[HN Gopher] The hidden cost of air quality monitoring
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The hidden cost of air quality monitoring
        
       Author : ahaucnx
       Score  : 554 points
       Date   : 2023-06-27 23:02 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.airgradient.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.airgradient.com)
        
       | przmk wrote:
       | I had my eyes on some AirGradient kits but it seems like you
       | can't buy them in the EU directly and, unfortunately, customs
       | fees are way too high for it to get shipped. Does anyone know
       | where I could find them or if there are other open alternatives?
        
         | ahaucnx wrote:
         | We currently sell only out of Thailand but most of our
         | customers in the EU and the US do not get charged any custom
         | fees.
        
           | przmk wrote:
           | That's interesting. How does that work? Since July 2021
           | (iirc), customs fees are mandatory for every single purchase
           | made out of the EU.
        
       | teekert wrote:
       | I thought this was going to be about "mental cost" of opening the
       | iOS weather app and seeing that you are breathing bad air day in,
       | day out.
        
       | accrual wrote:
       | I was thinking about getting a SAF Aranet4 recently but looks
       | like you're tied to their app to viewing the data. This article
       | helped me second guess my choice.
       | 
       | I would much rather such a nice looking device have a simple API
       | that some docker container can query and present a UI for, and/or
       | would integrate with HomeKit or HomeBridge which it looks like it
       | does not.
       | 
       | Does HN have any recommendations? Should I even bother with
       | optimizing another metric beyond "open the windows every couple
       | hours", assuming outdoor AQI is OK?
        
         | ahaucnx wrote:
         | Achim from AirGradient here.
         | 
         | The open source nature of our air quality monitor kits give you
         | a number of choices for data transfer. You can use the monitor
         | and send the data directly to your end point, e.g. through
         | ESPHome or just change our default firmware and change the http
         | post endpoint to your own server.
         | 
         | Alternatively, if you want to use the AirGradient dashboard, we
         | do also have an API that you can access your own data.
        
           | ck2 wrote:
           | Achim not sure if you'll see this but an idea to really make
           | AirGradient take off in the USA nationally on your
           | https://map.airgradient.com/
           | 
           | You should contact the national public WeatherSTEM program!
           | 
           | They have a great open-data network in all kinds of public
           | community places like universities and firehouses and such.
           | 
           | But WeatherSTEM does not have air quality sensors! That is a
           | huge oversight.
           | 
           | If your hardware can be paired with all their rigs
           | nationally, you'd blow away all other services like purpleair
           | overnight.
           | 
           | https://www.weatherstem.com/dashboard?public_access_token=e7.
           | ..
        
             | ahaucnx wrote:
             | Thanks. This looks interesting. I would loved to learn more
             | about it. Could you please contact me?
             | https://www.airgradient.com/support/
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | I got an IKEA air quality sensor for $50. It reports readings
         | over Zigbee (PM 2.5 and tVOC, along with temperature and
         | humidity), which is great. The PM2.5 reading is within 2-3
         | mm/m3 of my laser sensor that I got off of Ali, so quite
         | accurate.
        
           | voxelghost wrote:
           | >within 2-3 mm/m3 of
           | 
           | .. had me confused for longer than I like to admit, I assume
           | you meant mg/m3?
        
             | stavros wrote:
             | Oops, yes, thank you.
        
         | mischief6 wrote:
         | i have the aranet4. it can be used with HomeAssistant
         | (https://www.home-assistant.io/integrations/aranet/) and can be
         | tracked using ESPHome bluetooth
         | proxy(https://esphome.io/components/bluetooth_proxy.html) if
         | you don't have bluetooth on your HA machine. using this, i can
         | view CO2, humidity, pressure and temperature in HA.
        
         | vosper wrote:
         | I have no affiliation with Air Gradient (who wrote TFA) but I
         | recently assembled one of their DIY devices (the Pro Pre-
         | soldered version) and I'm quite happy with it.
         | 
         | > Since the AirGradient DIY Pro Kits are fully open-cource
         | [sic] you can send the data to any server, i.e. Home Assistant
         | 
         | If you can put lego together you can assemble this device, and
         | the price is right IMO, especially compared to competitors. I
         | don't think it's as compact or good looking as an Aranet 4, and
         | it's not portable unless you use a battery bank, but's it half
         | the price.
         | 
         | https://www.airgradient.com/kits/
        
         | lxchase wrote:
         | I have a Aranet4 linked with home assistant. For quick glances
         | at trends though their app is perfectly fine in my opinion.
        
         | tguvot wrote:
         | ecowitt wh45. you can read data from it with rtlsdr usb dongle
         | and rtl_433 program
        
         | throwaranay4933 wrote:
         | You're not limited to the Aranet4 app. The device speaks
         | Bluetooth and there are Python and Go libraries for parsing the
         | protocol. There is also a Prometheus exporter for it.
        
           | lilyball wrote:
           | Home Assistant already has an integration to read from it as
           | well.
        
             | secabeen wrote:
             | You will need a BT -> HA relay, but you can do that with
             | any ESP32 board and ESPHome.
        
               | silversmith wrote:
               | Only for huge distances. I have mine connected directly
               | to the BT of the mini pc I use to host HA.
        
               | lilyball wrote:
               | I'm running hass on a raspberry pi 4 and its built-in
               | bluetooth works fine, no extra setup needed.
        
         | Rebelgecko wrote:
         | These Airgradient blog posts are great marketing because they
         | give people like me a chance to talk about how good their
         | devices are :)
         | 
         | I put together an Airgradient Basic based on their PCB design,
         | a slightly more accurate temp/humidity sensor (in retrospect
         | probably not worth it), and the USB-C version of the
         | microcontroller they recommended at the time. Soldering
         | everything took an hour or so, and I also 3d printer a case.
         | IMO the display doesn't look as nice as an Eink would (a la the
         | Aranet), but it probably wouldn't be too difficult to mod one
         | in.
         | 
         | However I don't actually look at the display much, I have it
         | hooked up into Home Assistant so I can check everything on my
         | phone. Granted, the main lesson I've learned is the one you
         | mentioned: open the windows every once in a while, especially
         | if the oven or stove are on. It was also cool to validate that
         | my air purifier actually works.
        
           | accrual wrote:
           | That validation does sound very worthwhile. Thanks for the
           | reply and suggestion!
        
         | r1ch wrote:
         | My Aranet4 has been great, the original batteries lasted well
         | over a year with even with Bluetooth transmissions enabled,
         | which can be read by any BLE application (I use Home
         | Assistant). You only "need" the app for firmware updates,
         | speaking of which, the most recent firmware update seems to
         | have thrown my calibration out of whack as outdoor air now
         | reads 600ppm. Hopefully they fix it soon.
        
       | sliken wrote:
       | A sadly common patterns, reduced API access, worse free plan, and
       | increasing costs. Reminds me of Redhat and Reddit.
       | 
       | I just wanted to mention airthings. Turn key, cloud enabled, and
       | "just works". But also has a github repo with examples for
       | importing data into graphana, reading data from into a Raspberry
       | Pi, etc. Said tools talk directly to the device, so you can skip
       | the cloud completely.
       | 
       | I've got one gateway (if you plug in a usb-c power source) it
       | reads data from the devices over bluetooth then uploads to the
       | cloud. But you can do similar with a Pi. Then distribute the
       | bluetooth sensors around the house. I was surprised to get good
       | coverage over 3 floors of a house with BLE to a single gateway.
       | 
       | View plus is the gateway (when it has USB-c power, otherwise just
       | a sensor), has radon, PM 2.5, CO2, temp, VOCs, air pressure, and
       | humidity. It just works. Wave plus is the similar without the
       | gateway, it has radon, CO2, temp, VOCs, air pressure, and
       | humidity.
       | 
       | Nice quality hardware that "just works" out of the box with a
       | free cloud, but you can later import the data directly (not a
       | cloud download) into graphana or similar.
       | 
       | The batteries last a year or so, as advertised. The app is
       | decent, and there's a web dashboard for more control of the
       | presentation.
       | 
       | Github repos at https://github.com/Airthings
        
         | yuuuuuuuu wrote:
         | > I just wanted to mention airthings. Turn key, cloud enabled,
         | and "just works".
         | 
         | Cloud. As soon as it's in the cloud, it's not yours.
         | 
         | Just a matter of time for the next round of closing some API
         | and boom there goes your access to data.
        
           | sliken wrote:
           | That's optional, you can skip the cloud and download the data
           | directly from the device over bluetooth and dump it into
           | graphana or whatever floats your boat.
        
             | chromatin wrote:
             | IMO it's absurd that you cannot download over your local
             | LAN and have to rig up a Raspberry Pi (or similar) to read
             | via BLE. That turned me off, although I'm still looking for
             | a sensor with radon.
        
               | somehnguy wrote:
               | I have an AirThings Wave+ (CO2, VOC, pressure, radon,
               | temp, humidity) that I read from using an esp32 via ble
               | (esphome) to bring the data into Home Assistant. All
               | local, super easy to setup & 'just works'.
               | 
               | I'm sure you could use a Pi to pull in the data manually
               | via ble if you have no other uses for Home Assistant.
        
         | Hermitian909 wrote:
         | > reduced API access, worse free plan, and increasing costs.
         | 
         | Expect a lot more of this over the next year. We've all gotten
         | used to generous free plans due to the era of zero percent
         | interest and high growth; that era is ending (at least
         | temporarily). Almost every SaaS business that has not already
         | re-done their pricing tiers since the interest rate hikes is in
         | the process of doing so. Oh, and ad-supported plans are going
         | to get _way_ more aggressive on the ads.
        
           | DharmaPolice wrote:
           | Although the direct effects are awful it feels like we should
           | surely (in the long term) _want_ services to be sustainable -
           | i.e. the cost of the service to be paid for by its users.
           | Where services are not sustainable (and require donations
           | /grants) this should be explicit and transparent.
           | 
           | Cheap money lasted for such a long time that we're all used
           | to being on economic painkillers 24/7.
        
             | tlavoie wrote:
             | Yes, services should be sustainable. That isn't the same
             | thing as enabling them to extract as much money as possible
             | in a short period of time before selling out, which is
             | often the target these days.
             | 
             | Develop a long-term plan that builds a stable business, and
             | keeps both the proprietor and customers happy, and I'm
             | happy to support them.
        
             | Hermitian909 wrote:
             | > we want services to be sustainable - i.e. the cost of the
             | service to be paid for by its users
             | 
             | All of this applies equally to businesses that were
             | sustainable (or on a path to sustainability). The amount of
             | money a business can responsibly spend on loss leaders like
             | a free tier is dependent on growth rate and cost of
             | capital.
             | 
             | Now that cost of capital has gone up and growth has gone
             | down, the amount you can reasonably spend on loss leaders
             | is comparatively tiny.
             | 
             | This does _not_ mean we should expect fundamental changes
             | in most business models going forward. Most startups did
             | not take the Vision Fund approach to their business model
             | that so fundamentally warped a few markets (Uber, WeWork,
             | etc.)
        
           | viraptor wrote:
           | I hope it's not going to be too bad. We'll have some delay,
           | but soon more open source projects should fill the
           | underserved spaces. The generous free plans stopped many
           | interesting projects from being created, but as a side effect
           | that's also going to change.
        
