[HN Gopher] Red Hat cutting back RHEL source availability
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Red Hat cutting back RHEL source availability
        
       Author : 0xdeafbeef
       Score  : 282 points
       Date   : 2023-06-21 16:00 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (lwn.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (lwn.net)
        
       | LordShredda wrote:
       | NASA recently made a deal with Rocky Linux, which is literally
       | just RHEL with branding replaced afaik. Probably pissed IBM real
       | bad since they're usually the government's darling for tech
       | contracts
        
         | anonymousiam wrote:
         | The US Government has been sour on large contractors for almost
         | 10 years now, but the quandary is how to prevent the small
         | contractors they support from becoming the dinosaurs they hate?
         | For a while OSC O/ATK was a darling, but NG gobbled them up.
         | Same thing with Millennial (now Boeing). Space-X is probably
         | too big for acquisition now, so they are on course to become
         | just another dinosaur.
        
         | jaclaz wrote:
         | If the info in this thread is accurate, it is for 3 (three)
         | workstations, I would call it a _tiny_ deal:
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36417968
         | 
         | Shouldn't be of relevance.
        
           | freedomben wrote:
           | Yeah this decision had to have been in discussion for 6
           | months or more, maybe even 2 years back to the CentOS Stream
           | decision. It didn't happen because a few days ago NASA bought
           | support for 3 Rocky licenses
        
         | rovr138 wrote:
         | https://sam.gov/opp/2e0365ce1e3c4c179b50fb15573d68e4/view
         | 
         | links to "SATPC0031698 Tab 04 SOW.pdf"
         | 
         | which has 2 line items,
         | 
         | - CIQ Rocky Enterprise Linux Per Person Advanced - Annual
         | Subscription Service Period: June 1, 2023-May 31, 2024
         | 
         | - CIQ Rocky Enterprise Linux Per Person Advanced - Annual
         | Subscription Service Period: June 1, 2024-May 31, 2025
         | 
         | Quantity of 3 for each of them.
        
         | cmiles74 wrote:
         | I believe NASA does use RHEL, I remember a story last year
         | where they were moving some systems from SUSE to RHEL.
         | 
         | My guess is that IBM was so difficult to deal with that they
         | decided to move away from RHEL wherever they could. Perhaps
         | getting the actual support they purchased was too much of a
         | challenge.
         | 
         | If IBM is pissed, they should take a good hard look in the
         | mirror before they malign other distributions.
         | 
         | https://www.nas.nasa.gov/hecc/support/kb/news/transition-to-...
        
       | jsiepkes wrote:
       | Here are the meeting notes from the RockyLinux people on this
       | subject: https://etherpad.opendev.org/p/resf-rocky-linux-
       | git-c.o-chan...
        
         | sigg3 wrote:
         | Now that is what I would call a shady meet. Parasites indeed
         | and spirit too. I'm actively removing their stuff from wherever
         | I can from now on.
        
           | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
           | What's shady about it?
        
           | markhahn wrote:
           | very droll!
        
       | MattSteelblade wrote:
       | Will this prevent official legal derivatives of RHEL?
        
         | bonzini wrote:
         | No, the whole history of RHEL development remains available on
         | GitLab. The change only affects git.centos.org.
        
         | binary_ninja wrote:
         | I would assume the people that actually develop those either
         | already are RHEL customers or they would just pay a single
         | subscription so they can download the code and keep it in sync
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | There are no "official" derivatives of RHEL. (And that was true
         | even after Red Hat acquired/acqui-hired CentOS).
        
           | MattSteelblade wrote:
           | I have edited my question from official to legal (at least
           | from a US-perspective). Another commenter in this thread has
           | stated that it would be against their TOS.
        
       | louissan wrote:
       | IBM not happy with NASA's decision?
        
       | anyoneamous wrote:
       | Amazon Linux 2023 (based on Fedora, rather than RH) suddenly
       | doesn't look like such a stupid idea
        
       | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
       | The comments there are insightful and actually make me think this
       | is the right move:
       | 
       | > Since the earliest days of Linux or MySQL, there were companies
       | set up to profit from others' contributions. Most recently in
       | Linux, for example, Rocky Linux and Alma Linux both promise "bug
       | for bug compatibility" with Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL),
       | while contributing nothing toward Red Hat's success. Indeed, the
       | natural conclusion of these two RHEL clones' success would be to
       | eliminate their host, leading to their own demise, which is why
       | one person in the Linux space called them the "dirtbags" of open
       | source.
       | 
       | > If there are any real parasites, it's Oracle Linux.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Linux
       | 
       | > Oracle Linux (abbreviated OL, formerly known as Oracle
       | Enterprise Linux or OEL) is a Linux distribution packaged and
       | freely distributed by Oracle, available partially under the GNU
       | General Public License since late 2006.[4] _It is compiled from
       | Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) source code, replacing Red Hat
       | branding with Oracle 's._
       | 
       | I had no idea that Oracle Linux was essentially RHEL with %s/Red\
       | Hat/Oracle/g and Oracle has a market cap of $330bn
        
         | rrauenza wrote:
         | Prusa has made a similar statement regarding their open source
         | 3D printers. A lot of cheap knock offs leveraging their work
         | ...
         | 
         | https://blog.prusa3d.com/the-state-of-open-source-in-3d-prin...
        
         | Shorel wrote:
         | The complementary relationship is also true.
         | 
         | RHEL became the enterprise Linux distribution because it was
         | the one used and supported by Oracle, back then, when many
         | companies still used Oracle as their database.
         | 
         | I am talking about 15 years ago.
         | 
         | Even nowadays at work, we all use Ubuntu in our workstations,
         | but the servers run CentOS (another repackaging of RH).
         | 
         | Without the support of Oracle, we all would be using SUSE in
         | our servers, instead of a Red Hat based distro.
        
           | ilyt wrote:
           | We just use Debian for everything (sooo much less issues than
           | with RHEL or Ubuntu ), but the RHEL bias is high in
           | enterprise clients we support.
        
         | rconti wrote:
         | Paid for Oracle Linux, can confirm.
        
         | wkat4242 wrote:
         | I don't really agree. RHEL is nothing special. Important for
         | Enterprise and thus free availability is handy for people
         | having an interest in becoming a sysadmin to learn it.
         | Dogfooding work stuff is the only reason I'd consider using it
         | or its derivatives at home. But I don't care even about that
         | and my stuff all runs BSD :P
         | 
         | But other distros are much better IMO.
         | 
         | There's good reasons that a totally free distro like Debian is
         | forked so much. It's just a really solid base. Software doesn't
         | need to have a business model to be great.
         | 
         | I'd be a lot sadder to see Debian disappear than RHEL and its
         | derivatives.
        
           | bonzini wrote:
           | There is no single criterion by which you can decide which
           | distro is better.
           | 
           | All I know is anecdotes. RHEL 7 and Ubuntu 14.04 came out
           | around the same time. Around May, upstream QEMU started
           | getting bug reports from Canonical developers that you
           | couldn't reset a virtual machine that had been created in
           | 12.04 and migrated to 14.04 due to some firmware
           | incompatibility.
           | 
           | In RHEL we had started testing cross-version migration 6
           | months in advance.
        
         | totallywrong wrote:
         | IIRC they even have a tool to "convert" a RHEL system into
         | Oracle. And it's not just RHEL, they shamelessly distribute AWX
         | (upstream for Ansible Tower, a product 100% made by RH from
         | scratch) under a different name without contributing anything
         | back. Oracle is truly a parasite of the open source ecosystem.
         | 
         | The only outcome I see for these "business models" at Oracle,
         | Rocky, Alma, etc. is increasingly less availability of software
         | for us regular users. Say what you might about RH but you can't
         | argue that they put out massive amounts of open source code out
         | there for all to use. Or they did anyway.
        
