[HN Gopher] Maps distort how we see the world
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Maps distort how we see the world
        
       Author : yarapavan
       Score  : 629 points
       Date   : 2023-06-21 17:08 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (unchartedterritories.tomaspueyo.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (unchartedterritories.tomaspueyo.com)
        
       | 29athrowaway wrote:
       | Good luck using a compass and using a projection other than
       | mercator.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | When I was in Google Maps, a popular interview question was
       | "what's your favorite projection? (don't say Mercator)" I didn't
       | get asked that one, fortunately.
       | 
       | Whenever I see one of those "the Earth from space" photos, I
       | always think, "Wow, Africa is _really_ big. "
        
       | placesalt wrote:
       | I agree with many other comments here that this is more an effect
       | of the practical purpose that maps are created for than any
       | presumed nefarious motivation. Look at the list of supported
       | projections in the PROJ database - it's a very long list, and
       | they're all there to solve some particular problem.
       | 
       | Also, it's worth acknowledging that projections like the Robinson
       | projection are often used now instead of Mercator on general-
       | purpose wall maps.
       | 
       | Since the topic came up, this is one of my favourite special-
       | purpose global maps: a map of global ocean circulation, centred
       | around Antarctica:
       | https://old.reddit.com/r/MapPorn/comments/c4et3x/global_ocea...
        
       | drno123 wrote:
       | Is this the same Pueyo who shaped Covid response through "the
       | hammer and the dance"? People still consider this guy relevant?!?
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | Dude, that is wild! I mean, I know about the distortion but still
       | watching Indonesia span that width is crazy. Or the bits about
       | Brazil's Northernmost and Easternmost, or China's Westernmost.
       | 
       | Great collection of illustrations.
        
       | andsoitis wrote:
       | To me a more interesting thing is that we always show "north" as
       | "up" or at the "top".
       | 
       | Even recognizing that it is "natural" given our use of compasses,
       | one would think we can be more playful showing earth with
       | different "up" orientation.
        
       | ddmma wrote:
       | The closer to Ecuador the less higher entropy so not having focus
       | on productive work but maybe just enjoy the sun. Also because of
       | heat people tend to be more violent.
        
       | nntwozz wrote:
       | "The map is not the territory." -- Alfred Korzybski
        
         | j_m_b wrote:
         | Shame I had to get this far to see this quote. It should be in
         | the original article!
        
       | lucb1e wrote:
       | Regarding "How would fish draw a map?" (image:
       | https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_pr...
       | since there's no heading to link to)
       | 
       | Pretty sure I recently learned that fish actually mostly stick to
       | shores and there's little to no migration across open ocean, so
       | they might actually draw that very differently! It was an article
       | about evolution or biodiversity and coastlines, and the article
       | described how genes are transmitted globally despite having
       | separate continents (iirc the waters are shallow enough near the
       | north pole and around oceania to form one long line along all
       | shores), but I can't remember it well enough to find it again.
       | Tried checking it elsewhere but all the relevant-sounding
       | Wikipedia articles don't seem to talk about the ratio of deep sea
       | animals to near-shore animals. Can anyone else confirm or refute
       | this?
        
         | messe wrote:
         | You've linked the wrong image (off by one); that one is the
         | sarcastic depiction of the "international community".
        
           | lucb1e wrote:
           | Oh crap, thanks for letting me know. Didn't see it in time
           | for the edit window though :( if only HN had notifications or
           | just lets you edit, y'know, your own posts
        
       | slibhb wrote:
       | > Countries closer to the equator--which happen to be poorer1--
       | seem smaller than they are.
       | 
       | Depends on the projection you use and its parameters. The "Web
       | Mercator is racist" meme is just lazy.
       | 
       | One way around the issue is rendering a globe on a screen. Google
       | maps does this when you zoom out far enough. By the same token,
       | if you're using a screen, it's possible to dynamically reproject
       | a map based on whatever is centered.
        
         | nwallin wrote:
         | > The "Web Mercator is racist" meme is just lazy.
         | 
         | It is lazy, but here's a good reason to not use Web Mercator:
         | Unlike regular Mercator, Web Mercator is not conformal.
         | Mercator preserves shape locally, but Web Mercator distorts
         | shapes by +/- 1%-ish depending on latitude. Web Mercator
         | doesn't do the thing that makes Mercator a good projection.
         | 
         | Does that +/- 1%-ish actually matter? Maybe, I dunno. It annoys
         | me though.
        
         | oakashes wrote:
         | > One way around the issue is rendering a globe on a screen.
         | Google maps does this when you zoom out far enough.
         | 
         | This isn't a way around the issue because the screen is two-
         | dimensional so you are still showing a projection of the globe.
         | I think Google uses the perspective projection when you zoom
         | out enough.
        
       | AlgorithmicTime wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | profsummergig wrote:
       | Extremely well put-together article. Contains many examples I've
       | seen in disparate sources before.
       | 
       | I will use it as an example of how data visualization can
       | distort.
       | 
       | I often wonder if similar things happen with tabular data, but we
       | just can't "see" it so clearly.
        
       | ubermonkey wrote:
       | If you think only in Mercator (e.g.), it's easy to fall into
       | erroneous concepts. A great example of this came when, years ago,
       | I had a business trip from Texas where I live to Dubai.
       | 
       | A friend asked, cleverly aware of the distance involved, if the
       | flight went east or west -- because if you have Flat Map Brain,
       | that's what you default to, right?
       | 
       | The answer is "neither."
       | 
       | The route went mostly north from Houston, crossed Canada and
       | began trending south (without turning!) over / around Iceland; we
       | approached Dubai from the north, more or less.
       | 
       | I remember the flight back home going over Iran, but it was at
       | least a decade ago and regional tensions may have made them
       | change that. This site
       | 
       | https://flightaware.com/live/flight/UAE211
       | 
       | shows them avoiding Iranian airspace now, but the flight path
       | seems otherwise about the same.
        
         | netsharc wrote:
         | This site shows the shortest path between 2 airports:
         | http://www.gcmap.com/mapui?P=IAH-DXB
         | 
         | I'd imagine your flight would've avoided Russia, afaik even
         | before the war they were obnoxious about who can fly over
         | them/how much it would cost:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jdNDYBt9e_U
        
           | ubermonkey wrote:
           | I've no recollection about flying in Russian airspace, but I
           | definitely did snap a phonecam pic of the seatback map
           | showing us flying between the Elburz mountains and Tehran.
           | This was in 2012, so 11 years ago (per the date of the pic I
           | found).
           | 
           | The path suggested by that position absolutely implies flight
           | over Russian territory, but obviously I have no data beyond
           | that. It seems unlikely that an airliner would, like, zigzag
           | around; n.b. that I was on Emirates, not a US carrier, and
           | Russia (and other countries) probably doesn't treat them like
           | they would an airline run out of a NATO country.
           | 
           | Or, at least, probably didn't in 2012. No idea what the rules
           | are now.
           | 
           | EDIT: I found this article which notes that, at least as of a
           | year ago, Emirates was flying TO Russia, so presumably
           | flights through Russian airspace en route to other places
           | were okay as well before the war.
           | 
           | https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-
           | defense/emirates-...
        
             | netsharc wrote:
             | Well, zig-zags happen, almost all airlines avoided flying
             | over Ukraine after the MH17 shootdown, and no flights fly
             | straight from point to point like what gcmap.com would
             | show, they follow "roads", e.g:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Atlantic_Tracks . It's
             | also possible they'd avoid Russia if the detour costs less
             | than the overfly fee.
             | 
             | Yeah Emirates didn't join in the sanctions, so they can
             | still fly to, and over Russia. A few weeks ago there was an
             | Air India that was flying from India to the US over Russia,
             | and had to make an emergency landing in Russia, there were
             | concerns whether they'd be allowed to import a replacement
             | engine into Russia because the sanctions.
        
       | cubefox wrote:
       | With the advent of the paperless office, the increasing ubiquity
       | of screens, and the steady progress in 3D rendering performance -
       | there will soon be little need for 2D map projections. We just
       | render the Earth as a sphere and do some perspective projection.
        
         | bazoom42 wrote:
         | Screens are still flat, so it would still be a 2d projection.
        
           | cubefox wrote:
           | Yes, but 3D perspective projection is what our eyes do
           | anyway, so there are no unnatural distortions. Paintings and
           | video games use it to create realistic images of 3D space.
        
       | asylteltine wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | Guthur wrote:
       | Distorts nothing, it gives a particular view of the world. All
       | our views of the world are highly localised by the very nature of
       | our existence.
       | 
       | We can form our own maps by our experience but this is going to
       | be naturally very limited and so maps provide us means to
       | transmit a biased view of the world. All of these views will be
       | biased in some fashion that's the nature of existence.
        
       | interroboink wrote:
       | I have a poster of a South-up map[1], which is fun to look at and
       | wiggle those expectations in my mind from time to time.
       | 
       | Hobo-Dyer[2] is also an interesting projection.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.mapsinternational.com/upside-down-political-
       | worl... (just an example; you can find others)
       | 
       | [2] https://digital.library.cornell.edu/catalog/ss:19343348
        
         | idatum wrote:
         | Makes me wonder why South isn't intuitively "up" for folks in
         | the Southern Hemisphere.
        
           | Exoristos wrote:
           | Save reason they observe Yule at midsummer.
        
           | jeroenhd wrote:
           | I imagine having your maps rotated compared to most of the
           | world (90% of humanity lives in the northern hemisphere)
           | would probably be a pain to deal with.
        
       | OOPMan wrote:
       | Mildly interesting then I got to then end and saw the "come back
       | next week for my premium on article on WHY" and couldn't help
       | feeling this was basically just a content mill article full of
       | factoids trying to get you to give some random guy on the
       | internet money.
       | 
       | Either that or a pathway to some Evil Conspiracy XD
        
       | AntiRemote wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | dontupvoteme wrote:
       | A hot take perhaps but now I'm curious -- Is this an American/New
       | World/Big-Ass-Country (I could see Russia/China caring)
       | phenomenon?
       | 
       | A lot of British people, especially when being smug and
       | nationalist online, speak about how their tiny island took over
       | so many other big places.
       | 
       | I never asked a Frenchman and obviously it's in bad form to ask
       | the Germans...
       | 
       | The Scandis ""benefit"" the most from the distortion but never
       | really had empire apart from in the neighboring areas, so I don't
       | know if they ever think about it.
        
         | Exoristos wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_overseas_colonies?wprov...
         | Everybody tried to take over the world in that era. Hell, the
         | Scots had Panama at one point.
        
       | efsavage wrote:
       | A good collection, I especially like the Mediterranean-in-
       | Australia one.
       | 
       | Responding to the title itself, if you think "Maps Distort How We
       | See the World" you should see what not having a map does!
        
       | randcraw wrote:
       | There was a memorable scene from "The West Wing" on the biases
       | imposed by most map projections, in particular, how Mercator
       | makes North America look huge:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eLqC3FNNOaI
        
         | js2 wrote:
         | Probably seen that clip a dozen times and this was the first
         | time I noticed Whitford manspreading in the middle of the clip
         | and Janney batting his leg back. By the look on his face, it
         | seems improvised to get a laugh out of her.
        
           | eldaisfish wrote:
           | it's a huge stretch to claim there was no bias involved. the
           | biais is in putting europe front and center and at the top.
           | Have you seen maps that place the americas in the center? How
           | about maps with north and south swapped?
        
             | prepend wrote:
             | Maybe more accurate is that there wasn't some nefarious
             | bias that was meant to oppress people.
             | 
             | Europe was at the center because they made the maps. It's a
             | simple reason. If some other culture has been dominant we'd
             | be using a projection that makes it more useful for them.
        
               | arp242 wrote:
               | I'd argue that, by coincidence, putting Africa/Europe in
               | roughly the centre happens to be the most sensible.
               | Extraterrestrials with no knowledge of humans would
               | probably do this.
               | 
               | The reason for this is that it's the most "geographical
               | centric" location, with the Americas to the left and Asia
               | to the right, with the huge pacific ocean pushed to the
               | edges. If you place China in the centre then you're
               | "wasting" a lot of space on the pacific. I think [1] is a
               | worse map because significant parts of the world are
               | pushed to the edge in favour of the pacific, which takes
               | centre stage.
               | 
               | You also see this if you zoom out on Google Maps as far
               | as it will allow, putting Africa/Europe in the centre
               | still shows you _most_ of the world 's landmasses, but if
               | you put China in the centre it's almost as if the
               | Americas haven't been discovered yet.
               | 
               | [1]: https://studycli.org/wp-
               | content/uploads/2021/03/china-world-...
        
               | tbrownaw wrote:
               | Maybe instead of putting Europe in the middle we could do
               | something sensible like put the split left-right edges
               | down the middle of the widest ocean.
        
               | dontupvoteme wrote:
               | >Europe was at the center because they made the maps.
               | It's a simple reason. If some other culture has been
               | dominant we'd be using a projection that makes it more
               | useful for them.
               | 
               | IMO Simply moving the Mercator projection to be centered
               | on China is far more meaningful than changing the
               | projection. The entire world revolved around China and
               | trading with it for thousands of years, and you much more
               | immediately understand things such as
               | 
               | 1. The importance of the silk road and the middle east.
               | (and thereby the importance of controlling that region
               | and thus the legacy of the Byzantines and later Ottoman
               | Empire. To say nothing of Persia, The Greeks, etc)
               | 
               | 2. The nature of the Eurasian steppes (It's staggeringly
               | big and OP for horses)
               | 
               | 3. The tendency to forget about those big oceans of
               | certain death, as they were for tens of thousands of
               | years. Europeans only sailed through them to get to
               | _china_ and avoid paying taxes to Muslims, after all.
               | 
               | 4. Why, given the above, the Chinese call the 1840s to
               | 1940s the "Century of humiliation"
               | 
               | I'm sure I'm omitting a lot of stuff but That was Human
               | History for much longer than the Euroamerican order
        
               | mijkal wrote:
               | Fyi China calls itself 'Zhongguo' -- literally 'Middle
               | Kingdom' (Country)
        
               | yunohn wrote:
               | The vast majority of items are manufactured in Asia now,
               | especially globes. By your logic, should they
               | unilaterally start printing Asia in the center?
        
