free to visit
       | https://controlplane.com and I promise you will be shocked in a
       | good way.
       | 
       | Doron, CEO of Control Plane Corporation.
        
         | philipwhiuk wrote:
         | What do you mean by "your own machines", especially given you
         | mention Equinix who host physical servers.
        
         | ignoramous wrote:
         | Congratulations, CP looks neat. I am compelled to point out, I
         | am mostly shocked by the lack of paragraphs.
        
       | smallerfish wrote:
       | Congrats! Please focus on getting your documentation cleaned up,
       | your cli consistent, and bugs excised. Your platform is good, and
       | doesn't need too many additional features. Make it all cleaner,
       | rinse and repeat.
        
       | sriram_sun wrote:
       | I really like the "Here's what's not changing" section. Honorable
       | mention for Twilio. Also, the kind of platform companies where
       | you sign up and play tend to get acquired and become the kind
       | where you sign up and a sales person calls you!
        
         | ericghildyal wrote:
         | I've been going through the sales gauntlet lately for a new
         | company I'm working on, and it's ROUGH!
         | 
         | I hacked together a prototype using free tiers and easy-to-
         | access sandbox environments and guess what, we're gonna
         | transition to the paid tier after getting some feedback on the
         | MVP. At this point, it doesn't matter if a competitor's sales
         | person can give us a better deal "because it's the end of the
         | quarter" merely due to the fact that the code has already been
         | written.
        
       | wesleyyue wrote:
       | Please implement better support for rolling back deployments!
        
       | gaffneyc wrote:
       | I'm a pretty happy Fly.io customer and glad to see the direction
       | things have been going overall. While it's great to see Fly is
       | getting more resources to continue improving and building the
       | business I worry about the inevitable VC Countdown Clock to Exit.
       | 
       | What does this new round mean for Fly's long term independence?
        
         | mrkurt wrote:
         | I don't think we can build a company like this without a lot of
         | money.
         | 
         | We're to the point where we're making $10-25mm capital
         | expenditures in one go. And we _have_ to to optimize our own
         | costs. Optimizing our own costs means long term independence.
         | 
         | What I think I've learned about VCs is: the trick to long term
         | independence is to find investors who already value the sales
         | mechanism. Bottoms up, dev focused "sales" is something
         | investors like, now (this was not true in 2012).
        
       | buf wrote:
       | Having grown up on Heroku, it's such a breath of fresh air to see
       | companies innovating in this space. Render, Fly are the big ones,
       | but even little one-man shops like Hatchbox are good enough to
       | deploy medium-scale production apps.
       | 
       | Kudos to these companies, the VCs, and the beta testers.
        
       | mirchiseth wrote:
       | Razing money or not as a self proclaimed PaaS geek I have always
       | enjoyed reading fly.io blogs. Two of my favorites are How they
       | run containers as VMs [1] and How they outgrew Hashicorp Nomad
       | and wrote their own scheduler [2]
       | 
       | [1] - https://fly.io/blog/docker-without-docker/ [2] -
       | https://fly.io/blog/carving-the-scheduler-out-of-our-orchest...
        
       | nickstinemates wrote:
       | I am a big fan of the next gen heroku competitors. At the top of
       | the list are fly.io and railway.app.
        
       | Scarbutt wrote:
       | Why is Fly.io so praised here? couldn't run any production
       | workload on them cause of all the technical issues they have.
        
         | ignoramous wrote:
         | Running (diskless) production workloads on Fly.io since 2021
         | (300+ req/sec across 30+ regions). Sure you ran into problems
         | almost every month back then, but not anymore. Not in my
         | experience.
        
         | reeaper wrote:
         | I did have my postgresql DB on their service randomly stop once
         | and didn't restart until I logged in and poked it :(
        
         | buf wrote:
         | I also don't use fly (yet) because of technical issues they
         | have. They are in a really messy state at the moment.
         | 
         | Nevertheless, I'm excited for them and continue to cheer them
         | on until they mature.
        
       | da39a3ee wrote:
       | Can someone remind me, what is "edge"? It it hosting server-side
       | applications in a position in the network topology that minimizes
       | latency to end users? Or is it that, but for static resources (so
       | similar to the concept of CDN)?
        
         | jondwillis wrote:
         | It can be for both static content and dynamic
         | computation/content.
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | It's the term of art for the portions of the Internet closest
         | to specific customers, and, more generally, for the notion of
         | deploying things in _multiple locations, simultaneously_ such
         | that they 're close to users in different cities.
        