         | phpisthebest wrote:
         | This is only true it RHEL was self contained OS Project with no
         | Upstream sources itself...
         | 
         | That is not the case, RHEL is not possible with out the wider
         | ecosystem, and to say Rocky Linux is a "dirtbag" for repacking
         | RHEL, would be like saying RedHat is a "dirtbag" for packaging
         | any number of free software projects they consume into their
         | product.
         | 
         | It completely antithetical the free software movement for which
         | Linux is Licensed
         | 
         | However it is perfectly on brand of the "Open Source"
         | corporatist movement that seems to be supplanting free software
        
           | pietro72ohboy wrote:
           | > However it is perfectly on brand of the "Open Source"
           | corporatist movement that seems to be supplanting free
           | software
           | 
           | This has been happening on HN too. The vilification of GPL
           | and AGPL as "not free in the truest sense of the word", the
           | usage of RMS and his personal image to label the free
           | software movement outdated/fanatical/toxic is a testament to
           | how corporate rebranding efforts have succeeded in replacing
           | free software with open-source -- software that is
           | conveniently licensed so that corporations can bake it into
           | their product without a single concern for the longevity or
           | well-being of the developer or the software itself.
        
             | johnny22 wrote:
             | > , the usage of RMS and his personal image to label the
             | free software movement outdated/fanatical/toxic
             | 
             | What if i love and use the AGPL, but also won't involve
             | myself with the FSF because I think they are runining the
             | movement and also definitely want no direct association
             | with RMS.
             | 
             | I think RMS is an active harm to the cause of Free
             | Software.
        
             | reidrac wrote:
             | I think you mean anti-copyleft.
             | 
             | Free Software and Open Source are essentially the same,
             | despite the philosophical differences. The issue here is
             | against the copyleft (GPL and AGPL).
        
               | phpisthebest wrote:
               | >>Free Software and Open Source are essentially the same,
               | 
               | No ... no they are not
               | 
               | >>despite the philosophical differences.
               | 
               | And those differences are HUGE and make them incompatible
        
               | reidrac wrote:
               | Well, go and check: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-
               | list.html
               | 
               | Then see how many of those are OSI approved licences
               | (thus open source).
        
               | NotYourLawyer wrote:
               | Free implies open source. Open source does not imply
               | free.
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | Name an open source license that you don't consider free
               | software, then. Note that "source available" (Business
               | Software License, etc.) is not the same thing as "open
               | source".
        
               | phpisthebest wrote:
               | Any non-copy left license is not free software.
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | Wrong according to the FSF:
               | 
               | https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.en.html#apache2
               | 
               | https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-
               | list.en.html#X11License
               | 
               | https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.en.html#FreeBSD
        
               | palata wrote:
               | It's not about what you consider or not. The Free
               | Software movement is very clear. It is about the freedom
               | of the user: "I, the copyright owner of my own code,
               | allow you to use my code as long as you let your users
               | have (some kind of) access to my code in the product they
               | buy".
               | 
               | Really as an end user, I just don't understand who would
               | be against the Free Software philosophy: either you don't
               | care, or you want as much control as you can on what you
               | buy, but why would you ever say: "I don't want those
               | weird licenses that give me more access to the stuff I
               | buy, I want the other ones that make it completely
               | proprietary and inaccessible".
               | 
               | Of course as a company, you want permissive licenses,
               | such that you can use it for free, but keep it
               | proprietary (because companies like to think that this
               | one bugfix they made is very strategic IP).
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | Name a license that is open source but not free software.
        
               | rout39574 wrote:
               | Yes, anything the FSF blesses also qualifies as open
               | source. Can you articulate what point you're trying to
               | make, that this supports?
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | * * *
        
               | ilyt wrote:
               | Yes, not making it ridiculously easy for corporate to
               | make money off someone's else work without giving
               | anything back is a huge difference.
               | 
               | I don't really get why people are _for_ non-copyleft
               | licenses. LGPL is fine license.
        
               | scj wrote:
               | https://lwn.net/2001/0301/a/rms-ov-license.php3
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | > no they are not
               | 
               | Yes they are, according to people who use both terms. All
               | "free software" licenses are also "open source" licenses
               | and vice versa.
        
               | palata wrote:
               | Free Software is Open Source, but Open Source is not
               | necessarily Free Software.
        
           | jzb wrote:
           | I'm not going to call Rocky or Alma "dirtbags" (does anybody
           | use that phrase these days?) but comparing what Red Hat does
           | to Rocky is misleading.
           | 
           | RHEL Clones: Take finished source code, rebuild, test,
           | release.
           | 
           | RHEL: Work upstream to develop features / submit features
           | upstream before inclusion in RHEL, maintain specific versions
           | of upstream, test hundreds of upstreams together to make sure
           | they can be shipped together as an operating system, develop
           | "glue" software like Anaconda to install + manage the whole
           | thing, take source, build, test, release, accept bugs, start
           | over again for next minor release or major release as needed.
           | 
           | And, of course, this elides all the certification work that
           | makes RHEL an attractive enough project to rebuild in the
           | first place because people want _very specifically_ a RHEL
           | compatible distribution to run an application or applications
           | on top of.
           | 
           | What people get pissed at Red Hat about isn't that they don't
           | get to access the source. They're pissed they don't get the
           | convenience. Largely speaking, the people who get pissed
           | aren't concerned about Free Software, either - they just want
           | easy to run binaries. As I understand it "get binaries for
           | free" is not mandated by the four freedoms. The source code
           | is still out there for people to study, change, use, and
           | redistribute. That seems entirely compatible with the free
           | software ethos - but incompatible with the freeloader ethos.
        
             | NegativeK wrote:
             | Rocky and Alma are doing exactly what CentOS pre-Stream did
             | for _six_ years. Now they're frustrated that their decision
             | to kill the CentOS idea didn't stick?
             | 
             | Red Hat might have the legal right to gate their product,
             | but it seems really slimy to build RHEL on the work of who
             | knows how many people that publish it for free and then to
             | put road blocks around their derivative.
             | 
             | I don't really like reductionist blaming, but I feel
             | basically forced to wonder what Red Hat would be doing if
             | IBM wasn't involved.
        
               | jzb wrote:
               | "it seems really slimy to build RHEL on the work of who
               | knows how many people that publish it for free and then
               | to put road blocks around their derivative"
               | 
               | I'm always curious that people get angry at Red Hat
               | profiting on the work of others, but few people get angry
               | at the companies that use a RHEL clone to run their
               | business and pay nothing and contribute nothing.
               | 
               | Red Hat is still releasing source code. The only thing
               | that it's not doing is making it super-convenient to
               | rebuild exactly its product.
               | 
               | Seriously - for most purposes CentOS Stream is just fine
               | if what you want is a distro that feels like RHEL. Its
               | one drawback is that it's not a one-for-one clone of
               | RHEL, which generally only really matters if you are
               | using it to run your business. Which gets me back to -
               | why are people so pissed at Red Hat but not all the
               | organizations that make money using RHEL but don't pay
               | towards its development?
        
               | ilyt wrote:
               | > Rocky and Alma are doing exactly what CentOS pre-Stream
               | did for _six_ years. Now they're frustrated that their
               | decision to kill the CentOS idea didn't stick?
               | 
               | CentOS wasn't selling support contracts tho.
               | 
               | Not that I think anything they are doing is in any way
               | wrong mind you.
        
               | SemioticStandrd wrote:
               | To be fair, neither is Rocky.
        
               | totallywrong wrote:
               | Take a look at this [1] and tell me one company that
               | comes close. RH has surely made questionable decisions,
               | and yes that seems to be increasing since IBM. But the
               | heat they get is precisely because people are used to
               | have free lunch and then feel it's been taken away. I
               | don't see AWS, Oracle, and others getting the same
               | treatment for benefiting immensely from open source,
               | without contributing much in return. Would you rather
               | have an industry dominated by RH-like companies or the
               | others?
               | 
               | [1] https://www.redhat.com/en/about/open-source-program-
               | office/c...
        
