[HN Gopher] The Shitty Stack System
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       The Shitty Stack System
        
       Author : positivesum
       Score  : 103 points
       Date   : 2023-06-25 20:35 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (tryingtruly.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (tryingtruly.substack.com)
        
       | giancarlostoro wrote:
       | Competition drives innovation when its external, if its internal
       | it would need to be on a per team basis, and even that feels
       | risky. Pitting members of a team against one another seems
       | counterintuitive. I think of every company I join as a ship, so
       | if another person from another team or my own is struggling with
       | something and I can throw any advise or look and help, I do it,
       | if I cannot because it is out of the scope of my area of
       | knowledge, there's a small chance I might peek and tell them
       | sorry I don't see anything that sticks out. Of course if I'm
       | super swamped I might not at all, but if I'm reasonably busy or
       | not busy enough, I'll pitch in.
       | 
       | I don't think a company ever really recognizes the value in
       | teamwork that I have seen, but it doesn't matter to me, the way I
       | see it: we're all on the same ship, if you sink, I might sink
       | too. Even if I never get rewarded for my efforts, I would much
       | rather take the gratitude of other developers. As a result, when
       | I apply for jobs I have several people who can vouch for me
       | having worked with me, and I'd gladly do the same for them as
       | well.
        
       | totallywrong wrote:
       | Steve Ballmer doing of course. He's got to be the absolute worst
       | CEO of any major tech company ever.
        
       | angarg12 wrote:
       | So recently I was discussing with a colleague how misalignment of
       | incentives has shafted our team in a certain Big Tech.
       | 
       | I'm part of a high performing team, and for the last few years we
       | have been delivering high quality output while hardly increasing
       | our team size.
       | 
       | We have a sister team that is, to put it politely, not as high
       | performing. They have been struggling to deliver even though the
       | have almost twice as many engineers.
       | 
       | Last year we got some headcount to grow our team, but leadership
       | decided to shift it to our sister team, since they had problems
       | reaching their goals (you know, the squeaky wheel gets the
       | grease). This was fine with us since we weren't in a particular
       | hurry, and we would pick up the headcount later.
       | 
       | Fast forward and we have a hiring freeze, meaning that our sister
       | team was able to grow headcount, while we can't grow ours.
       | 
       | The double whammy? since we don't have as many people as we
       | expected, we couldn't pick up projects that were in our roadmap.
       | Guess who got those projects instead? our sister team.
       | 
       | Morale of the story? do a shit job and you will be rewarded with
       | bigger teams and more scope, which in turn will translate into
       | promotions and bonuses.
        
         | tennisflyi wrote:
         | Can't be promoted if you're too good/irreplaceable.
        
           | nine_k wrote:
           | It could be compensated at least by a pay raise.
        
         | o10449366 wrote:
         | I've had the same experience at the big tech company I worked
         | at.
         | 
         | I expressed these frustrations to upper management and the
         | explanation I was given was that for many of these big
         | companies, their goal is to grow their 1,000 sub-businesses to
         | 10 million ARR businesses each. Growing these 10 million ARR
         | units to 100 million ARR is much more difficult than going from
         | 0 to 10 million, and so when they have a successful unit, they
         | disproportionally reinvest that success into the poor
         | performers (the 0-2 million ARR units).
         | 
         | This felt backwards and unfair to me as an engineer on the
         | teams that worked hard to get to the 10 million mark. It really
         | sucked seeing my team lose headcount or engineers to less
         | successful and poorly designed/managed projects. But from a
         | business perspective on the larger scale I see why they do it -
         | I just think it creates a poor engineering culture and, in the
         | long-term, a sub-par customer experience because velocity in
         | product development slows when projects are de-invested or put
         | into KTLO.
        
