[HN Gopher] A proto-pizza emerges from a fresco on a Pompeii wall
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       A proto-pizza emerges from a fresco on a Pompeii wall
        
       Author : JumpCrisscross
       Score  : 275 points
       Date   : 2023-06-28 04:41 UTC (18 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (pompeiisites.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (pompeiisites.org)
        
       | MoSattler wrote:
       | For me, it's astounding to witness such vibrant and colorful
       | imagery from 2000 years ago. It forges an unexpected, yet
       | profound, sense of connection to the past.
        
         | santiagobasulto wrote:
         | I was thinking the same thing. What "technology" (chemicals)
         | did they use to paint that? It's crazy that has such level of
         | detail after 2k years.
        
           | Daub wrote:
           | The painting was a fresco. There are a few ways to make
           | frescos but the one employed here was likely buono fresco:
           | colored pigment applied directly to wet plaster. In this way
           | the painting becomes a physical part of the wall. In
           | contrast, an oil painting is typically a thin layer of paint
           | applied on top of another layer of paint on top of fabric.
           | 
           | Though this way of painting is ridiculously long lived, it is
           | very difficult to work with. The plaster dries so quickly
           | that the painting has to be done is small chunks, like a
           | jigsaw puzzle. There is also very little room for correction.
        
           | _giorgio_ wrote:
           | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S03054.
           | ..
           | 
           | " natural earths, minerals and rare artificial pigments.
           | Paintings are made up of thin paint layers (0.01-0.10 mm
           | thick) strongly adhering to the underlying preparation
           | layer."
           | 
           | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S13861.
           | ..
           | 
           | " To obtain the green color, green earths and malachite were
           | used, together with mixture of Egyptian blue and yellow
           | ochre."
        
         | CobrastanJorji wrote:
         | Me too. I think when we think about times before 100 AD, we
         | think of unpainted marble, columns, and those ancient red-and-
         | black Greek vases. We don't really consider that their painters
         | also knew about, y'know, realistic portraits and shading and
         | that sort of thing, but they absolutely knew how to do those
         | things: https://joyofmuseums.com/museums/europe/italy-
         | museums/naples...
        
         | troad wrote:
         | If you ever get the chance, I would highly recommend a visit to
         | the National Archaeological Museum in Naples. There are many
         | more vibrant images from Pompeii and Herculaneum preserved
         | there. It's striking how lively some of the preserved images
         | are. They really don't feel like they are over two thousand
         | years old, and seeing them seriously deepened my appreciation
         | for the civilisation of ancient Rome. It's a unique experience.
         | 
         | (I would advise trying to read up a little in advance though.
         | The labels in the museum are rather self-indulgent. There's
         | reams of text about how various pieces came to be in the
         | collection, and quite little about what the piece is /
         | represents.)
        
       | smoldesu wrote:
       | It's amazing how delicious painted food can look 2000+ years
       | later...
        
         | afn wrote:
         | Whoa, take it easy, Cookie Monster!
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-9PenLqJyHU
        
       | speeder wrote:
       | The word Pizza is related to the word Pitta (some people argue is
       | same word even).
       | 
       | Lots of people been eating round flat bread with toppings around
       | the Mediterranean for a very long time now.
       | 
       | One of the theories of the modern Pizza origin is that it was
       | just a Pizza like any other (or Pitta...) until a certain
       | restaurant in Naples invented the version with tomato sauce (the
       | Marinara Pizza). And modern Pizza are just variations of the dish
       | of that restaurant.
       | 
       | By the way, that restaurant still exists, or so people claim.
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antica_Pizzeria_Port'Alba
        
         | anonu wrote:
         | If pitta refers to pita bread, as in the round flatbread
         | originating in the middle east, I can tell you the word is not
         | used in Arabic.
        
           | detourdog wrote:
           | That is pretty interesting. Khobz appears to be the word in
           | the Arab speaking world. (can't think of a good name for this
           | group).
           | 
           | A thing as basic as a bread staple to have different names in
           | the same region seems very significant.
           | 
           | Does anyone have any insight into this? I'm definitely going
           | to try to dig deeper.
           | 
           | I used to go to a "pizza" restaurant in Jaffa. It claimed to
           | be the oldest pizza restaurant. It has high lip edges and
           | eggs... I think it was like shakuka on a type of pita. I wish
           | I could remember what they called it.
        
             | toyg wrote:
             | _> A thing as basic as a bread staple to have different
             | names in the same region seems very significant._
             | 
             | Nah. It's just the result of a long history. In Italy,
             | different towns can call the same specialties with
             | completely different names (crescentina / gnocco fritto,
             | etc...), often simply out of spite or because of some long-
             | forgotten feud.
             | 
             | 40 years ago, in Rome a pizza was often called a "torta",
             | which is the word the rest of Italy uses for sweet cakes.
        