           | stereolambda wrote:
           | I don't dislike your sentiment and don't see Rocky Linux as
           | dirtbags, but I think it is important for GPL that you have
           | to[1] provide source only if you provide binaries (IANAL,
           | lawyers correct me). So you should be able to have a business
           | where you sell software and the people who buy receive the
           | GPL'd source code (that they can then modify and share). You
           | don't have to develop in public, or use version control
           | programs: participate in the whole "GitHub culture".
           | 
           | GPL tries to guarantee an environment for user freedom (not
           | developer convenience, like permissive licenses). It has
           | builtin protection against someone closing the source. It
           | doesn't protect against some company pulling an Internet
           | Explorer on you (i.e. providing a free equivalent) with your
           | own code, because this doesn't directly concern user
           | freedoms. You don't have to be actively helping them though.
           | 
           | I think ultimately free-of-charge mirrors should exist, but I
           | see good potentials in companies discovering business merits
           | of GPL, and hopefully AGPL. We need more vigor for those,
           | after getting lucky once with Linux. We cannot rely on good
           | will of corporations (only enforced law works on them), so
           | any sign of luring them into copyleft somehow is a good
           | thing. This would be a long road, but who knows what could
           | happen in the current "AI" chaos and regulation scares.
           | 
           | [1] Of course only _have to_ assuming that you are not the
           | original author and you 're building on someone else's code
           | received under GPL.
        
         | JohnFen wrote:
         | > which is why one person in the Linux space called them the
         | "dirtbags" of open source.
         | 
         | That's funny, because that's how I tend to feel about Red Hat.
        
         | chasil wrote:
         | It has a few add-ons.
         | 
         | The "Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel" includes full btrfs,
         | extensive device support (that is removed from the stock
         | kernel), is tuned for the eponymous database, and is always
         | more current. There are several scenarios where it is very
         | attractive.
         | 
         | Oracle bought K-Splice several years ago, which was the first
         | rebootless patch solution for Linux. It's only available with a
         | premium license; Kernelcare is a lot cheaper.
         | 
         | Supported Oracle Linux versions are also available for WSL1
         | inside of Windows.                 C:\>wsl.exe -l -o       The
         | following is a list of valid distributions that can be
         | installed.       The default distribution is denoted by '*'.
         | Install using 'wsl --install -d <Distro>'.            NAME
         | FRIENDLY NAME       Ubuntu
         | Ubuntu       Debian                                 Debian
         | GNU/Linux       kali-linux                             Kali
         | Linux Rolling       Ubuntu-18.04
         | Ubuntu 18.04 LTS       Ubuntu-20.04
         | Ubuntu 20.04 LTS       Ubuntu-22.04
         | Ubuntu 22.04 LTS       OracleLinux_7_9
         | Oracle Linux 7.9       OracleLinux_8_7
         | Oracle Linux 8.7       OracleLinux_9_1
         | Oracle Linux 9.1       SUSE-Linux-Enterprise-Server-15-SP4
         | SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4       openSUSE-Leap-15.4
         | openSUSE Leap 15.4       openSUSE-Tumbleweed
         | openSUSE Tumbleweed
         | 
         | Oracle Linux came into existence shortly after Red Hat bought
         | JBoss. As Oracle had also bought BEA Weblogic (IIRC), this was
         | not taken well.
        
           | greedo wrote:
           | OEL is dependent on RHEL for patches, so how can it be
           | "always more current."?
        
             | chasil wrote:
             | The UEK is more dedicated to following long-term-release
             | kernels. Oracle's re-wrap is known as the "Red Hat
             | Compatible Kernel."
             | 
             | v7-rhck-3.10.0-1160.92.1.0.1
             | 
             | v7-uek-5.4.17-2136.320.7.1
             | 
             | v8-rhck-4.18.0-477.13.1
             | 
             | v8-uek-5.15.0-102.110.5
             | 
             | v9-rhck-5.14.0-284.11.1
             | 
             | v9-uek-5.15.0-102.110.5.1
             | 
             | Kernel version 3.10 has always been stock rhel7's version,
             | but the UEK has jumped through v4 to v5.
             | 
             | Red Hat made a big deal about io_uring availability in v9,
             | but I am guessing that it is available in v8's UEK.
             | 
             | I will say that the Oracle database group's support for v9
             | is very poor at this point; for some reason, they are
             | holding to v8, and releasing few products for the newer
             | platform.
        
           | ilyt wrote:
           | > The "Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel" includes full btrfs,
           | extensive device support (that is removed from the stock
           | kernel), is tuned for the eponymous database, and is always
           | more current. There are several scenarios where it is very
           | attractive.
           | 
           | I'd never go for btrfs in anything enterprise.
           | 
           | But it does annoy me how RHEL moves normal open source
           | software to the separate repos that are available with extra
           | support packages, it just makes managing it annoying
        
             | chasil wrote:
             | It also annoys me to great extents when Red Hat removes
             | support for SAS raid cards that are perfectly usable.
             | 
             | Oracle fixes that.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | bubblethink wrote:
         | >The comments there are insightful and actually make me think
         | this is the right move
         | 
         | They are not. Maybe this is how the YC/VC crowd sees
         | everything. Dollar went in, two dollars come out. Two points:
         | 
         | 1) RHEL is not an island. It uses (and contributes) upstream.
         | 
         | 2) They undercut the spirit, if not the letter, of GPL by
         | forbidding customers from releasing the sources. Don't want
         | derivatives ? Don't use copyleft free software. Can't have your
         | cake and use it too.
        
         | znpy wrote:
         | When Red Hat didn't yet provide free download and free hobbyist
         | licensing for their SO CentOS is what allowed me to learn the
         | RHEL way and learn enough to pay 560 euro to get RHCSA
         | certified.
         | 
         | I can see their problem with Oracle, but Rocky linux is
         | probably bringing them business.
         | 
         | If my job wouldn't mandate a specific distro, I would use Rocky
         | Linux where the management doesn't want to pay for support, and
         | RHEL whenever possible.
        
           | phpisthebest wrote:
           | I know there move to CentOS Stream cost them my business,
           | Since that announcement 2 years ago I have replaced all
           | Licensed RHEL servers with Ubuntu Servers...
        
             | StillBored wrote:
             | Which is an odd choice when comparing RH and Canonical. The
             | former has been almost religious about living to the open
             | source ideals, going so far as open sourcing products they
             | purchase, and making sure new products they create have
             | opensource upstreams. I don't think the same can be said of
             | Canonical which seems at every turn to in need of $ so they
             | try desperate ploys to monetize new projects they work on
             | by developing them in house and dropping releases, or
             | trying to lock up markets and charge for features not
             | available in the open source version.
             | 
             | So, while they definitely aren't ideal, its hard to point
             | to another company that does more across as much of the
             | opensource ecosystem. Maybe google these days? But one
             | needs only look at some of the google projects governance
             | model to see the difference between RH and Google.
        
               | phpisthebest wrote:
               | >>The former has been almost religious about living to
               | the open source ideals
               | 
               | Pre-IBM sure... Post IBM hardly
               | 
               | >>its hard to point to another company that does more
               | across as much of the opensource ecosystem. Maybe google
               | these days?
               | 
               | Really, you think google is a good example of Open
               | Source... wow how far we have come..
               | 
               | Google worse than Microsoft when it comes to the EEE
               | model
               | 
               | You are correct Canonical is not ideal, but I find them
               | to be more ethical and upfront than Post-IBM RedHat and
               | for sure google
        
               | fredski42 wrote:
               | >> Post IBM hardly
               | 
               | Can you put some substance on that statement?
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | > The former has been almost religious about living to
               | the open source ideals, going so far as open sourcing
               | products they purchase, and making sure new products they
               | create have opensource upstreams.
               | 
               | We are having this conversation on an article about them
               | doing their best to avoid sharing their source code in
               | order to kill their downstreams.
        