         | wkdneidbwf wrote:
         | is it common to roadmap features your team can't deliver at
         | their current size? that sounds like a problem.
         | 
         | also, the team that takes on the most work but does it poorly
         | getting the promotions and bonuses also sounds like a problem.
         | 
         | both of those thing aren't problems with developers though--
         | theyre management problems.
         | 
         | i would interpret the moral as bad management leads to sub-
         | optimal outcomes for developers. not advocating correctly for
         | headcount, and not showcasing the high quality work your team
         | does are literally what your manager should be doing.
        
           | otoburb wrote:
           | >> _[...] both of those thing aren't problems with developers
           | though--theyre management problems._
           | 
           | Sounds like the sister team had a better manager in some
           | aspects of "managing" (e.g. managing the message up the
           | chain) compared to the OP's manager who may have been great
           | at facilitating (or minimizing meddling with) the high
           | performing team but was less skilled in managing up.
        
         | gmarx wrote:
         | Decades ago when I was getting started there was a team that
         | fell way behind and everyone on the team worked weekends and
         | many days until midnight and finally delivered some buggy
         | arguable product 6 months late. They were hailed as heroes. No
         | one even noticed me and my team delivering on time. I learned a
         | valuable and entirely inapplicable lesson.
        
         | Tade0 wrote:
         | > They have been struggling to deliver even though the have
         | almost twice as many engineers.
         | 
         | My experience tells me that they struggled _because_ they had
         | twice as many engineers.
         | 
         | I don't think I've been to a 20+ person project which could
         | honestly be called "successful". Hard to say if it's a symptom
         | or a cause. Personally I lean towards the former, because when
         | someone tries to throw people at a problem they either don't
         | know what they're doing or delivering is not their priority.
        
         | Scramblejams wrote:
         | Frustrating dynamic. Something similar played out for me in a
         | different industry, where a company doled out a bunch of
         | different parts of a large project to different subcontractors.
         | The subcontractor I was working at was apparently the only one
         | that hit the dates and deliverables. So we got put on pause
         | (aka defunded) while the other contractors were paid to catch
         | up.
         | 
         | I never was sure why some of the unfinished work wasn't shifted
         | to us, but the end result was the same as yours -- getting
         | penalized for doing the demonstrably superior work.
        
       | softwaredoug wrote:
       | Maybe the team should be _resilient_ first and foremost: when
       | high performing members leave voluntarily, it can readily accept
       | and incorporate new members, while maintain a certain work output
       | and high morale.
       | 
       | Such a team has a reasonably amount of voluntary turnover. Too
       | little turnover and too high turnover create different problems.
       | Either teams stuck in their ways, overly rigid in roles, and
       | overly dependent on certain heroic members, the org is terrified
       | to lose. Teams with too much turnover lose valuable experience
       | before it can be passed on.
       | 
       | In my mind good teams are teaching and learning machines: members
       | adopt new/different ideas, different roles, new members, by being
       | given safe space to fail and be curious.
        
         | Klinky wrote:
         | I don't think artificial turnover is the solution. Teams need
         | good documentation and design or else onboarding/offboarding
         | will be painful and a huge distraction. If you've got good
         | documentation and design methodology, then there is no need to
         | churn the team artificially. Keep documentation up to date,
         | design well, and redesign areas that are tech debt or not done
         | well. That's easier said than done though. There is no magic
         | bullet.
        
           | noizejoy wrote:
           | > I don't think artificial turnover is the solution.
           | 
           | I didn't see this being suggested in the parent post.
        
             | softwaredoug wrote:
             | I actually think there's optimum voluntary and non
             | artificial turnover where people naturally move to other
             | opportunities. And conversely a calcification where people
             | get stuck in a comfort zone.
             | 
             | I don't think people should be forced to leave. Instead I
             | paradoxically think people should be hired more interested
             | in growth and this more likely to leave / move around the
             | company / try different roles.
        
             | Klinky wrote:
             | The entire second paragraph is about finding optimum
             | turnover to keep the team fresh and dynamic. I think it's
             | impossible to control organic voluntary turnover, as you
             | don't control people's lives/desires. The alternative would
             | be artificial turnover, moving people in and out of teams
             | as needed to meet this goal. I think people joining and
             | leaving is disruptive regardless of it being organic or
             | artificial.
        