               | detourdog wrote:
               | I would think that also but I'm hung up on some details.
               | 
               | Pita is a pretty basic word for a human staple. Large
               | regional areas use a very similar word for millenniums.
               | One culture doesn't and is just as interspersed as
               | through time and space as the others.
               | 
               | In fact they share many texts.
               | 
               | I think this is different than the examples you provided.
               | 
               | I would describe some pizza's in Berkshire Country as a
               | Torte.
        
           | boulos wrote:
           | Right, the closest word is the turkic "pide" which isn't
           | Arabic but is from the Aramaic for bread
           | (https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/pide)
        
         | __void wrote:
         | or from 'pinsa' (from the Latin verb 'pinsere' or from the verb
         | 'pansere', 'to pound'), or from the Greek dish plakous or from
         | the piada (or piadina), mentioned in Virgil's Aeneid
         | 
         | frankly speaking, I don't think we can find the true origin of
         | this dish, it's like looking for the inventor of the wheel or
         | the three-year rotation
         | 
         | either way, the history of modern pizza in northern Italy is
         | truly fascinating (and controversial)[1]
         | 
         | [1] https://www.vanillamagazine.it/le-pizzerie-furono-
         | sconosciut...
        
         | riffraff wrote:
         | In Italy there's a bunch of things called "pizza" which are not
         | round flat bread.
         | 
         | Consider the pizza di Pasqua (dough with liquor, chocolate,
         | cheese, +20cm tall), pizza alla pala (1.5m long), pizza
         | sbattuta (sponge cake), pizza in teglia (rectangular and cut in
         | square slices), and many more.
         | 
         | Could be related to pita, and I would not argue every culture
         | on earth made flat round dough and put stuff on it, but it's a
         | very large family.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_di_Pasqua
         | 
         | https://www.tasteatlas.com/pizza-alla-pala
         | 
         | https://blog.giallozafferano.it/inventaricette/pizza-sbattut...
        
           | carlob wrote:
           | I know there are several versions of Pizza di Pasqua, but the
           | one I'm more familiar with (and the one you link to) is made
           | with cheese and is to be eaten on Easter breakfast with
           | salami.
        
           | pizza234 wrote:
           | > In Italy there's a bunch of things called "pizza" which are
           | not round flat bread.
           | 
           | True, although the canonical/widespread pizza is the
           | round/flat one.
           | 
           | I've never heard of "Pizza di Pasqua" and "Pizza sbattuta" in
           | Italy (I don't doubt they exist, but they must be very
           | uncommon).
           | 
           | Pizza in teglia is common, at least in certain parts of
           | Italy; I believe it's generally sold in bakeries rather than
           | in pizzerias (restaurants).
           | 
           | Pizza alla pala is not so common in Italy, at least in
           | restaurants (not that I remember). In other countries is very
           | common in takeaways.
           | 
           | There's also a type of pizza that is round but thick, and
           | with lower-quality toppings. I can't find any reference to
           | it; it's somewhat widespread over Italy, but considered a
           | "lesser pizza" :)
        
             | __void wrote:
             | > There's also a type of pizza that is round but thick,
             | 
             | do you mean 'pizzetta'?
        
             | pvdoom wrote:
             | If you look at historical sources, what is called pizza, in
             | i.e. Scampi's "Opera Nova" is more of a pie, that may be
             | open or closed, sweet or savoury, and may not even have
             | flour dough, but say almond flour
        
             | asimpletune wrote:
             | I just want to add this because i think it's interesting,
             | but the word pasqua (Easter) actually comes from Passover.
             | Also Passover in Italian is Pasqua ebraica.
        
               | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
               | _> Passover in Italian is Pasqua ebraica_
               | 
               | Funny, in Romanian, Pasqua(spelled Pasca) is a sweet
               | bread Easter dish.
        
             | OJFord wrote:
             | Pizza inferiore that you allude to without reference - this
             | is the one often often found entombed in a cardboard box?
        
               | quickthrower2 wrote:
               | And delivered in 30 minutes or your next one is free?
        
               | detourdog wrote:
               | In Berkshire County Massachusetts
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | leipert wrote:
           | Etymology wise it's a thing and loads of cultures around the
           | Mediterranean have some similar words:
           | https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/pita#Ancient_Greek
        
           | pb060 wrote:
           | > In Italy there's a bunch of things called "pizza" which are
           | not round flat bread.
           | 
           | In certain regions of Southern Italy, the word 'pizza' also
           | refers to a part of the male anatomy which is not flat.
           | 
           | Edit: feels good to be downvoted by people with socially
           | acceptable sense of humor
        
             | adql wrote:
             | Is "I will put my pizza in your oven" also a joke there ?
        
           | hanslub42 wrote:
           | I have in front of me a reprint of Pellegrino Artusi's famous
           | "la Scienza in cucina e l'arte di mangiar bene" (1891). It
           | has a recipe for "Pizza alla napoletana" (recipe #609) which
           | is a shortcrust filled with a cream of "ricotta, sweet
           | almonds, sugar, lemon peel or vanilla, milk", about which he
           | comments "... a me sembra che questo riesca un dolce di gusto
           | squisito" - a _dessert_ of exquisite taste.
           | 
           | He mentions two other pizze: "Pizza a libretti" and "Pizza
           | gravida", both of them sweet. "Our" pizza is completely
           | absent.
           | 
           | It is intriguing that the above 19th century "pizza" recipe
           | is called _alla napoletana_ given that Wikipedia states that
           | "... modern pizza evolved from similar flatbread dishes in
           | Naples, Italy, in the 18th or early 19th century."
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | Dessert pizza. The past truly is a foreign country.
             | 
             | Although I guess fry dough is basically dessert pizza if
             | you think about it.
        