           | geerlingguy wrote:
           | Yeah... had it not been for CentOS, I would've never touched
           | anything in the RHEL-side of things after I discovered Ubuntu
           | in the 10/12 era.
           | 
           | Because CentOS existed, I made sure most of my open source
           | work would run just as well on all RHEL derivatives as it
           | does on Debian.
           | 
           | If Rocky didn't exist, I would quickly drop all my RHEL
           | support because operating thousands of test machines and
           | containers based on UBI and having to keep up with their
           | licensing game would cost too much of my time.
           | 
           | Rocky and Alma are the only reason devs like me still build
           | anything for RHEL.
        
             | prmoustache wrote:
             | I'd have to check if it is still the case but RHEL has
             | provided free developer licenses for RHEL for years
             | (decades?).
             | 
             | EDIT: checked and it still exist and allow usage of up to
             | 16 physical or virtual nodes for development " to develop
             | software (including open source software), perform
             | prototyping or quality assurance testing and/or for
             | demonstration purposes.
        
               | g8oz wrote:
               | And those conditions are exactly what the OP meant by a
               | licensing game.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | xyst wrote:
         | Yup. One Rich Asshole Called Larry Ellison.
         | 
         | I avoid anything Oracle. Their licensing model is hell. Their
         | products are usually terrible compared to competition. Cloud
         | products are subpar. Products tend to require a support
         | contract since it's proprietary dogshit.
         | 
         | Some tidbits of Oracle and Larry Ellison (founder, CEO):
         | 
         | - in the early days of Oracle DB, it was benchmarked and
         | compared against other RDBMS and Oracle DB was found to have
         | poor performance. Ellison and Oracle tried to get the professor
         | fired and introduced language into their EULA preventing
         | benchmarking [1,2]
         | 
         | - then there is the growing list of controversies documented on
         | Wikipedia [3]
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20150313140846/https://starcount...
         | (2015, archive.org)
         | 
         | [2] https://danluu.com/anon-benchmark/
         | 
         | [3] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation
        
           | brightball wrote:
           | SQL Server did something similar too. There's a famous Reddit
           | post that goes deep comparing it to PostgreSQL but can't name
           | it for takedown reasons.
        
             | olavgg wrote:
             | The switch -> https://web.archive.org/web/20170808183612/ht
             | tp://imgur.com/...
             | 
             | The full article: https://web.archive.org/web/2019091912190
             | 1/https://www.reddi...
        
             | dizhn wrote:
             | Takedown reasons?
        
               | runjake wrote:
               | Takedown == getting issued a scary cease-and-desist
               | warning letter by high-paid lawyers.
        
               | sieabahlpark wrote:
               | [dead]
        
           | dijit wrote:
           | Yet people are really happy to buy into Oracle because they
           | have a free tier[0] (which, you probably should avoid
           | anyway[1])
           | 
           | Or they argue to exhaustion that MySQL (not MariaDB) is
           | totally fine for production, despite decades the company who
           | now owns MySQL strangling companies to near death over
           | minutia.
           | 
           | It boggles my mind.
           | 
           | [0]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34503883
           | 
           | [1]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29514359
        
             | ilyt wrote:
             | My Oracle free tier VM got destroyed without any info with
             | no prompt or anything.
             | 
             | Then my account was put in such state where I _couldn 't
             | even pay to upgrade it to paid one_
             | 
             | > Or they argue to exhaustion that MySQL (not MariaDB) is
             | totally fine for production, despite decades the company
             | who now owns MySQL strangling companies to near death over
             | minutia.
             | 
             | Who you gonna trust, billion dollar corporation, or man
             | that sold that DB off to them then started making a fork ?
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | > Who you gonna trust, billion dollar corporation, or man
               | that sold that DB off to them then started making a fork
               | ?
               | 
               | Oh, that's easy. neither.
               | 
               | I use postgres predominantly.
        
             | yoyohello13 wrote:
             | It reminds me of the old saying.
             | 
             | > Nobody ever got fired for buying IBM
             | 
             | Nobody ever got fired for buying, Oracle or Microsoft or
             | any big incumbent. The same could definitely not be said
             | for choosing any free software.
             | 
             | Ironically RHEL is IBM now.
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | I can imagine people being fired for going with Oracle.
               | 
               | Fail to make your budget work 5 quarters in a row and see
               | how long you last. ;)
               | 
               | Or wait for a legal case to come up: someones getting
               | fired, wether its you or a scapegoat you sacrifice.
        
             | fariszr wrote:
             | I mean you can just use it as a free VPS, have backups of
             | everything and you should be fine
        
           | disordinary wrote:
           | Oracle is now in the keep customers locked in business rather
           | than the get new customers business.
        
           | cookiengineer wrote:
           | Also in terms of security, Oracle's "forks" are decades
           | behind. They managed to make RedHat unsecure with their own
           | dogshit changes.
           | 
           | There are so many CVEs for Oracle specifically that are just
           | bad default usernames and passwords, where they still dispute
           | the CVE reports because it is "intended behaviour".
           | 
           | So ridiculous...
        
             | ilyt wrote:
             | RHEL also introduced some.... interesting changes few
             | times, like re-enabling ciphers removed from upstreams
             | because their clients needed them for something.
             | 
             | I remember our amazement on how we failed audit on having a
             | cipher enabled in OpenSSH version that had that cipher
             | removed in upstream...
        
             | hsbauauvhabzb wrote:
             | Pretty sure oracle have made a habit of going after
             | security researchers who use responsible disclosure
             | pathways also.
        
         | awill wrote:
         | There's a huge difference between Rocky/Alma, and Oracle.
         | Oracle actually tries to steal RHEL business. They offer
         | support, which I think is ludicrous when they don't even build
         | the product.
         | 
         | Alma/Rocky aren't to my knowledge offering any support (and if
         | they plan to, they shouldn't). Are customers cross-shopping
         | RHEL with Alma? You either want support, and buy RHEL, or you
         | don't, and you use something else (Alma/Rocky, or Debian/Ubuntu
         | etc..)
        
           | progmetaldev wrote:
           | Rocky does offer support, but your comment about Oracle still
           | stands. I believe Rocky works with Red Hat.
        
             | awill wrote:
             | Rocky can offer support on helping you install it. But they
             | can't offer real support. They can't fix bugs or do any
             | real work on RHEL beyond requesting that Red Hat accept a
             | fix. If Red Hat declines, Rocky can't even ship their own
             | fix.
        
         | yetanotherloss wrote:
         | I have no raw feelings towards organizations trying to keep
         | themselves in business, but I'd be happier if it was literally
         | anyone besides Oracle.
        
         | PeterZaitsev wrote:
         | Is not this something what Open Source exactly suppose to allow
         | you to do ?
         | 
         | I have no love for Oracle but I would imagine one of the
         | reasons Oracle embraced RedHat Enterprise Linux early on was
         | the fact they could fork it if it was in their interest - this
         | was tremendous value for RedHat for a time and helped its
         | establishment as leading Linux for Enterprise.
         | 
         | Remember also what RedHat itself "stands on the shoulders of
         | the giants" - there are a lot of packages which RedHat
         | includes. Years ago when I worked at MySQL AB RedHat used to
         | include MySQL packages, say they are covered by their
         | "subscription" but have no revenue share with MySQL AB (as
         | creators)
         | 
         | Note I'm not complaining I'm saying this is exactly how things
         | upposed to work - MySQL got great value from being Open Source
         | and allowing Linux distributions to include it (and make money
         | on it) freely.
        
         | krylon wrote:
         | I thought that was well known, it's not like they were
         | secretive about it, in fact they openly advertised it. Their
         | sales pitch, I think was, that many customers ran Oracle
         | software on RHEL, and this way they would have a single
         | provider of support for both the OS and the software running on
         | it.
         | 
         | Given Oracle's rather well-earned reputation, that does _not_
         | sound like an attractive proposal to me, but there 's a chance
         | orgs that are on the hook for anything Oracle already might not
         | share that assessment.
         | 
         | IIRC, Oracle's move to eat part of Red Hat's lunch was
         | considered the reason Red Hat stopped making the kernel source
         | available in the form of mainline tree + patches, thus making
         | it less convenient for Oracle's staff to provide support at the
         | same level of expertise as Red Hat, but I don't think anyone
         | working at Red Hat has commented on this on the record.
        