       | sgt101 wrote:
       | Company I worked at had this inflicted on them by McKinsey,
       | untold woe followed. There were suicides, many nervous
       | breakdowns.
       | 
       | A colleague (a great man who is utterly unregarded professionally
       | but is one of the most profound thinkers I ever encountered) had
       | a brainwave which was to calculate how much the stack ranking was
       | costing. We discovered that every year the company was spending
       | nearly 15% of its budget for management grade employees on the
       | process. This estimate came from two sources, HR's official
       | requirements and guidance and surveys of the management group.
       | 
       | It turned out that large management consultancy found that it was
       | doing the same at the same time we did; this information and my
       | colleagues presentations of his teams research resulted in the
       | system getting dropped.
       | 
       | God damn the people at McKinsey that inflicted this so widely.
       | "In search of excellence" must be counted as one of the artifacts
       | and efforts that has been most harmful to democracy since 1945. I
       | am waiting for an apology.
        
         | truculent wrote:
         | The London Review of Books had a pretty damning article on
         | McKinsey and management consultancy:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33869800
         | 
         | "One gets the sense that Bogdanich and Forsythe think the
         | consultants they write about are rotten apples, but the barrel
         | is sound. Their own material makes clear, however, that all the
         | services often spoken of as merely helping businesses and
         | government departments run more efficiently - management
         | consulting, audit, software development - are in fact focused
         | on enabling capitalists to enrich themselves further without
         | the inconvenient interference of workers, taxpayers or
         | regulation. Thanks to the hegemonic model McKinsey and other
         | management consultants invented, these firms not only make and
         | remake businesses and government in the image of their laissez-
         | faire fantasies, but see homo economicus as the last word in
         | modern selfhood."
         | 
         | (HN comments: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33869800)
        
         | sgt101 wrote:
         | I should add, on the journey to the evidence that finally
         | killed the stack rank we did some interesting empirical work.
         | This was in collaboration with an organisation that actually
         | became part of the dreaded firm.
         | 
         | Still, it was good stuff. In F1 racing you have a unique
         | opportunity to study employee performance empirically. Why?
         | Well - every year there's a new car. The components that get on
         | the new car get on it because of an empirical process. If your
         | team can lighten something, create more drag or reduce drag or
         | increase power then your component gets on the car.
         | 
         | This insight allowed individual performance to be tracked. The
         | results - well it turns out that for almost the whole workforce
         | it's luck; future performance cannot be predicted from past
         | performance. You screw up one year, but then the next you knock
         | it out of the park. There was an exceptional group though.
         | Being in the highest percentiles in successive years was
         | strongly predictive of being in the highest percentiles for
         | future years.
         | 
         | In the follow up work this was investigated and it was found
         | that managers could reliably identify the individuals in their
         | departments that would be in the group of "persistent out
         | performers".
         | 
         | There was no similar group of low performers.
        
       | pinewurst wrote:
       | It wasn't just Microsoft - many companies were equally infected
       | by this evil meme coming out of Jack Welch/GE which of course
       | imploded.
        
         | rwmj wrote:
         | Yes it's strange they wrote this whole article without
         | bothering to investigate the origins of the system. Not even a
         | cursory look at Wikipedia apparently:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitality_curve
        
           | pinewurst wrote:
           | It could actually be even worse as Welch was also keen on
           | something called "Topgrading" which mostly never really
           | caught on.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topgrading
        
       | zac23or wrote:
       | A company I worked for did worse than stack system:
       | 
       | This company has many buses. And it started to measure every
       | movement of the bus maintenance team (with the help of a
       | consultancy). How long does it take to remove the engine? 1 hour.
       | And the wheels? After that, they made a calculation and fired
       | "unnecessary employees".
       | 
       | The remaining people couldn't do the job, it wasn't possible. An
       | engine with a bad bolt is much harder to remove, easily doubling
       | time.
       | 
       | In the end, a steering rod broke, killing the driver and others
       | on the bus.
       | 
       | Nobody was arrested, nothing happened.
       | 
       | My experience in several companies... led me to create the theory
       | (or have I read it somewhere?) of Entrepreneurial Theater.
       | 
       | All the methodologies I was forced to work on basically didn't
       | work, someone with power wanted to do that because they did.
       | Those who do well in this theater are not good employees, they
       | are the ones who perform best in the current play.
        