       | hn8305823 wrote:
       | > It appears that some sensor manufacturers have a strong desire
       | to force people into subscriptions and this is sometimes even a
       | metric mentioned in their annual reports
       | 
       | This is a huge problem that goes way beyond the subject of this
       | article. Most companies (especially publicly traded ones) want
       | recurring revenue on their books, not one-time sales. This is why
       | even traditional hardware vendors like Cisco/Juniper try to get
       | as much recurring revenue as possible with subscriptions to
       | unlock ports etc.
       | 
       | A CFO explained it to me once that "a dollar of one-time sale
       | contributes 1x to our valuation while a dollar of recurring
       | revenue contributes 17x". I may have translated that wrong but
       | you get the idea.
        
       | w-ll wrote:
       | the irony on a substack... the hidden cost of me scrolling and
       | closing the tab
        
       | seventytwo wrote:
       | Sounds ripe for competition
        
       | ZacnyLos wrote:
       | Looks like this polish startup Airly: https://airly.org/en/
        
         | tajchert wrote:
         | Airly is extremely blocking access to their data. They boast
         | with "open data" but their API is extremely restrictive (ToS)
         | as well limited (ex. how much data you can get and how often),
         | terms of service are very complicated and change often without
         | notice.
         | 
         | Airly is exactly a case how we should NOT monitor air quality
         | as this company sells cheap stations to (mostly) government
         | with then high monthly fees and with closed access to data
         | obtained from those stations, while at the same time saying
         | words such as "open data".
         | 
         | Source: I'm author of Kanarek mobile app, and had a "pleasure"
         | to work with them. https://spidersweb.pl/2018/01/kanarek-airly-
         | smog-w-polsce.ht...
        
       | KOTYAR wrote:
       | Sorry to bother you, but in AirGradient DIY page you mentioned
       | Wemos D1 Mimi clone of D1 Mini - works good with your firmware.
       | Is it still true, or would I run into problems should I buy one
       | for AirGradient?
        
         | ahaucnx wrote:
         | Yes it works good.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | The other cost:
       | 
       | Typically the solution to high CO2 in indoor air is to exchange
       | it with outdoor air.
       | 
       | Most users will open a window. The energy cost of that is
       | relatively huge, when room air is heated or cooled.
       | 
       | In modern eco buildings, there might be counterflow heat
       | exchangers - those can recover 80+% of the heat - but still, the
       | energy loss through air exchange can quickly add up to be a major
       | component of the buildings energy bill.
       | 
       | I believe we should work towards buildings that don't exhaust
       | dirty air to the environment. Throwing away contaminated stuff
       | and letting nature deal with it is 1900's thinking. We should
       | instead break that CO2 back into oxygen, filter the dust, and
       | remove VOC's. We should fix the air, not replace it.
       | 
       | So far, to my knowledge, nobody does this except on submarines.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | sliken wrote:
         | The main source of CO2 in a home are things that turn natural
         | gas into heat, in particular gas stoves, and surprisingly
         | common problems with gas water heaters and gas furnaces. Saw a
         | study that mentioned during inspections that only 25% of homes
         | got rid of the CO2 exhaust to the degree they should.
         | 
         | I personally ended up with crazy high CO2 levels, turns out
         | hail crushed the exhaust lid, blocking the airflow, and led to
         | scary high levels that were so bad hand writing changed. Took
         | awhile to track it down, then I started graphing the CO2
         | levels, figured out was going on, and fixed it the same day.
         | Fortunately hand writing returned to normal.
         | 
         | Most homes aren't going to have serious CO2 levels from just
         | human breathing. Sure modern homes can be so well insulated you
         | have problems, but said homes should be engineered for a
         | specific airflow exchange rate and use heat exchangers as
         | necessary.
        
         | skybrian wrote:
         | Air filters seem pretty efficient; it's just a fan and a
         | filter. If you exchange the air as well, you're sending _clean_
         | air to the environment. (Though it has more CO2.)
         | 
         | For oxygen, fast-growing indoor plants might help a little, but
         | apparently you'd need a lot of them. [1]
         | 
         | > Plants produce 22 L for every 150 g of growth (ref 2). They
         | would need to increase in weight by 3.75 Kg (8 pounds), each
         | day, to produce the oxygen used by one person.
         | 
         | > Keep in mind that plants grow slowly. Adding 3.75 Kg to your
         | houseplants every day would require a huge number of plants.
         | 
         | Carbon capture: not as easy as it sounds. You'll need plenty of
         | sunlight. Grow lamps?
         | 
         | What would you do with eight pounds of plants per day?
         | Hopefully some parts are edible, closing the cycle a little.
         | 
         | I've heard that people growing cannabis will buy CO2, so if
         | there were some other way to capture it then they'd probably
         | take it.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.gardenmyths.com/houseplants-increase-oxygen-
         | leve...
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Fractional distillation of air is fairly energy efficient
           | (and can get rid of VOC's and give you heating/cooling 'for
           | free'), and can very effectively capture CO2 into dry-ice.
           | 
           | Sadly it's currently factory-sized technology, not something
           | you can install in the basement.
        
         | djmips wrote:
         | Submarines and spacecraft.
        
         | ShakataGaNai wrote:
         | Submarines don't turn CO2 back into O2. They "scrub" the CO2
         | out using Soda Lime (or similar). They use electrolysis or
         | oxygen candles to generate new oxygen.
         | 
         | https://www.analoxgroup.com/blog/how-do-you-breath-onboard-s...
         | 
         | After the soda lime is maxed out, it's tossed. At least so far
         | as I understand you can't meaningfully re-use it for scrubbing,
         | though there are other industrial uses where it can be re-
         | purposed. Also O2 electrolysis takes a fairly substantial
         | amount of electricity, which is OK when you've got a nuclear
         | generator on your hands.
         | 
         | So.... it's a lot cheaper (and more environmentally friendly)
         | to use an ERV system in your HVAC system even at "only" 80%
         | recovery. Let the plants do what they are good at and deal with
         | capturing CO2 and giving us O2.
         | 
         | The problem is we don't generally build insulated enough or
         | tight enough houses to matter. If everything was built to
         | passive house standard, we'd save HUGE amounts of energy
         | globally.
        
           | rascul wrote:
           | > After the soda lime is maxed out, it's tossed. At least so
           | far as I understand you can't meaningfully re-use it for
           | scrubbing, though there are other industrial uses where it
           | can be re-purposed.
           | 
           | Does it get re-purposed? Is there an issue to "tossing" it
           | out of the sub while submerged?
        
             | 57FkMytWjyFu wrote:
             | The soda lime solution is only used for shipboard
             | casualties. The normal service system on a submarine uses a
             | regenerative fluid to scrub the air of CO2.
             | 
             | This fluid smells like cat piss.
        
               | ShakataGaNai wrote:
               | Interesting. I did more research and there isn't a ton
               | out in the public domain, but it looks to be that the USN
               | and others are using MonoEthanolAmine (MEA) as a
               | regenerative CO2 scrubber. MEA
               | 
               | >Weeks et al. (1960) reported that volunteers who smelled
               | MEA vapor described the odor as ammoniacal, musty, or
               | foreign; some volunteers were unable to characterize the
               | odor.
               | 
               | > Ethanolamine is a colorless, viscous liquid with an
               | odor reminiscent of ammonia.
               | 
               | Ammonia is a lot of what "cat piss" smells of, so that
               | tracks. Thanks! That was really interesting to read
               | about!
               | 
               | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanolamine
               | 
               | * https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA389253
               | 
               | * https://www.sonistics.com/wp-content/uploads/01-KEY-
               | DEVELOPM...
               | 
               | * https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/11170/chapter/10
               | #197
        
             | ShakataGaNai wrote:
             | If I remember my chemistry correctly Soda lime + CO2
             | results in Sodium Bicarbonate (baking soda) and Calcium
             | Carbonate. I'm not a submariner, so I have no idea if they
             | have re-purposes use for it onboard. I would assume it is
             | stored, like all trash/waste, onboard until the sub is
             | resupplied.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | cwkoss wrote:
       | Is there anything good samaritan citizens can do locally (on a
       | standard residential lot) to improve the particulate pollution
       | levels outdoors around their house? (and possibly their
       | neighbors' too?).
       | 
       | What are the effects of trees/plants on PM2.5 pollution? Are
       | there plants that catch more? Do damp leaves catch more?
       | 
       | Does watering plants with a mist pull extra microparticles out of
       | the air vs a stream? (if so, Do plants mind or benefit from the
       | extra stuff in their water?)
       | 
       | Are there any "permaculture" solutions for air filtration? Could
       | a filter caked with pm2.5 black carbon and whatnot be useful for
       | anything else? Can I manufacture a filter that will reduce pm2.5
       | using home grown plant materials?
       | 
       | What if I converted a wall of my shed into all filtration
       | material, made it airtight, and pushed air out the other side of
       | the shed under solar power? How would 100sqft of filter give
       | flexibility of filter media?
       | 
       | If I made a giant/parallelized bong in my backyard that
       | constantly pulled air through water to try to catch
       | microparticles, how big would it have to be to have an
       | appreciable effect? Would ground charcoal in the water help?
        
         | jojobas wrote:
         | There's another side to it, while pollen is larger than PM2.5,
         | in some weather conditions (Melbourne's cool changes for one)
         | it will burst into multiple PM2.5 fragments.
        
         | Z_I_F_F wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | imrehg wrote:
           | "Let me ChatGPT that for you" reaction is likely the new "Let
           | me Google that for you".
        
             | cwkoss wrote:
             | Fwiw: I did some searching and pine had the strongest
             | effect on pm2.5 in the study I found.
             | 
             | I found the answer moderately useful.
        
             | ShakataGaNai wrote:
             | Except with google you might get an authoritative source...
             | where as you have no idea if ChatGPT is hallucinating or
             | just plain wrong.
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | Don't use leaf blowers; those are a huge source of outdoor
         | particulates.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | mfgs wrote:
           | Do you mean a petrol leaf blower? Because of the motor
           | emissions or the blowing?
        
             | aidenn0 wrote:
             | It's a fair question, and the answer is "I don't know."
             | Petrol leaf blowers are typically 2-stroke engines which
             | are incredibly polluting (even in an absolute sense
             | compared to a modern 4-stroke engine for a mid-sized
             | saloon). They also kick up a lot of dust. I'm not sure what
             | the balance is. Certainly for e.g. NO2 and hydrocarbons
             | switching to electric will be a huge win, but I'm not sure
             | how much/long the particulates kicked up by blowing
             | contribute.
             | 
             | [edit]
             | 
             | I found a report[1]; on page 22, the median estimated
             | "fugitive dust" emmisions of blowing on a shoulder, or curb
             | is about 480g (1lb) of PM2.5 per hour. It does note that
             | this is a pure calculation and not empirically tested
             | though. The entire range of their calculations put fugitive
             | dust as higher particulate emissions than the exhaust
             | (though the exhaust particulate of a 3hp leaf-blower (i.e.
             | high-powered commercial) is already nearly 2 orders of
             | magnitude higher than a modern light-duty vehicle and a
             | 0.8hp (i.e. typical personal-use leafblower)).
             | 
             | 1: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2018-11/Healt
             | h%20...
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | Sales of new gas mowers and leaf blowers are banned in
           | California starting July 1st, 2024. "As California Goes, so
           | Goes the Nation."
           | 
           | https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtm.
           | ..
           | 
           | > Brand new gas-powered leaf blowers and lawn mowers will
           | soon become scarce in California. In October 2021, Gov. Gavin
           | Newsom signed a law banning the sale of gas-powered lawn
           | mowers and leaf blowers, as well as any other equipment using
           | small off-road engines, also known as SOREs. These engines
           | traditionally power equipment used in lawn care and
           | landscaping.
           | 
           | > Small engine-based tools are a surprisingly large source of
           | carbon emissions and air pollution. According to the
           | California Air Resources Board, just one hour of gas leaf
           | blower use is the equivalent of driving 1,100 miles. Running
           | a gas lawn mower for the same period equates to a 300-mile
           | drive.
           | 
           | https://www.cnet.com/home/yard-and-outdoors/loud-gas-
           | belchin...
           | 
           | https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/msprog/offroad/sm_en_fs.pdf
           | 
           | https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2023/04/30/gas-
           | le... ("Gas leaf blowers and lawn mowers are shockingly bad
           | for the planet. Bans are beginning to spread.")
           | 
           | (electric landscaping tools are at parity, check out the EGO
           | brand for an example: https://egopowerplus.com/)
        
             | rascul wrote:
             | > electric landscaping tools are at parity
             | 
             | For most homeowners. Not for commercial usage. There's that
             | battery charge issue still. There are workarounds that can
             | help though.
        