           | raincom wrote:
           | When Oracle started offering support for the oracle db on
           | RHEL, whenever there are performance issues and other issues,
           | Oracle used to blame RHEL. So oracle DBAs are trained to go
           | back Redhat for issues. Usually, these support issues bounce
           | back and forth: Oracle blames Redhat, which says it's an
           | oracle issue. In the mean time, oracle support folks just buy
           | sweet time. Then came Oracle enterprise linux: oracle
           | supporting the whole stack, OS and databases. Which
           | enterprise customer doesn't want that. Not only that, many
           | corporate customers of RHEL switched to Oracle Linux, as
           | oracle charges way less for each installation.
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | Isn't redhat profiting from all the software upstream to
         | themselves?
         | 
         | I'm reminded of the definition of a linux distribution: a
         | package manager and a source repository.
         | 
         | (that said, unbreakable linux, yeah)
        
           | zaphar wrote:
           | Redhat contributes back to upstream in a lot of cases. I
           | don't know if Rocky and co do or not but Redhat definitely
           | does.
        
             | m463 wrote:
             | I'm not denying that important point.
             | 
             | But imagine being a contributor to a package which redhat
             | incorporates and using it via centos/rocky.
        
             | fredski42 wrote:
             | RedHat actually helps Rocky and co by basing RHEL on Centos
             | Stream. Rocky and co can now file bugs on Centos Stream and
             | have it fixed faster for their distribution. Before they
             | could not do that. They had to report further upstream and
             | had to wait until that landed in RHEL. Also RedHat is
             | helped by these fixes. Only winners here.
        
         | Phrodo_00 wrote:
         | > Most recently in Linux, for example, Rocky Linux and Alma
         | Linux both promise "bug for bug compatibility" with Red Hat
         | Enterprise Linux (RHEL), while contributing nothing toward Red
         | Hat's success.
         | 
         | CentOS was huge towards equipping smaller IT departments,
         | startups and student on the RHEL ways, allowing them to jump on
         | "real RH" when they got bigger. Alma Linux is the same. Rocky
         | Linux does sell support, but even then it's still advertising
         | RHEL.
        
           | jzb wrote:
           | CentOS was also huge towards allowing a lot of larger
           | companies to just run CentOS in production instead of RHEL
           | and avoid paying anything at all.
           | 
           | However you may feel about Red Hat's actions, I'd trust that
           | folks at Red Hat have done enough legwork to figure out that
           | "CentOS as a loss leader for RHEL" wasn't working out the way
           | people like to imagine it would.
           | 
           | (Note: I am a former Red Hat employee, but I do not have and
           | haven't had specific access to any data estimating what
           | CentOS Linux was expected to add to or subtract from the
           | bottom line. But I feel pretty sure that many deals won and
           | lost have been examined, many customers spoken to, and
           | numbers crunched to inform their actions.)
        
             | Phrodo_00 wrote:
             | And I'm not sure I'd agree with their analysis, but they're
             | clearly free to make the decision.
             | 
             | If larger companies can run CentOS in production, they also
             | can run Debian or any other distro without a support
             | contract. They could even use a competing loss leader
             | distro like OpenSuse Leap.
        
               | jzb wrote:
               | Yes, they could. But they (often) don't. The
               | certification / training ecosystem that exists around
               | RHEL has a lot value, even if a lot of folks like to
               | handwave it away. The engineering that goes into RHEL and
               | the very predictable lifecycle has a lot of value, too.
               | I'm not going to say that Debian or SUSE aren't equally
               | good, engineering-wise, but it seems like a lot of large
               | companies have chosen RHEL clones over Debian. (Not all!
               | I am sure plenty of companies do as you suggest with
               | Debian.)
               | 
               | Don't get me wrong - I think it'd be great if Debian
               | became the standard, assuming that meant that companies
               | helped develop Debian and poured resources into it as a
               | commons. That'd be much better than depending on Red Hat
               | to do all the work and then not paying for it.
        
               | progmetaldev wrote:
               | Especially distributions such as Debian Stable LTS.
        
           | fariszr wrote:
           | i mean you can do that now with a RHEL dev licenses, you have
           | up to 16 free servers
        
           | ilyt wrote:
           | > CentOS was huge towards equipping smaller IT departments,
           | startups and student on the RHEL ways, allowing them to jump
           | on "real RH" when they got bigger.
           | 
           | And it turned out near-nobody did so they turned it into
           | stream so you could no longer have "same as RHEL" version.
        
         | passterby wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | ddaae2ggg444569 wrote:
         | Yeah I really think people are way out over their skis if they
         | think that Red Hat/IBM doesn't have at least a somewhat
         | justifiable case to make here. You can still disagree, but at
         | least you need to admit that you can understand why they would
         | be pissed about something like Rocky. They do offer downloads
         | of RHEL for free (or is that gone too?) for anybody not using
         | it commercially, this isn't some poor student cloning RHEL
         | because they couldn't afford it or anything like that.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | Aaron2222 wrote:
         | Regardless of your views of cloning a commercial Linux distro
         | like that, alling Rocky Linux and Alma Linux 'dirtbags' misses
         | the point of the entire reason they exist in the first place,
         | RedHat discontinuing CentOS (and drastically shortening the
         | support window on CentOS 8).
        
           | reidrac wrote:
           | Besides it isn't true they don't contribute. As you say, they
           | are filling the gap left by CentOS, and that helps sustaining
           | an ecosystem that benefits RHEL.
        
           | freedomben wrote:
           | who called them dirtbags? I've seen this mentioned a few
           | times but I haven't seen any source for it
        
             | 0x0000000 wrote:
             | It's in one of the comments on the linked article, and was
             | reposted in the top comment in the thread in which you're
             | replying. It seems to be sourced originally from here:
             | 
             | https://www.infoworld.com/article/3697733/chatgpt-s-
             | parasiti...
        
       | awill wrote:
       | It's pretty obvious that Red Hat wasn't happy with Rocky and Alma
       | so successfully taking over from CentOS.
        
       | soraminazuki wrote:
       | I wish this encourages companies to look for more alternatives to
       | RHEL and its clones. There are certainly cases where the
       | stability of RHEL makes sense. But too often teams use them when
       | they need latest versions of software, resulting in pointless
       | packaging work.
       | 
       | The worst part about the packaging work is, the tools used to
       | create RPM packages is showing its age. RPM macros, the language
       | for describing packages, is based on text substitution which
       | makes it tricky to write. [1] RPM builds don't do build-time
       | sandboxing, so a package won't build consistently across machines
       | without extreme care taken in both the package descriptions and
       | the build environment. Even if the package itself builds and runs
       | on the same machine, it isn't guaranteed to run on other machines
       | too because it lacks a way to ensure reproducibility.
       | 
       | [1]: For example, commenting out a macro might not work as
       | expected because the expanded text might include a newline.
        
         | klooney wrote:
         | RHEL gives really good audit. They're very good with security
         | updates, they support things for a very long time. And if you
         | wander into Federal Government land, it's hard to use anything
         | else.
        
         | acatton wrote:
         | > I wish this encourages companies to look for more
         | alternatives to RHEL and its clones.
         | 
         | The issue is that there is no alternative. I'm not aware of any
         | distro with its base and all its packages working seamlessly
         | with SELinux enabled.
         | 
         | Setting up SELinux in any other distro is, in my experience, an
         | uphill battle. You need to become an SELinux expert to do so.
         | 
         | > The worst part about the packaging work is, the tools used to
         | create RPM packages is showing its age.
         | 
         | Most people don't really create RPM packages, they just install
         | them. And in this area dnf[1] is cutting edge: file-level
         | dependency solver, delta-package downloading, parallel
         | downloading, ...
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNF_(software)
        
           | Cu3PO42 wrote:
           | I have run SELinux on Fedora without too many issues. Of
           | course, Fedora being rather closely related to RHEL that
           | shouldn't be too surprising.
        