       | borbulon wrote:
       | isn't a proto-pizza just foccacia with some stuff on top?
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | I've had foccacia "pizza" and it didn't look anything like
         | this.
        
       | CSMastermind wrote:
       | I'm reading Nathan Myhrvold's excellent Book Modernist Pizza at
       | the moment: https://modernistcuisine.com/books/modernist-pizza/
       | 
       | The book along with its excellent predecessor Modernist Bread and
       | the companion podcasts to both do a great job of both
       | illustrating the history of bread and pizza but also debunking a
       | lot of popular myths about their origin.
       | 
       | A lot of pizza (and bread for that matter) traditions and styles
       | are much more recent than you might think. I'd highly recommend
       | the volumes to anyone curious about the topic.
        
         | contrarian1234 wrote:
         | That's not too surprising, b/c you need massive amounts of
         | cheese to make a pizza. This means a lot of milk and a lot of
         | rennet. It just seems it'd be really extravagant in premodern
         | times.
         | 
         | And I think that goes for a lot of cuisine. While in China I
         | learned that actually a lot of Chinese cuisine is quite recent
         | - and yet it's really central to regional identity and has a
         | interesting timeless quality to it. For instance people will
         | rarely get experimental or make significant modification to the
         | original recipe (the idea of "fusion food" is mostly absent
         | outside of bougie areas)
         | 
         | I've heard similar things about Korean food - a lot is very
         | recent and meat heavy. Go not too far back in time and people
         | rarely ate meat at all.
         | 
         | In Taiwan a lot of the "traditional food" is based around beef
         | - but traditional/elderly Chinese would normally refuse to eat
         | beef entirely - so it must be a product of the past few
         | decades.
         | 
         | I'm skeptical anything deep-fried goes back too far as well
         | since it's a colossal waste of oil
        
           | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
           | On the subject of "massive amounts of cheese being really
           | extravagant in premodern times", the Roman army ate a lot of
           | "hard tack" cheese
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pecorino_Romano because it was
           | durable and energy-dense. No doubt it was expensive in the
           | way that the military often is, and did not make up all of
           | the rations.
           | 
           | On the subject of "how much cheese do you need to make a
           | pizza" - in traditional styles, not all that much really. And
           | with even less, just a sprinkling, it would still be
           | recognisably the same dish.
        
           | contingencies wrote:
           | On the subject of food history... Taiwanese food is so recent
           | as to be a study in nothing at all. Chinese did not invent
           | steamed buns (they came from the Ottomans) and are the only
           | civilization known to have lost the recipe for baklava. Ramen
           | is Chinese and super modern and derives from US dumping wheat
           | on postwar Japan as a staple. Pasta was exceptionally rare
           | and reserved for the aristocrats in pre-modern Italy. Which
           | begs the question: what did they eat? Probably meat, fish,
           | bread, fruit and rice. Finally, rice noodles were popularised
           | in Thailand by political machinations as a means to stave off
           | hunger by preserving rice stocks.
        
             | ragazzina wrote:
             | > Chinese (...) are the only civilization known to have
             | lost the recipe for baklava
             | 
             | What does this mean?
        
       | YChacker100 wrote:
       | I wonder what the first pizza would've tasted like...
        
         | lynx23 wrote:
         | I once bought a pizza at a Pizzahut in Quito, Ecuador. I am
         | pretty sure it tasted similar to the "first pizza"... I forget
         | how the seasoning is called, but people in Ecuador put a
         | strange herb on almost every food which I never really got the
         | hang of, despite trying for at least 2 months. But that pizza
         | was the worst experience, because I sort of expected oregano.
         | Nope, nothing resembling what I knew as a pizza, so might as
         | well have been the first pizza ever :-)
        
       | lapama wrote:
       | What do you mean proto-pizza? The whole Mediterranean and MENA
       | regions are full of similar stuff. Why to look at it from our
       | westerner modern mindset?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | verisimi wrote:
       | "This submission has been brought to you by the pizza marketing
       | board, proud to promote tasty pizzas!"
        
       | zetazzed wrote:
       | For those interested in food and history, I would definitely
       | recommend the Tasting History series on YouTube. Every episode,
       | Max Miller makes a dish from a (sometimes vague) old recipe and
       | does a short, relevant history lesson. E.g. he covers 500 year
       | old proto-pizza here
       | (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6XvMKdD2tY&t=12s), medieval
       | trenchers here
       | (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6XvMKdD2tY&t=12s), and lots of
       | Roman recipes.
       | 
       | For something more academic, Ken Albala has a whole course on the
       | cultural history of food here: https://www.wondrium.com/food-a-
       | cultural-culinary-history
       | 
       | I'm not connected to either - they are both just great sources of
       | fun that will make you think about food differently.
        