             | 83 wrote:
             | Ego commercial blower: 170mph 600cfm (only during turbo
             | boost, unclear how long that can last)
             | 
             | Stihl gas blower: 239mph 912cfm
             | 
             | Not even getting into weight, cost, or refuel times -
             | that's extremely far from parity.
        
             | throwoutway wrote:
             | The person you are replying to did not mention gas (just
             | lead blowers in general) but your post seems to only focus
             | on gas leaf blowers. California did not ban electric leaf
             | blowers did they?
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Electric leaf blowers are annoying, but not burning fuel
               | with zero emissions controls such that gas landscaping
               | appliances are, hence bans on the gas versions causing
               | wild amounts of pollution for the amount of fuel burned.
               | 
               | There is a reason combustion vehicles are mandated to
               | have a catalytic converter, and why diesel vehicles must
               | filter particulates.
        
               | jrflowers wrote:
               | What's the difference between electric and gas leaf
               | blowers with regard to particulate matter in the air?
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | I found a CARB report[1] that addresses this. TL;DR:
               | nobody's directly measured the particulates ("fugitive
               | dust") kicked up, but the estimates made from back-
               | calculating measurements of dust present on road services
               | suggest that the majority of PM10 and PM2.5 from a leaf
               | blower are due to fugitive dust, and therefore will still
               | be present in electric leaf blowers.
               | 
               | There isn't a lot of data on how much the chemical makeup
               | of particulates affects health, nor on what the makeup of
               | particulates likely to be kicked up by a leaf-blower are.
               | At least some of the particulates from two-stroke engine
               | emissions are known to be _really bad_ (e.g. partially
               | combusted lubricants). So the jury is out on if the
               | particulate related health risks are dominated by the
               | engine or the dust. If you think  "all PM2.5 is bad" then
               | it's almost certainly dominated by the dust though.
               | 
               | 1: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2018-11/Hea
               | lth%20...
        
               | jrflowers wrote:
               | Thanks!
        
               | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
               | a bunch of nitrogen oxides that are pretty bad for
               | people, a bunch of Co2, and a bunch more noise.
        
               | nelsondev wrote:
               | The gas leaf blower also is also burning gas, and hence
               | adding that particulate matter in addition to what gets
               | stirred up.
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | It's not just burning gas; as a 2-stroke engine, it's
               | burning a gas/oil mixture that is even dirtier than
               | burning just gasoline.
        
               | jrflowers wrote:
               | That makes sense. I am curious as to _how big_ the
               | difference the power source makes for a machine that's
               | purpose-made to kick up particulate matter up into the
               | air from the ground.
        
               | roywiggins wrote:
               | 2-stroke engines in general are _awful_ for air quality.
               | 
               | https://phys.org/news/2014-05-two-stroke-scooters-super-
               | poll...
        
               | jrflowers wrote:
               | I believe that! I am curious as to how big the difference
               | the power source makes for a machine that's purpose-made
               | to kick up particulate matter up into the air from the
               | ground though.
        
               | Fomite wrote:
               | Purely anecdote, but my neighbor uses a gas leaf blower
               | and we use an electric one, and our yards are broadly
               | similar. The difference is notable.
        
               | jrflowers wrote:
               | How?
        
               | 83 wrote:
               | The electric blower yard probably still has leaves on it.
               | 
               | I'm all for electrifying yard tools, but electric blowers
               | still aren't anywhere near a high end Stihl or Husqvarna
               | in performance.
        
               | Fomite wrote:
               | We both kick up a fair amount of fines, but there's also
               | a noticeable amount of fairly dirty output from the gas
               | blower.
        
               | comedowntous wrote:
               | It's in that CARB report posted above: https://ww2.arb.ca
               | .gov/sites/default/files/2018-11/Health%20...
               | 
               | Compare Table 3 to Table 5. PM emissions from exhaust are
               | on the order of 1 gram per hour. Whereas fugitive dust
               | emissions, depending on the surface, are 100s or 1000s of
               | grams per hour.
        
               | ztrww wrote:
               | Did anyone imply there was a difference (besides electric
               | ones possibly being less powerful)?
        
               | jrflowers wrote:
               | If you scroll up this thread you will see where the
               | discussion began.
               | 
               | Edit: For example, you'll see where I asked my initial
               | question here
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36501689
        
             | alach11 wrote:
             | > Small engine-based tools are a surprisingly large source
             | of carbon emissions and air pollution... just one hour of
             | gas leaf blower use is the equivalent of driving 1,100
             | miles
             | 
             | Perhaps this is true for certain types of air pollution,
             | but there's no way it's true for carbon emissions. CO2
             | emitted has to be proportional to gasoline burned. And
             | there's no way a leaf blower is consuming 25 gallons of gas
             | per hour.
        
               | bronco21016 wrote:
               | I'm not an expert in the chemistry at all but how does
               | the 2-cycle oil added to the fuel contribute to carbon
               | density of the fuel?
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | It's denser than octane but doesn't meaningfully close
               | the gap.
               | 
               | To drive 1100 miles, the commenter above gave an
               | extremely generous 25 gallons of gas (likely closer to 40
               | for a non-Prius).
               | 
               | One gallon of gas produces about 20 pounds of CO2, which
               | is about 73% oxygen (from the atmosphere) by weight. The
               | remaining 27% of the weight comes from carbon.
               | 
               | So, one gallon of gasoline provides 20*0.27=5.4lbs of
               | carbon to the CO2 produced. Multiply by 25, and you're
               | looking at over 135lbs of carbon alone coming from your
               | source when 25 gallons of gas are burned.
               | 
               | Considering that the amount of weight carried around by
               | the user of a leaf blower is on the low tens of pounds,
               | and not hundreds, it seems ludicrous to presume that a
               | leaf blower produces anywhere near the amount of CO2 in
               | an hour as does a car driving 1100 miles.
        
               | Earw0rm wrote:
               | It doesn't. This is about particulate pollution and other
               | directly toxic nasties, not CO2 or climate.
        
               | Gordonjcp wrote:
               | It basically doesn't.
               | 
               | Even without the oil - 2-stroke engines will run on
               | straight petrol, albeit briefly - they still emit an
               | obscene amount of unburnt fuel.
        
               | ammar2 wrote:
               | The source might be "A REPORT TO THE CALIFORNIA
               | LEGISLATURE ON THE POTENTIAL HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL
               | IMPACTS OF LEAF BLOWERS" found here: https://ww2.arb.ca.g
               | ov/sites/default/files/2018-11/Health%20...
               | 
               | This is the table in the source:                 +-------
               | -------------+-------------------+-------------+---------
               | ------+       |                    | Exhaust Emissions |
               | New vehicle | Older vehicle |       +--------------------
               | +-------------------+-------------+---------------+
               | | Hydrocarbons       | 199.26            | 0.39        |
               | 201.9         |       | Carbon Monoxide    | 423.53
               | | 15.97       | 1310          |       | Particulate
               | Matter | 6.43              | 0.13        | 0.78
               | |       | Fugitive Dust      | 48.6-1031         | N/A
               | | N/A           |       +--------------------+-----------
               | --------+-------------+---------------+
               | 
               | and the accompanying text:
               | 
               | > Another way to visualize the data is to compare
               | emissions for a given amount of leaf blower operation to
               | miles traveled by car. The Air Resources Board regularly
               | publishes such emissions benchmarks. Thus, for the
               | average 1999 leaf blower and car data presented in Table
               | 9, we calculate that hydrocarbon emissions from one-half
               | hour of leaf blower operation equal about 7,700 miles of
               | driving, at 30 miles per hour average speed. The carbon
               | monoxide emission benchmark is signficantly different.
               | For carbon monoxide, one-half hour of leaf blower useage
               | would be equivalent to about 440 miles of automobile
               | travel at 30 miles per hour average speed.
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | For those not reading closely note that Hydrocarbons !=
               | Carbon. A New vehicle will burn fairly completely (if you
               | include the cat as part of the process), leaving a
               | miniscule amount of hydrocarbons (incompletely burned
               | fuel) and a small amount of CO. The catalytic converter
               | will oxidize hydrocarbons, CO and NO2 leaving almost
               | entirely N2 CO2 and H2O (and in fuels with significant
               | sulfer, hydrogen sulfide which has its own issues).
        
               | Gordonjcp wrote:
               | > New vehicle will burn fairly completely (if you include
               | the cat as part of the process), leaving a miniscule
               | amount of hydrocarbons (incompletely burned fuel) and a
               | small amount of CO
               | 
               | So will old ones, if you run them on the right fuel.
               | 
               | My 25-year-old Range Rover has a 4.6 litre engine adapted
               | to run on propane which is - under the right
               | circumstances - a *negative* emission vehicle. It can
               | have measurably less CO and HC in the exhaust than in the
               | intake air (city air heavily contaminated with CO and HC
               | for example from bus engines).
        
               | gwill wrote:
               | I found a 2001 study that says 1 hour of lawn mowing is
               | equivalent to 100 miles. either a mistype, wicked game of
               | telephone or nefarious act has taken place. https://www.s
               | ciencedaily.com/releases/2001/05/010529234907.h...
        
               | exhilaration wrote:
               | Fixed link: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2001/05
               | /010529234907.h...
        
               | cma wrote:
               | No catalytic converter and it makes sense. It is talking
               | about traditional pollution and not CO2.
        
               | joelcollinsdc wrote:
               | Yeah I am assuming that they are talking about the
               | pollutants that are normally burned up in a catalytic
               | converter. Still confusingly worded.
        
               | enragedcacti wrote:
               | I've found in general people and even regulatory agencies
               | play fast and loose with comparing GHGs and pollutants.
               | In this case, including CO in "carbon emissions" makes
               | the statement technically true but pretty misleading
               | since most people see "carbon emissions" as an equivalent
               | or shorthand to "GHG ermissions"
        
             | ewoodrich wrote:
             | Even if gas leaf blowers weren't terrible as far as
             | emissions they are a weekly menance for apartment dwellers
             | so I am hoping they will be banned where I live eventually.
             | Electric is somewhat annoying but tolerable.
             | 
             | A complex pays for regular landscaping services which turns
             | into hours of painfully disruptive noise pollution often in
             | the early hours for residents.
        
               | foobarian wrote:
               | Electric blowers are still very loud and high pitched. My
               | dream is an electric backpack blower with a giant
               | squirrel cage blower powered by a low rpm brushless
               | motor, instead of the high rpm blade fan blower like in
               | my current handheld tool.
        