               | heikkilevanto wrote:
               | Globes?? They do not suffer (much?) from the map
               | projection problem. And no, they should not be printing
               | any part of the world in the center of the globe!
        
               | Tade0 wrote:
               | > Globes?? They do not suffer (much?) from the map
               | projection problem.
               | 
               | They do if you try hard enough. Introducing the infamous
               | Poland Globe:
               | 
               | https://www.maproomblog.com/2020/09/these-globes-are-
               | uncanny...
        
               | prepend wrote:
               | This isn't my logic, it's the logic of the map designers.
               | 
               | It's not important where they are made. It's important
               | where they are designed.
               | 
               | I expect there's lots of maps with Asia in the center,
               | but I don't expect people in the US to buy them.
        
               | hnfong wrote:
               | First you said the center is decided by who made the
               | maps.
               | 
               | Then you changed it to who designed the maps.
               | 
               | In your last sentence you implied that the buyers make
               | the decision.
               | 
               | Make up your mind?
        
               | NoRelToEmber wrote:
               | Unilaterally? If they want to use maps that center Asia
               | in their education and work, who is stopping them? In
               | fact I'd wager they start their education by learning
               | about the geography of Asia first.
               | 
               | I'm puzzled by this demonization of simply observing the
               | world from the perspective of one's own culture. Blaming
               | Europeans for putting Europe in the center of their maps
               | is like blaming Italians for teaching Italian in school,
               | and not some globally-representative language (maybe
               | English or Chinese) chosen without local "bias".
               | 
               | Though your mention of "especially globes" has me
               | wondering how they would place Asia in the center of a
               | globe...
        
               | cpuguy83 wrote:
               | Saying there is a bias is not an accusation of wrong
               | doing or "demonization".
        
               | NoRelToEmber wrote:
               | Not necessarily, but usually. E.g.
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36422476 linked a
               | clip from the West Wing that blames biased Eurocentric
               | maps for perpetuating colonialism.
        
               | fifafifi wrote:
               | It's crazy how populists and misinformation agents have
               | successfully convinced people that any mention of a
               | potential bias is an "woke" attack on their whole
               | personality and world view.
        
               | Nasrudith wrote:
               | Only if you count bad evangelists as "misinformation
               | agents". There are unfortunately plenty of bad actors who
               | have persistently tried to use it as a social cudgel and
               | an excuse to fight for social dominance, shield oneself
               | from being questioned (including self-reflection), and to
               | write others off. To be frank, it is no wonder people
               | view it as an attack when that is exactly what it has
               | been used for.
               | 
               | For a similar patterns of bad behavior by the same actors
               | look at the utterly terrible framing and naming of white
               | priveledge, where not having problems nobody should have
               | to deal with is phrased as if not being discriminated
               | against is a moral problem!
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | tick_tock_tick wrote:
             | Almost no one lives in the south so they are never swapped.
        
             | cjfd wrote:
             | Actually, in China I saw a map where the cut was in the
             | Atlantic Ocean. I am not sure how wide spread that is but I
             | would say it makes sense for any world map used in Eastern
             | Asia.
        
               | eythian wrote:
               | I recall that being reasonably common in New Zealand when
               | I was growing up.
        
             | croes wrote:
             | If you nake a map for your navigation, what would you put
             | in center?
             | 
             | Your starting point or any other point?
        
         | NoRelToEmber wrote:
         | It's fascinating how we're expected to believe senior White
         | House officials are such perfect strawman doofuses that they
         | have never seen a globe or the Mollweide projection, or were
         | ever reprimanded by a geography teacher for saying "up" instead
         | of "North". The only thing that scene is missing is for her to
         | fall over in shock and disbelief at hearing that the Earth is
         | round.
         | 
         | They're not characters, they're tools to push a message.
        
           | codingdave wrote:
           | It is fiction. Relax and enjoy the show.
        
             | NoRelToEmber wrote:
             | The only way I could enjoy that farce is after multiple,
             | life-alteringly serious concussions.
        
         | varenc wrote:
         | The video quality of that clip was so bad I uploaded a new
         | 1080p version to YouTube: https://youtu.be/dxhWybPCEpI
         | 
         | If you want to avoid YouTube, here's just the video:
         | https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/s/szn691fdcgvxwh8/map_proj...
         | 
         | edit: updated YouTube link to include the full version
        
           | izzydata wrote:
           | It ends too soon. The funniest part is when they talk about
           | the northern hemisphere being on top and then them putting it
           | on the bottom and her saying it is freaking her out.
        
             | varenc wrote:
             | Doh! Thanks for the spot. The 2nd part is actually from a
             | different scene, but I combined them both and updated the
             | links above.
        
         | WirelessGigabit wrote:
         | Except Mercator wasn't German.
         | 
         | He was born in the County of Flanders, current day East
         | Flanders and moved to Germany at the age of 40.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerardus_Mercator
        
           | gerdesj wrote:
           | "5 March 1512 - 2 December 1594"
           | 
           | Everything was a bit complicated in that region in the
           | medieval period. In the C16, you immediately come up short
           | with the concept of "Germany".
        
             | Tade0 wrote:
             | Germany the state - indeed, but German as a
             | culture/language/nationality(in the contemporary
             | definition) was definitely there.
             | 
             | Same with Italy, which wasn't a single state until the mid
             | XIX century. Over to the east states lost independence and
             | remained so for hundreds of years, only to re-emerge in the
             | XX century.
             | 
             | My point is that state as an entity doesn't fully define
             | one's identity.
        
         | ralusek wrote:
         | This clip is always hilarious to me. Smugly declares "it's
         | where you've been living this whole time," as he stands in
         | front of a projection that is just as flawed, as all
         | projections are, as the Mercator. The only priority of that map
         | projection is attempting to account for the accurate area of
         | landmasses, sacrificing correct shape of landmasses, as well as
         | a ton of navigational utility.
         | 
         | A globe is the only correct projection, and I have personally
         | never looked at a globe and thought "Wow, I've been deceived!"
         | Google maps now even switches to trying to do a globe
         | projection when you zoom out far enough.
         | 
         | This is a ridiculous issue for smug people to bring up at
         | parties.
        
           | Jabbles wrote:
           | > as well as a ton of navigational utility
           | 
           | Surely this utility was only ever useful for sailors, and
           | these days not even them?
        
             | ralusek wrote:
             | No I mean like when you open your maps application and want
             | to go somewhere with GPS, latitude and longitude will be
             | vertical and horizontal and proportionally spaced due to
             | the map using a projection like Mercator...
        
           | fifafifi wrote:
           | A globe is not a map projection.
           | 
           | With a globe you can only see part of Earth at once.
        
             | ralusek wrote:
             | A globe IS a map projection. It's the projection of the
             | surface of the planet onto a sphere.
        
             | bentley wrote:
             | And that's the tradeoff of using a globe, whereas the
             | tradeoff of the Peters projection is that the map is
             | distorted in various ways, and the tradeoff of Mercator is
             | that the map is distorted in other ways.
             | 
             | Which is why that _West Wing_ clip is, frankly,
             | pretentious, because it doesn't discuss the negatives of
             | Peters, wrongly implies that it's "the" correct way to view
             | the world, and makes no mention of other major projections,
             | or even a globe.
             | 
             | Choice of map projection is all about context. Peters is
             | sensible in a particular context; Mercator in another; a
             | globe in another. My usual projection of choice is Albers,
             | which is typically great for the continental US, but I
             | probably wouldn't use it so much if I regularly made maps
             | of other places!
        
               | throwawaaarrgh wrote:
               | To be fair, the West Wing was pretentious in so many
               | other ways that this is one of the few clips that borders
               | on genuinely educational. Flawed? Yes. But it's not an
               | educational show, it's a bizarre hyper-liberal hour-long
               | lecture to the viewer where for some reason every single
               | character talks like an over the hill Jewish man with the
               | same verbal tics and expressions.
               | 
               | And honestly, it's a bit pretentious to publicly denounce
               | an entertaining TV show just to seem smarter than
               | everyone at cocktail parties.
        
         | trhfhxggf wrote:
         | It makes things further from the equator appear huge. There's
         | no conspiracy or biases involved, unless of course you're
         | proposing that the Mercator projection was developed to give
         | Antarctica a false sense of superiority.
        
           | Taniwha wrote:
           | One of the common maps used in schools cuts off the bottom
           | quarter of the map, including Antarctica making the southern
           | hemisphere half the size of the northern
        
         | chippiewill wrote:
         | Andrew Jackson, in the main foyer of the White House, had a
         | two-ton block of cheese. It was there, for any and all who were
         | hungry, it was there for the voiceless.
        
           | sublinear wrote:
           | So... government cheese?
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | mcv wrote:
       | Great article, with one big problem: it's guilty of the exact
       | issue it tries to address: assuming specific map projections as
       | the default.
       | 
       | It starts:
       | 
       | > Maps twist our perception of the world.
       | 
       | > Countries closer to the equator--which happen to be poorer--
       | seem smaller than they are.
       | 
       | This is obviously not true for all map projections. It is
       | famously true for the Mercator projection, which we see a lot
       | because it's the best projection for navigation, and that's the
       | main thing we use maps for in our everyday lives. It's probably
       | true for some other map projections, but definitely not for all.
       | 
       | The article doesn't even mention the name Mercator until its
       | second half.
        
         | defrost wrote:
         | > It is famously true for the Mercator projection, which we see
         | a lot because it's the best projection for navigation, and
         | that's the main thing we use maps for in our everyday lives.
         | 
         | The Mercator _family_ is  "the best" map _family_ for those who
         | navigate by rhumb lines.
         | 
         | I strongly doubt a significant proportion of people on earth
         | navigate by rhumb lines in this day and age, particularly given
         | the vast numbers of GPS enabled devices.
         | 
         | I stressed _family_ , of course, as there is a continuum of
         | Mercator projection maps .. _The_ (specific) _Mercator
         | Projection_ that wall hangs and everbody discusses whenever
         | this comes up is just one of many and whose parameters were
         | chosen to weight the Northern Hemisphere for the benefit of US-
         | Euro traders.
        
           | mcv wrote:
           | We don't navigate by rhumb lines, we navigate by directions
           | and local shapes, and those are the important things that
           | stay the same in Mercator. If some angles on the map are
           | smaller than they should be while others are larger, that's
           | confusing. Mercator keeps this consistent.
           | 
           | Imagine using a zoomed-in version of Winkel-Tripel to
           | navigate the west coast of the US; that would be pretty
           | terrible.
           | 
           | Of course today with computerised navigation, we don't really
           | have to use a flat projection at all; it would be even more
           | accurate to calculate every view directly from a globe. Have
           | your own custom projection based on where you are.
           | 
           | But if you're going to use a flat map projection for
           | navigation, Mercator is it. Or something Mercatory, at least;
           | centering on Greenwich and having north up is less relevant,
           | although deviating from the latter would probably confuse a
           | lot of people.
           | 
           | And outside of navigation, we really shouldn't ever be using
           | Mercator. I'm not sure if that happens. When I was in school,
           | I remember we had a Goode-Homolosine map on the wall, which
           | is an excellent choice for that. Every map projection has its
           | purposes that it's good at, and those it's not. But
           | especially with the ubiquity of Google Maps, it's not
           | surprising that people get more exposure to Mercator.
        
             | defrost wrote:
             | > But if you're going to use a flat map projection for
             | navigation, Mercator is it.
             | 
             | For you, perhaps.
             | 
             | As a professional geographer since ~ 1980 (ish) I did enjoy
             | the NZMG (1949) that remained in use until 2001 - it was
             | centred down the mean common spine of the North and South
             | Islands and minimised distortion across the entirety of the
             | New Zealand land and waters [1]. It was one of only three
             | (IIRC) complex-number polynomial expansion projections in
             | common use - but they're ideal for certain land form
             | shapes.
             | 
             | I've seen a _lot_ of local ellipsoid+datum+projection
             | mapping systems globally - I was doing global geophysical
             | mapping during the transition to WGS84 and got into the
             | weeds wrt transforms between that and the 300+ mapping
             | systems commonly in use about the globe prior to todays
             | uniformity.
             | 
             | Pilots, of course, use aeronautical charts based on LCC
             | (Lambert conformal conic projection) as straight lines
             | there approximate Great Circle routes, satellite agencies
             | use variations on the projections of John P. Snyder [2].
             | 
             | I'd humbly suggest that if you honestly believe that the
             | Mercator family is the be all and end all for navigation
             | then perhaps you're in need of further reading [2].
             | 
             | [1] https://www.linz.govt.nz/guidance/geodetic-
             | system/coordinate...
             | 
             | [2] https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1395\*
        
               | mcv wrote:
               | You're right. For local navigation, local projections are
               | of course best. I was stuck on the unspoken assumption of
               | using a global map projection. When dealing with local
               | maps, there's absolutely no reason to do that.
               | 
               | But those local map projections only work for that
               | region. As soon as you want seamless transitions to other
               | regions, these local projections don't work so well
               | anymore.
        
       | jeffchien wrote:
       | Unrelated but I love that "The True Size of Africa" diagram lists
       | area in "m km^2", also known as "Mm^2". It's interesting that
       | there are some SI prefix and unit combinations that are just not
       | used.
        
       | IndySun wrote:
       | It's a comprehensive telling of something that's becoming more
       | commonly known. There's little sinister intent, more a giving
       | readers information to conclude themselves. Some countries, Japan
       | and USA come to mind, put themselves at the centre of 'their'
       | world maps. Also, the distorted headshot is incredibly
       | demonstrative. And seeing how much different sizes appear if you
       | alter the orientation.
        
       | luxurytent wrote:
       | The overlay of Canada on Europe is always a fun one. We moan so
       | much here (perhaps rightfully so) about lack of public transit
       | and reasonable infrastructure to get around, but we're also
       | comparing a population of (just recently hit!) 40,000 and
       | ~700,000. Orders of magnitude larger, but roughly same land area.
       | 
       | This is why I am hugely in support of increased immigration into
       | Canada, housing crisis aside (it'll resolve over time)
        
         | mhb wrote:
         | > This is why I am hugely in support of increased immigration
         | into Canada
         | 
         | I suspect the US has a few states that are willing to help.
        