         | EA-3167 wrote:
         | As a fellow fan I'll second that recommendation, and add the
         | Townsends to the mix (https://www.youtube.com/@townsends). I
         | got into them before Tasting History was around, and I feel
         | like they complement each other in a lot of ways. The Townsend
         | stuff also has a wonderful "living history" approach with their
         | historical homestead, and it's always incredibly informative.
         | 
         | Like you I'm not affiliated with any of this, it's just a
         | desire to get other people into something I love.
        
         | sumobob2112 wrote:
         | Also a shoutout if you like Tasting History, he just put out
         | his first cookbook, it is a fascinating read and great recipes
        
       | lordnacho wrote:
       | One thing that struck me was that this image seems to be done in
       | perspective? I thought that wasn't a thing that was done until
       | much later?
        
         | nunuvit wrote:
         | Did you scroll down and see the painting of the animal skull
         | next to it? It looks 3D.
        
         | Inityx wrote:
         | > Systematic attempts to evolve a system of perspective are
         | usually considered to have begun around the fifth century BC in
         | the art of ancient Greece, as part of a developing interest in
         | illusionism allied to theatrical scenery.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspective_(graphical)
        
         | lurkmurk wrote:
         | I was also surprised when I first saw a huge Roman fresco in
         | person. It seems that the medieval times were indeed the dark
         | times. I get the historical reasons and all that but it's
         | almost laughable looking at this art in museums.
        
           | Balgair wrote:
           | Not a Historian here, but I've heard that looking at Medieval
           | art is more akin to looking at Anime art. Yes, the art is
           | more stylized and cartoonish, but so are many art forms of
           | today. I'm not certain of this, but I believe we have
           | examples of 'classical'/realistic paintings from the medieval
           | period/places alongside the stylized/cartoonish pictures too.
           | As in, medieval art was a fad. Again, not a historian,
           | someone please correct me!
        
       | redroyal wrote:
       | Is pizza an innovation so meaningful we need to fight over who
       | invented it? It's flat bread with food on top heated. I'm sure
       | it's been a thing since day 2 of bread
        
       | causality0 wrote:
       | Every time I see one of these I'm amazed at their skill, since
       | high school gives students the impression nothing but simplistic
       | medieval doodles existed until the rennaisance. It makes me
       | wonder why museums reconstruct painted statuary with flat pastels
       | like they were painted by a four year old.
        
       | thessa wrote:
       | I always enjoyed the story of early proto pizza appearing in
       | Virgil's Aeneid represented as the people so hungry they eat
       | their plates.
       | 
       | (Dupe comment on dupe submission)
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36498783
        
       | nologic01 wrote:
       | Looks like a pineapple pizza
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | Back in the day the civilisation was not advanced enough to
         | know better. A similar mistake the Romans made by using lead
         | pipes for drinking water.
        
         | NKosmatos wrote:
         | Came here to post the same comment but you beat me to it :-)
         | 
         | And don't forget that the inventor/father of the Hawaiian pizza
         | (my favorite) was a Greek Canadian ;-)
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiian_pizza
        
       | mav88 wrote:
       | >From a passage of Virgil's Aeneid, (book VII, v.128 sgg.) it is
       | possible to understand the position of fruits and other products
       | of the fields, on sacrificial breads that function as "tables".
       | This reminds us of the moment in which the Trojan heroes who had
       | finished their meal of fruits, chose to eat the bread which they
       | had used as containers (tables). This showed the realisation of
       | the Virgilian Epos, where a prophecy had stated that the Trojans
       | would find a new homeland when they "arrived on unknown beaches,
       | finished all the food," and their hunger made them "devour also
       | the tables".
       | 
       | Once upon a time, I did the Aeneid in the original and we came
       | across this meaning of the word 'mensa' as a bread base which was
       | weird because it was the very first Latin word we had all
       | learned: table. And then immediately afterwards in the text one
       | of the warriors makes the joke that they're so hungry they're
       | eating their tables as well. It still blows my mind that I could
       | understand a pun written thousands of years ago and find it
       | amusing.
        
         | jessehattabaugh wrote:
         | > the position of fruits and other products of the fields, on
         | sacrificial breads
         | 
         | So you're saying pineapple _is_ in fact a pizza topping!
        
           | slim wrote:
           | tomato is a fruit
        
             | jalk wrote:
             | Tomatoes comes from South America so couldn't have been on
             | the Pompeii pizza
        
               | Mystery-Machine wrote:
               | You didn't read the article at all, didn't you? Yet here
               | you are commenting like an expert.
        
               | Mystery-Machine wrote:
               | The very first sentence: Whilst it looks like a pizza,
               | this image from a Pompeian painting from 2000 years ago
               | obviously can't be, since some of the most characteristic
               | ingredients are missing, namely tomatoes and mozzarella.
        