           | cwkoss wrote:
           | I got a rechargeable battery powered leaf blower last year
           | and love it. Plenty powerful for my needs, and ~10 mins is
           | almost always plenty for all I need to get stuff cleaned up.
           | 
           | But i suppose they might temporarily kick up a bunch of dust,
           | regardless of power source...
        
             | cowsandmilk wrote:
             | > they might temporarily kick up a bunch of dust
             | 
             | To me, this is why raking just makes sense. I can't stand
             | the dust from leaf blowers. And often, just mowing over the
             | leaves is adequate and better for the environment.
        
           | Analemma_ wrote:
           | Basically don't use anything with a two-stroke engine, they
           | are horrible for the environment. There's an astonishing-but-
           | true fact that California's leaf blowers make more
           | particulate pollution than all the cars and trucks in the
           | state put together because two-strokes are so dirty.
        
             | joelcollinsdc wrote:
             | So a four stroke leaf blower would be ok?
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | All that weight would probably be bad for your back...
        
               | aerio wrote:
               | That's why I dual wield two normal leaf blowers instead!
        
               | enragedcacti wrote:
               | they are much better than a 2-stroke but still far worse
               | than e.g. a modern vehicle because the emissions
               | technology is either much much simpler or not present at
               | all.
        
             | cyberax wrote:
             | Two-stroke engines are bad not only for the environment,
             | but also for the people who operate them.
             | 
             | These engines not only produce a ton of particulate
             | emissions, but also a lot of half-burned and unburned
             | hydrocarbons. Including formaldehyde, benzene, and all
             | kinds of other crap.
             | 
             | You can at least filter out particulates with an N99 mask,
             | but it does nothing against hydrocarbons.
        
               | armada651 wrote:
               | Not to mention that a lot of people use them without
               | hearing protection and given how notoriously loud they
               | are they're also giving themselves hearing damage.
        
         | redleader55 wrote:
         | I think the source of the PM pollutant is more important than
         | the number of particles of a specific size. For example: I
         | don't have no data or research on how bad the smoke from the
         | barbecue is for your health, but my intuition tells me it's
         | probably less harmful than the smoke from an old car that needs
         | an oil change, regardless of that the metric says about the
         | number of particles.
        
           | pirate787 wrote:
           | The primary action of particulate matter is that it gets
           | stuck in your body (and tiny PM can penetrate into the brain)
           | and is an inflammatory irritant the rest of your life,
           | leading to disease. It stands to reason if the PM is also a
           | toxic particle, the impact is worse.
        
             | ImaCake wrote:
             | Most particles can be removed by your immune system. Things
             | like asbestos are bad specifically because the kinds of
             | particles asbestos becomes are very difficult to
             | phagacytose (and remove).
        
         | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
         | Get rid of your car?
        
           | sundvor wrote:
           | Quite a few cars these days are electric, some of which may
           | even be charged to a high degree by PV.
           | 
           | And people who drive generally have a legitimate need for
           | one.
           | 
           | "Make your next car an EV" would be a better statement.
        
             | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
             | Specifically, the EV should probably be a cargo bike. A
             | bucket bike can replace something like 85% of car journeys
             | (commutes, groceries, kids to school, etc) with way lower
             | cost, upkeep cost, and emissions, and particulates than a
             | car. Pretty much every family should have one (and rent a
             | car for long distance stuff).
        
               | adrianN wrote:
               | I find a trailer to be more convenient than a cargo bike.
               | Most of the time I don't need it at all and when I need
               | more capacity than it offers I recht a cargo bike.
        
             | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
             | A decent amount of PM comes from tires and brake pads...
        
               | Nasrudith wrote:
               | "The free vegan snacks aren't gluten free, the
               | bastards!". Seriously, it seems that any time there is
               | any improvement made people complain about it more than
               | the prior much worse state.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | sundvor wrote:
               | Yeah, I see I'm being severely downvoted to the point of
               | (dead) for speaking to the benefit of EVs in a thread
               | about air pollution..?
               | 
               | As a somewhat serious cyclist (I have 4 bikes - two for
               | the road, two for MTB), I know which kind of car I would
               | rather ride behind. (I have gone through a number of
               | respro filters over the years..)
        
               | brenns10 wrote:
               | I think especially in cities, people don't like the idea
               | of replacing one problem with another.
               | 
               | Sure, ICE cars cause more air pollution than EVs. But
               | things like public transit tend to create even less,
               | since there's not a need to have one vehicle per person.
               | 
               | Since public transit makes so much sense in dense cities
               | compared to EVs, I think a lot of the frustration and
               | down votes you face are due to that issue: why replace
               | one known evil with another, when we have much better
               | options available??
        
               | sundvor wrote:
               | Thanks; good response.
               | 
               | Yes you got to push alternatives.
               | 
               | But at the same time, at least 90% of the cars - and near
               | 100% of buses - that are still going to be sold (no
               | matter how one might wish for new cars not to be needed)
               | should be _electric_ ones.
               | 
               | I live in a sprawled out city (Melbourne, AUS), where,
               | especially if you have kids, a car is close to a darned
               | necessity. So those cars are still going to be sold, and
               | far too many of them are dirty gas guzzlers.
               | 
               | I like to walk and ride as much as possible, but after
               | making the move to an EV myself (near 100% solar powered
               | for half the year, then coal the other half - still way
               | better than oil if you look at the whole CO2 emission
               | chain) it's amazing how sensitive I've gotten to petrol
               | and diesel fumes.
               | 
               | We have one electric bus in my area. Absolutely awesome
               | to see this first step. Yet a significant number of our
               | trains are still using diesel - their fumes on that
               | (Spencer Street) main connecting station are ridiculously
               | toxic. There's just so much work to do..
        
           | skybrian wrote:
           | A bit drastic. Avoiding driving on days when air quality is
           | bad would also do.
        
             | lucasjans wrote:
             | That's every day in much of the world. I lived in Southeast
             | Asia for 8 years and 9/10 days the air was unhealthy.
        
               | throwaway2037 wrote:
               | What city? It is too generic to say "Southeast Asia".
               | Most of it is rural. And what is meant by "unhealthy"?
               | What measurements? I cannot believe that 90% of days were
               | unhealthy. Why? Rainy season is never polluted -- I know
               | from experience in Hongkong and Singapore. Once a day or
               | more, you get a huge downpour that takes most pollution
               | out of the air. (This is partly why Seattle fairs very
               | well in clean air measurements... it rains so damn much.
               | Scottish cities, too.)
        
               | mcmoor wrote:
               | I recently bought an air purifier for my house and it's
               | constantly red when used in living room that has outside
               | windows. In other words, air quality around my house is
               | constantly bad. By the end i moved it to an isolated room
               | where at least we can enjoy clean air there.
        
               | cwkoss wrote:
               | Maybe consider a boxfan+furnace filter for the living
               | room - if air quality is always bad you don't really need
               | the sensor switching
        
             | killingtime74 wrote:
             | Not being sarcastic, what level of effort are we talking
             | about valuating clean local air at? Only actions that cause
             | no inconvenience? Using monetary value of pollution related
             | production vs health care costs?
             | 
             | It would be not that inconvenient to not drive for local
             | trips but very inconvenient for longer trips? Or vice versa
             | depending on where you live
        
               | hospitalJail wrote:
               | I'm an environmentalist, and I agreed with a
               | recommendation for the 2 stroke engine thing... but when
               | I saw someone say 'quit smoking', it made me realize how
               | small fries I am.
               | 
               | People are cooking over coal/wood around the world, that
               | is far far far worse than everything I've read(and that
               | doesnt include industrial pollution). (Although 2 stroke
               | engines and their byproducts are cancer causing, so...
               | that is still valid)
        
               | twothamendment wrote:
               | There are still areas in the USA that heat their homes
               | with wood. I live near one, luckily just far enough away
               | that I'm not sitting in the haze of smoke. I don't know
               | how anyone can live in this town in the winter.
               | 
               | As for 2-storkes, I can't stand them, but they are still
               | a necessary evil in many situations. I have gas and
               | electric chainsaw. The electric doesn't compare in power
               | and capability - but it is also my favorite, so I use it
               | when I can. I love not smelling like 2-stroke exhaust,
               | the electric always "starts" too. Then a larger tree dies
               | or a dozen blow down at once and I have to break out the
               | gas saw...
        
               | skybrian wrote:
               | In my neighborhood, if we got to the point where there
               | was a car in every garage instead of 2-4 cars per house,
               | we'd be doing great.
               | 
               | (Also, if it stays in the garage most of the time, it
               | doesn't really harm anyone. I think that's only common
               | for retired people, though?)
               | 
               | I don't know how to price it. Most people don't really
               | think about it that way.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | > Is there anything good samaritan citizens can do locally (on
         | a standard residential lot) to improve the particulate
         | pollution levels outdoors around their house? (and possibly
         | their neighbors' too?).
         | 
         | The most important thing is: Don't use any kind of 2-stroke gas
         | engine powered appliances. Leaf blowers, bush trimmers, mowers,
         | cheap electricity generators... they aren't covered by usual
         | emission regulations and thus have barely any exhaust
         | filtering, leading to emission of _insane_ amounts of all kinds
         | of toxins. On top of that they 're all _very_ bad for the local
         | ecosystem - mowed grass tends to dry out faster, leaf blowing
         | (or removal in general) kills safe spaces for small lifeforms.
         | 
         | The next major pollutant are all sorts of furnaces and cooking
         | appliances. Be it a wood pellet, gas or oil heating system, a
         | gas stove, or the once-every-weekend BBQ... it all shows up on
         | air quality sensors. Get a heat pump for heating (there are bi-
         | directional air conditioners that can heat in the winter and
         | cool in the summer), take care to not overheat oils in pans
         | (decomposing oils are quite toxic!), and for heavens sake cut
         | back on the BBQs if you value your lungs and those of your
         | neighbours.
         | 
         | The last part is to quit smoking.
        
           | enragedcacti wrote:
           | Just to put some numbers to how bad 2-strokes are:
           | 
           | > The two-stroke leaf blower was worse still, generating 23
           | times the CO and nearly 300 times more NMHC than the crew cab
           | pickup. Let's put that in perspective. To equal the
           | hydrocarbon emissions of about a half-hour of yard work with
           | this two-stroke leaf blower, you'd have to drive a [Ford
           | F150] Raptor for 3,887 miles
           | 
           | https://www.edmunds.com/car-reviews/features/emissions-
           | test-...
        
           | stewx wrote:
           | Not mowing your lawn and stopping cooking on an outdoor grill
           | are non-starters for most people.
        
             | alistairSH wrote:
             | A few points related to lawns...
             | 
             | The stereotypical American lawn is a fairly new thing,
             | basically "created" by Scott and the rest of the fertilizer
             | industry in the 60s and 70s. Prior to this, lawns were
             | mixed plants, and not expected to be nearly 100% grass.
             | They were generally more drought tolerant and needed less
             | maintenance (both water, fertilizer, and mowing).
             | 
             | Electric mowers (battery) are sufficiently good today that
             | we really should phase out the sale of gas mowers. At least
             | for "normal" sized lawns. Mechanical push mowers are also
             | an option for small enough lawns.
             | 
             | And aside from inertia, there's no good reason that most
             | yards need to be predominantly grass lawn. I've found that,
             | at least for my small yard, hardscape, shrubs, and other
             | plants are lower maintenance (twice annual pruning, monthly
             | weeding during the grow season). I only water when I
             | add/replace plants or particularly hot/dry weeks. And I've
             | cut out all fertilizer. I've cut the amount of grass by
             | about half and will likely cut it by another half at the
             | end of this season. All my lawn tools are now battery
             | powered as well.
        