         | jtakkala wrote:
         | The size of Canada really isn't a valid excuse for Canada's
         | poor public transit, nor is Canada's population.
         | 
         | Notjustbikes posted a good video rebutting this argument a few
         | days ago: https://youtu.be/REni8Oi1QJQ
        
         | dredmorbius wrote:
         | NB: Canada is 40 _millions_ , not _thousands_. Likewise Europe
         | (variously defined) is 700 million.
        
         | lm28469 wrote:
         | Look at this map, it tells another story:
         | https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FjeXxfbXkAg30EZ.png
        
         | MalcolmDwyer wrote:
         | 90% of Canadians live in a "small" strip of land that is
         | comparable in size to Europe. That area (along with several
         | regions and city pairs in the US) could have excellent inter-
         | city and intra-city transit. But we just don't.
         | 
         | Canada and the US are lacking in good public transit because as
         | a society we've made the choice to build for cars and not build
         | for people. Almost everything about our built environment is
         | optimized for cars and the _result_ is sprawl. The cause is our
         | public policies, building regulations, and zoning.
         | 
         | It has nothing to do with the size of the country, because
         | people don't try to commute across the country, just like
         | people who live in Paris generally don't commute to Berlin
         | every day. The vast majority of travel is local and
         | occasionally regional.
        
         | tick_tock_tick wrote:
         | > housing crisis aside (it'll resolve over time)
         | 
         | And fuck all the suffering along the way? Honestly Canada needs
         | to address that before it can even begin to start thinking
         | about more immigration. Canada is not even vaguely equipped to
         | handle more people as it stands now.
        
           | luxurytent wrote:
           | Never said that there is no suffering along the way. It is
           | terrible and we've made mistakes, but there's only so much
           | scope I can fit into a comment!
        
         | NoRelToEmber wrote:
         | > Orders of magnitude larger, but roughly same land area.
         | 
         | You should compare the populated area, not the entire landmass.
         | That there exist vast unpopulated frozen tundras nominally
         | within Canadian borders does not hinder public transport any
         | more than Siberia hindered building the Moscow metro.
        
           | fknorangesite wrote:
           | Seriously. Half the population is in southern Ontario.
           | There's no reason we can't have a serious high speed rail
           | line Toronto<->Quebec City that would serve - without
           | exaggeration - most Canadians.
           | 
           | I forget where I read this phrase first, but: every flight in
           | this corridor is a policy failure.
        
         | randomdata wrote:
         | _> We moan so much here (perhaps rightfully so) about lack of
         | public transit and reasonable infrastructure to get around_
         | 
         | Funny thing is that Canada _used_ to have that public transit
         | infrastructure, from big cities even into tiny little towns.
         | The country was built on it!
         | 
         | We eventually ripped it up because it turns out people liked
         | driving cars more. And I posit that they still do. If the will
         | was there, it could be rebuilt, but it turns out moaning is a
         | lot easier.
        
       | meindnoch wrote:
       | Yeah, it must be the Mercator projection why the global south is
       | poor.
       | 
       | Never mind New Zealand and Australia...
       | 
       | Never mind that the whole post-USSR Asia is on the same level as
       | some African countries...
       | 
       | It must be those damn maps.
        
         | bagacrap wrote:
         | Actually the claim was that the global poor are close to the
         | equator. Given how little motivation I have to even move when
         | it's very hot, and how moving is required to generate wealth,
         | and how recently A/C was invented, it's probably not totally a
         | coincidence.
         | 
         | But yea Mercator isn't the problem.
        
           | anikan_vader wrote:
           | I mean it's pretty easily explained by the Industrial
           | Revolution starting in Europe, which is very far north. The
           | explanation that heat induces laziness is a bit suspect given
           | that in older eras many of the most prosperous civilizations
           | were near the equator. (Egypt, Sumeria, the Persians, Indus
           | River Valley Civilizations, etc.)
        
             | bagacrap wrote:
             | I don't really know how to compare the prosperity of
             | ancient Sumeria and Denmark, but ancient Rome did conquer
             | ancient Egypt and the reverse never happened.
             | 
             | The fact that the industrial revolution occurred far away
             | from the equator supports the notion that the tropics are
             | not conducive to progress/wealth. Granted it's a small
             | sample size. Hard to re-run history dozens of time to get
             | more data unfortunately.
             | 
             | After the industrial revolution, Europeans proceeded to
             | colonize much of the planet, such as both Americas, but it
             | wasn't Venezuela or Ecuador that became a global
             | superpower.
             | 
             | Within the Eastern hemisphere, Japan, Korea, China seem to
             | have done better at progress and wealth as compared to
             | Southeast Asia. Granted Singapore and Hong Kong have done
             | well lately, but maybe because of a/c -
             | https://www.vox.com/2015/3/23/8278085/singapore-lee-kuan-
             | yew...
        
       | pete1302 wrote:
       | my brain in hurting!
        
       | crtified wrote:
       | All maps are created with selective purpose.
       | 
       | The only thing that can possibly represent all purposes
       | simultaneously is the world itself.
       | 
       | Accordingly, every map is also a compromise.
        
         | dredmorbius wrote:
         | More generally: All models are wrong, but some are useful.
         | 
         | -- George E. P. Box, in "Science and Statistics" (1976)
         | <https://www-
         | sop.inria.fr/members/Ian.Jermyn/philosophy/writi...> (PDF)
         | 
         | See: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_models_are_wrong>
         | 
         | Box apparently expanded on the notion in Box, G. E. P. (1979),
         | "Robustness in the strategy of scientific model building", in
         | Launer, R. L.; Wilkinson, G. N. (eds.), _Robustness in
         | Statistics_ , Academic Press, pp. 201-236,
         | doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-438150-6.50018-2, ISBN 9781483263366.
         | 
         | Full text online at <https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/224156357/skog
         | en_etal_2021_meps....> (PDF)
        
       | raldi wrote:
       | A nice addition to this page would be the fact that Maine is the
       | US state closest to Africa.
        
       | yolkedgeek wrote:
       | this is such an important point that rich countries don't want to
       | spread that much.
        
       | delta_p_delta_x wrote:
       | So, just use an orthographic projection and concede that
       | projecting a globe onto a flat surface with boundaries is a
       | futile affair.
       | 
       | Google Maps on the Web defaults to this; so does Apple Maps.
        
       | meitham wrote:
       | The true size is excellent way to views these and is a major
       | source for this article https://www.thetruesize.com/
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | To hijack discussion, here's another quirk of mapping: Border
       | disputes can be uplifted into state law. Google adjusts how it
       | renders maps into IN economy IPs because its _illegal_ to show
       | maps about Kashmir which imply Pakistan 's claims over the
       | territory are legitimate.
       | 
       | I've had to adjust slide-ware for use in the Indian subcontinent.
       | 
       | A different kind of "distortion" but very real.
       | 
       | Projections can be complicated. I value mapping tools which let
       | you re-center a global map off 0deg Longitude. I also value maps
       | which manage to fit all of the Pac-rim island economies into some
       | kind of view: No way is land mass or distance to scale, to
       | usefully show this region.
       | 
       | If you believe maps, Hawaii is almost as big as Alaska and just
       | offshore of the Catalina Islands. It also seems to have a very
       | squared-off moat, maybe its a border wall...
        
       | ximus wrote:
       | Fun article. Surprised it doesn't mention the Peters projection
       | map.
       | 
       | You cannot have both area fidelity and shape fidelity to
       | represent countries on a map.
       | 
       | If you want area fidelity, the Gall-Peters [1] projection and the
       | Peters world map [2] (1952) by Arno Peters are the way to
       | visualize countries, whereas common maps focus on shape-fidelity.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arno_Peters?useskin=vector [2]
       | https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/map-of-the-world-peters-p...
        
         | gjm11 wrote:
         | There are plenty of other equal-area map projections. Several
         | of them are less shape-distorting than the Peters projection.
         | See e.g. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal-area_projection.
         | Peters did a great job of publicity, as witness the common but
         | _completely false_ idea that the Peters projection is  "the
         | way" to make an equal-area plane map, but there's nothing
         | particularly great about the projection itself.
        
       | TiredGuy wrote:
       | The gif at the top was very interesting. The shrinking of the
       | North America and Russia were really surprising to me, as I had
       | always looked at them as much more significant land masses.
       | 
       | A little off-topic from projections, but I just returned from a
       | trip to Seoul a few days ago, and I found a simplified subway map
       | to be so much easier to use than Google Maps' more realistic-but-
       | less-relevant map. Subway map design has always intrigued me in
       | that it ignores so much in terms of position and proportion, but
       | at the same time can relay the needed information so much more
       | clearly.
        
       | kibwen wrote:
       | Preserving the relative proportions of the continents while also
       | emphasizing how the continents nearly form one giant
       | supercontinent is why I prefer the Dymaxion projection:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dymaxion_map
       | 
       | It works by projecting the earth onto an icosahedron (a D20) and
       | then unfolding it. Distortion is fairly low and roughly equal
       | across all the continents; here's a graphic that demonstrates the
       | relative distortion:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dymaxion_map#/media/File:Dymax...
       | 
       | Honorable mention to the Peirce quincuncial projection, which
       | both tiles the plane and also cleverly arranges the continents to
       | concentrate distortion into the oceans, as an alternative
       | aesthetic projection:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peirce_quincuncial_projection
        
         | zokier wrote:
         | Of discontinuous projections, I prefer Waterman over Dymaxion,
         | it feels more regular and is more intuitive to see how it wraps
         | around a sphere (or geoid). While Waterman might have more
         | distortion in some absolute sense, the regularity of the
         | distortions makes it still more pleasing (subjective, I know).
         | One weird thing about Dymaxion is how the 70deg parallels
         | around both north and south poles are distinctly lumpy.
         | 
         | But really the biggest problem I have with Dymaxion (and with
         | all discontinuous maps to some degree) is how difficult it is
         | to grasp how the different landmasses are located in relation
         | to each other across the discontinuations; the worst-case
         | example is probably estimating the path from South-America to
         | Australia or Africa which requires some degree of mental
         | gymnastics to accomplish.
        
         | thanatos519 wrote:
         | I printed the Dymaxion SVG on A3+ card paper. Makes a great
         | icosahedron!
        
         | afterburner wrote:
         | I prefer a similar one, the Cahill-Keyes projection:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahill%E2%80%93Keyes_projectio...
         | 
         | It uses fewer major triangular sections, has a more regular
         | pattern to it, and best of all tries to keep the equator more
         | or less horizontal.
        
         | simonbw wrote:
         | I see that you like Isaac Asimov, XML, and shoes with toes.
         | 
         | https://xkcd.com/977/
        
           | kibwen wrote:
           | XML gets a bad rap, and I agree that efforts to crowbar it
           | into being a data interchange format were ill-advised
           | relative to just making it a good text-based markup language,
           | but it had plenty of good ideas, and it took decades for data
           | interchange via JSON to reinvent things like schemas and
           | XPath that XML had from the start!
        
         | drewcoo wrote:
         | Dymaxion map: one island, one ocean.
        
       | HPsquared wrote:
       | https://earth.nullschool.net has a range of different projections
       | available (on top of the main functionality of the site, which is
       | itself a pretty cool map of wind/weather/atmospheric patterns).
       | 
       | The cool thing is that you can pan the map in the different
       | projections, which isn't possible with most maps: most tend to be
       | static images.
        
         | grogenaut wrote:
         | Pretty cool to think about the amount of work going on behind
         | the covers to alter these projections on the fly. And how
         | costly it was to build them originally by hand.
        
           | tony_cannistra wrote:
           | work, sure, but not _that_ much. It's affine transformations
           | / some fast linear algebra, for the most part. Your second
           | point is for sure true, though.
        
             | HPsquared wrote:
             | I wonder if anyone ever came up with an elaborate mechanism
             | connected to a pen.
        
       | omoikane wrote:
       | Obligatory xkcd, with on-topic alt-text: https://xkcd.com/977/
       | 
       | For a more distorted way to see the world, try:
       | http://andersk.mit.edu/euler-spiral-projection/
        
         | jezzamon wrote:
         | It's actually less distorted in some ways :)
        
         | shagie wrote:
         | I'm fond of the Dymaxion (and either the land connected or the
         | ocean connected forms - as applicable) because it has some neat
         | applications showing migratory routes.
         | 
         | My parents have a map of bird migrations and there are some
         | birds that have migratory routes that feel "disjoint" when
         | looking at other projections.
         | 
         | Another example is World map of prehistoric human migrations
         | https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World_map_of_prehist...
        
       | Xen9 wrote:
       | The only distortion is your idea that there's something that is
       | not only an approximation.
        
       | imgabe wrote:
       | This seems to come up a lot lately. I don't see why this matters.
       | If you're doing something like charting a flight path where it
       | actually matters what the real sizes are, I'm sure you have
       | access to the correct information. If you're just going about
       | your normal life as a dental hygienist or something, what
       | difference does it make if Russia is not as big as you assume?
       | 
       | > Are these maps chosen for good reasons and these distortions
       | are a side-effect, or are they purposefully deceitful? Are there
       | better maps we could choose? I'll explore this in the premium
       | article this week. Subscribe to read it!
       | 
       | Ah, I see. It's just bait to drive subscriptions. You can read
       | for free on Wikipedia about why the Mercator projection is useful
       | for navigation.
       | 
       | What is wrong with people that they assume there is some evil
       | cabal of mustache-twisting villains who deliberately make
       | misleading maps?
        
       | 082349872349872 wrote:
       | My current favourite alternative projection is Spilhaus, eg
       | https://porteconomicsmanagement.org/wp-content/uploads/Map-P...
       | 
       | (Edit: now I see TFA mentioned it, just not by name)
        
       | Jun8 wrote:
       | Interesting post with eye opening stats (even after reading many
       | posts like this I'm still amazed at how big Brazil is!)
       | 
       | Another interesting effect maps have on worldview that was not
       | mentioned is the placement of North at the top
       | (https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/questions/7960/why-
       | is...). The fact that in the South of Egypt was referred to as
       | "Upper Egypt" has confused me to no end, since "clearly" it's the
       | bottom part (roughly corresponding to middle part of the current
       | country). This is an interesting example where an important
       | geological feature trumps the maps.
       | 
       | See these interesting answers to get more information about the
       | terms Upper/Lower Egypt:
       | https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/47165/did-egypti...
        