           | da39a3ee wrote:
           | And probably to state the obvious, this is to help use cases
           | where UX is negatively impacted by the latency of client <->
           | server RPCs/Http requests? Are the proponents of "the edge"
           | as a concept motivated largely by concern for people in
           | countries far from the data centers hosting apps they are
           | using, and/or with low bandwidth infrastructure?
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | As a rule of thumb, anything above about 100ms has
             | perceptible latency to end users (even if they're not
             | consciously thinking about it, they're noticing it).
             | Depending on your application, and how captive your users
             | are, you may or may not care about this perception. If
             | you're taking users through filing an insurance claim, you
             | don't, because your users can't go anywhere. But if your
             | users are filling a shopping cart, or paying for content
             | with their attention, you care a lot more, because lag
             | eventually bounces users from your site.
             | 
             | Further, there are features that aren't really tenable
             | unless you get lag under control (somehow, either by
             | eliminating it or by taming it with cashing, prediction,
             | and interpolation). Game servers are everyone's canonical
             | example here, but really any kind of real-time feature fits
             | the bill. Now, most CRUD applications don't have real-time
             | features, so this might not be a big motivator. But one
             | subtle bet we're making is that more apps would do
             | interesting real-time things if it that latency problem was
             | easy to solve.
             | 
             | The big problem you have if you're working on these
             | problems is that it's very difficult to fit into this kind
             | of latency budget if all your stuff is hosted in Loudoun
             | County, because the speed of light is eating most (all?) of
             | that 100ms.
             | 
             | That's the logic of wanting to get deployed in multiple
             | cities simultaneously. There's more than one way to do it!
             | We're just one possible solution.
        
       | syrusakbary wrote:
       | I wish they mentioned how their service competes against new-
       | comers to the space such as Wasmer Edge [1]. (they kind of
       | mention Javascript, I guess in reference to Cloudflare Workers,
       | but they miss Wasm somehow!).
       | 
       | In any case, congrats to their team and VCs on the round!
       | 
       | [1] https://wasmer.io/products/edge
        
       | techn00 wrote:
       | Does fly use Equinox or something similar for their hardware?
        
         | mrkurt wrote:
         | We use Equinix Metal / Packet in some places, our own hardware
         | + colo in others, and something close to colo/hardware in more.
        
       | theossuary wrote:
       | Is there any interest in working with telcos to manage MECs? It
       | seems like they've finally given up on building their own
       | container orchestration, and are now looking at Google's GDCE &
       | Amazon's Outpost. But those fundamentally aren't good models for
       | MEC.
       | 
       | I could definitely see a really interesting future for Fly where
       | you're building tech to actively follow users between towers to
       | provide the lowest possible latency to apps.
        
       | kayodelycaon wrote:
       | > What people actually wanted to talk about, though? Databases.
       | 
       | And they completely avoid discussing it again in this article.
       | 
       | It would be nice if I could know what their product is for
       | because it doesn't seem to be the apps I work on.
        
         | dementik wrote:
         | I presume they start discussing about it when LiteFS is matured
         | enough.
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | This is a "raised money" post. So presumably they raised money
         | so they can have a database answer in the future.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | We have a multi-region single-write-leader Postgres offering
           | now, but "databases" means lots of things to lots of people,
           | and the platform strategy is to build durable storage
           | primitives that work for as many different databases as
           | possible. People run things like Cockroach here, and edge
           | deployment also makes SQLite especially interesting.
        
             | oneneptune wrote:
             | a bit off topic, but a big struggle that is growing related
             | to data and databases; managing data residency. I've not
             | found an easy way to handle this and countries seem to be
             | passing more and more laws... it's tough for global
             | applications!
        
             | tylergetsay wrote:
             | Do you have any info about how edge deployments + sqlite
             | work and what kind of applications they are limited to?
        
               | mrkurt wrote:
               | Basically, LiteFS: https://github.com/superfly/litefs
               | 
               | And then some load balancer cleverness that reroutes
               | writes to a specific VM: https://fly.io/blog/globally-
               | distributed-postgres/
        
       | fishtoaster wrote:
       | "Why do startups write announcements like these?"
       | 
       | I've been at a bunch of companies with a bunch of raises. 100% of
       | the time, the announcement was an excuse for press. If you can
       | come up with any excuse to get an article published in a bunch of
       | tech press (other than "CEO arrested for embezzlement +
       | harassment at the same time"), you get a bunch of free
       | advertising. Bonus points if your target customer tends to read
       | tech press.
       | 
       | There's nothing wrong with that, to be clear! I'm just surprised
       | they acknowledged mercenary reasons without mentioning what I've
       | seen as the most common one.
        