             | namdnay wrote:
             | you can mow a lawn with either an electric mower or an
             | unpowered mower, the former can be found for any surface,
             | the latter are great for surfaces up to about 100m2
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | Many Americans (and for that matter, many people in other
             | Western countries) won't have another choice. Green,
             | maintained laws aren't sustainable any more - they use too
             | much water, provide zero habitat for insects and other
             | wildlife, and mowing during times of drought is harmful for
             | the grass as well [1]. Regular BBQs aren't sustainable as
             | well, the amount of water, crops and land used for feeding
             | cattle is just way too high.
             | 
             | The problem is that there are political parties that make a
             | political platform out of green lawns and BBQs all while
             | knowing that they're deluding their voters and sending them
             | off to catastrophe.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.rhs.org.uk/lawns/drought-care
        
           | MisterTea wrote:
           | I suppose it depends on where you live but in the USA at
           | least most, if not all, mowers and generators are 4 stroke
           | engines.
           | 
           | 2-stroke are awful because they do not have oil sumps - the
           | oil is mixed into the fuel and drawn into the piston through
           | the crank case where some of the oil sticks to the moving
           | parts to lubricate them. The rest is burnt and emitted as
           | that awful blue smoke.
           | 
           | They're kinda clever as they can operate in any orientation
           | thanks to the lack of the oil sump which makes them ideal for
           | portable power tools which have to operate at a variety of
           | angles. They also have no valves so are less complex and
           | easier to maintain and have a pretty good power to weight
           | ratio. They are valued in developing nations because of this
           | so they are hard to get rid of.
        
             | alistairSH wrote:
             | New mowers and generators are mostly 4-stroke. But anything
             | smaller is probably 2-stroke. And, unless regulations have
             | tightened up in the last 10-15 years, those 4-stroke mowers
             | still don't have full emissions controls - at best they
             | might have a "dumb" catalytic convertor (but generally not
             | fuel-injected).
        
               | MisterTea wrote:
               | > New mowers and generators are mostly 4-stroke. But
               | anything smaller is probably 2-stroke.
               | 
               | New as in the last 40-50 years? Can you please give me
               | examples of recent 2 stroke mowers and generators
               | available in the USA? I haven't seen a 2 stroke generator
               | or lawnmower in all my years and I used portable
               | generators a bunch at my old job (Coleman, Generac,
               | Honda, etc). However Ive seen plenty of small 2 stroke
               | motors on hand held lawn and garden tools, chain saws,
               | boat engines and dirt bikes.
               | 
               | The only 2-stroke generator I can think of are those
               | really small antique 500W generators that I think Coleman
               | made in the 1960's or 70's?
        
           | weberer wrote:
           | >Be it a wood pellet, gas or oil heating system, a gas stove,
           | or the once-every-weekend BBQ... it all shows up on air
           | quality sensors.
           | 
           | Wood and charcoal, yes. But natural gas and propane are clean
           | burning. The difference between them are several orders of
           | magnitude.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | For heating system, you're assuming that the burner unit is
             | regularly maintained (i.e. cleaned of soot) which is a
             | pretty far stretch - most people don't do anything until
             | the unit breaks down, usually because the flame-out
             | protection sensor is so covered in soot that it can't
             | detect the presence of the flame any more.
             | 
             | For stoves, gas stoves are being banned for new
             | construction because they don't burn as cleanly as once
             | thought [1].
             | 
             | For BBQs the heat source used doesn't matter (with the
             | exception that coal units should never ever be used
             | indoors), they all emit tons of toxic and highly odorious
             | particles from all the oil and fats decomposing.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/have-a-gas-stove-
             | how-to-...
        
         | burnished wrote:
         | I like your energy, I hope you consider applying for a research
         | grant or maybe just asking Adam Savage nicely for money to
         | perform some experiments.
        
         | mesarvagya wrote:
         | > Is there anything good samaritan citizens can do locally (on
         | a standard residential lot) to improve the particulate
         | pollution levels outdoors around their house? (and possibly
         | their neighbors' too?).
         | 
         | I would say electrifying your home would be a good first step.
         | For example, we could replace following at home starting with:
         | 
         | Gas Furnace & AC -- Heat pump
         | 
         | Gas cooktop -- Electric cooktop
         | 
         | Gas Blowers, Mowers -- Electric versions of same
        
         | rascul wrote:
         | > If I made a giant/parallelized bong in my backyard
         | 
         | Can I come hang out for a bit?
        
           | cwkoss wrote:
           | As long as you help staple filters to the wall of my filter
           | shed!
        
         | TuringNYC wrote:
         | >> Is there anything good samaritan citizens can do locally (on
         | a standard residential lot) to improve the particulate
         | pollution levels outdoors around their house? (and possibly
         | their neighbors' too?).
         | 
         | This is a specific case, but in a mid-sized town where I lived,
         | they opened up a BBQ restaurant with massive outdoor grills.
         | The grills were fired up 5 times a week, evenings and
         | afternoons. While it was fun times with friends at the
         | restaurant, the entire neighborhood smelled of BBQ. Worse, you
         | could literally go on the PurpleAir US map and see the giant
         | visual of where the smoke was going.
         | 
         | I cant imagine how the property values fared for nearby homes.
         | 
         | I dont know anything about restaurant regulations, but it seems
         | that if BBQ was allowed at this scale and allowed on a daily
         | basis, there should be some sort of filtering requirement for
         | exhaust. Good samaritan citizens' strongest chance for such
         | local issues is probably voter turnout at local elections.
        
       | crystaln wrote:
       | More evidence that the VC model is broken. If every investor
       | wants to 10-100x, every company eventually needs to compromise
       | any semblance of values in order to redeem their latest
       | investors.
        
         | ImaCake wrote:
         | You don't need the pressure of VC capital to have greedy
         | business owners try to do vendor lock-in.
        
           | crystaln wrote:
           | No you don't. However the VC model will prevent less greedy
           | business owners from not doing vendor lock-in.
        
       | rightbyte wrote:
       | Isn't this just an example of "Internet of Shit" gadgets? On the
       | venue subscription based cat feeder.
       | 
       | Like, the gadget could just as well run a web server accessable
       | on the wifi or maybe Bluetooth.
        
         | ImaCake wrote:
         | >the gadget could just as well run a web server accessable on
         | the wifi
         | 
         | Yes. Consumers with IoT devices know this too - my LIFX bulbs
         | use this trick basically seamlessly. There is vendor lock-in
         | with the LIFX app but you can also use it through home
         | assistant etc.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | kimi wrote:
       | This one is an EU-sponsored open-source platform:
       | https://airsenseur.org/website/
        
       | bumby wrote:
       | What the article laments seems to be the same business model that
       | building automation systems have been operating under for decades
       | and not specific to air quality. The commercial version usually
       | has the additional downside of very expensive service contracts.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | crazygringo wrote:
       | So who is the "one of the largest air quality monitoring
       | manufacturer in the world" they are referring to but not by name?
       | 
       | Awair seems to be the best-known consumer brand (?). I use an
       | Awair Element which works great and has no subscription fee for
       | the associated app or local API functionality, so it doesn't seem
       | like it could be them?
        
         | psyklic wrote:
         | This post suggests that Awair might not retain the data >1
         | year:
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/Awair/comments/ys14fk/awair_just_ch...
         | 
         | My biggest complaint with Awair is they only let you download
         | the last month of data easily from the app. That said, they are
         | hacker-friendly otherwise -- for example they offer a local
         | API!
        
         | wingworks wrote:
         | Awair recently discontinued support (turned off the servers)
         | for there v1 customers, so anyone who had a v1 device now has a
         | paper weight...
         | 
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/Awair/comments/y7i5ku/awair_discont...
        
           | rev_d wrote:
           | Shortly afterwards, they rolled out a local non-cloud API for
           | any non v1 devices.
           | 
           | Unfortunate that older devices didn't get it, but at least
           | they're following future-proof best practices going forward.
        
         | roseway4 wrote:
         | PurpleAir?
        
         | wheelie_boy wrote:
         | I would have thought that purpleair was the best-known consumer
         | brand. It looks like this May they introduced API pricing? But
         | honestly, it still seems very reasonable
         | 
         | https://community.purpleair.com/t/api-pricing/
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | benwr wrote:
         | Maybe IQAir? They do have paid plans, it looks like.
        
           | jrockway wrote:
           | I have an IQAir monitor, but their whole system seems like a
           | PurpleAir copycat. Right now, most of the data on their maps
           | comes from PurpleAir sensors, and it's likely that it's
           | PurpleAir that doesn't care for that.
           | 
           | That said, IQAir is kind of crazy to me. They launched a new
           | dashboard which has a "view as TV dashboard" button, but
           | doesn't let you click it unless you upgrade your plan. The
           | local data access situation is also unclear to me; I bought
           | the sensor after reading that it has a Samba server, but it
           | requires the indoor monitor to display the password to you. I
           | opened a support case to get the password for local analysis,
           | but am beginning to feel like they're not going to give it to
           | me. (Who wouldn't want an indoor air quality monitor? Well I
           | already have one. I've cared about indoor air quality
           | forever, but after wondering for two days why the sky was a
           | weird shade of yellow, I wanted to keep an eye on outdoor air
           | quality as well.)
           | 
           | In that case, it will be UART time. It's definitely Linux
           | running an out-of-date unpatched Samba. Won't be at all
           | difficult to get my data, I'm guessing. The question is...
           | why do they think there's money in a cloud service that shows
           | you dashboards of your own data? They should be bending over
           | backwards to accommodate anyone that wants to contribute to
           | their public site; they are way behind PurpleAir there.
           | 
           | TL;DR I'm certain that PurpleAir is the unnamed company in
           | this article. IQAir is too new to be relevant in the space.
        
             | tedeh wrote:
             | This comment saved me from just ordering a IQAir outdoor
             | monitor. Great timing. I'd like an outdoor unit that
             | supports PoE (which the IQAir monitor has) because I'm
             | definitely not going around replacing batteries all the
             | time, but that seems hard to come by, so I might have to
             | give up my attempts at measuring air pollution from the
             | side of my house.
        
               | jrockway wrote:
               | Yeah. Send me an email if you want the outcome of my
               | support ticket or attempts to hack the device.
               | 
               | Ignoring the software, the device itself is great. Two
               | sensors compare their outputs to figure out if it's valid
               | or not, and the case seems quite protective from the
               | elements (and easily mounted to my weather station pole).
               | I didn't need POE, I have AC out there, but overall it's
               | a good way of supplying power to something like this.
        
         | pridkett wrote:
         | They may be referring to the changes to PurpleAir API [0] that
         | introduces paid requests that you can rip through quickly when
         | doing large scale analysis.
         | 
         | In the United States, AirNow.gov includes most PurpleAir
         | sensors, although they are annotated differently than "higher
         | quality" sensors (I was going to say than government sensors,
         | but here in Connecticut, the state has a number of PurpleAir
         | monitors deployed and rapidly deployed more when stuff got bad
         | due to Canadian wildfires a few weeks ago).
         | 
         | Fortunately, for local users, you can hit your own sensor and
         | grab the data however often you want. I even wrote a tool to
         | help out and drop it into influxdb and post it to MQTT[1]. They
         | still support local fetching of data. However, many default
         | integrations from tools like Home Assistant could be affected
         | as they use the cloud integration.
         | 
         | [0] https://community.purpleair.com/t/api-pricing/4523
         | 
         | [1] https://github.com/pridkett/purpleair2mqtt
        
           | modeless wrote:
           | Wow, I hadn't seen PurpleAir's new pricing. I made
           | https://aqi.today years ago when the API was free and now it
           | seems like its API usage will cost over $100 per day. But
           | they haven't even notified me about this yet. Strange.
        