         | divbzero wrote:
         | I always thought Upper/Lower Egypt referred to regions that
         | were upstream/downstream relative to the Nile.
        
         | idlewords wrote:
         | There's a similar phenomenon of terminology creep with language
         | terms like 'High German' and 'Low German'. This nomenclature
         | has been adopted into fantasy literature to suggest a more
         | noble vs. fallen version of some ancient dialect, but all it
         | meant originally is that 'high' speakers were upstream (and
         | therefore uphill) from the 'low' speakers.
        
           | Exoristos wrote:
           | Great example. And the Alemannisch dialect is "hoch hoch
           | Deutsch," or extra-high German, being from way up in the
           | German-speaking Swiss Alps.
        
           | YurgenJurgensen wrote:
           | This is one of those 'common misconceptions' where I hear
           | about its refutation more often than I encounter people who
           | believe the supposed misconception. Much like anything
           | talking about map projections, in fact.
        
             | idlewords wrote:
             | You may need to read more crappy fantasy books. To cite a
             | completely representative example, consider 'High Valyrian'
             | from Game of Thrones
             | https://gameofthrones.fandom.com/wiki/High_Valyrian, a
             | liturgical language that of course is contrasted with Low
             | (or Bastard) Valyrian, a degenerate family of dialects.
        
         | kzrdude wrote:
         | Upper/lower is not weird, if you're used to a country with deep
         | vallies (upper part of valley, lower part of valley, follows
         | the river naming exactly, of course).
        
         | Someone wrote:
         | > This is an interesting example where an important geological
         | feature trumps the maps.
         | 
         | I'm not convinced. Historically, Arabic and Egyptian maps had
         | south on the top (https://muslimheritage.com/maps/)
        
         | philshem wrote:
         | I received a gift from a friend in Uruguay that is from the
         | clockmaker Girosur. The clock runs backwards, rhetorically
         | asking "why is North up?"
         | 
         | https://girosur.com/como-funcionan/
        
           | dredmorbius wrote:
           | "Clockwise" is the angular direction that the shadow of a
           | northern-hemisphere sundial appears to move.
        
             | SamBam wrote:
             | Right, that's one of the points that clock is making.
        
           | fsckboy wrote:
           | one look at that clock and I'm rhetorically convinced, it
           | does no good to reverse things, let's rotate that clockwise
           | and keep north up!
        
         | jeromegv wrote:
         | There was Upper Canada vs Lower Canada. On a map, they were
         | inverted, but it was in reference to the St-Lawrence river and
         | water from the Great Lake. You would first arrive in Lower
         | Canada (from Europe) and keep navigating to reach Upper Canada.
        
         | dredmorbius wrote:
         | European / Levant maps through the mediaeval period frequently
         | placed _east_ at the top of the map. This is where the sun
         | rose, and  "to orient" is "to determine where East lies", and
         | was (for Europeans) the direction toward Jerusalem.
         | 
         | I suspect that north-as-top orientations were strongly
         | influenced by the invention / importation of the magnetic
         | compass.
         | 
         | <https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/58426/why-north-
         | always-m...>
        
         | bentley wrote:
         | Brings to mind one of my favorite _Calvin and Hobbes_ strips:
         | https://www.gocomics.com/calvinandhobbes/1989/08/07
        
       | jgeada wrote:
       | Every flat map projection distorts something, so every projection
       | has to optimize some parameter and trade off other utility. I'm
       | constantly amazed at how hung up people are on apparent size of
       | countries. If size is your thing, use some other projection!
       | 
       | Mercator is and remains popular because it preserves local angles
       | and shapes, which makes it simple use this projection to navigate
       | by rhumb lines (compass headings). Because most maps people are
       | exposed to are designed for navigation, it is the most commonly
       | seen projection. And yes, it distorts size and is largely
       | unusable past about +- 70o latitude. Every map is a compromise.
        
         | bluepod4 wrote:
         | > I'm constantly amazed at how hung up people are on apparent
         | size of countries. If size is your thing, use some other
         | projection!
         | 
         | Hmm. That's not usually how the discourse goes.
         | 
         | It's never "wow, Country X is actually smaller than Country Y.
         | That's terrible."
         | 
         | It usually goes something like "wow, Country X is actually
         | smaller than Country Y. This distorts our worldview and makes
         | us think things we shouldn't have thought. That's terrible."
         | 
         | FWIW, I was amazed in school when I saw a more accurate
         | projection of the size of Europe. I mean, I _knew_ that it was
         | tiny. But my thoughts about Europe definitely changed after
         | seeing the other projection.
         | 
         | Similarly but not size-related, I was amazed to learn that some
         | countries place Asia in the center (and the social/cultural
         | implications of this).
         | 
         | I think you should be more amazed at people who _don't_ care at
         | _all _ about size. Sure, this group might include reasonable
         | people like yourself who are knowledgeable about map
         | distortions and trade offs. But a lot of the "I don't care"
         | group overlaps with the "Africa is a country" group. (Map size
         | "memes" appear on Quora often and the degenerates come out of
         | the woodworks to complain.)
        
           | lm28469 wrote:
           | > But my thoughts about Europe definitely changed after
           | seeing the other projection.
           | 
           | Can you elaborate on that ?
           | 
           | Did you think bigger = better ?
        
           | prepend wrote:
           | > But my thoughts about Europe definitely changed after
           | seeing the other projection.
           | 
           | That's odd. Did you think land mass was somehow really
           | important?
           | 
           | Did you ever check out how small Britain or Spain or Portugal
           | or Netherlands were to the size of their empire.
           | 
           | Do you now think that Indonesia is more important because of
           | its size?
           | 
           | I would expect that revelations about population would be
           | more worldview adjusting (Nigeria and Indonesia are so huge).
        
             | bluepod4 wrote:
             | You have a fixed and narrow definition of what important
             | means.
             | 
             | Importance should change depending on context.
             | 
             | Sure, you are definitely allowed to say that a certain
             | metric (i.e. population size or density) has more practical
             | applications and provides better signal for "blah blah".
             | 
             | But I'm not discussing "blah blah".
        
               | prepend wrote:
               | I'm curious why you think my definition of important is
               | fixed and narrow. I didn't define it and I agree that
               | importance is a factor of context.
               | 
               | I commented that it was curious that someone would think
               | size is so important that learning the true size of
               | countries would change their world view. In that land
               | mass isn't usually very important for political or
               | cultural significance (eg, Canada is huge and that
               | doesn't make it important, Russia is important not
               | because of its size, etc etc).
        
               | bluepod4 wrote:
               | Because you used phrases like "really important" and
               | "more important". It sounds very juvenile.
        
             | goodbyesf wrote:
             | > That's odd. Did you think land mass was somehow really
             | important?
             | 
             | Yes. That and population. Generally, the larger and more
             | populous countries tend to be the most powerful and
             | influential.
             | 
             | > Did you ever check out how small Britain or Spain or
             | Portugal or Netherlands were to the size of their empire.
             | 
             | Ever wonder why britain, spain, portugal and netherlands
             | expanded their landmass by creating their empires? Ever
             | wonder why britain, spain, portugal and netherlands lost
             | their power and influence when they lost their empires and
             | landmass?
             | 
             | > Do you now think that Indonesia is more important because
             | of its size?
             | 
             | Yes along with other reasons - population, geographical
             | location, etc.
        
               | prepend wrote:
               | > Generally, the larger and more populous countries tend
               | to be the most powerful and influential.
               | 
               | But this is obviously not true. Just look at the list of
               | top 10 by GDP and check out how many of them are
               | relatively small.
               | 
               | I mean you have to have natural resources and can't be
               | tiny, but it's not like Germany and Japan are powerful
               | because of their landmass.
               | 
               | I think judging countries by their size is a mistake in
               | rationality and people shouldn't do that. It's only silly
               | people who look at Greenland on a Mercator map and think
               | that they are powerful based on size.
        
               | erwald wrote:
               | > But this is obviously not true. Just look at the list
               | of top 10 by GDP and check out how many of them are
               | relatively small.
               | 
               | There absolutely is a correlation between land mass and
               | nominal GDP.
        
               | zimpenfish wrote:
               | Assuming I've converted [1] and [2] correctly into this
               | SQLite3 database and queried it correctly, not really,
               | no.                   |      name      | gdp_pos |   gdp
               | | land_pos |  land   |         |----------------|--------
               | -|----------|----------|---------|         | United
               | States  | 1       | 26854599 | 4        | 9147593 |
               | | China          | 2       | 19373586 | 3        |
               | 9596961 |         | Japan          | 3       | 4409738  |
               | 62       | 377976  |         | Germany        | 4       |
               | 4308854  | 63       | 357114  |         | India
               | | 5       | 3736882  | 7        | 3287263 |         |
               | United Kingdom | 6       | 3158938  | 79       | 242495
               | |         | France         | 7       | 2923489  | 49
               | | 543940  |         | Italy          | 8       | 2169745
               | | 72       | 301339  |         | Canada         | 9
               | | 2089672  | 2        | 9984670 |         | Brazil
               | | 10      | 2081235  | 5        | 8515767 |
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GD
               | P_(nomi...
               | 
               | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_d
               | ependen...
        
               | dwaltrip wrote:
               | The countries with the 2 highest GDPs, China and the US,
               | are in the top 4 largest countries. India, #5 in GDP, is
               | #7 in area.
               | 
               | I guarantee that if you plot the countries of the world
               | by GDP and area, you will see a trend line.
               | 
               | It also makes sense. More area = higher chance of larger
               | population and more natural resources. And more space to
               | carry out economic activities with said people and
               | resources.
               | 
               | Edit: I just queried Wolfram Alpha about this. It
               | generated a plot for me, which shows what I expected.
               | Check it out: https://www.wolframalpha.com/input?i=list+o
               | f+countries+with+...
               | 
               | Edit2: bonus feature, GPT-4 wrote me a script to plot
               | this also, check it out: https://chat.openai.com/share/ff
               | a45c61-8b7a-44e1-b757-041f31...
        
               | jgeada wrote:
               | Seriously, a loglog plot? Even in that, there is a
               | seriously wide dispersion to your correlation. And then
               | look at the same data on a linear plot.
        
               | dwaltrip wrote:
               | The linear plot in that Wolfram link is messed up. It
               | doesn't show all the data (caps out at 800 billion GDP).
               | Here's a corrected linear plot, from the script that I
               | linked (commenting out the log-log scaling):
               | 
               | https://ibb.co/9bBgwH8
               | 
               | There is clearly a correlation, even on linear. It's a
               | little messy, but it's undeniably there.
               | 
               | The starting point for this discussion was about the
               | relationship between a country's size and population and
               | it's power and influence. The correlation between area
               | and GDP demonstrates that there is a meaningful
               | relationship.
               | 
               | Btw, what is your specific complaint about a log-log
               | plot? Country data points for area and GDP span many
               | orders of magnitude, which makes it harder to visualize
               | any patterns on a linear plot.
               | 
               | I also don't understand your point about the dispersion.
               | The correlation and trend is pretty clear. No one said
               | the correlation was 99%.
               | 
               | Edit: I've calculated Pearson's correlation coefficient
               | for this data [1]. The result is 0.82, which indicates a
               | strong positive correlation.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson_correlation_coe
               | fficien...
        
               | zimpenfish wrote:
               | > The result is 0.82, which indicates a strong positive
               | correlation.
               | 
               | datamash gave me 0.52 for Pearson. Which is "eh, maybe".
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | IIAOPSW wrote:
             | >That's odd. Did you think land mass was somehow really
             | important?
             | 
             | If it wasn't, why was so much of history spent fighting
             | over it?
        
               | prepend wrote:
               | History was spent fighting over valuable resources, not
               | sheer size.
               | 
               | No one fought much over Canada and Siberia and they are
               | huge.
        
           | trhfhxggf wrote:
           | > It usually goes something like "wow, Country X is actually
           | smaller than Country Y. This distorts our worldview and makes
           | us think things we shouldn't have thought. That's terrible."
           | 
           | That's not less stupid than the other statement. It's like
           | looking at your shadow at sunset and thinking, "Wow, I never
           | realized I was 20 feet tall."
        
             | AlecSchueler wrote:
             | > It's like looking at your shadow at sunset and thinking,
             | "Wow, I never realized I was 20 feet tall."
             | 
             | Quite the opposite, no? It's like spending your whole life
             | looking at only your evening shadow (Hello, Plato) and then
             | seeing yourself in a good mirror and realising your actual
             | height relative to the world around you for the first time.
        
               | bluepod4 wrote:
               | Exactly.
        
           | brightlancer wrote:
           | > I think you should be more amazed at people who _don't_
           | care at _all _ about size. Sure, this group might include
           | reasonable people like yourself who are knowledgeable about
           | map distortions and trade offs. But a lot of the "I don't
           | care" group overlaps with the "Africa is a country" group.
           | 
           | On what are you basing it?
           | 
           | IME, almost nobody cares. Even folks who like maps (e.g. me)
           | "don't care" in most cases, because flat maps will have
           | distortions.
           | 
           | AFAICT, the people who really care about these distortions
           | are folks who have political agendas and like to sling ad
           | hominems around, such as "Folks who don't care are morons or
           | racists."
           | 
           | So again:
           | 
           | > But a lot of the "I don't care" group overlaps with the
           | "Africa is a country" group.
           | 
           | On what are you basing that?
        