         | insanitybit wrote:
         | > I've been at a bunch of companies with a bunch of raises.
         | 100% of the time, the announcement was an excuse for press. If
         | you can come up with any excuse to get an article published in
         | a bunch of tech press (other than "CEO arrested for
         | embezzlement + harassment at the same time"), you get a bunch
         | of free advertising. Bonus points if your target customer tends
         | to read tech press.
         | 
         | It's less about "excuse for press" and more "controlling the
         | narrative". Raising this amount will mean that other news
         | outlets will pick up on it. Technically, as I recall, it's
         | public information (I founded a company and this was all
         | explained to me - but it was years ago).
         | 
         | So if you don't publish _they will_. You 're much better off
         | publishing first so that people read _your_ post, not theirs.
        
         | eduction wrote:
         | Saying it's "for press" just kicks the can down the road,
         | raising the question "why do startups want press on
         | announcements like these?" They do it to get out a certain
         | message and leave a certain impression, usually of the
         | mercenary sort the post outlines.
         | 
         | Although I see your point about it just being to get the name
         | of the company out there, that's definitely one mercenary
         | motivation that the post maybe did not mention.
        
           | bearjaws wrote:
           | The math is pretty straight forward.
           | 
           | Cost to make article = $2000
           | 
           | Article gets 100,000 views
           | 
           | Fly.io converts 1% of views to paying customers
           | 
           | 1,000 new customers.
           | 
           | Revenue per customer = $10 monthly
           | 
           | MRR goes up by $10,000
           | 
           | Obviously I am pulling these numbers out of my ass, but there
           | a pretty direct path to value.
           | 
           | This is way more efficient than Google ads in a competitive
           | space, I can only imagine hosting related ads are $3-5 per
           | click...
        
             | hgsgm wrote:
             | That math works for any old blog post.
             | 
             | Advertising a raise specifically is to get attention from
             | customers and the industry as a legitimized successful
             | operation.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | At the very least, it's marketing. I have no idea what
               | they do, as I'm not in that particular web development
               | niche and don't know what an "edgy app" is, but it made
               | it to the top of HN, so people like me now know at least
               | that there exists a company called fly.io.
        
             | xNeil wrote:
             | You're right - I also think (personal opinion) the trust
             | gained in a company by reading their blog post is greater
             | than the trust gained by seeing an ad. Because I saw this
             | blogpost, I trust fly.io more than I would have had I seen
             | a YouTube ad of them or something of the sorts.
        
           | snowwrestler wrote:
           | Startups want press in general, and closing a funding round
           | is reliably something that the press will cover. (Unlike, for
           | example, product or feature releases.)
        
         | ultrasaurus wrote:
         | They aren't wrong that there are some companies that feel more
         | comfortable if you have more money in the bank BUT most
         | companies wildly overestimate how much prospects care. Case
         | studies in their industry & Gartner quadrant > $100MM in the
         | bank.
         | 
         | TL;DR: It's an appendix slide in your first meeting deck, don't
         | put it up front :)
        
           | devoutsalsa wrote:
           | After the SVB collapse, hopefully they have the $100MM as
           | $250K in 4000 different bank accounts to duck under those
           | FDIC insurance limits.
        
             | sebastiennight wrote:
             | That would be $1 billion :-)
             | 
             | So I guess 400 bank accounts would be enough?
        
         | hugs wrote:
         | Yup. When I was deep in the VC-fueled startup game, tech press
         | did not want to write about us _at_ _all_ , unless there was
         | also some kind of funding news included, too.. (I interpreted
         | this as the writers knowing their readers... and only stories
         | with funding announcements got the clicks...) So guess what
         | happened? We would raise money, then not talk about it for up
         | to 6 months until we _also_ had some new feature or product to
         | launch.
         | 
         | If people started clicking more on tech stories that _didn 't_
         | have funding announcements, maybe the cycle would change... But
         | it feels like we're in some kind of Prisoner's Dilemma game
         | now. Those stories don't written, so they don't get the clicks,
         | so they don't get written...
        
           | fishtoaster wrote:
           | Yeah, "hold off funding announcements until we've got
           | something else we want to push into the news" was a pretty
           | common thing in my experience as well.
           | 
           | I'm somewhat sympathetic to both the press and the readers
           | here - they want to report/read news. Events. "Company X
           | continues to exist" isn't really news. And "Company X adds
           | new feature Y" is rarely noteworthy news, no matter how big a
           | deal it is in Company X. Sometimes new features are news if
           | either the company is huge ("Amazon adds support for Foo to
           | AWSBar") or it's strategically significant ("Company X adds
           | feature Y, now putting it in direct competition with Company
           | Z"), but I think those are the exceptions.
        
           | snowwrestler wrote:
           | To reporters, funding is 3rd-party validation that a business
           | is actually worth writing about.
           | 
           | Just like press coverage is 3rd-party validation to potential
           | customers that a company is actually worth considering.
        