             | acatton wrote:
             | Fedora is to RHEL what Debian Sid is to Debian stable.
             | 
             | Yes, it's not that simple, and there are some customization
             | done. But Fedora is the playground for the next RHEL. I
             | woudn't consider Fedora "an alternative" according to what
             | the top-poster was describing.
        
           | bubblethink wrote:
           | >The issue is that there is no alternative. I'm not aware of
           | any distro with its base and all its packages working
           | seamlessly with SELinux enabled.
           | 
           | Why is this a dealbreaker ? Ubuntu has apparmor which is
           | similar. Maybe selinux is stricter/granular etc., but that's
           | not a business level differentiator. Your company won't fail
           | or succeed because of selinux.
        
             | CameronNemo wrote:
             | Ugh but Ubuntu is still insisting on that snap nonsense.
        
           | dralley wrote:
           | > delta-package downloading
           | 
           | RHEL has never used that, and Fedora has perennial
           | discussions about killing it because the benefits rarely
           | outweigh the costs anymore
        
           | soraminazuki wrote:
           | I was specifically talking about people using RHEL when they
           | need latest versions of software. For that use case, RHEL is
           | a poor choice. You absolutely need to create custom packages,
           | because there are no preexisting packages.
           | 
           | To reiterate:
           | 
           | > There are certainly cases where the stability of RHEL makes
           | sense. But too often teams use them when they need latest
           | versions of software, resulting in pointless packaging work.
           | 
           | DNF doesn't solve this specific problem.
        
           | CameronNemo wrote:
           | Android, GrapheneOS, CalyxOS seem to use sandboxing and
           | SELinux much more elegantly than the mass of systemd, podman,
           | and flatpak we call Fedora Core OS Atomic Enterprise Linux,
           | I.e. FCOAEL.
           | 
           | Besides, Debian has AppArmor in use for various packages.
        
           | KAMSPioneer wrote:
           | This (SELinux) is why I started using RH-family OSs more and
           | more, and one of a few reasons why I stick with it, even
           | though Debian's minimalism is incredibly nice. I have a book
           | (as yet unopened) on my desk about SELinux administration,
           | but it's huge and CentOS, Fedora, RHEL, et al. Just Work
           | (okay, with the occasional small tweak to policies or
           | booleans).
        
         | orev wrote:
         | The "correct" way to build reproducible RPMS is to use the
         | 'mock' system, which addresses the concerns about inconsistent
         | build environments.
        
         | danjoredd wrote:
         | I just use Fedora. When I used Red Hat briefly, I didn't notice
         | any major differences between the two except one is the "base"
         | of Red Hat. I can get pretty much whatever I need through dnf
         | or flatpak. I get that Red Hat has support, but otherwise for
         | regular consumers like me I am not sure why I would go for a
         | Red Hat clone when Fedora exists.
        
           | ndiddy wrote:
           | Red Hat is valuable for situations where you want to leave a
           | computer running for 10+ years and not have to worry about
           | updates breaking anything. If you are fine with doing a full
           | OS update every 6 months and always want the latest and
           | greatest features, you're not in the target market.
        
       | dzsekijo wrote:
       | What stops then someone to buy a RHEL subscription for the
       | purposes of setting up an unofficial RHEL source mirror?
        
         | bubblethink wrote:
         | They will terminate your contract if they can trace it back to
         | you. Their ToS prohibit this.
        
       | PeterZaitsev wrote:
       | I wonder if you're RedHat Subscriber and Customer and have access
       | to the source what is the license ?
       | 
       | In general though it is clear what RedHat does not seems to want
       | to play Open Source game any more, at least when it comes to
       | RHEL.
       | 
       | Similar to Amazon/AWS RedHat seems to be moving to Open Source of
       | convenience, where you have portions of your software Open Source
       | when it helps your business, and not so much if it does not.
        
         | axus wrote:
         | I'm interested in how IBM will try to refuse selling to
         | Alma/Rocky/Oracle. You'd think those guys would already have a
         | paid Red Hat subscription. The lawsuits between Oracle and IBM
         | will be epic.
        
           | fariszr wrote:
           | Most T&C have a clause allowing them to simply end any
           | subscription without needing a clear reason. And I doubt
           | rocky or almalinux want to start a cat and mouse game of
           | opening accounts and these accounts getting banned by Red
           | Hat.
        
         | WesolyKubeczek wrote:
         | The specs themselves usually come from Fedora first, where they
         | are MIT by default (per Contributor Agreement, at least). So RH
         | can do anything they please as long as they acknowledge the
         | authors (which is done trivially by not mucking with
         | %changelog).
         | 
         | Anything they please likely includes terminating your account
         | if they sniff you using it to avoid the fees or enabling others
         | to do so. If you are contemplating, say, using a Red Hat
         | Individual Developer Access (or what they call it) to
         | redistribute the sources, they have a provision in the terms
         | you have to agree to just against such cases.
        
         | WesolyKubeczek wrote:
         | > Similar to Amazon/AWS RedHat seems to be moving to Open
         | Source of convenience, where you have portions of your software
         | Open Source when it helps your business, and not so much if it
         | does not.
         | 
         | I guess it's quite pragmatic from the short- and even medium-
         | term perspective, although it likely may become well poisoning
         | in the long term.
         | 
         | There used to be an understanding that since Red Hat is making
         | a lot of buck on the shoulders of contributors making FOSS
         | available, they have an obligation of giving a considerable
         | amount of goodwill in return. It looks like they are now
         | pulling a Reddit, but making it a long game.
         | 
         | I mean, right now it looks like they are protecting their
         | business (you really want to get paid for having to backport
         | fixes to some library which has been EOLed and forgotten by its
         | upstream half a decade ago, and for all stability promises no
         | vendor is giving!), but it's opening a way to shittier
         | practices, if you get my drift.
        
       | nezirus wrote:
       | I am so pissed by this move, it is totally against the spirit of
       | free software and GPL. Using additional contracts to subvert the
       | free software licenses. You get to see the software, but you
       | can't share it further. RedHat would not be here if someone
       | behaved like this 25+ years ago.
       | 
       | I would prefer a variant of GPL which strictly forbids this (imo
       | it should already be forbidden, these are clearly additional
       | restrictions). Let's put "GPL v2 or later" to good use...
        
         | flyinghamster wrote:
         | > Using additional contracts to subvert the free software
         | licenses. You get to see the software, but you can't share it
         | further.
         | 
         | This wouldn't be the first time. The very origin of the DD-WRT
         | router distro was a hard fork of SveaSoft's "if you share this,
         | we cut off your access to updates" license.
         | 
         | https://www.wi-fiplanet.com/the-dd-wrt-controversy/
        
       | disordinary wrote:
       | It's a challenging time for OpenSource at the moment.
        
       | jake_morrison wrote:
       | The problem is that RHEL is too expensive for people who don't
       | need support. IBM is getting greedy and screwing up its pipeline.
       | 
       | Our dedicated servers are about $100/month for pretty serious
       | hardware (2 x 8-core CPUs, 64 GB RAM, 2 x 8TB HDD, 30TB
       | transfer). Paying $349/year is a significant percentage of that.
       | It is worse for smaller servers, and ludicrous for small virtual
       | machines in the cloud.
       | 
       | I would not mind throwing them a bone to have e.g. security
       | updates at some reasonable cost. Their official repositories
       | don't have enough packages, so I end up having to use 3rd-party
       | repos for normal things, e.g. Postgres. Having a more full-
       | featured repo of up-to-date software would be useful to me.
       | 
       | I have been running CentOS 7, but when that is no longer
       | supported, I will switch to something else like Ubuntu or Debian,
       | whatever our hosting providers support. I am already using Debian
       | or distroless for containers.
       | 
       | And then RHEL will be completely irrelevant to me. Good job, IBM.
        