             | bluepod4 wrote:
             | I was basing it off of "IME" and "AFAICT" similar to what
             | you just did in your own ad hominem attack ironically. I
             | don't tend to preface things like that when commenting and
             | usually I assume this when reading comments online. I used
             | to write "anecdotally" but it's 2023.
             | 
             | https://itsoktobewhite.quora.com/
             | 
             | On Quora, there's a "group" sort of like a subreddit titled
             | "It's OK to be White". There's about 35k people who follow
             | it. Their mission is to "uplift White cultures and oppose
             | anti-White racism".
             | 
             | Like I already said in my previous comment (so you didn't
             | need to ask twice what I was basing it off of), people
             | often post map distortion memes on Quora and these other
             | people from that group come out of the woodworks to
             | complain. These memes aren't even posted in that group. And
             | I wish I could say that it's just these weirdos on Quora
             | that act like this. But no. I've seen it on Instagram. On
             | Facebook. I've heard it in real life. It's a thing that
             | bothers a certain demographic of people. While it's not a
             | "major" thing and shouldn't matter, it's still a thing that
             | I tend to see often.
             | 
             | I see there's miscommunication here though. I do agree with
             | you that most people "don't care". That's the phrase we
             | have been using. What you are saying and what I also
             | believe is that most people are "map agnostic" for lack of
             | a better phrase. They don't care in that sense. Like life
             | is too short. It's just a map.
             | 
             | But when I used the phrase "don't care" and added
             | underscores around it and the words "at all" in my comments
             | yesterday, I was referring to people who have _strong_ and
             | _negative_ opinions about not caring.
             | 
             | For example, OP said that he was _constantly amazed_. And
             | the other language he used evoked that he was
             | "flabbergasted" that people care about map distortions. (Do
             | you see how this is a different definition of "don't
             | care"?)
             | 
             | The language he was using and the emotions involved
             | "mirrored" the language and emotions that I see on Quora
             | and hear in real life from that specific group of people.
             | 
             | You're right. I don't have any concrete data or surveys or
             | experiments or a sentiment analysis to show that those
             | groups overlap. I was just basing it off of being alive for
             | 30+ years, living in different countries, having a brain,
             | etc.
             | 
             | (Also, there's nothing wrong with calling someone a moron
             | and/or a racist lol. The two groups usually overlap. Oops I
             | did it again!)
        
         | triyambakam wrote:
         | Mercator just has an embedded momentum, it isn't somehow
         | superior to other projections. Why do some people still use
         | tech X when tech Y exists? Momentum, resistance to change, etc.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | samtho wrote:
         | I doubt people are actively giving less value or worth to
         | places that appear smaller on the map. Additionally, the
         | majority of people just don't have a concrete frame of
         | reference of distances beyond how far we can see. As such, the
         | only real exposure to vast distances at the scale of continents
         | is going to be via maps, unless you have the privilege of being
         | in LEO. It's pretty rare that flat projection is useful for
         | anything except trivial, surface information paired with the
         | sort of infantilizing teaching that prompts students into
         | pointing to their home country. If this is your only exposure
         | to the world, it's easy to see how you will begin to assign
         | some value at a subconscious level. Any indirect representation
         | of something larger is going to be a compromise based on the
         | needs of the application, but we can do better than the flat
         | projection just from a UX level.
        
         | coldtea wrote:
         | > _If size is your thing, use some other projection!_
         | 
         | They're not complaining about what they can use for themselves.
         | 
         | They are complaining about what is in mainstream use (in
         | schools, websites, books, documentaries, and so on) and thus
         | what kinds of perception people get.
        
         | bmitc wrote:
         | > I'm constantly amazed at how hung up people are on apparent
         | size of countries.
         | 
         | Something that jumps out at me with the size is that the arctic
         | regions are often viewed as huge and massive. However, when
         | viewed with their true size, it greatly highlights just how
         | fragile they are.
        
         | garbagecoder wrote:
         | Also 80% of the population lives in the northern hemisphere.
         | It's not an evil scheme to cheat the 20% who live down there.
        
           | andsoitis wrote:
           | > Also 80% of the population lives in the northern
           | hemisphere. It's not an evil scheme to cheat the 20% who live
           | down there.
           | 
           | Actually 90%!
        
         | awongh wrote:
         | I feel like you actually stated the problem but then glossed
         | over it.
         | 
         | Mercator is UX optimized for _naval navigation_. Besides street
         | navigation (where projection is irrelevant) I would posit that
         | most people use maps for human geography reasons- what
         | countries are next to Senegal, what kind of border does
         | Thailand have with Malaysia, etc.
         | 
         | In the use case of understanding geopolitical borders Mercator
         | isn't optimized for that.
         | 
         | Asking why people are dissatisfied with mercator is like asking
         | why my grandma is dissatisfied with the command line interface
         | on the Linux laptop I got her. Doesn't she know it's the best
         | for programmers??
         | 
         | Why are we trading off the accuracy of political borders for
         | navigating by rhumb lines?
         | 
         | I personally feel like a better projection would be one that
         | basically ignored or distorted the oceans. On google maps
         | there's no reasons why the proportions of the Atlantic or
         | Pacific would be relevant.
        
           | adammarples wrote:
           | Well, what do you mean, the "accuracy" of political borders?
           | Again, they're all inaccurate, just in different ways. Are
           | you optimizing for length of border, or curvature, or
           | orientation? Better nearer or further from the pole? Arguably
           | there are far more borders nearer the equator than far from
           | it, Africa has hundreds. And the Mercator projection does
           | pretty much the best job at representing political borders
           | length and orientation within Africa than any other.
        
             | awongh wrote:
             | I'm thinking about accuracy when looking at google maps.
             | 
             | So do you mean that the length and orientation of the
             | borders is the least distorted with the Mercator
             | projection?
             | 
             | I'm actually not sure how a different projection would
             | distort a country's border. But for example I'm not putting
             | a ruler against my screen and I don't know if I need to
             | know if a border is oriented North or not.
             | 
             | Mostly my point is, are we rendering maps for real users'
             | use cases or backwards rationalizing the status quo?
             | Besides the level of effort that would be involved in
             | changing it, can't think of any real defense of the use
             | Mercator projection itself in its current context.
             | 
             | Some other comments references street maps that are grids,
             | so a non-mercator projection would bend a grid of streets-
             | this makes sense- but again, the main critique is around
             | the relative size of countries- i.e. the look of the map
             | tiles only when zoomed out sufficiently far. Maybe this is
             | the main UX hurdle- in google maps to change the projection
             | above some level of zoom.
        
         | ksec wrote:
         | I wonder if Projection of Earth is the wrong way to do a map
         | for average person. Where we dont use it for navigation.
         | 
         | I want relative size of everything to be mostly correct. But I
         | could take Africa being 5-10% smaller simply because of its
         | relative size.
         | 
         | All while the East and West of Cities to be accurate. i.e ALL
         | of continental South America lies east of the state of
         | Michigan.
        
         | shard wrote:
         | Every chance I get I try to promote the Cahill-Keys projection.
         | Not only does it better preserve area and reminds you that the
         | earth is a sphere, it is also one of the more esthetically
         | pleasing projections out there.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahill%E2%80%93Keyes_project...
        
         | throwaway290 wrote:
         | The worst argument. These days how many people navigate by
         | compass headings vs how many people base personal and policy
         | decisions due to distorted view of the planet which downsizes
         | planet's oceans and puts the great pacific garbage patch at the
         | far edge of the map, out of sight out of mind?
         | 
         |  _Just_ use another projection? Mercator is everywhere, nothing
         | else.
         | 
         | And yes, size of countries is important too (eg. how people
         | fear Russia because it seems large and discount the importance
         | of Africa because it's next to the equator).
        
           | bentley wrote:
           | > _Just_ use another projection? Mercator is everywhere,
           | nothing else.
           | 
           | What an exaggeration. Mercator may be the most common, but
           | Winkel and Alders are both commonly encountered in the United
           | States.
        
         | eddythompson80 wrote:
         | > Every flat map projection distorts something, so every
         | projection has to optimize some parameter and trade off other
         | utility. I'm constantly amazed at how hung up people are on
         | apparent size of countries. If size is your thing, use some
         | other projection!
         | 
         | That's the point of the post. The trade-offs between different
         | projections are rarely discussed, considered or even mentioned
         | outside very small cohorts because there is a specific shape of
         | the world map that most people who are not map-heads or
         | spherical projection experts take for guaranteed. Get a non-
         | Mercator projection map and put it in your dinner room, and
         | then see how many of your guests will comment about "so.. why
         | is this map weird? It doesn't look right?" then tell them
         | "every flat map projection distorts [...]"
         | 
         | > Mercator is and remains popular because it preserves local
         | angles and shapes, which makes it simple use this projection to
         | navigate by rhumb lines (compass headings). Because most maps
         | people are exposed to are designed for navigation, it is the
         | most commonly seen projection. And yes, it distorts size and is
         | largely unusable past about +- 70o latitude. Every map is a
         | compromise.
         | 
         | Out of the millions of decorative world maps on walls, kids
         | with maps to learn the world, world maps on the news, maps used
         | in data visualization charts etc., non of those are using the
         | map for "navigation" yet they still use Mercator projection
         | simply because "that's the right shape of the world" regardless
         | of what "right" means. Not because they evaluated the
         | compromises of the different projections and figures "oh maybe
         | someone will be lost at sea and only have access to our GDP per
         | capita world map visualization, better use Mercator projection
         | to preserve local angles and line up with compass headings"
        
           | gsich wrote:
           | I think most people know what a globe is. And that a globe is
           | not a 2D map, even though they might not be able to
           | articulate that.
        
           | the_af wrote:
           | > _Get a non-Mercator projection map and put it in your
           | dinner room, and then see how many of your guests will
           | comment about "so.. why is this map weird? It doesn't look
           | right?" then tell them "every flat map projection distorts
           | [...]"_
           | 
           | This is actually a pretty cool conversation topic during
           | dinner. I would take the opportunity to show off. It doesn't
           | have to be a downside. "Hey, did you know that [interesting
           | stuff]...?".
           | 
           | If your guests are the kind of people who get irritated
           | instead of awed by cool explanations about the world, I admit
           | _then_ you have a problem.
        
             | eddythompson80 wrote:
             | yeah, I think it would be an interesting discussion topic.
             | Especially if you could show the 6th figure from that post
             | (the one showing the 7,500km distortion). It just depends
             | on how you put it. OPs remarks were condescending as if the
             | only reason to bring this up is "because of size hang ups"
             | as oppose to "bring this up to question your own basic
             | wrong assumptions about the world"
             | 
             | It's far from common knowledge or a well known fact that
             | the only reason the World Map looks the way it looks is
             | just an arbitrary projection type that's picked for equally
             | arbitrary reasons. Because as I mentioned, compass
             | navigation is hardly the only map use-case. It may have
             | originally started that way in the 1,200s or whatever, but
             | today we use maps for all sorts of visualizations and other
             | things. And the assumption that "Mercator projection" is
             | the "right" shape of the world is held by most not because
             | they have "size hang ups" but because it's just the way it
             | is. Just like any assumption you hold that you never
             | question because there is no reason to question it really.
        
               | dontupvoteme wrote:
               | Is it that surprising/arbitrary though?
               | 
               | 1. It's very useful for sailing
               | 
               | 2. European nations who were good at sailing created the
               | age of empires (yes this was a bad thing)
               | 
               | 3. These empires persisted until the end of WW2 (1945) or
               | arguably even the Suez crisis (1956) at which point the
               | American/Soviet world order began
               | 
               | Changing a map is changing everyone's internal worldview,
               | and for obvious reason empires were not about to allow
               | such a massive change unless they had a good reason[0] so
               | It's really only been about 80 years and most of them we
               | were at war with the Soviets, so when we thought about
               | maps, we thought about if they were red or star spangled,
               | not which projection.
               | 
               | I'm not saying it's right or wrong, I'm just not at all
               | surprised we have the "original" one.
               | 
               | 0 - I could easily see an alternate history where e.g.
               | the Spanish and/or Portugese use a different one if it
               | makes them look "better" than the English, or vice versa.
               | Now i'm curious of what projection could be 'anglo/iberi-
               | maximal'
        
           | thrashh wrote:
           | People have a problem with this post and these kind of posts
           | because they imply it was deliberately done for evil reasons.
           | 
           | The point of any article isn't just its factual content; it's
           | the hidden message from the way it's said. I don't know if
           | you intended to say it the way you did when you started off
           | with the comment about poverty in the first two sentences,
           | but by doing so, you set the tone for the rest of your
           | article. (You also didn't expand on that tidbit so it kind of
           | leaves your audience wondering why you mentioned it.)
           | 
           | I like the rest of the article though.
        
             | nilmask wrote:
             | > People have a problem
             | 
             | Why do you presuppose that others infer & arrive at the
             | same interpretations you do? Isn't your own form of
             | generalization from the subjective inferences made from
             | your own individual mind, to the thoughts of others,
             | presumptuous?
             | 
             | I'm getting tired of the progressive tendency to read
             | offence, bigotry, racism, sexism, transphobia, etc. into
             | every little word & minutiae of nuance uttered by others.
             | It's on the verge of induced pareidolia for outrage &
             | victimhood.
             | 
             | Do you reside or hail from one of the aforementioned
             | countries, or are you merely "signal boosting" and getting
             | outraged on their behalf?
        
               | TheBigSalad wrote:
               | Did you read the post? I didn't think it was too subtle.
               | Especially because it was so out of place.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | nilmask wrote:
               | Maybe we are using different maps of this literary
               | territory.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > Why do you presuppose that others infer & arrive at the
               | same interpretations you do? Isn't your own form of
               | generalization from the subjective inferences made from
               | your own individual mind, to the thoughts of others,
               | presumptuous?
               | 
               | No, you're just being stupid.
               | 
               | This isn't a new issue. There's an episode of _The West
               | Wing_ about the evils of the Mercator projection. It
               | aired 22 years ago.
               | 
               | When you write an essay doing nothing more than repeating
               | a several-decades-old cliche, people are going to assume
               | you don't have anything to say other than the content of
               | the cliche they heard decades ago. And they will be
               | right.
        
             | pseudalopex wrote:
             | Probably eddythompson80 is not Tomas Pueyo.
             | 
             | The comment about poverty was compatible with believing it
             | was deliberate and evil, careless, or excusable but
             | unfortunate.
        