       | ndom91 wrote:
       | Funny this popped up on HN. I just went down this rabbit hole a
       | week or two ago and settled on a Nettigo DIY kit. You solder a
       | few of these sensors together, flash an opensource firmware on
       | the Wemos D1 running the thing and you're good to go. Works out
       | of the box with Homeassistant as well. Looks very similar to this
       | airgradient one.
       | 
       | The unit I got has a heating element to combat condensation and
       | the like for outdoor use, humidity and temp sensors, air
       | pressure, and PM2.5 + PM10
       | 
       | https://nettigo.eu/products/nettigo-air-monitor-0-3-base-kit
        
       | hettygreen wrote:
       | I live in an area where there is no air quality monitoring
       | stations nearby, and was thinking about setting up my own little
       | station to contribute the data.
       | 
       | I mostly look at aqicn.org and wondering if the airgradient kits
       | can share data with that website?
       | 
       | I think I need someone to explain to me how some of these open
       | source air quality monitors share their data and what websites
       | can use the data.
        
         | ahaucnx wrote:
         | We are currently integrating our data with openAQ [1] and then
         | people can opt in to share data with openAQ and many map
         | applications use that data.
         | 
         | [1] https://openaq.org/
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | I managed to find some cheap <20 SDC41 sensors on aliexpress
       | (they're normally closer to 50).
       | 
       | True co2, not equivalent like say the bme680. Previously used
       | equivalent ones and the data is tangibly better. Highly
       | recommend.
       | 
       | Can't figure out a good way to do pm2.5 without a whiny fan
       | though. The unit I've got has a barely audible high pitched whine
        
         | acidburnNSA wrote:
         | My home brew weather/air quality station is seemingly totally
         | silent, though the PM sensor does have a fan. I've never heard
         | it.
         | 
         | https://partofthething.com/thoughts/weather-and-air-quality-...
        
           | djmips wrote:
           | off topic - did you get your geiger counter wired in?
        
             | acidburnNSA wrote:
             | Not really. I did do enough work to be able to read count
             | rate from a ESP8266 [1] but never actually installed it in
             | the weather station. Since then, I got a scintillator
             | detector [2] with a USB soundcard interface which would be
             | way better for a weather station since it could actually
             | identify isotopes in addition to count rate. So you could
             | get alerts like "oh dang, I-131 detected in the air, take
             | shelter."
             | 
             | [1] https://partofthething.com/thoughts/making-true-random-
             | numbe...
             | 
             | [2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AxXnUXrditI
        
         | breput wrote:
         | I have built CO2 monitors using MH-Z19B, Senseair S8 (same
         | detector used in the AirGradient kits), and the SDC41 modules
         | and my favorite is the S8. It seems equally accurate to the
         | SDC41 and is easier to keep calibrated.
         | 
         | It also has a pin that is enabled when the CO2 level exceeds
         | 1000 ppm so you can build a useful monitor using nothing more
         | than an LED and an old USB power adapter.
        
           | ahaucnx wrote:
           | Yes I agree. The SenseAir S8 is probably the best of the
           | three. The SCD41 gives similar values indoors but at lower
           | concentrations outdoors it seems to become less accurate. The
           | MH-Z-19 is also pretty good but I think the S8 has a better
           | built quality and less noise in the measurements.
        
         | currio wrote:
         | Can you post links here. I bought one in AliExpress and the
         | readings were highly variable when there was no change in
         | quality (as far as I can tell. Outdoor weather hasn't changed.
         | I didn't cook, etc..)
        
       | djbusby wrote:
       | This was the coolest one on Pi I saw http://airpi.es/
       | 
       | Had a cool hw kit but sadly not anymore. All the specs are
       | published so clones are trivial.
        
         | throwoutway wrote:
         | Looks like the APIs are down too. Clicked several and they are
         | all responding with:
         | 
         | > Fatal error: Uncaught Error: Undefined constant "php" in
         | /home/public/feed.php:1 Stack trace: #0 {main} thrown in
         | /home/public/feed.php on line 1
        
       | vba wrote:
       | Air quality is something I've been thinking about more and more.
       | I'm currently mostly in Bangkok and now I check the air quality
       | (aqair) before I exercise outdoors, and often end up skipping.
       | Though I haven't looked into it deeply, I'd love to see some
       | trustworthy conclusions about how I'm affecting my future health
       | by living in Bangkok. I've really come to miss the Pacific
       | Northwest partly because of the clean air (except, of course,
       | during the wildfire seasons)
       | 
       | I'm building a house in Bangkok and up in Chiang Mai of all
       | places (see the company is from there) and was thinking of adding
       | some air quality sensors there so will definitely check
       | airgradient's out.
       | 
       | If I may ask Achim, do you manufacture in Thailand? What kind of
       | scale you at? No promises, but I have access to some decent sized
       | factories and given your mission, there might be something we can
       | help with.
        
       | mikeytown2 wrote:
       | Is there a way to get air quality via an api in the US that
       | doesn't require api keys? weather.gov is one example of what I'm
       | sorta looking for. I have a shell script [1] that gets weather
       | and solar radiation from free and open APIs. Adding in some sort
       | of air quality index would be great.
       | 
       | [1] https://github.com/mikecarper/bondhome/blob/main/weather.sh
        
         | joecool1029 wrote:
         | Maybe https://open-meteo.com/en/docs/air-quality-api
        
           | mikeytown2 wrote:
           | Thanks for sharing that! I think it'll work
        
       | NotYourLawyer wrote:
       | These don't need to be cloud services. Don't connect shit to the
       | internet, and then the manufacturer can't disable it.
        
         | lumiukko wrote:
         | Or use open solutions that you can connect to any service on
         | the internet you want, even your own. As my citizen science
         | example somewhere.
        
       | lumiukko wrote:
       | It seems this wasn't mentioned before, but in Germany some
       | communal open data labs created instructions on how to build an
       | air quality sensor setup and a corresponding map visualizing the
       | results (all over the world by now).
       | 
       | https://sensor.community/en/
       | 
       | Original page (only in German?) https://luftdaten.info/
       | 
       | Map: http://deutschland.maps.sensor.community/
        
       | ahaucnx wrote:
       | Achim from AirGradient here. Nice to see my blog post getting
       | some attention.
       | 
       | I think the underlying picture here really is that I and my co-
       | founder are both heavily affected by air pollution in Northern
       | Thailand and are seeing how it affects the health of thousands of
       | people.
       | 
       | We believe strongly that air quality monitoring should be
       | affordable so that people from poorer regions and countries can
       | afford air quality monitoring and thus protect their health by
       | knowing when the air quality turns bad. This is one of the
       | reasons why we open-sourced our air quality designs [1] and are
       | working with many NGOs and Universities to bring accurate low-
       | cost air quality monitoring to underserved communities around the
       | world.
       | 
       | Since we are a self-funded company we do not have pressure to
       | maximize profit but can work under the mantra "Impact first (and
       | profit will follow if we do a good job)."
       | 
       | By the way, if you work in air quality research, we are currently
       | running a global co-location test program and are interested in
       | additional partners [2].
       | 
       | [1] https://www.airgradient.com/kits/
       | 
       | [2] https://www.airgradient.com/research/
        
         | kodah wrote:
         | Do you have any plans to do Radon monitoring? I currently use
         | AirThings Wave+ because of a radon monitoring requirement.
        
           | ahaucnx wrote:
           | We are not aware of any suitable radon module on the market
           | that we could easily integrate. I think airthings use their
           | own developed module.
        
         | artemonster wrote:
         | Is it hard to skip MCU and output to raspberry?
        
         | RegnisGnaw wrote:
         | Interesting none of the kits from AirGradient seem to do PM0.3,
         | which is the big thing I want (due to smoke).
        
           | standard_man wrote:
           | [dead]
        
         | lwouis wrote:
         | Hello,
         | 
         | Thank you for sharing this.
         | 
         | I'm genuinely wondering how our nose is not a good enough
         | sensor. Are there common cases that affect large areas like the
         | one you live in, where the pollution is not smellable?
         | 
         | Thank you
        
           | olyjohn wrote:
           | I never could smell the pollution in Bangkok. I don't think
           | people in LA could smell the smog. Certainly when we had
           | wildfire smoke here near Seattle a couple years ago, I could
           | not always smell it. Sometimes when it was heavy, you could
           | smell smoke right when you went outside, but not always...
           | and your nose gets used to it really quickly. But like, that
           | was pollution you could see, the skies were dark and orange.
           | Not really typical pollution levels that people live in every
           | day.
        
           | gbajson wrote:
           | In my area in the winter you _always_ sense air pollution.
           | 
           | But with just a nose it's hard to say if it's 100 mg/m3 of or
           | 200 mg/m3 of PM2.5.
        
         | supermatt wrote:
         | Just want to say - I received mine yesterday. I was expecting
         | it to be held up in customs but it arrived with no hassle
         | whatsoever via the postal service.
         | 
         | I got the presoldered version, kind of expecting it to be 100%
         | assembled, but it was even better that I had to to "plug" the
         | sensors and microcontroller in! It made me feel like I had
         | achieved something myself, and gave an appreciation of how it
         | works :)
         | 
         | The quality of the product looks excellent - inside and out.
         | Although maybe some snap-in transparent plastic in front of the
         | display would protect it from accidental damage? Not that there
         | is any reason to ever touch it, so I guess its not really that
         | important. It certainly doesnt detract from the overall build
         | quality.
         | 
         | A minor niggle on adding the sensor to the online app - i
         | didn't get any feedback that it had added, and when i tried a
         | second time it told me that it was already added. Also, I cant
         | see a way to add/edit places other than creating the one during
         | setup. Probably a few other minor UX niggles I can send an
         | email if desired? But overall it looks great!
         | 
         | I am very interested to see how the air quality changes during
         | the next kiln firings. Thanks!
        
           | ahaucnx wrote:
           | Thanks for the feedback. We are working on making the
           | onboarding easier and also improve the UI in general. Please
           | get in touch with us if you have more feedback (you can use
           | the support form on our website).
        
         | xctr94 wrote:
         | Looks like a great concept! I found the price relatively high
         | compared to other solutions on the market, aren't you concerned
         | that you're touting "affordability" as a selling point?
        
           | ahaucnx wrote:
           | Comparable products are typically 3x or more the price. A lot
           | of costs are not BOM related, e.g. costs for tooling (e.g.
           | plastic mold), certifications, testing & calibration etc.
        
           | yardie wrote:
           | What AQMs are you finding for <$100?
        
           | ra wrote:
           | Sub $100 USD is a pretty good price. What comparable products
           | have you seen for less?
        
         | throwoutway wrote:
         | This looks really cool! Could you confirm one thing though,
         | which I can't find on your site after ~5 minutes of searching?
         | Do your PM2.5 sensors truly measure PM2.5 or is it doing an
         | approximation based on factors (many sensors supposedly do
         | this).
         | 
         | If it's the former, it might be useful to make that more clear
         | on your site as I could not confirm it.
        