               | karaterobot wrote:
               | I think they were saying that the argument "fruit doesn't
               | belong on pizza, thus pineapples don't belong on pizza"
               | is invalid because most people agree that tomatoes go on
               | pizza, and tomatoes are biologically fruits.
        
             | corvuscorvid wrote:
             | ...and ketchup is a jam
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | If we are to accept the madness of treating tomato as a
               | fruit culinarily (although, your comment makes a strong
               | argument for not doing so), would it be a jam, jelly,
               | or...?
        
               | lo_zamoyski wrote:
               | How many jams, jellies, marmalades, or confitures do you
               | know of that contain vinegar, savory spices, and salt? In
               | a recipe calling for jam, would you replace it with
               | ketchup?
        
               | boulos wrote:
               | There are several chutneys that include vinegar. They
               | aren't in the same category as you listed, but the parent
               | included an ellipsis, which I'll include chutney under.
        
               | WorldMaker wrote:
               | Some "fruit preserves" also use vinegars and other acids.
               | Which leads to the Venn diagrams of the definitions of
               | pickles, chutneys, and preserves (fruit) all have a
               | massive overlap and ketchup is right there in the middle
               | as pickled tomatoes, tomato chutney, or tomato preserve
               | depending on how much you want to classify it is a fruit,
               | vegetable, or "it doesn't matter". (I would at least
               | argue that "preserve" is the more accurate fruit term
               | over jam or jelly.)
        
               | nameless_prole wrote:
               | [dead]
        
               | yeahwhatever10 wrote:
               | Ketchup is my jam.
        
           | datavirtue wrote:
           | It's not a pizza. Period.
        
           | dangerboysteve wrote:
           | well, that's just crazy talk.
        
         | twoodfin wrote:
         | This reminds me of modern Ethiopian dining with injera.
        
         | h2odragon wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trencher_(tableware)
        
       | dugite-code wrote:
       | > Whilst it looks like a pizza, this image from a Pompeian
       | painting from 2000 years ago obviously can't be, since some of
       | the most characteristic ingredients are missing, namely tomatoes
       | and mozzarella.
       | 
       | There are more types of pizza than the now globally common
       | tomatoes and mozzarella pizza. Heck olive oil and garlic pizza is
       | thing, unless there is more specifics regarding the origins of
       | pizza available it's possible it is indeed just a pizza.
        
         | jrmg wrote:
         | They'd have to be missing tomatoes - they were unknown in
         | Europe during Roman times because they're native to the
         | Americas. Tomato usage in Italian food is _relatively_ recent.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_World_crops
        
           | dash2 wrote:
           | What's weird is on the right of the picture, there is what
           | looks like a slice of tomato? What else could it be?
        
             | INTPenis wrote:
             | The article says pomegranate.
        
             | sph wrote:
             | There's a legend below the picture. Do you mean cacao
             | beans?
        
           | dugite-code wrote:
           | Yes as I said, there are more pizza's than the now common
           | Tomato and mozzarella combination we have today, Especially
           | in Italy.
        
             | cubefox wrote:
             | Does something count as a Pizza when it doesn't even have
             | tomato sauce?
        
               | bjohnson225 wrote:
               | Why wouldn't it? At least a third of the menu in most
               | pizzeria's in Italy will be white pizza with no tomato
               | sauce.
        
               | cubefox wrote:
               | Oh, that surprises me.
        
               | bunga-bunga wrote:
               | Commonly speaking you need either tomato sauce or
               | mozzarella to call it a pizza. Without either one, it
               | would be called "pizza pane" but that's basically
               | flatbread and to be eaten as bread. Pretty rare to find a
               | "pizza" without some sort of sauce to make it _wet._
        
               | timeon wrote:
               | Depends on ingredients but some do not go well with
               | tomato sauce. For example pineapple[0] + blue cheese
               | would be better on white base or no sauce at all than on
               | tomato one.
               | 
               | [0] Read it as pear or fig if you are Italian.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | It has to, since tomatoes were not discovered by
               | Europeans until the 16th century.
               | 
               | Nowadays you can ask for white pizza.
        
               | cubefox wrote:
               | There is no rule saying "Pizza" has to have existed
               | before the 16th century...
        
               | gostsamo wrote:
               | yes, you can do cuatro formagi or other white pizzas and
               | they are pretty good.
        
               | alberto_ol wrote:
               | Italian ortography is not as bad as the english one, but
               | nonetheless is sometimes illogical. We have a useless
               | lettere 'q' which is pronounced like the the hard c. 'Q'
               | is used only before 'u'. So there some words that are
               | written with "qu" and other with "cu" only for
               | etymologyical reasons. The number 4 is spelled 'quattro'.
               | The pizza with the four cheeses is 'quattro formaggi'.
        
               | jaclaz wrote:
               | To be picky, the general rule is that q goes before u
               | only if u is followed by another vowel (qui, quo, qua), c
               | is used in the other cases, but - of course - there are a
               | few exceptions, the most common being "cui".
        