             | nerdbert wrote:
             | It's unlikely that it was deliberately done for evil
             | reasons.
             | 
             | However it contributes to a misunderstanding that may in
             | some way favor richer countries, and that could be a reason
             | why nobody's trying very hard to focus kids' exposure on
             | more accurate maps.
             | 
             | The mechanism I'm alluding to is a sense that "this place
             | is very big, and so it's reasonable that it controls more
             | than other places." It's not a highly-developed
             | intellectual analysis, but more of a gut-level conception
             | that informs casual interpretation of news and events.
        
           | prepend wrote:
           | > That's the point of the post.
           | 
           | I lost it in the post. Whenever I hear the "crisis" part
           | presented without the perfectly rational explanation I get
           | frustrated and spend more time trying to figure out if this
           | is a problem.
           | 
           | Saying "maps distort the way we see the world" is a problem
           | unless you immediately follow it with "and that's ok
           | because..."
           | 
           | Otherwise we waste time on stuff like "eyeballs distort the
           | way we see the world" when it's true but not an issue at all.
           | 
           | Especially since the first paragraph mentions how countries
           | closer to the equator tend to be poorer. As if that's somehow
           | relevant.
        
             | thfuran wrote:
             | I don't understand what you're saying. The article doesn't
             | present this as a crisis. It doesn't really make sense to
             | say it's okay or not okay, except insofar as anything that
             | isn't an existential threat is okay, I suppose.
        
               | p0pcult wrote:
               | The second sentence of the article strongly implies some
               | nefarious concentration of power and wealth among the
               | globally powerful countries is at the root of the
               | popularity of mercator projections.
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | Well, they is a "nefarious concentration of power and
               | wealth among the globally powerful countries". And the
               | Mercator projection does suit them practically, and shows
               | their countries bigger than they are, so...
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | So...?
        
               | usrbinbash wrote:
               | > And the Mercator projection does suit them practically,
               | and shows their countries bigger than they are, so...
               | 
               | So what?
               | 
               | Do these countries become more powerful, richer, or have
               | more resources than others because they are represented
               | bigger on a common map projection? If so, then let's just
               | hope that our new overlords from the Antarctican
               | Coalition are benign emperors :D
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | > _Do these countries become more powerful, richer, or
               | have more resources than others because they are
               | represented bigger on a common map projection?_
               | 
               | No. They become so by colonizing and stealing other's
               | resources. Then the map projections that are convenient
               | for them, are imposed upon the rest of humanity.
               | 
               | This, among other legitimate uses, has the side-benefit
               | for them of presenting said countries as larger than they
               | are, and thus being one more way to subconsciously hammer
               | onto everybody their superiority at that level too...
        
               | usrbinbash wrote:
               | > They become so by colonizing and stealing other's
               | resources.
               | 
               | Pretty sure all of the former colonies are independent
               | nations by now, and have been for more than a generation.
               | 
               | > Then the map projections that are convenient for them,
               | are imposed upon the rest of humanity.
               | 
               | Excuse me? Who is imposing what on whom now, and how?
               | 
               | Last time I checked, everyone is free to use whatever map
               | projection they want, centered on whatever point of the
               | globe they want. Or they can use an actual globe.
               | 
               | > has the side-benefit for them of presenting said
               | countries as larger than they are, and thus being one
               | more way to subconsciously hammer onto everybody their
               | superiority at that level too...
               | 
               | Yeah, pretty sure I don't perceive Antarctica as some
               | kind of superior super-nation. Or greenland, although I
               | gotta say, it's a really cool place, especially during
               | summer.
        
               | p0pcult wrote:
               | [dead]
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | That is entirely on you tho. Becasuse that sentence does
               | not imply anything about concentration of power nor about
               | globally powerful countries and even nothing about origin
               | of popularity of mercator projections.
               | 
               | It does imply that poor countries around equator are
               | bigger then they look like. That is it.
        
               | aydyn wrote:
               | It literally does. Dont play ignorant.
        
             | cebsoto wrote:
             | I read it as the post is simply pointing out something that
             | a large percentage of the population was not even aware
             | about. I don't think it goes any deeper than that.
        
               | prepend wrote:
               | Why is it important that poor people live near the
               | equator? I expect that a large part of the population is
               | aware of this fact.
               | 
               | So bringing it up doesn't contribute to the article and
               | is a bit off in the article. Why not mention that the
               | days are longer in the summer away from the equator. Or
               | they people near the equator have darker pigment. Or many
               | other true but irrelevant facts.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | Because the equator in the Mercator projection is the
               | closest to "true size"...which means that the wealthier
               | nations, well above that, are in fact exacerbated in
               | apparent land mass.
               | 
               | I like this site[1] for showing the true size of
               | countries on a standard projection. Look at how much the
               | US actually changes in size when you move it's latitude
               | even a little.
               | 
               | Like it or not, the perception of scale of a problem is
               | linked to apparent size - Africa _looks_ smaller then it
               | is, whereas the European countries look a lot larger then
               | they are. When we talk about a problem affecting
               | somewhere, the idea that  "most of the world is
               | experiencing it" is contraindicated by our maps even if
               | only subconsciously.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.thetruesize.com/#?borders=1~!MTc0MzY1MDE.
               | NTAzNDg...
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | Nobody looks at a map before saying "most of the world is
               | experiencing X". This is a fantasy straw man.
        
               | InSteady wrote:
               | No one claimed people do this. You have created a straw
               | man-ception. Our awareness of the world is informed by
               | distorted maps, even if it only impacts us
               | subconsciously.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | No it's not. Nobody cares about Greenland despite it
               | being larger than all of Europe on the projection.
        
               | darkwater wrote:
               | Well I actually used to think - before being educated
               | about map constraints and the Mercator projection - that
               | "Wow Greenland is HUGE".
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | How old were you when you learned that though? I thought
               | the same thing until we were shown why it's misleading in
               | like the 4th grade.
        
               | fifafifi wrote:
               | Greenland is not Africa. But you don't sound like you are
               | interested in civil, fair discussion so I won't bother
               | wasting more time than this. Look up Critical Cartography
               | if you want to learn.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | > Greenland is not Africa.
               | 
               | I don't think you are getting what I'm saying. Greenland
               | is larger than countries we spend far more time obsessing
               | over with history lessons.
               | 
               | Importance in education and subsequently people's mental
               | models is not at all driven by size on the projection.
               | It's a dumb theory not backed by any real research.
        
               | ithkuil wrote:
               | > if you want to learn.
               | 
               | Consider saying "If you want to learn more about it".
               | 
               | Saying only "if you want to learn" is condescending and
               | patronizing and is a thing those imperialists living in
               | the northern hemisphere do.
        
               | nerdbert wrote:
               | Obviously not. And nobody said that. Talk about straw
               | men.
               | 
               | People have internalized a sense of the relative sizes of
               | different countries, and that internal representation is
               | what they refer to.
        
               | tbrownaw wrote:
               | The obvious implication made by mentioning it is that
               | it's somehow connected.
               | 
               | Maybe the future article will try to claim that we like
               | Mercator because it matches apparent size to importance.
               | 
               | Maybe it'll try to claim that wealth differences are
               | _caused by_ different apparent size.
               | 
               | With the current fashion being to see all inequalities as
               | imposed by force, the later seems more likely.
               | 
               | .
               | 
               | ... And since the date on the post is a couple months
               | ago, I looked for that follow up and it was two days
               | later but mostly paywalled:
               | https://unchartedterritories.tomaspueyo.com/p/are-maps-
               | decei...
               | 
               | The blurb at least sounds like it is indeed exploring
               | that second option, but the meat of whatever argument and
               | conclusion isn't public.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | the_af wrote:
             | The poor countries claim has a footnote and a promise to
             | explore it in another article. It doesn't say anything
             | further about this.
             | 
             | The article also doesn't answer whether the distortions are
             | intentional, a side-effect, a trade-off, or a combination
             | of some of this. The author promises a follow-up article,
             | unfortunately a "premium" one which I suppose you must pay
             | for (edit: sadly, it's paywalled:
             | https://unchartedterritories.tomaspueyo.com/p/are-maps-
             | decei...)
        
           | melagonster wrote:
           | this almost like we should use another map in school. but I
           | sure this is contained in geology of high school.
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | Map projection trade-offs are discussed a lot. I studied it
           | at school, I can't count the number of "do you realize how
           | big country X compared to country Y" articles, (the one
           | linked here is a good one btw) and it often pops up in trivia
           | questions. Everyone has seen a globe, and non-Mercator maps
           | are everywhere. Famously on National Geographics.
           | 
           | Also, using a (truncated) Mercator projection for a GDP per
           | capita map (or any political map that isn't about land mass)
           | is not a bad idea as its most notorious flaw becomes an
           | advantage because coincidently, it tends to enlarge small
           | countries and shrink large countries, which makes for a more
           | readable map.
        
             | littlestymaar wrote:
             | > it tends to enlarge small countries and shrink large
             | countries, which makes for a more readable map.
             | 
             | It enlarges the two biggest countries in the World (Russian
             | and Canada) while shrinking central American and central
             | African countries that aren't particularly big to say the
             | least...
        
           | kortilla wrote:
           | The faux outrage is hard to take. I grew up with the chopped
           | up non Mercator maps and nobody cared looking at one or
           | another.
           | 
           | It was called out multiple times in my geography glasses in
           | the 80s that the flat contiguous map was wrong and we spent
           | lots of time looking at globes and North or South Pole
           | centered maps.
           | 
           | Nobody is being oppressed or underrepresented by this
           | projection. This isn't an episode of the west wing.
        
           | usrbinbash wrote:
           | > The trade-offs between different projections are rarely
           | discussed
           | 
           | And?
           | 
           | The trade-offs between longpolling and websockets are rarely
           | discussed outside of very small cohorts. The tradeoff between
           | wankel-engines and piston-based motors are rarely discussed.
           | The tradeoffs between oak and pearwood are rarely discussed.
           | 
           | That's why our society has division of labor and people
           | becoming experts in their topics.
           | 
           | And I am pretty sure experts on cartography have discussed
           | the different merits and tradeoffs and converged on Mercator
           | for a reason. I don't know what that reason is, and I don't
           | care. It works, I can use it, and as long as no one can point
           | out a tangible problem with it, I see no reason to worry
           | about it. Same as the cartographer doesn't need to know or
           | care why I decided that the chatapp he installed uses
           | longpolling to communicate with the backend instead of a
           | websocket. Same as I don't need to know or care why the
           | carpenter who made my desk used oak instead of pear or
           | rosewood.
           | 
           | And seeing countries as smaller or bigger than they are isn't
           | a problem in my eyes. I can reasonably expect an educated
           | person to know that maps are 3D->2D projections and are thus
           | distorted. If I want to know the exact size, I can always
           | look it up. I don't have a more or less favourable view of a
           | country or its people based on the countries apparent size on
           | a map.
        
             | sicariusnoctis wrote:
             | The issue isn't possible bias on the part of educated
             | cartographers and differential geometers. It's the bias of
             | the majority, i.e. everyone else, that matters. A vast
             | majority of people in the "Western world" perceive their
             | countries as being bigger than they are. Thus from a
             | primal, tribal perspective this further inflates their
             | perception of "their peoples" being more important than the
             | peoples of other areas.
        
               | usrbinbash wrote:
               | > Thus from a primal, tribal perspective this further
               | inflates their perception of "their peoples" being more
               | important than the peoples of other areas.
               | 
               | And now I would like to see some data, peer reviewed
               | study, or similarly supported source for this statement.
               | 
               | Because I don't see many people claiming that greenland
               | or antarctica are super important powerhouses in the
               | world.
        
               | sicariusnoctis wrote:
               | Nearly no one inhabits Greenland and Antarctica, which
               | might help explain why the only visible _relative_
               | increase in Arctic /Antarctic nationalism comes from
               | enthusiastic polar bears and mildly racist penguins.
               | 
               | I'm not sure there could even exist a particularly
               | satisfying source for this. One of the issues with "soft"
               | sciences is that it can be quite tricky to measure any
               | effects, much less design a viable study that
               | demonstrates causation.
               | 
               | I suppose a social scientist (i.e., not me) could support
               | this claim using ideas from psychology or finding related
               | studies. But I doubt anything will ever be particularly
               | convincing unless we lived in a universe where people
               | told the objective truth and a mandatory survey was asked
               | with the explicit question, "Have the distortions induced
               | by map projections influenced your beliefs regarding
               | people in other countries?"
        
               | bentley wrote:
               | > A vast majority of people in the "Western world"
               | perceive their countries as being bigger than they are.
               | Thus from a primal, tribal perspective this further
               | inflates their perception of "their peoples" being more
               | important than the peoples of other areas.
               | 
               | That's a fun hypothesis, but is there actually data
               | supporting (1) that "a vast majority" of westerners
               | misperceive country size in this way, and (2) that
               | specifically such a perception causes them to consider
               | foreigners to be unimportant?
               | 
               | Although implicit bias exists, studies show its impact on
               | the real world is much smaller than commonly believed.
        
           | mc32 wrote:
           | You know whose problem this is. The map buyer/owner. They can
           | buy whatever projection fits their fancy. I happen to have
           | Robinson projections at home because I don't prefer the
           | cylindrical projection. I used to have homolosine projections
           | but they were funky in other ways. Preferably people would
           | have a Globe and also have some flat projections.
        
           | ecshafer wrote:
           | The problem with these kind of posts is that they also ignore
           | the existence of globes. No one should be surprised by the
           | "size" of any country because globes already exist which are
           | a pretty close to true representation.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | kadoban wrote:
             | Globes are a lot more rare than maps.
        
           | JackFr wrote:
           | > The trade-offs between different projections are rarely
           | discussed, considered or even mentioned outside very small
           | cohorts
           | 
           | Not true. They're honestly discussed all the time to the
           | point of becoming tiresome.
        
             | Nursie wrote:
             | This is certainly not the first time I've seen the topic on
             | HN...
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32532282
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25104787
             | 
             | And it was something we covered in school on the 80s.
             | 
             | It's an interesting post but not really revelatory.
        