           | jauer wrote:
           | Their website mentions the sensor they use directly on the
           | kits page. It's a Plantower PMS5003 which does actually count
           | particles: https://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/aq-
           | spec/resources-p...
        
             | dhhagan wrote:
             | While the spec sheet does say that, it's not actually true.
             | The PMS5003 is a truncated nephelometer
             | (https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/15/655/2022/) that
             | measures the total scattered light from all particles with
             | diameters less than ~1 um. This single scalar value
             | (proportional to the total scattered light, as collected
             | across a wide viewing range) is then correlated to a
             | reference measurement of PM2.5 and typically correlates
             | quite well in most urban areas where PM2.5 and PM1 are
             | highly correlated. For more info on the difference between
             | particle counters and nephelometers in this context, see
             | https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/13/6343/2020/.
        
           | honk wrote:
           | Relevant disclaimer: I work for QuantAQ, another distributed
           | Air Quality Monitoring company, my opinions are my own.
           | 
           | With proper calibration, the PMS5003 sensor AirGradient uses
           | is a real and fairly good measurement of PM1 (<1 micron),
           | which is often fairly correlated with (and makes up much of)
           | PM2.5. However, the sensor cannot really see particles larger
           | than 1 micron, which sometimes matters for PM2.5 (when the
           | PM1:PM2.5 ratio changes, like wildfires), and very much
           | matters for PM10. That's why QuantAQ uses a PMS5003 combined
           | with a different sensing technology (an optical particle
           | counter) to actually measure PM2.5 and PM10, not just
           | extrapolate from a PM1 measurement.
           | 
           | We have a blog post here explaining more: https://blog.quant-
           | aq.com/can-your-plantower-pms5003-based-a...
           | 
           | I love the work that AirGradient is doing making AQ sensing
           | technology open and accessible, especially to hardware
           | hackers. The BOM cost of the OPC sensor we use alongside the
           | PMS5003 is more than the cost of the entire AirGradient kit,
           | so it is valuable to have options in the market depending on
           | application.
        
             | geerlingguy wrote:
             | Excellent overview; I think the space for air monitoring is
             | only going to grow as time goes on, especially after COVID
             | and with increased awareness of the downsides of airborne
             | particulates and high CO2 exposure.
        
               | alias_neo wrote:
               | I've been setting up PM sensors in my home since
               | installing a log-burning stove last winter; I've found a
               | couple of interesting things thus far; Notably, despite
               | the FUD, air quality _in_ my home isn't affected by it.
               | 
               | What does affect air quality in my home massively, are
               | the people parking their vehicles surrounding my home
               | morning and afternoon as they drop off and pick up their
               | children from the nearby school. I see a 10x ambient
               | measure at these times. I was starting to think about how
               | I could use BLE monitoring to track this somehow (the
               | other thing my home is surrounded with at these times is
               | devices broadcasting Bluetooth "beacons"(?)); could be an
               | interesting experiment.
               | 
               | The next step for me is really knowing what and how
               | something can be done about the pollution (generally
               | speaking); Monitoring is great, but what's the next step?
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | "Monitoring is great, but what's the next step?"
               | 
               | Short term: install air filters
               | 
               | Long term: banning ICE cars
        
               | electriclove wrote:
               | Long term: move to a different home
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Longer term: move to a different planet.
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | Well, I did. But not everyone can. And long term it would
               | be nice, if the cities would have breathable air again.
               | 
               | Also where there is good air, there ain't so many people.
        
             | ahaucnx wrote:
             | Thank you for sharing this. Are you using the AlphaSense
             | OPC?
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | I'm just going to take a minute to be happy to see this
               | friendly exchange of information in public between two
               | people who are both knowledgeable about the subject and
               | competitors.
        
             | PantaloonFlames wrote:
             | How much would it cost me to install a modulair-PM on my
             | rooftop, assuming I did the work? I'm just an individual, i
             | just want transparent information. I don't want to "contact
             | sales" as it says on the link from that blog post.
        
               | honk wrote:
               | Thanks for the interest! We have transparent pricing
               | here: https://quant-aq.com/pricing
               | 
               | Short answer, $1500 + $300 annually (includes cellular,
               | realtime data calibration in our cloud, and full API
               | access).
               | 
               | Relevant to the topic above, we are building for a
               | slightly different market than AirGradient, and want to
               | make sure we're an appropriate solution for potential
               | customers -- you might genuinely be better served by a
               | different product! As such, we're currently not optimized
               | for low touch single sales to individuals, but it's
               | something we'd like to improve in the future.
               | 
               | If you do contact sales, and we end up being a good fit
               | for what you're looking for, we'd love to help!
        
               | pbronez wrote:
               | I'd be interested in a prosumer version of this that
               | ditches the LTE and cloud system for wall power + WiFi or
               | (ideally) PoE with a fully local backend via home
               | assistant
        
               | ahaucnx wrote:
               | I am curious, how do you do real-time calibration in the
               | cloud?
        
               | getwiththeprog wrote:
               | You could buy a Bosch BME680 or similar for $20 and add
               | it to a Pi or Arduino.
               | 
               | A commercial model is around $200.
               | 
               | There are a lot of options so decide if you want to build
               | it or buy it and plug it in!
               | 
               | Then you can list your data on a site like
               | https://explore.openaq.org/
        
               | throwaway2037 wrote:
               | Very impressive. I looked up that Bosch device:
               | https://www.bosch-sensortec.com/products/environmental-
               | senso...
               | 
               | Then, I found a board from Adafruit. The chip is so tiny
               | in the Adafruit photo!
               | 
               | https://www.adafruit.com/product/3660
        
               | tlavoie wrote:
               | The BME 680 does temperature, humidity, barometric
               | pressure, and VOC gas sensing. Maybe there's something
               | reasonably-priced that does particulates, but this
               | doesn't seem to be it. What's a good alternative?
        
               | Eisenstein wrote:
               | https://www.adafruit.com/product/4632
        
               | tlavoie wrote:
               | That looks awesome, thanks! I already have some ESP32
               | devices acting as weather sensors that log to a Raspberry
               | Pi over MQTT. I might have to add this too.
        
             | cloudripper wrote:
             | I'm a big fan of QuantAQ. Speaking from a PM10 perspective,
             | your monitors perform on-par with high-cost regulatory
             | monitors in a much smaller package and far lower cost. I
             | also love the open API. That said, I would love to see a
             | locally-hosted variety for environments where LTE/cloud is
             | not accessible/preferred.
        
           | ahaucnx wrote:
           | We use the Plantower PMS5003 sensor for PM2.5. This sensor
           | has been extensively tested and is one of the most accurate
           | low cost sensors.
           | 
           | All low cost sensors are using the laser scattering technique
           | and thus do approximate the mass and not a direct
           | measurement.
           | 
           | However tests show that PM2.5 is the most accurate and often
           | PM10 in these sensors is not very good.
        
         | gcanyon wrote:
         | Congrats on doing important work!
         | 
         | I grew up in Southern California back when it was hard to see
         | the mountains ten miles away on bad days.
         | 
         | I lived in Bangkok for two years. At the worst of the year I
         | still wandered around maskless, thinking "feels like my
         | childhood!" So for me it really didn't seem that bad, but I'm
         | glad people are taking it more seriously now.
        
         | hosteur wrote:
         | Hello. I would love to buy your products. However, I am stopped
         | by the fact that I have to enter email and agree to terms
         | before I can even see shipping options and costs. Please
         | consider making the shopping process easier and more pleasant.
         | 
         | I am in EU and concerned that it might not be feasible for me
         | to order your products due to high import fees, tax, customs,
         | VAT, etc. that I would probably need to handle myself. Do you
         | plan on establishing a dealer in EU or a shipping site in EU
         | such that items can be shipped from within EU without customers
         | having to deal with the customs, tax, etc?
        
           | ahaucnx wrote:
           | Currently we ship all kits from Thailand but setting up some
           | fulfillment in the US and EU could be something we might do
           | in future. Currently most customers do not get charged
           | customs and VAT.
        
             | louison11 wrote:
             | Please do! Maybe Amazon is the easiest way to do so? On top
             | of reducing delays, you'd reduce uncertainty. Here in
             | Portugal, the problem isn't really custom fees - but
             | customs completely blocking/losing/returning the product.
             | Really hard to get packages from abroad to get through our
             | super incompetent custom services. But that's not a problem
             | if it comes from within EU.
        
               | lokar wrote:
               | You want counterfeits? Selling/buying on Amazon is a good
               | way to get them.
        
               | BizarroLand wrote:
               | Amazon is terrible for small companies. Sure, it boosts
               | your income and customer reach, but that's just the
               | cheese to get you in the trap.
               | 
               | After you are locked into their ecosystem, they prevent
               | you from selling for less elsewhere, even on your own
               | site, they coerce you into paying them ad fees to boost
               | your listing in their search results, and if you don't
               | pay them enough they will put your competitors above you
               | and redirect searches that are specifically for your
               | product to other similar items.
               | 
               | Then, if despite all of that you do well, they will find
               | some company in China to make an "Amazon Basics" version
               | of whatever it is that you're selling and then undercut
               | you on price and boost their listings above yours.
               | 
               | You might even say that this is a win for consumers since
               | they get fast cheap access to products, but the product
               | quality is always a race to the bottom and because this
               | happens so often it results in the death of product
               | innovation from good companies because they have to spend
               | so much brainpower and energy keeping the Amazon machine
               | happy while it consumes them.
               | 
               | Ebay is a little better, but that is also rapidly
               | enshittifying as well.
        
               | hombre_fatal wrote:
               | Even if all that's true, Amazon let's me buy things
               | knowing when I'll receive it and with the confidence that
               | I can return it (and always for cash) without jumping
               | through hoops.
               | 
               | That makes it better than buying from indie sites just
               | about every time.
        
               | BizarroLand wrote:
               | I've heard that you should vote with your wallet for what
               | is important to you.
               | 
               | Whatever Amazon has to offer is not worth what it costs
               | to me, so I vote in other ways by shopping elsewhere, and
               | should I have something to sell I will use other means to
               | sell it.
        
           | balfirevic wrote:
           | > I am in EU and concerned that it might not be feasible for
           | me to order your products due to high import fees, tax,
           | customs, VAT
           | 
           | EU dealer would have to pay the same import fees and VAT. It
           | would be less of a hassle, but probably not cheaper.
        
             | hosteur wrote:
             | > EU dealer would have to pay the same import fees and VAT.
             | It would be less of a hassle, but probably not cheaper.
             | 
             | In my country (and I guess many other EU countries -
             | although it varies from country do country), it is a huge
             | hassle and expensive too. And if you make any mistakes in
             | the red tape you get hit with all sorts of ridiculous fees.
             | Also, the package is usually delayed in customs for weeks
             | or months. Whereas packages shipped from within EU
             | typically arrives within next business day of them arriving
             | in the destination country.
             | 
             | So avoiding the hassle is well worth it in order to get to
             | the EU market.
             | 
             | Also, it may actually be cheaper. In my country, the local
             | post office adds a "handling fee" of 30 EUR just for the
             | service of informing you that you need to pay customs, VAT,
             | etc. on the item. At least this is 30 EUR that can be saved
             | on each item.
        