         | cryptonector wrote:
         | Free press == free advertising.
        
         | andrewingram wrote:
         | Linear waited nearly a year to announce a round, presumably
         | because they did two in quick succession and didn't want to
         | waste the PR opportunity of the second one.
        
       | yolo3000 wrote:
       | So if the bookstore doesn't think it's worth it to spend more
       | than 2 hours on deploying to the edge, maybe it's not that
       | important to them, or :) ?
        
         | phaer wrote:
         | I think fly.io believes that they can allow the bookstore to do
         | so in less than two hours for a price where it's still
         | important enough for the bookstore and profitable - in
         | aggregate - for fly.io.
         | 
         | I personally believe that could be true, but their investors
         | going to find out ;)
        
           | mrkurt wrote:
           | Roughly this, yes. It's easy to run boring apps close to your
           | users. Thus, people buy computer time from us instead of a
           | place that runs in one city.
        
             | davnicwil wrote:
             | I've long suspected this is what you guys would end up
             | focusing on (and applaud it) -almost like an OS for edge
             | compute that abstracts away its details while allowing
             | boring architectures built for single-point to 'just run'
             | on it.
             | 
             | But is there a limit to how boring you can go? Can you
             | truly, fully abstract over distributed systems stuff like
             | eventual consistency and its basically random effects on UX
             | in certain usage edge cases?
             | 
             | Or do you think 'boring' will have to meet you in the
             | middle with frameworks and developer mindset also shifting
             | over time to a more edge-first world?
        
           | yolo3000 wrote:
           | So change your infra to save a few hours :D I guess they have
           | other compelling features.
        
             | benzible wrote:
             | Tell me you've never without telling me etc...
        
       | isoprophlex wrote:
       | > And hardware-accelerated inferencing.
       | 
       | :eyes emoji: fly ppl please do this
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | h1fra wrote:
       | Congrats!
       | 
       | I love Fly.io, used it for side projects and I was very pleased
       | with the UX and the free tier.
       | 
       | The blog post is funny but the style is a bit excruciating to
       | read.
        
       | tl wrote:
       | Minor nit:
       | 
       | > The kind of platform company we want to be hasn't changed since
       | 2020. Our features are all generally a command or two in flyctl,
       | and they work for any app that can packaged in a container.
       | 
       |  _can be packaged_
        
       | mattmaroon wrote:
       | One of the best-written press releases I've seen for sure.
        
       | miahwilde wrote:
       | Here's what we believed in 2023: people want solutions they can
       | understand in two hours.
       | 
       | Here's what everyone actually wanted to talk about: Trust.
       | 
       | Here's what we missed: ...
        
       | catchnear4321 wrote:
       | > Our first reason is obvious, and mercenary.
       | 
       | even though there's a reason (or three) behind the style of the
       | post, including the use of transparency, it is refreshing.
        
       | xianshou wrote:
       | Self-aware commentary like this only works if used sparingly, but
       | this one is extremely effective - acknowledges the mercenary
       | motivations, implicit hypocrisy, and self-aggrandization of such
       | announcements while nonetheless communicating all the important
       | information and succinctly breaking down a real problem that
       | their platform solves. On top of that, the legitimate uses of
       | funding are clearly identified, answering any questions about
       | both "why" and "how much".
       | 
       | Cheers, guys.
        
         | brabel wrote:
         | I loved it. They stayed as far away as possible for your
         | traditional grandiose, jargon-filled, corporate speak we
         | normally get in these announcenments. They definitely gained a
         | few points with me :).
        
       | cvwright wrote:
       | > There are fun, technical, "control your own destiny" reasons to
       | rack hardware instead of layering on top of commodity clouds. But
       | it's really just economics. ... Hardware is what makes the
       | margins work.
       | 
       | Amen to that.
       | 
       | Nice to see somebody who has raised a ton of money, and yet is
       | still being smart with it.
       | 
       | But I suppose the difficult question is, "Why shouldn't Fly's
       | potential customers _also_ run their own hardware? "
        
         | mrkurt wrote:
         | They should, probably. We have partner-like customers who are
         | paying actual hardware costs and then a platform fee for us to
         | manage it.
         | 
         | You can only build so many company margins on top of capital
         | expenditures.
        
         | jacobsenscott wrote:
         | I don't think there's enough expertise in running hardware out
         | there, frankly. For a company where running hardware isn't
         | their bread and butter finding and hiring people who can do it,
         | and do it well, is existentially risky. It is hard enough to
         | find people who can properly run on a PaaS.
        
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       (page generated 2023-06-28 23:01 UTC)