         | bonzini wrote:
         | Red Hat's model is to only ship what they know they can
         | support. For the rest there's EPEL which is community managed.
         | 
         | Canonical's model is to ship the kitchen sink and wing it in
         | case a customer wants support on something that is in a sorry
         | state.
         | 
         | Different customers, different requirements.
        
           | jacooper wrote:
           | Thats not true with Ubuntu Pro, which includes support for
           | way more packages than RHEL, 10 thousand to be exact, and is
           | much cheaper with more features like included kernel
           | Livepatching.
        
             | bonzini wrote:
             | I was referring exactly to Ubuntu Pro. They can support
             | more packages for cheaper exactly because Red Hat won't
             | ever have the same YOLO approach to support that Canonical
             | has.
        
               | jacooper wrote:
               | Did you try their support before coming to such opinions?
        
       | gtirloni wrote:
       | I've been using Red Hat and Fedora since the early RH4 days when
       | the video driver only supported monochrome for my GPU. I'm now
       | going to start switching to something not controlled by a
       | corporation. Yes, I'm not happy about it but it's necessary. The
       | days of being naive about Linux are over.
       | 
       | I still consider Fedora one of the best distros out there
       | (bleeding edge and polished as much as possible) and I prefer to
       | use the same-ish distro on my personal computers and on the
       | servers but this is another nail in the RH-based distro coffin
       | for me.
        
         | lost_tourist wrote:
         | If you like the glacial pace of Redhat you'll probably be happy
         | with Debian stable.
        
           | gtirloni wrote:
           | Until today I preferred to use Fedora on desktops and
           | RHEL/Rocky/CentOS on servers, so I'm already used to
           | different paces of development.
           | 
           | But it seems Debian unstable on desktops and Debian 12 stable
           | on servers might work just fine. Truth be told, I only need a
           | 5.x/6.x kernel with cgroups/namespaces/ebpf on my servers and
           | flatpak on the desktops and I'm fine.
        
         | tristan957 wrote:
         | Fedora is pretty independent of Red Hat, especially since Red
         | Hat fired the Fedora project lead.
        
           | jzb wrote:
           | Fedora is sponsored by Red Hat and many of its developers are
           | employed by Red Hat. Much of the work in Fedora is done by
           | Red Hat.
           | 
           | Red Hat did not fire the FPL. They laid off the Fedora
           | Program Manager, which is a different role entirely. I would
           | still say that was a lousy decision, but the FPL is a very
           | different role that goes back a very long time and AFAIK
           | remains filled by Matthew Miller.
           | 
           | I've seen the two roles conflated here and there so I figured
           | it was worth correcting here so it doesn't continue to
           | spread.
        
             | tristan957 wrote:
             | How many is many?
             | 
             | Thanks for the correction on the title.
        
       | anonym29 wrote:
       | Grass Green; Sky Blue; Corporate entity that subversively pushed
       | systemd into as many Linux distros as possible still engaging in
       | user-hostile, FLOSS-hostile activity
        
       | HideousKojima wrote:
       | It only takes a single customer with a RHEL subscription to
       | republish the source, so this is really just a middle finger out
       | of spite to Centos competitors.
        
         | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
         | I suspect that they would not then be a customer for very long
         | afterward.
        
         | tw04 wrote:
         | >It only takes a single customer with a RHEL subscription to
         | republish the source, so this is really just a middle finger
         | out of spite to Centos competitors.
         | 
         | That is a violation of their terms of service and will result
         | in a termination of your subscription unless I'm misreading it
         | (section d):
         | 
         | Unauthorized Use of Subscription Services. Any unauthorized use
         | of the Subscription Services is a material breach of the
         | Agreement. Unauthorized use of the Subscription Services
         | includes: (a) only purchasing or renewing Subscription Services
         | based on some of the total number of Units, (b) splitting or
         | applying one Software Subscription to two or more Units, (c)
         | providing Subscription Services (in whole or in part) to third
         | parties, _(d) using Subscription Services in connection with
         | any redistribution of Software_ or (e) using Subscription
         | Services to support or maintain any non-Red Hat Software
         | products without purchasing Subscription Services for each such
         | instance (collectively, "Unauthorized Subscription Services
         | Uses").
         | 
         | https://www.redhat.com/licenses/Appendix_1_Global_English_20...
        
           | Vogtinator wrote:
           | How does this not violate the GPL?
        
             | vbezhenar wrote:
             | Why should it violate GPL?
             | 
             | RHEL is obliged to provide source code for their GPL
             | packages.
             | 
             | You ask for source code, you'll get it.
             | 
             | You distribute the source code, RH will terminate the
             | contract with you because they don't want to see you as a
             | customer anymore.
             | 
             | They're free to do business with whoever they want, peeking
             | people who will not distribute RH sources.
             | 
             | Every party is in their right here. That's my
             | understanding.
             | 
             | Red Hat did that for many years. They maintain extended
             | support branches for RHEL which provide fixes for very old
             | software. Those fixes AFAIK were never "leaked" despite the
             | fact that every customer could receive it. If it was as
             | simple as crowd-funding single subscription and then
             | publish all the sources, someone would do it and we would
             | have CentOS Extended LTS.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | matthews2 wrote:
             | The GPL says I must give you access to the source along
             | with the binaries, but it doesn't say I need to give you
             | updates indefinitely.
        
             | mroche wrote:
             | It does not. As the other comment in this thread notes
             | there are two agreements in play here: the open source
             | license agreements and Red Hat's Enterprise Agreement.
             | Under no circumstances can Red Hat prevent an entity from
             | sharing their FOSS software, however they can absolutely
             | view that action as a violation of the EA Contract, and
             | terminate the subscription. This doesn't undo the action,
             | but prevents further access to updates and sources.
        
           | phpisthebest wrote:
           | My Assumption would be Section 1.4 over rides in the case of
           | Source Code which is governed by GPL and implicitly allows
           | redistribution, that is the entire purpose of CopyLeft
           | 
           | So the prohibition on "redistribution" in this context would
           | be on the compiled binaries. i.e you could not pay for a
           | subscription and then mirror the yum repos publicly.
        
             | tw04 wrote:
             | You're conflating your legal right to redistribute the
             | software (they can't sue you) to your contractual right to
             | redistribute (them terminating your support contract).
             | 
             | They cannot sue you for redistributing the software, or
             | claim damages because you did so. They can ABSOLUTELY tell
             | you that your right to the subscription is terminated if
             | you do so.
        
               | phpisthebest wrote:
               | I am not conflating anything, I am reading section 1.4 of
               | the agreement which specifically 1.4 that says
               | 
               | > Agreement establishes the rights and obligations
               | associated with Subscription Services and is not intended
               | to limit your rights to software code under the terms of
               | an open source license
               | 
               | So if the preceding section 1.2(F) and 1.2(G) do prohibit
               | redistribution of SOURCE CODE, then it is in fact
               | limiting your rights under to software code under the
               | terms of an open source license.
               | 
               | 1.2(F) and 1.2(G) would limit your right to distribute
               | "software" generally defined a complied code, but not
               | source code.
        
             | freedomben wrote:
             | Yep you can redistribute it. But they can terminate your
             | subscription so they don't have to give you the next round
             | of updates. Basically a new "customer" would have to pop up
             | and leak the sources each time there is an update to a
             | package for a bug-for-bug RHEL clone to exist
        
       | a2tech wrote:
       | I don't understand what game IBM is playing with Red Hat. I was
       | under the impression they were profitable prior to the
       | acquisition so I'm not sure why they're squeezing so hard and
       | ruining the great brand and good will Red Hat had built up.
        
         | Timon3 wrote:
         | IBM is stuck in a cycle of constant re-invention, because they
         | somehow manage to always re-invent themselves in ways that are
         | even worse and more complicated for customers, which they try
         | to fix by re-inventing themselves again. Even if they initially
         | planned on leaving Red Hat alone, every re-invention is a
         | chance for some executive to make the decision to squeeze a
         | little tighter on existing customers. So the question shouldn't
         | be "what game is IBM playing with Red Hat", but "how long until
         | nothing usable is left". I'd say maybe 20 more re-inventions,
         | or 1-2 years.
        