         | tda wrote:
         | On a side note, I recently upgraded my airgradient-pro to and
         | esp32 s3 based board (forgot which one but it is pin compatible
         | with the esp8266 it came with).
         | 
         | I got everything to work with ESPHome, except for the BSEC
         | version of the BME680 driver (I added a BME60 because I had one
         | lying around. It worked fine with BSEC and ESPHOME on the
         | ESP8266). I was thinking of sharing my experience, but I never
         | got to it
        
           | pbronez wrote:
           | What benefit does the esp32 provide over the esp8266?
        
             | tda wrote:
             | I wanted to show some simple graphs on the display, but
             | this quickly became too much for the esp8266
        
         | cloudripper wrote:
         | Thank you for sharing more about AirGradient and its origins. I
         | appreciate the impact-driven mission. I will checkout the
         | details of your co-location program and may have a few sites
         | that would be a good fit.
        
           | ahaucnx wrote:
           | Great! Please get in touch with us via the support form on
           | our website if it is a fit.
        
         | MegaThorx wrote:
         | Thanks for the awesome DIY version of the air quality
         | monitoring solution. Due to this nice guide I already built 3
         | of the basic sensors and I just purchased one pro to support
         | your cause.
        
           | ahaucnx wrote:
           | Thank you!
        
         | stinos wrote:
         | Just wondering, do you have any comments on
         | https://smartairfilters.com/en ? The premise is a bit similar
         | as yours.
        
         | itronitron wrote:
         | I agree with the mission of your company and hope you find
         | success, however after reading your website's Privacy Policy
         | regarding the sharing of personal information I don't expect to
         | ever revisit your site.
        
           | charcircuit wrote:
           | I don't see anything unusual there just google analytics and
           | that they comply with law enforcement.
        
             | itronitron wrote:
             | The site doesn't provide an option to opt out of
             | advertising/marketing cookies.
        
               | ahaucnx wrote:
               | We currently don't do any paid advertising at all. But
               | good point, we will look into this and it's definitely
               | something we can improve.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | kingsloi wrote:
       | I run a lil air quality sensor in the Miller neighbourhood of
       | Gary, IN. I started off with a PurpleAir II, then higher tech
       | monitor from AQMesh for a few months, and now I operate another
       | higher tech monitor from a local company in Valparaiso, IN called
       | Sensit Technologies, which they generously donated.
       | 
       | I also operate a AIS boat tracker from FleetMon. I did track
       | aircraft flying to/from ORD/MDW/GYY, and also the local train
       | operator SouthShore line have an open API (I wish the other
       | tracks, Norfolk Southern, would have an API!)
       | 
       | I built a crappy lil frontend/api using Express and do plan to
       | continue to work on it and track more stuff, hopefully more
       | people with use it. Hopefully it convinces some more citizen
       | scientists to run their own (bring your own cloud & hardware)
       | 
       | https://millerbeach.community
       | 
       | It's actually had a lot of visits recently due the the BP oil
       | refinery leaking SO2 after a recent storm [1], and now the
       | Canadian wildfires bringing that PM our way, our air quality is
       | the worst it's been since I've started to track it.
       | 
       | I was hoping to figure out how to turn the years of data into an
       | infographic, or use AI to digest the data and generate a bunch of
       | useful data points/stats. If anyone knows of an easy way, rather
       | than creating the queries by hand!
       | 
       | https://github.com/kingsloi/community-airmonitor
       | 
       | [1] https://abc7chicago.com/sulfur-smell-indiana-bp-refinery-
       | whi...
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | symlinkk wrote:
         | Holy shit dude you live in Gary? Isn't that one of the most
         | violent cities in the country, with a ton of abandoned
         | buildings?
        
           | kingsloi wrote:
           | Beauty is in the eye of the beholder! Gary is home to some
           | beautiful flora and fauna, we have miles and miles of
           | beautiful Lake Michigan shoreline, the 61st National Park.
           | I'm at 990~ miles of biking in/around Gary and I've took some
           | really beautiful photos, which I'm hoping to compile into
           | something like blog post "1000 miles in/around Gary" or
           | something.
           | 
           | Everything else is just like everywhere else. Poverty.
        
         | throwaway24124 wrote:
         | This is an awesome project, I would love to do something
         | similar for my community. Great UX design too. FYI, the trends
         | and weather modals aren't loading data (possibly because of the
         | darksky.net API cutoff?)
        
           | kingsloi wrote:
           | Hey I appreciate that, just been tinkering with it as I added
           | more to it... it's came a long way from when I ran a simple
           | PurpleAirII!
           | 
           | Yeah I'm working on the Darksky replacement, but the trends
           | issues is because of another hidden cost of air quality
           | monitoring: lots of data! My mongo queries aren't the most
           | efficient and for the past week or two I must have topped a
           | Mongo/RAM issue and my DO box is running into memory issues.
           | I'll hopefully get that fixed soon! Especially now, it's a
           | cool lil feature as you can see around what day/time we first
           | started to get hit with the CA wildfire smoke.
           | 
           | Feel free to pull it and add to it as you want! You could
           | probably just use a PurpleAirII monitor near you and use that
           | as for your AQI until you get something else, and disable all
           | the other stuff (boats, advisories, etc), and keep traffic,
           | planes, air quality. That's kinda how I've been doing it
           | anyway.
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | There needs to be open-source air quality monitoring in every
       | public K-12 nationwide in the USA and the data should be
       | available in realtime to everyone.
       | 
       | Kind of like this but way way way more sensors and data
       | 
       | https://www.purpleair.com/map?opt=1
       | 
       | Feds need to fund this pronto.
        
       | m463 wrote:
       | > The Questions You Should Ask
       | 
       | Very carefully chosen questions that tiptoe around the elephant
       | in the room
       | 
       | "Does my data stay local, and do I opt-IN to sending it to your
       | servers?"
        
         | autoexec wrote:
         | My rule is: "Never buy hardware that requires an app or the
         | cloud in order to be functional"
         | 
         | I'm sure someone somewhere has some weird specific case which
         | requires an exception to that rule, but I sure don't.
        
         | ShakataGaNai wrote:
         | On the kits page it says
         | 
         | >24 months AirGradient data platform (or connect it to your own
         | server, e.g. home assistant)
         | 
         | and
         | 
         | >Fully open-source code so you can easily make adjustments
         | 
         | So clearly you do have the option.
        
       | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
       | I dont need oled display, data platform or any kind of
       | connectivity. How much such stripped down version would cost?
        
         | ahaucnx wrote:
         | Without display and any kind of connectivity, how do you know
         | the air quality data then?
        
           | cuu508 wrote:
           | I think parent means they do not need _OLED_ display. There
           | are cheaper display types.
        
             | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
             | yes. any cheap low power usage display would do.
        
       | hsjqllzlfkf wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | deadonarrival wrote:
         | capitalism is functioning as designed
        
           | vba616 wrote:
           | Why don't you go harass capitalism instead of people?
           | 
           | I question whether a constant barrage of "everything is bad,
           | and you should feel bad about it" is really that profitable
           | or if there is some other reason for it.
           | 
           | I used to think, well, this is the world adtech has built, I
           | blame GOOG, but I'm not so sure any more. Aren't people
           | getting desensitized?
        
             | autoexec wrote:
             | Why are you upset that people keep reminding you about how
             | bad things are instead of being upset that things are bad?
             | If you're sick of hearing about it, why do you think it's
             | the people who point out the badness who are the real
             | problem that needs solving?
             | 
             | The entire article here is about how companies are screwing
             | over users who were conned into buying bad products. I'm
             | not blaming the person who wrote the article tho. In fact,
             | I hope there are more articles about this problem so that
             | people can learn about this problem and take steps to
             | improve their situation. In this case, they might do that
             | by refusing to buy things like air quality sensors that
             | require apps and cloud services. I'm grateful that people
             | are pointing out the problems and failures around me, not
             | because I want to "feel bad" but because I want to be
             | "informed and aware and inspired to look for solutions"
        
               | vba616 wrote:
               | If you care about anything, you work on it and you
               | develop knowledge and positive emotions so you can
               | recruit others.
        
       | sacnoradhq wrote:
       | Plantower PMSnnnn modules are pretty damn cheap, easy-to-use, and
       | have had the same interfaces for decade+. The issue is that end
       | consumers downstream aren't demanding cloudless/optional and FOSS
       | solutions, and so are buying their own latent footguns and
       | landmines. This seems a perfect area in r2r, privacy, and fair
       | play for regulators to insist on stable consumer interfaces,
       | documented formats, circuit schematics, and repair parts
       | available to all to level the playing field and reduce e-waste.
        
         | andsoitis wrote:
         | > consumers downstream aren't demanding cloudless/optional and
         | FOSS solutions
         | 
         | Are we surprised?
        
       | purpleidea wrote:
       | If it's not PoE, I'm really not interested. Nice idea though. I'd
       | love something with an open, local API, that looks as nice as the
       | awair products, but not cheaper and PoE!
        
         | throw9away6 wrote:
         | Poe would really be a nice touch but I don't think the
         | microcontroller is setup for that. You would need a different
         | microcontroller
        
       | FloatArtifact wrote:
       | It's a shame you can't buy there pro circuit board. It's
       | temperature monitoring is more accurate to the replacement of the
       | sensor.
        
         | ahaucnx wrote:
         | Achim from AirGradient. Please contact our support. We will
         | make it available soon.
        
       | tivert wrote:
       | It's not capitalism if someone's not trying to suck you dry.
        
       | milofeynman wrote:
       | I've been thinking about getting one of these kits for a long
       | time. I was going to buy a kit but they're not on Shopify and I'm
       | in a hurry. I'll buy one tomorrow.
        
       | hillacious wrote:
       | Does anybody know of something similar but for water quality
       | monitoring?
        
       | moneywoes wrote:
       | Good example of content marketing
        
       | KennyBlanken wrote:
       | This reminds me of how Strava encourages users to tick the "share
       | my data with city transportation planners" box and make it sound
       | to users like they're awesome dudes who share this data to be
       | great citizens helping out The Cause for alternative
       | transportation.
       | 
       | ...and then I talked to an urban planner who told me that:
       | 
       | * Strava's data was worthless to them, mostly because the vast
       | majority of transportation riders do not even remotely care about
       | mapping their transportation riding so there isn't much data and
       | it has a huge skew toward the riding habits of white, wealthy,
       | tech bros and social media gals. The kind of people who are
       | already well-represented at community meetings, emailed surveys,
       | and traffic counts centered around 9-5 commuters. It's the
       | "invisible" commuters - migrant, blue collar, service industry -
       | especially shift workers - who are difficult to try and
       | find/count. They can't afford to show up to 4pm city hearings,
       | may not speak english, or it simply never occurs to them to look
       | for any of this and bike advocacy orgs have historically done a
       | terrible job of outreach (many are aware of this and have been
       | trying to work on it, or at least try to account for the bias.)
       | 
       | * The data isn't provided free of charge, and in fact its
       | provided at prohibitively expensive rates compared to other data
       | sources, even for a relatively small city. I don't remember the
       | exact figures, but I believe for a east coast small city it was
       | "approaching a mile of bike lane" costs, ie tens of thousands of
       | dollars.
        
       | toomuchtodo wrote:
       | Mentioned open data exchange: https://openaq.org/
       | 
       | https://explore.openaq.org/
       | 
       | EPA.gov: A Guide to Siting and Installing Air Sensors
       | 
       | https://www.epa.gov/air-sensor-toolbox/guide-siting-and-inst...
        
         | DannyBee wrote:
         | SCAQMD actually does independent field/lab evals of sensors.
         | 
         | http://www.aqmd.gov/aq-spec
        
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