             | snoman wrote:
             | Right? Is there a person above 25 that hasn't seen the
             | episode (or clip) from The West Wing about map projections
             | at this point?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | DirkH wrote:
               | As an adult I was shocked to find out how the projection
               | I grew up with altered my perception of my poverty-
               | stricken country. I had no idea for my entire life that
               | it was so much larger than other countries on the map I
               | thought were larger. I doubt I am rare here at all.
               | 
               | And I have no idea what "The West Wing" is. And I doubt I
               | am rare here at all also.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | It is a TV show from 1999 that centered on the literal
               | office of the same name that the US President holds court
               | in.
        
               | Agentlien wrote:
               | I'm in my thirties and I've never even heard of that
               | show. I'm from Sweden, by the way.
        
               | resolutebat wrote:
               | I'd like to think you're being ironic here, but I suspect
               | you're not, so no: the vast majority of the world is
               | outside the US and has not, in fact, seen an obscure
               | episode of a TV drama about American politics.
               | 
               | For others who haven't, here it is: https://youtu.be/vVX-
               | PrBRtTY
               | 
               | Although the projection it proclaims as superior, Gall-
               | Peters, has grievous flaws of its own.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gall%E2%80%93Peters_project
               | ion
        
               | dwaltrip wrote:
               | I just learned about the equal earth projection, which
               | was apparently invented very recently in 2023. It's the
               | best looking equal area projection I've seen.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Earth_projection
        
               | dwaltrip wrote:
               | Ah, oops, that should say 2018, not 2023.
        
             | marc_abonce wrote:
             | I've seen this type of post/thread many times, and yet I
             | still learn something new every time.
             | 
             | For example, I'd never noticed until today that so much of
             | Scotland is actually west of England because Great Britain
             | doesn't actually go straight-up north to south but is
             | rather "tilted".
             | 
             | I also didn't know that Papua was so big, before today I
             | wondered how could there be so much linguistic diversity in
             | what I though was a medium sized island.
             | 
             | So I don't mind the geography trivia from time to time.
        
               | KineticLensman wrote:
               | > For example, I'd never noticed until today that so much
               | of Scotland is actually west of England because Great
               | Britain doesn't actually go straight-up north to south
               | but is rather "tilted".
               | 
               | Even as a Brit this sometimes catches me out. I live near
               | Bournemouth which is approx in the middle of the south
               | coast of England. If I draw a straight line due North,
               | it's only just inside Scotland. ALL of Scotland is west
               | of London.
               | 
               | Unrelatedly, the other amusing fact is that when the ISS
               | goes overhead (256 miles high at perigee), it is much
               | closer to me than Glasgow (450 miles away).
        
           | zokier wrote:
           | > Out of the millions of decorative world maps on walls, kids
           | with maps to learn the world, world maps on the news, maps
           | used in data visualization charts etc., non of those are
           | using the map for "navigation" yet they still use Mercator
           | projection simply because "that's the right shape of the
           | world" regardless of what "right" means
           | 
           | I question what percentage of those maps in reality are
           | actually Mercator? I feel this is one of those strawman memes
           | that mercator is everywhere, when in practice it feels
           | relatively rare to actually encounter it.
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | The kiddy maps my kids had were using mercator projection.
             | And I am pretty solid that it was because that is "the
             | right shape of the world". The map was not meant for
             | navigation, it was meant to display funny pictures about
             | countries and maybe teach the kid countries exists if kid
             | bothers. It was made by an artist after all, not by
             | cartographer.
        
             | m2fkxy wrote:
             | Agree. Most of the general-public wall maps I see out there
             | use equal-area projs.
        
               | zztop44 wrote:
               | Really? In my entire lifetime I've seen maybe five?
               | Including the one hanging up in my childhood home. Even
               | Google Maps uses Mercator by default.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | cityofdelusion wrote:
               | I wonder how much location bias affects this. I also grew
               | up with basically only seeing equal-area projections and
               | globes -- that's just what my school district used. It
               | was weird seeing all the online memes about Mercator when
               | I grew up never seeing it, heh.
        
               | rusticpenn wrote:
               | I had mostly seen this projection, until i grew up.
               | 
               | https://www.nationsonline.org/maps/Political-World-
               | Map-3360....
        
               | DirkH wrote:
               | What country do you live in? If I visit there I'll look
               | out for them because I see equal-area projs like never.
               | Even the decorative one in my room right now clearly has
               | Greenland look more than half the size of all of Africa.
        
         | mc32 wrote:
         | The biggest miss on maps (and no fault of cartography, as there
         | is no way to represent this well) is height and depth. The
         | heights of mountains and the depths of water --it's hard to
         | understand how shallow bodies of water are when compares to
         | linear distances: the deepest part of the ocean is less
         | distance linearly than the width of the city of SF.
        
         | poulpy123 wrote:
         | And also Mercator remains popular because everyone is used to
         | it and nobody actually cares that Greenland isn't really half
         | the size of africa
        
         | graypegg wrote:
         | Exactly! This article mostly avoids it but the usual popsci
         | refrain of "the map you know is WRONG" is a pet peeve of mine!
         | It's not like one projection is any worse than another, as long
         | as they are useful for the context it's designed for. Maps are
         | diagrams!
        
           | tony_cannistra wrote:
           | and all maps are WRONG
        
         | frankfrankfrank wrote:
         | I think that obsession you are referring to is part of a far
         | larger mental illness that is coursing through European minds
         | and cultures; the constant, compulsive obsession with trying to
         | find the most obscure and ridiculous reasons, causes, and
         | excuses for how brown people are Noble Savage victims and
         | Europeans must hate themselves.
         | 
         | This time the reason why Europeans must hate and destroy
         | themselves is ... _spins the wheel_ ... that maps are flat and
         | the planet is not.
         | 
         | European people and culture all over that planet is very
         | mentally sick and self-destructive. Any individual person that
         | exhibited even slightly as mentally ill mentalities as
         | Europeans, we would immediately seek help for them.
        
           | fifafifi wrote:
           | It's dangerous to be alone, take this:
           | https://findtreatment.gov/
           | 
           | Maybe also https://www.apa.org/topics/racism-bias-
           | discrimination
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | Even those plastic vacuformed relief maps distorts things...
         | otherwise you probably wouldn't notice the mountains.
        
         | nathan_compton wrote:
         | "Because most maps people are exposed to are designed for
         | navigation." Most maps people are exposed to aren't being used
         | for navigation, but for education (at least where the question
         | of the Mercator projection is concerned).
         | 
         | People are naturally hung up on it because why use a projection
         | which is useful for navigation in a _world history class_ or as
         | a background image in a news cast or as a decoration on the
         | wall?
         | 
         | "If size is your thing, use some other projection!" This is
         | basically exactly what the people "hung up" on the Mercator
         | projection are saying! We should be using other projections! It
         | seems a totally reasonable thing to point out to me.
        
           | bentley wrote:
           | > People are naturally hung up on it because why use a
           | projection which is useful for navigation in a _world history
           | class_ or as a background image in a news cast or as a
           | decoration on the wall?
           | 
           |  _Are_ world history classes favoring Mercator? _Are_
           | newscasts using Mercator in background images? _Are_ wall
           | maps using primarily Mercator? (These may have differing
           | answers!)
           | 
           | As a kid I often encountered oval-shaped world maps which
           | obviously weren't Mercator (most likely Robinson or Winkel
           | tripel). And road maps of the United States had curved
           | borders, not straight borders, so those obviously weren't
           | Mercator either (possibly Alders). And I had globes both at
           | home and at school. So while Mercator is certainly common,
           | and it's worth explaining tradeoffs in map projection
           | especially in an educational context, I question whether it's
           | actually as universal as people here are saying.
           | 
           | > We should be using other projections!
           | 
           | Are we not?
        
             | nathan_compton wrote:
             | If you ask an american to imagine a world map, they are
             | imagining the mercator projection if they can imagine
             | anything at all.
        
               | bentley wrote:
               | Your "nuh-uh" is a weak response to an American anecdote.
        
               | nathan_compton wrote:
               | Can't argue with that.
        
         | eevilspock wrote:
         | Feels like you're pretending that Amero-Eurocentrism is not a
         | thing, that there is no agenda or bias to be examined or
         | criticized.
         | 
         | If you've ever played Risk, the Amero-Eurocentrism is extreme.
         | 
         | https://cdn.matthewhaeck.com/content/images/2015/02/risk.jpg
         | 
         | https://freeprintableaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/risk-...
         | 
         | North America: 9 territories, larger than Africa. Europe: 7
         | territories, as large as Africa. USA: 3 territories, Canada: 5,
         | Australia: 2 China, India, Brazil which are all very large: 1
        
           | p0pcult wrote:
           | [dead]
        
           | trallnag wrote:
           | I'd love maps where Europe is smaller to become the norm in
           | schools and daily use oberall. Maybe it would make people
           | migrating here from huge and vast countries reconsider.
        
           | YurgenJurgensen wrote:
           | The fact that you had to pick an example from a casual board
           | game from 1957 kind-of shows how much of a non-issue this is.
        
       | r3trohack3r wrote:
       | One of my favorite talks by Carl Sagan talks about the geocentric
       | conceit, and how one manifestation of that is how most
       | civilizations tend to put themselves at the center of the map.
       | 
       | There are certainly some good reasons to put yourself there. Most
       | planning for your civilization that calls for a map is going to
       | use "home" as a starting point and you'll go "out" from there.
       | 
       | But it's still a fun observation.
       | 
       | I liked the talk so much I set it to music and listen to it at
       | the gym:
       | 
       | https://mindpop.blankenship.io/index.html
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | retrac wrote:
         | That reminds me of this contemporary Chinese world map:
         | https://priorprobability.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/img_536...
         | 
         | It's meant for shipping lanes, mostly. So it puts China in the
         | centre. The shortest route to European and American markets are
         | approximately straight lines. And the Panama canal is at the
         | edge of the world.
        
           | geraldwhen wrote:
           | I saw a Japanese map recently and it took me a full minute to
           | understand what I was looking at. Japan was at the center,
           | and North America was on the right.
        
           | yorwba wrote:
           | If you look closely, it's actually putting the Maldives in
           | the center. And the description in the bottom right doesn't
           | mention shipping lanes at all (which anyways would go
           | overland if you were to simply draw straight lines on this
           | map) but instead mentions that a latitudinally equal-
           | differential polyconic projection
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latitudinally_equal-
           | differenti... is used to prevent the distortion near the
           | poles that appears in commonly-used maps.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | thanatos519 wrote:
         | That's why I put this map on my kid's wall:
         | https://www.natgeomaps.com/re-world-classic-pacific-centered
         | 
         | We live in Europe where the default map is Atlantic-centric so
         | I wanted to make sure he got a different perspective.
        
           | bazoom42 wrote:
           | Give him a globe! I remember playing with a globe as kid and
           | trying to position it so I could see only water. But that is
           | just one option.
        
         | jlawson wrote:
         | The 'geocentric conceit' thing is just a moralized
         | overinterpretation of people trying to be practical.
         | 
         | Obviously if you're traveling out from and back to one place
         | over and over, the most sensible thing to do is to put that
         | place near map center. It makes it easy to see all the other
         | places in relation to your home, because how they relate to
         | your home is what's relevant to you. Those are the distances
         | and routes you want to be the most clear. When taking a sphere
         | and mapping it to a rectangle there is no way to not do this -
         | somewhere has to be the middle so you might as well choose
         | somewhere practical.
         | 
         | Sagan like many others often sells morality porn - the feeling
         | of "I know better than those ignorant less moral ones". A lot
         | of entertainment is like this these days.
        
           | Kye wrote:
           | He doesn't often do anything. He died in 1996. I've read a
           | few of his books and I don't get this impression at all.
        
         | bazoom42 wrote:
         | The geocentric model does not put humans in the center though.
         | 
         | At best you could argue it puts humans relatively close to the
         | center, but the geocentric model also operates with a smaller
         | solar system.
         | 
         | And the implied "closer to the center is better" is not
         | justified. E.g. Dante literally puts the devil in the middle of
         | the universe.
        
       | Fauntleroy wrote:
       | This is why I'm glad Google maps is available in a 3d globe! Even
       | at relatively close zoom levels the subtle differences in scale
       | are really noticeable.
       | 
       | Unfortunately I'm not entirely sure how to get Google Maps to
       | _always_ start up in the 3d sphere mode. Half the time in firefox
       | it just reverts back to a flat map.
        
         | netsharc wrote:
         | It'd be pretty cool if they can show the map in the Mercator
         | projection with a center the user can choose, as well as which
         | way is up...
        
           | dredmorbius wrote:
           | The Nullschool Earth Weather Visualiser does this. It
           | displays meteorological (and related) data, not political or
           | geological features, but is still pretty interesting. There
           | are also numerous alternative projections available
           | 
           | <https://earth.nullschool.net/>
           | 
           | (There are many other reasons to love that tool, but the
           | projections options is icing on the cake and/or planet.)
        
           | jeroenhd wrote:
           | Try https://www.worldmapgenerator.com/en/
        
       | stephenboyd wrote:
       | It isn't just the projections that distort our perception. North
       | being up and south being down is so ubiquitous that it seems like
       | Earth (and the Solar System) has a top side and a bottom side.
       | But that's just a convention.
       | 
       | https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20160614-maps-have-north-...
        
         | trhfhxggf wrote:
         | Well, if you define up and down as the axis perpendicular to
         | the ecliptic, there is an up and down in the solar system.
        
           | ubermonkey wrote:
           | Kinda? It's still arbitrary which one we think of as "up" and
           | which we think of as "down," though, right?
        
       | thriftwy wrote:
       | Fun thing is that USSR (and Russia as its descendant) was
       | actually never using Mercator anywhere near education, since the
       | distortion was too great in places where it was important. You
       | would imagine it would be good for ego, but pragmatic reasons
       | prevailed.
       | 
       | Indeed, Russian textbooks would rather use Gauss-Krueger with its
       | backgammon board appearance than Mercator. I believe that
       | variations of Kavrayskiy VII projection were very common.
       | 
       | On the other hand they used projections which skip displaying
       | Pacific ocean entirely, because who needs _that_?
        