       | sourcepluck wrote:
       | https://www.alfiekohn.org/punished-rewards/
       | 
       | "In this groundbreaking book, Alfie Kohn shows that while
       | manipulating people with incentives seems to work in the short
       | run, it is a strategy that ultimately fails and even does lasting
       | harm. Our workplaces and classrooms will continue to decline, he
       | argues, until we begin to question our reliance on a theory of
       | motivation derived from laboratory animals."
       | 
       | That was 1993. The people at Microsoft, as well as the author of
       | this substack, would do well to have a think about Kohn's
       | arguments.
        
         | spamizbad wrote:
         | I'd argue Kohn's follow-up work isn't too far out of line with
         | the author.
        
         | onos wrote:
         | MSFT stock up 100x since then. Edit: I guess this was your
         | point, criticism was either heeded or was off.
        
           | einpoklum wrote:
           | Sure, and NFT prices went up times infinity. Doesn't mean
           | that's benefited human society any.
        
           | whywhywhydude wrote:
           | MSFT stock stagnated for more than a decade and jumped once
           | they fired Ballmer and got rid of his stack ranking system. h
           | ttps://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/MSFT/microsoft/sto..
           | .
        
             | gigel82 wrote:
             | I heard it's back now (not sure if for this year only due
             | to the reduced budget, or just ongoing).
        
       | Aleklart wrote:
       | Can confirm, worked for a while back in 2011, never saw more
       | dysfunctional, hypocrite and senseless organisation ever since.
       | Now I consider it hilarious, but I remember how terrified I was
       | of kafkaesque processes I were involved and what CPE was. I still
       | keep 4 pages list of KPIs i have to be "green" with.
        
       | elcritch wrote:
       | > "People responsible for features will openly sabotage other
       | people's efforts. One of the most valuable things I learned was
       | to give the appearance of being courteous while withholding just
       | enough information from colleagues to ensure they didn't get
       | ahead of me on the rankings."
       | 
       | Ah academics are well versed in this method! You would think
       | science would be an endeavor to share knowledge, but in the
       | current cut throat scientific world this has become a norm.
       | Research must look reproducible but not actually be so without
       | significant work to fill in the gaps. It doesn't hurt if it
       | covers up actually unreproducible results either as long as it
       | can get in a top journal.
       | 
       | It also squashes genuinely novel research since it'd be too
       | risky. Better to do small iterative tweaks.
        
       | lolinder wrote:
       | This reminds me of Bret Devereaux's timely observations about
       | coup-proofing in authoritarian regimes. Fostering internal
       | competition absolutely wrecks your organization's efficacy in
       | accomplishing goals, but if you're operating from a position of
       | dominance relative to external threats it can help keep power
       | concentrated in the hands of the people who aren't forced to
       | participate.
       | 
       | > For low legitimacy forms of government, like autocracies, the
       | concern is squarely centered on internal stability, and here we
       | see a wave of armies designed primarily for 'coup proofing.'
       | Russia's military is actually a pretty good example of how this
       | is done. An authoritarian government is looking to both maximize
       | the ability of the army to engage in repression while minimize it
       | as a threat to its rule. 'Coup proofing' of this sort follows a
       | fairly consistent basic model (which I may elaborate on at a
       | later date). First, command needs to be divided so that no one
       | general or minister of defense can turn the whole defense
       | apparatus against the leader. You can see this with how the
       | Russian armed forces were fragmented, with Rosgvardiya and Wagner
       | Group not reporting to the ministry of defense, but it also
       | extends to the structure of the Russian Ministry of Defense,
       | where the Army, the Navy and the Airborne forces (the VDV) all
       | maintain infantry forces. Setting things up that way means that,
       | in a pinch perhaps elite, well-paid and loyal VDV forces could be
       | used to counter-balance grumbling disloyalty in, say, the army.
       | Of course such fragmented command is really bad if you need to
       | launch a conventional war, as, in the event, it was.
       | 
       | https://acoup.blog/2023/06/09/fireside-friday-june-9-2023/
        