               | cubefox wrote:
               | Okay, then it seems to be less the toppings than the
               | "recipe ancestry" that determines what counts as Pizza.
               | Otherwise _flammkuchen_ would also count:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flammekueche
        
               | timeon wrote:
               | > "recipe ancestry"
               | 
               | I think it is mostly about language. Pizza is loan word
               | from Italian in German language in this case. So you may
               | also say it other way around: Pizza counts as
               | flammkuchen.
        
               | cubefox wrote:
               | But it doesn't! I haven't heard anyone label one as a
               | type of the other.
        
               | mr_mitm wrote:
               | Yes, besides the toppings, for which there is no rule
               | (there is pizza bianca without tomato, and there is pizza
               | marina without cheese), I believe everybody agrees that
               | pizza dough needs to be made with yeast or sourdough.
               | Flammkuchen dough has neither.
        
               | tpm wrote:
               | Pizza bianca, white pizza:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_pizza
               | 
               | There is also a relatively new series of Chef's Table:
               | Pizza if you want to see some uncommon pizzas in a
               | beautiful documentary.
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | > Tomato usage in Italian food is _relatively_ recent.
           | 
           | Italy as a country is VERY recent. There is no such thing as
           | "Italian food", it used to be small estates in the peninsula
           | for a very long time after the romans
        
             | sph wrote:
             | You know that you can have a shared culture even if you're
             | not under the same flag.
             | 
             | Italy the country might be young, but the Italian language,
             | for example, has been around for 600+ years. The _Divine
             | Comedy_ is from 1308.
        
             | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
             | I always chuckle when Italian-Americans refer to coming
             | from "the old country". I know they mean "the country I was
             | born in", but it sounds like Italy is older than the USA,
             | when the USA is nearly a century older.
        
       | dumpster_fire wrote:
       | It looks like a round, wooden board being used as a sliced fruit
       | platter to me.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | Yes. I have small wooden boards at home that look exactly like
         | that, with a rounded edge.
        
         | sacnoradhq wrote:
         | At least it's not a fruitcake. Legend has it some of those
         | survived the Dark Ages and are still being regularly regifted
         | between family members.
        
       | jameslk wrote:
       | Previously: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36494776
        
       | MarvinYork wrote:
       | Looks like a wooden cutting board to me tbh. A pizza wouldn't
       | have those light reflexes, but oiled wood does.
        
       | n1b0m wrote:
       | Not pizza unless it has pineapple on it
        
       | yieldcrv wrote:
       | Isn't that picture better than what art historians imagine humans
       | were doing anywhere on the planet?
        
       | VVayneTracker wrote:
       | If modern pizzas evolved from mini-pizzas, then how come mini-
       | pizzas still exist?
        
       | LesZedCB wrote:
       | i will never be surprised by the transcendence of pizza
        
       | idontwantthis wrote:
       | Pizza is one of those things I can't believe someone "invented".
       | Flat bread must have been the first kind of bread: you just mix
       | flour and water and heat it. Put something on that flat bread and
       | eat it together and you have a "pizza" as much as this fresco is
       | a "pizza".
        
         | netrus wrote:
         | I am not aware of any traditional German dish that resembles a
         | pizza - and we definitely have a tradition of bread making. So
         | apparently it was not obvious to everyone.
        
           | omnibrain wrote:
           | Flammkuchen got already mentioned, but there is also
           | "Dinnele/Dinnete/Dunnele". Both sweet and savory.
        
           | gfaure wrote:
           | What about Flammekueche?
        
             | jeffreygoesto wrote:
             | Les Alsaciens m aimerait avoir son mot a dire.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Peut-etre il fallait ecrire en alsacien. :)
        
           | b3orn wrote:
           | Flammkuchen, from south western parts of Germany.
        
           | twic wrote:
           | There's a very old German word which mean some sort of baked
           | flat thing:
           | 
           | https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/An_Etymological_Dictionary_of.
           | ..
           | 
           | But i haven't been able to find out if we know whether it was
           | sweet or savoury, or anything else about it.
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | IMHO it's more like a case of getting invented in many places
         | because it still needs to be invented and people are inventing
         | it in very different forms.
         | 
         | You have the French/German Flammkuchen, which is an amazingly
         | good version that I don't know why it's not widely known.
         | 
         | There's Lahmacun, which is the "Turkish Pizza" - a lot more
         | spicy and thin version with minced meat with spice as topping.
         | There's also Pide, which is thicker and closer to Italian pizza
         | but the shape and the toppings are quite different(cubed meat,
         | egg).
         | 
         | Then there are the American pizza types like Chicago-style that
         | look significantly different than the Italian ones.
         | 
         | The one on the fresco looks like the Italian version.
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | Once in Basel I had a laugh, because a restaurant decided to
           | translate Flammkuchen as "French Pizza" on their menus.
        
           | Symbiote wrote:
           | I'd like to promote British cuisine by including cheese on
           | toast in your list.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese_on_toast
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | There's also:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melt_sandwich
        
             | toyg wrote:
             | _> British cuisine_
             | 
             | No such thing has actually existed since at least WWI.
        