       | dahwolf wrote:
       | I'm from the Netherlands and just saw our tiny land shrink even
       | further. Although I suppose it's a stretch to call this swampy
       | river delta actual land.
       | 
       | Anyway, I've personally experienced the shock of the true size of
       | Africa. Younger me only had a few flights to Spain under my belt
       | and then went on an adventurous trip to South Africa. I figured
       | it would just be a few hours more. How wrong I was.
        
       | AlecSchueler wrote:
       | I remember one particular trip I had on LSD. I spent some of the
       | time inspecting my childhood neighbourhood in Belfast on Google
       | Maps with the 3D view, and looking at it from angles other than
       | North -> Top.
       | 
       | It completely changed not only how I viewed the geography of the
       | city but also the socio-political history of it. I would
       | definitely recommend anyone to do the same, or with other areas
       | they're familiar with, with LSD or not. It's fascincating to
       | realise how much the map has shaped your view of the places you
       | know.
        
       | acconrad wrote:
       | Is there a phenomenon that describes why I feel a sense of unease
       | when I see the other maps? Seeing the various projections and
       | changes of those maps left me _very_ uncomfortable and I'm not
       | sure why.
        
       | bfung wrote:
       | Use a globe.
       | 
       | It's 2023 and we have computers at our fingertips everyday, use a
       | virtual globe.
       | 
       | Flat maps are cool and work well on paper, but you're not likely
       | going to need a map of a country on paper for travel.
        
       | bit_flipper wrote:
       | This article doesn't touch on the actual reasons why Mercator is
       | still in widespread use:
       | 
       | * It was the first widespread projection because of its practical
       | use for nautical navigation (where it is still the best
       | projection available), so it was easy for map makers to sell for
       | non-nautical uses, even after "better" projections became
       | available. And inertia is a hard thing to overcome for something
       | considered somewhat inconsequential.
       | 
       | * Mercator and its cousin Web Mercator are extremely simple and
       | fast to calculate relative to other projections. Compare the
       | formula for Web Mercator
       | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Mercator_projection#Formul...)
       | to Equal Earth, an excellent compromise projection for general
       | use (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Earth_projection#Formula
       | ...). Web Mercator is very easy to generate and serve tiled maps
       | out of, Equal Earth and the like require somewhat non-trivial
       | engineering to make serving those maps at scale to users in a web
       | browser economical and quick.
       | 
       | * Preserving angles is legitimately important still for large
       | scale (very zoomed in) road maps. Projections which preserve size
       | can cause things like 90 degree road intersections to render at
       | very strange angles which confuses drivers. Mercator and Web
       | Mercator are therefore excellent choices of projection for local
       | road navigation, which is by far the most common use of maps
       | today for most people.
       | 
       | I strongly recommend folks interested in map projections to read
       | this from Mapbox: https://www.mapbox.com/blog/adaptive-
       | projections. Google Maps now has similar features, but both
       | companies relied on Mercator for many years with good reasons
       | before technology caught up and better solutions became
       | available.
        
         | user070223 wrote:
         | Navigation concerns these days may include getting as fast as
         | possbile(i.e traveling on the geodesic), avoiding bad weather
         | areas(forecasts), using the least fuel as possible etc..
         | 
         | Stereographic projection(of the half sphere where the origin
         | and destination lies on) solves the geodesic issue, and it's
         | different from the Meractor
        
         | rocqua wrote:
         | No map shown to a driver at the detail level of navigating
         | intersections should have to care about projections much. At
         | that small a scale earth is approximately flat, and any half
         | decent projection should have minimal distortions of any kind.
        
           | bentley wrote:
           | In the 90s, my family (inveterate roadtrippers) always kept a
           | Rand McNally road atlas in the car. Each page had a map
           | covering (usually) a whole state. I don't know what
           | projection it used--Albers, perhaps?--but I remember as a
           | child wondering why some straight-looking state borders were
           | actually subtly curved.
        
           | bit_flipper wrote:
           | You can read about why projections still very much matter for
           | large scale (which is what I think you meant; small scale
           | would be something that shows you whole countries and not
           | used for road navigation) maps in the article I linked.
           | Google Maps tried out an alternative projection back when it
           | was still Keyhole and ran into problems with angular
           | distortion when zoomed in. The original post is sadly lost to
           | Google shutting down their product forums, but here's a quote
           | from a Google Maps engineer on their use of Mercator and why
           | it matters:
           | 
           | The first launch of Maps actually did not use Mercator, and
           | streets in high latitude places like Stockholm did not meet
           | at right angles on the map the way they do in reality. While
           | [Mercator] distorts a "zoomed-out view" of the map, it allows
           | close-ups (street level) to appear more like reality. The
           | majority of our users are looking down at the street level
           | for businesses, directions, etc... so we're sticking with
           | this projection for now.
           | 
           | Sourced from https://ilyabirman.net/meanwhile/all/map-and-
           | reality-distort..., but there are other citations of the same
           | quote as well.
        
             | expensive_news wrote:
             | Why does Apple have the only map (that I know of) that
             | projects Earth as a ball, as it is? It seems like a very
             | obvious solution.
        
       | fsckboy wrote:
       | > _Maps distort how we see the world_
       | 
       | maps give us our only ability to see "the world". Can you imagine
       | what you would think the world looked like as our ancestors did
       | in the world before accurate maps? you think the mercator
       | projection is problematic, I got news for you.
        
         | waiseristy wrote:
         | Had this same thought. Our own eyeballs distort how we see the
         | world.
        
       | aio2 wrote:
       | I'm not doing the math, but assuming it's correct, that's really
       | impressive. It's all on perspective!
        
       | walnutclosefarm wrote:
       | Probably 99% of the time I look at, or use, a map, it's at a
       | scale where the Mercator projection is entirely fair, and highly
       | useful. For probably half of the uses I have for maps, whatever
       | distortion relative to an actual globe it introduces isn't even
       | noticable. Then there are the rare times I look at a map at
       | something approaching hemispheric scale. But come on, people,
       | I've been told since 4th grade about the distortions of a world
       | map at that scale. I literally can remember Ms. Kraft in 4th
       | grade explaining how the map made Greenland look nearly as big as
       | Africa, when in fact it was more like the size the larger
       | countries in Africa.
       | 
       | And, anyone who has traveled internationally much at all is well
       | aware that, say, Europe is a hell of a lot smaller than it looks
       | on a world map - because we fly, for the most part, great circle
       | routes, and flight times give you a very good measure of how far
       | things are. First time you look at a flight to Sydney, the size
       | of the Pacific Ocean, relative to the North Atlantic, pretty much
       | hits you over the head.
       | 
       | So, while I find articles like this kinda fun for a couple of
       | minutes (what strange comparison will this author pull out of
       | their hat to make the point that flat maps distort world
       | persectives?), it's mostly for entertainment value. There really
       | isn't much to see.
        
       | gmiller123456 wrote:
       | The claim that "when you look at the Pacific Ocean on a globe,
       | you only see water" is incorrect.
       | 
       | I've seen a few attepts to make this claim appear as if it were
       | real. Like the image in the article, it's just a perspective
       | projection from a low altitude.
       | 
       | If you actually grab a globe, you'll see there is no way to cut
       | it in half with only water on one side. If there were a way to do
       | that, we could save a lot of money on globes by just not making
       | that half.
        
         | TheBigSalad wrote:
         | You mostly see water.
        
           | bagacrap wrote:
           | This is a very Hawaii phobic point of view
        
         | SamBam wrote:
         | Right, but when you look at a globe, you're actually seeing
         | less than half of it, unless it is small enough or you are far
         | enough.
         | 
         | If you're closer, you can definitely see less land. The
         | "perspective projection" is correct.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | ukmac wrote:
       | Wow. Mind blown
        
       | mejutoco wrote:
       | "The map is not the territory" - Alfred Korzybski
        
       | cryptoegorophy wrote:
       | Every kid should have a globe to understand countries and
       | distortion better.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | They all do.[1]
         | 
         | [1] https://earth.google.com/
        
           | interroboink wrote:
           | Aside from the humor of that page failing to load for me
           | (Firefox), I also smirk at the fact that it would still be
           | projecting the globe onto a _flat_ screen to view it (:
           | 
           | Something different about having an actual ball in your
           | hands.
        
             | capitainenemo wrote:
             | Hm. Page loads fine for me in Firefox. Has for years
             | (unlike google maps itself where oddly I get blocked for
             | their 3d mode, even when that same mode works fine on
             | earth.google.com)
             | 
             | If you're on Linux, maybe check your drivers, or do
             | webgl.force-enabled layers.acceleration.force-enabled ?
        
             | jefftk wrote:
             | _> that page failing to load for me (Firefox)_
             | 
             | Weird; testing on a Mac with Firefox it loads fine.
             | 
             | Anything interesting in the console?
        
               | interroboink wrote:
               | I tried again in a 'blank' profile, and it worked there.
               | 
               | On the failing one, I see some HTTP/3 400 results from
               | "earth-pa.clients6.google.com" before it goes into an
               | infinite-spinner state. On the working profile, those
               | requests succeed. Turned off uBlock and such, still no
               | dice. Maybe some weird thing relating to having a logged-
               | in gmail account on that profile? No idea, really.
               | 
               | But clearly not OS/driver related, since it works in the
               | other profile.
        
               | capitainenemo wrote:
               | Are you using "resist fingerprinting" in Firefox? I've
               | noticed that causes mystery total blocks or additional
               | "click and hold to show you are not a bot" challenges on
               | many sites (Fedex, Kickstarter, Walmart, Lowes) and at
               | random. Often it seems in some backend XHR that the app
               | writer didn't think to handle bot blocks on, so the page
               | half loads.
        
               | interroboink wrote:
               | Just the defaults, with regard to that; so I think not? I
               | see in about:config:
               | "privacy.resistFingerprinting=false".
               | 
               | Same on the other profile.
               | 
               | Good to know about, though (:
        
           | luxuryballs wrote:
           | now I wonder if it's easier to have a globe or internet
           | access
        
         | shusaku wrote:
         | Every adult should have a globe which secretly can be opened to
         | find a bottle of whiskey!
        
       | earthboundkid wrote:
       | This is dumb. Every elementary school classroom has a globe. We
       | see how big the countries are on globes routinely.
        
         | Freebytes wrote:
         | Students rarely even look at a globe, though. They see many
         | more maps online.
        
           | midasuni wrote:
           | Especially the southern hemisphere, as their head is normally
           | above the globe
        
             | sltkr wrote:
             | Have you ever seen a globe? They are always tilted so you
             | can easily view countries below the equator.
             | 
             | Besides, 90% of the world population lives above the
             | equator, so if there is a slight bias towards making the
             | northern hemisphere more easily viewable, that's entirely
             | justifiable. That includes 1.4 billion people living in
             | India, another 1.4 billion living in China, etc.
        
             | earthboundkid wrote:
             | Kids are short. Australians turn maps so they are south
             | side up anyway.
        
       | TehShrike wrote:
       | I bought a couple globes in the last year and am glad I did.
       | 
       | I bought this small one for my desk (16$):
       | https://www.waypointgeographic.com/p/gyroglobe-antique - every so
       | often I rotate it slightly so that I'm staring at a different
       | part of the globe when I look below my monitor.
       | 
       | I bought this one for the dining room (50$):
       | https://www.waypointgeographic.com/p/little-adventurer-globe -
       | the kids can spin it around whenever we talk about a country.
        
       | keiferski wrote:
       | This article misses what I think is actually the bigger
       | "distortion"[1]: the idea that an externalized, _view of Earth as
       | an object in space_ should be the default way of visualizing our
       | place in the universe. This is itself a distortion based on a
       | long, long lineage of philosophical-religious ideas on how the
       | world is constructed and how human beings fit into it. It seems
       | to me that we could construct any number of other maps that are
       | either more truthful, more useful, or more in-line with human
       | thriving (eudaimonia) [2].
       | 
       | In other words, if all maps are distortions, is the one we're
       | using actually the one we should be using?
       | 
       | 1. I don't really like this word, as it implies that there is a
       | _real_ shape of the world and that every other perspective is
       | somehow wrong.
       | 
       | 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudaimonia
        
       | zokier wrote:
       | Somehow I'm reminded of these "How Big Africa[/Texas] Really Is"
       | memes https://knowyourmeme.com/photos/2365729-relative-map-
       | sizes-h...
        
         | ubermonkey wrote:
         | See also: "Long Chile"
         | 
         | https://craigcalcaterra.com/blog/long-chile-ohio2-and-the-sn...
        
       | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
       | > _We should be wary of flattening balls!_
       | 
       | I agree.
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | I studied geography in undergrad and grad school. At the
       | beginning a friend and I decided upon a challenge to use as many
       | different projections as possible for labs and reports.
       | 
       | I got to 53, I think. Only once did a TA say it was an
       | inappropriate choice and, yeah, it was. I used an arctic planar
       | projection to map a part of southern Ontario. It was so comically
       | skewed.
       | 
       | By the end I had actually learned something: my perception of
       | what was "correct" was largely biased from growing up with
       | Mercator and Albers maps. While some options are more ideal than
       | others given the context, there's a _lot_ of useful alternatives
       | than what we all picture in our heads.
        
       | Wildgoose wrote:
       | I have a globe. But even that doesn't show the true distortion,
       | which is that the Earth is wrinkled. For example, Korea is
       | mountainous and so its actual surface area is much greater than
       | its apparent surface area when looking at either a map or a
       | globe.
        
       | adammarples wrote:
       | I really hate these mercator articles. This one is particularly
       | egregious because it takes a potentially interesting subject and
       | just ignores every detail. No mention that they are talking only
       | about one specific map projection. No mention of it by name even.
       | No mention of what trade offs projections must make. No
       | exploration of other projections. No mention of historically why
       | we commonly use this one, or what others could be appropriate.
       | Obsession with area above all else as if what area a country
       | occupies on a map is important. No support for this view either,
       | map area is implied to be all important. General implication that
       | it's some kind of colonialist sneer at Africa. One could just as
       | easily write an article about how unfair it is that Africa gets
       | to be at the centre of the map, again without explaining why on
       | earth that matters.
        
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       (page generated 2023-06-22 23:03 UTC)