       | jameson wrote:
       | "Incentive structures work, so you have to be very careful of
       | what you incent people to do, because various incentive
       | structures create all sorts of consequences that you can't
       | anticipate."
       | 
       | - Steve Jobs
       | 
       | My current employer has similar problem. Company hired executives
       | from a certain company about two years ago (hint: nepotism) and
       | shifted towards incentivizing teams who met OKRs and OKRs were
       | only product focused - features.
       | 
       | Though this makes sense on the surface, what it ended up
       | promoting is doing whatever to meet the OKRs. Short-term solution
       | was often acceptable leaving huge tech debts and it is hard to
       | justify doing anything to maintain system complexity in a
       | reasonable bound because they do not directly correlate to an
       | OKR.
       | 
       | Personal developments aren't part of OKR so junior engineers who
       | should be focusing on learning struggled.
       | 
       | Team collaboration became a hostile because dependent teams will
       | call out other teams for blocking a feature releases.
       | 
       | Executives shared during all-hands their intent isn't to neglect
       | personal development or team collaboration but problem was it
       | doesn't matter to employees because those aren't what's
       | incentivized.
       | 
       | Perhaps if the team or personal performance review required
       | feedback from them (360 degree) and takes a non-negligible
       | portion, then things might have been different but it's still all
       | about what I got done
        
         | einpoklum wrote:
         | > Though this makes sense on the surface
         | 
         | Stopped reading your comment at this point to not bias my
         | reply, but - how does it at all make sense on the surface?
         | 
         | Would you like to get this feature-rich product?
         | https://t.ly/6KUd ...
        
           | dilyevsky wrote:
           | Depends on who your customer is. In large enterprise markets
           | it tends to turn into feature bingo
        
       | scottLobster wrote:
       | Seems to me the key issue is few people in corporate leadership
       | roles actually want responsibility or care about the mission.
       | It's the classic Peter Thiel line that "competition is for
       | losers". Far easier to change something arbitrarily without
       | considering the consequences, because it makes you look
       | "dynamic". If anyone criticizes your plan, talk about "necessary
       | trade-offs" and just shrug off the criticism.
       | 
       | I see it at my own large corporation which is going through a
       | top-down reorg right now under the new executive administration.
       | For those of us actually creating and delivering products, the
       | conversation is: "So this plan is somewhere between meaningless
       | and stupid and will solve a whole lot of nothing, how can we use
       | it to get more funding?" No one outside of fresh college grads
       | expects leadership from the executives, they're largely clueless
       | assholes engaged in corporate peacocking and backstabbing for
       | their own shallow reasons, but the clusterfuck of high-level
       | backstabbing spits out money; so like kids playing in the
       | sprinkler, we position ourselves to catch the water as best we
       | can.
       | 
       | I wish it operated differently, and at smaller companies where
       | the executives are closer to the ground or have an actual vision
       | it appears that it can. But the norm is mediocre and shallow
       | leadership, like those aristocratic 19th century British officers
       | who could literally buy their commissions, and did things like
       | haul grand pianos into war zones.
        
       | GMoromisato wrote:
       | What is Microsoft like now? How are people evaluated and
       | compensated?
       | 
       | I assume not everyone gets the same salary/bonus, so what
       | criteria do they use to decide who gets what?
       | 
       | [I'm not doubting stack ranking sucks--I was at Microsoft
       | 2005-2011--I'm just wondering how they fixed it.]
        
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