               | xyzzy3000 wrote:
               | Chicken Tikka Masala says otherwise.
        
               | gm3dmo wrote:
               | Fish and Chips has entered the chat.
        
               | xyzzy3000 wrote:
               | Although fish and chips predate the first world war by
               | quite a bit.
               | 
               | Let us not overlook the deep-fried Mars bar.
        
           | ziftface wrote:
           | I think lahmacun's origins are at least more complicated than
           | just Turkish. Even the name means "meat with dough" in
           | Arabic.
           | 
           | As you said it was invented in many places though.
        
             | sirfz wrote:
             | Indeed, lahmacun (lahmajoon) clearly comes from Arabic
             | "lahm b ajin" (meat with bread) which is just another
             | variation of the Mankoushe (mnqwsh@) - a flat bread with
             | different toppings such as thyme, cheese and the famous
             | meat variation.
        
             | mrtksn wrote:
             | Sure, due to the history of the region(which is old as the
             | history of humanity and religions) it's really not easy to
             | attribute anything to any particular civilisation. It's
             | almost a sport to argue over the origin of the dish between
             | Greeks, Turks and Arabs.
        
         | pfannkuchen wrote:
         | > you just mix flour and water and heat it
         | 
         | Presumably though the domestication of wheat had a symbiotic
         | relationship with bread making. The (ancestral) wheat that
         | exists today is like bread-powder when it is milled, but it was
         | probably bred for that purpose (no pun intended). So I'm not
         | sure we can be confident what the first breads were like, made
         | with whatever pre-wheat grasses they had at the time. Perhaps
         | it required other ingredients at first before those aspects
         | were "automated" into the grass itself, etc
        
           | eru wrote:
           | You can make something like bread with lots of different
           | grains, not just wheat.
           | 
           | However, if you eg want to make a 100% rye bread, you really
           | have to make it a sourdough, because otherwise the chemistry
           | doesn't work out.
        
             | lisper wrote:
             | Aha! So that's why a true rye bread tastes so good!
        
             | OJFord wrote:
             | That doesn't make sense to me, unless you mean the 'normal'
             | instant yeasts supermarkets sell only work with wheat? If
             | yeast from natural exposure would work then surely one of
             | the plethora commercial yeasts (or marketed for homebrew)
             | would do the trick?
        
               | moritz wrote:
               | You _can_ use commercial yeast, but it will never be as
               | light as with sourdough fermentation, but very dense and
               | "soggy".
               | 
               | There are more factors at play here but the tldr is that,
               | other than wheat, rye flour contains a very high level of
               | amylase, an enzyme that breaks starches into sugars.
               | Amylase prevents bread from rising, and rye contains so
               | much of it that it stays active even with the high
               | temperatures of baking. Add that to the fact that rye has
               | very little gluten to hold up the structure of the
               | bread...
               | 
               | That's where sourdough comes into play. The acids
               | produced during a slow fermentation slow down the
               | reaction of amylase, giving you a lighter bread. For a
               | good rye bread, I ferment for over 24h in three steps.
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | Is that a lot? I ferment my regular wheat bread for over
               | 24h. (Started some off this morning as it happens, will
               | likely bake it tomorrow evening.)
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | datavirtue wrote:
               | Any self-reapecting pizzeria will cold ferment for three
               | days before attempting to make pizzas with it.
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | I think/thought this thread had devolved into 'regular'
               | loaf bread - indeed my pizza dough spends at least a day
               | in the fridge after a slightly shorter time 'bulk'
               | outside.
               | 
               | Interesting you say that though, because I find three
               | days about the limit, starts to really over-ferment,
               | becoming really 'pockety', even at refrigeration
               | temperatures. I suppose if I did it all in there as you
               | imply, no fermentation time at room temp. at all, that
               | might be better?
        
         | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
         | > Flat bread must have been the first kind of bread: you just
         | mix flour and water and heat it.
         | 
         | And keep some "old dough" for starting the next batch. The
         | general concept of a "sourdough starter" arises from that. This
         | was pretty much the only form of bread yeast until 1850 or so
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker%27s_yeast#History
         | 
         | And have a look at the wood-fired bead ovens in Pompeii.
         | They're quite similar to the Pizza ovens down the road in
         | Napoli. It's likely that the Romans made similar dishes:
         | flatbread with cheese, meat, sauce and herbs baked on top.
         | 
         | But not tomatoes yet, until 1600s or later, after the Columbian
         | exchange https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbian_exchange
        
           | idontwantthis wrote:
           | > And keep some "old dough" for starting the next batch.
           | 
           | It wouldn't even need to rise. Just heat dough and you'll
           | have something you can put other food on top of and eat the
           | whole thing.
        
             | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
             | But also the technique of leavening using natural yeast has
             | been known for thousands of years; it pre-dates the Romans,
             | who definitely used it in their regular bread.
             | 
             | I'd say that running a bakery under those conditions: i.e.
             | would always be yeast around and there is no refrigeration,
             | so for any given dough it's a question of when, not if, a
             | given piece of dough will start to rise.
        
             | datavirtue wrote:
             | You will also have a brick in your colon. Not good advice.
        
           | timeon wrote:
           | > But not tomatoes yet
           | 
           | Pineapple about same time.
        
           | prox wrote:
           | Pompeii had snackbars as well. People bought their food on
           | the street.
           | 
           | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/26/exceptionally-.
           | ..
           | 
           | In some districts in Rome, they had large apartment blocks
           | (insualae) several levels high, and fire was forbidden, so
           | people had to buy food on the streets.
           | 
           | From wiki: The insulae could be built up to nine storeys,
           | before Augustus introduced a height limit of about 68 feet.
           | Later, this was reduced further, to about 58 feet
        
         | sacnoradhq wrote:
         | Spiced flatbreads of the middle east are pretty damn good.
         | 
         | I think enough people, early enough, tried every combination of
         | tasty things on bread. Oil and vinegar with bread were probably
         | found thousands of years ago.
         | 
         | Tomato and corn don't arrive in the Old World until the early
         | 16th c. Cheese goes back to 7th mill. BCE but was too expensive
         | for most people.
        
         | jojobas wrote:
         | Well, someone had to do it first, therefore "invented". For the
         | Greeks, bread was almost as separate from other foods as drinks
         | were, so maybe the concept of baking that other food with dough
         | is not that obvious.
        
         | CTDOCodebases wrote:
         | It tastes so good so why isn't it available in multiple places
         | then?
         | 
         | Did some of the peoples involved in the parallel construction
         | have their bloodlines wiped off the whiteboard of humanity? Or
         | did they just get sick of eating it?
        
         | _giorgio_ wrote:
         | Exactly, and nowdays pizza is just a trendy "tray" used to
         | serve some exotic and new ingredients.
        
           | graypegg wrote:
           | I'm not sure if we can call "pizza with toppings other than
           | the strictly Italian defaults" as "trendy" anymore. Most
           | Swedish pizzerias will happily make you a banana curry pizza,
           | and it'll be the one of the standard topping options on the
           | menu. Is it a trend if it's normal?
           | 
           | I think we (humans) have been putting different things on
           | bread for as long as we've had bread, like GP said.
        
           | adql wrote:
           | always has been
        
           | delecti wrote:
           | Once upon a time (only about 500 years ago), tomato was a new
           | exotic ingredient in Italy too.
        
             | toyg wrote:
             | So exotic they called it "the gold fruit", _" pomo d'oro"_
             | - gold being the seeds inside.
        
         | datavirtue wrote:
         | Pizza evolved in America. High gluten flour, tomatoes, and
         | mozzarella. Don't confuse pizza with Italy.
         | 
         | American wheat flour has been the key innovation. No one else
         | has the gluten to hang. People import Americanized flour from
         | Italy with Italian names and such but you can get better in the
         | US. The lower gluten flours from Italy are good for the style
         | they make over there...margherita (the Italianized version of
         | pizza--very thin, high temp).
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | Your idea makes sense but that recipe of yours doesn't sound
         | like any pizza I want.
        
         | activiation wrote:
         | Good idea, i will patent it first though.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | If you consider all flatbreads with toppings to be "pizza" then
         | sure, that goes back basically forever.
         | 
         | People however usually think of the origin of pizza to be when
         | tomatoes were added to the equation, and that has a much more
         | well-defined history (mainly due to the limited availability
         | and spread of tomatoes in Europe and around the world).
        
       | VVayneTracker wrote:
       | If modern pizzas evolved from mini-pizzas, how come mini-pizzas
       | still exist?
        
       | gwbas1c wrote:
       | Upvoted simply because this has a _picture of the (cough) pizza._
       | 
       | I heard about this on the radio during my commute. Obviously, no
       | picture!
       | 
       | Then, this story popped up in my Android news feed... But it had
       | no picture of the item that the article was about. (Seriously,
       | WTF is with news articles that don't include a picture of the
       | thing they're writing about?)
       | 
       | But this contains a _picture of the (cough) pizza._ I didn 't
       | even bother reading the article. I just wanted to see the damn
       | thing after hearing about it for 10 minutes on the radio and
       | seeing another 1-million word article last night.
        
       | pimpampum wrote:
       | That looks way better than most pizzas today to be called a
       | proto-pizza, I'd call Domino's and such degenerate-pizza. I mean,
       | look at that airy crust.
        
       | ekianjo wrote:
       | The headline invents something that is not even in the article or
       | even in the headline of the article, against all rules of HN
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | I read this New York _Times_ piece [1] and "submit[ted] the
         | original source" per HN Guidelines. It's a creative reading of
         | the rules, but I think it works.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/27/world/europe/pizza-
         | mural-...
        
           | Pigalowda wrote:
           | Your earlier comments regarding free speech and the recent
           | Supreme Court ruling make more sense now. "Creative" indeed.
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | And if you close your eyes, does it almost feel like nothing's
       | changed at all?
        
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