           | zitterbewegung wrote:
           | I think you are being very pessimistic. All of their
           | acquisitions are used to fund reinventions but due to their
           | existing mainframe and other support contracts it makes a
           | moat that people have a hard time crossing. I could see
           | Oracle being merged or bought by IBM.
        
             | 0x0000000 wrote:
             | > I could see Oracle being merged or bought by IBM.
             | 
             | Their market caps are almost identical, and personally I'd
             | say it'll be a cold day in hell before Oracle merges with,
             | nevermind is acquired by, IBM.
        
             | Timon3 wrote:
             | I definitely am pessimistic, but that is probably due to my
             | time working for them :) I can't remember any acquisition
             | during my time there that didn't get significantly worse.
             | Red Hat was the one hold-out, but this thread is example
             | enough for me to know that nothing has changed since.
        
           | 5e92cb50239222b wrote:
           | Yet they're still way older than most tech companies. I'd
           | wager they will outlive 99.99% of those unicorn startups yet.
        
             | taeric wrote:
             | How much of that is lingering brand value, though? That and
             | simple ties into existing and old industries.
             | 
             | You are also comparing to startups? Which... yes, most
             | things die. Sometimes, it is the old things that die. Often
             | taking a lot of other younger things with them.
        
             | anyoneamous wrote:
             | Immortality is a curse, not a blessing.
        
             | Fordec wrote:
             | The Lindy Effect.[0]
             | 
             | [0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindy_effect
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | Many startups can only dream of being as long and influential
           | as IBM is.
           | 
           | Also note that IBM contributions to Linux kernel in 2000, was
           | one of the reasons it actually took off.
        
             | josefx wrote:
             | > IBM contributions to Linux kernel in 2000
             | 
             | That was quarter a century ago.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | In fact, now they own most relevant projects.
        
             | Timon3 wrote:
             | > Many startups can only dream of being as long and
             | influential as IBM is.
             | 
             | Okay? Do you feel attacked because I wrote something
             | negative about IBM? Not sure how that is relevant to my
             | point.
             | 
             | > Also note that IBM contributions to Linux kernel in 2000,
             | was one of the reasons it actually took off.
             | 
             | And that influences the motivations behind their current
             | decisions how exactly?
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Me attacked, not all.
               | 
               | HN loves to hate Oracle, IBM, SAP, Adobe and friends,
               | without getting the point that many startups that go
               | through HN programs never achieve half of what they
               | produce.
        
               | Timon3 wrote:
               | What do startups have to do with IBMs business direction
               | and processes? How does this relate to my point? Not
               | every startup being successful somehow means that I
               | shouldn't comment on IBMs recent business decisions?
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | A matter of perspective into actual influence into the
               | capitalist US society.
        
               | dizhn wrote:
               | We seem to even be hating on RedHat now. (I was bummed
               | about the Centos thing too). People on this thread are
               | acting like Redhat doesn't even release any free
               | software.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | I'd argue that IBM's contributions in that timeframe were
             | more about about validating it from a large business
             | perspective than about technical contributions (that tended
             | to focus on large system performance which wasn't actually
             | that important for Linux taking off).
        
               | jamiesonbecker wrote:
               | Yes, certifying DB2 for Linux (back in 1998,
               | https://slashdot.org/index2.pl?fhfilter=db2+linux, scroll
               | to bottom) was an absolutely earth-shattering event that
               | announced that Linux had arrived. I think that event (and
               | of course Oracle and Sybase a few months prior) really
               | sounded the death knell for big-iron UNIX.
               | 
               | But in 1999, IBM ported Linux to run on System 390
               | (https://slashdot.org/index2.pl?fhfilter=mainframe+linux)
               | and I remember there was a story that some IBM scientist
               | booted more than 30,000 Linux instances on a mainframe on
               | his lunch break. This research led to the big SUSE
               | partnership, as well as open-sourcing other enterprise-y
               | software like JFS and putting a big devteam to make the
               | kernel ready for real SMP (Linux didn't have
               | efficient+mature SMP even into the early aughts, although
               | a few companies had built some massive SMP boxes.)
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | >Linux didn't have efficient+mature SMP even into the
               | early aughts, although a few companies had built some
               | massive SMP boxes
               | 
               | Including IBM. (Forget when they did their big stackable
               | X-series server.) A lot of the tech eventually became
               | applicable to even super-mainstream dual-socket servers
               | but I wonder how much money was largely wasted on
               | building and trying to sell larger scale-up boxes.
               | 
               | But, yeah, IBM was one of the big investors in OSDL (and
               | their own Linux Technology Center) which had a lot of
               | scale-up focus which made a lot of the legal claims of
               | another 3-letter company pretty much misaligned with the
               | timeline.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Well, that is playing what-ifs with IBM, Intel, Compaq
               | and Oracle initial set of contributions in 2000.
        
               | PAPPPmAc wrote:
               | "Large" wasn't a very big standard at the time.
               | 
               | Linux's multiprocessor support was ...lackluster at
               | best... prior to IBM contributing all the Sequent (Dynix)
               | derived multiprocessing stuff. Hyperthreading/Multicore
               | started to get "normal" even in consumer systems only a
               | couple years later, so that injection was pretty
               | critical.
               | 
               | Likewise, a lot of Linux's development inertia and
               | cultural acceptance came from being a cheap and
               | consistent alternative to screwing around with the
               | profusion of expensive and mutually incompatible
               | proprietary Unixes in the Server and (as clusters co-
               | evolved) HPC market.
               | 
               | On the broader issue, the tension here is that IBM thinks
               | the value proposition of RHEL is "Supported" and (I
               | suspect) almost everyone else regards the value
               | proposition of RHEL as "standard base." I think it's more
               | likely that the "standard base" for srs bsns Linux in the
               | markets where RHEL is the standard would rebase than IBM
               | having any success trying to squeeze customers, and if
               | that happens the value of "Owning RHEL" suddenly shrinks
               | dramatically. Honestly, all it would take is the RHEL-
               | likes like Alma and Rocky to agree on a coordination
               | mechanism that isn't matching RHEL - could be through a
               | major public interest like CERN, could be through an
               | existing commercial interest like coordinating with
               | Oracle (ew), could be via one of the several entities
               | that does commercial support for RHEL-likes ... there are
               | options.
               | 
               | Oracle being a gigantic litigious parasite on society is
               | a broader issue, and I understand regarding commercial
               | RHEL-likes as more of a problem, but even they have been
               | funding a lot of backport-to-LTS type work.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | >Linux's multiprocessor support was ...lackluster at
               | best... prior to IBM contributing all the Sequent (Dynix)
               | derived multiprocessing stuff. Hyperthreading/Multicore
               | started to get "normal" even in consumer systems only a
               | couple years later, so that injection was pretty
               | critical.
               | 
               | It was certainly needed over time but capabilities from
               | things like RCU out of Sequent weren't that important in
               | the 2000 timeframe. And a lot of IBM's contributions
               | didn't come online until the v4 kernel.
               | 
               | None of this is to minimize IBM's contributions to Linux
               | over time but I'd argue pretty strongly that IBM's
               | endorsement of Linux for enterprises in January 2000 is
               | what really moved the needle in the short run.
               | 
               | Here's what one of the people most directly involved told
               | me a few years ago:
               | 
               | "By the late 90s, it was clear that Linux was becoming
               | more and more important. And we formed a major task force
               | to see to what extent IBM should embrace Linux and this
               | happened in 1999. And the task force came back and said,
               | we absolutely should embrace Linux, that it was going to
               | be an incredibly important part of computing, that we
               | should embrace Linux across all of IBM's offerings. And
               | that IBM should become a major supporter of Linux.
               | 
               | "And I still remember very well in December of '99, I
               | called Sam Palmisano, the head of IBM Systems Group. And
               | I said, Sam, the task force recommends that we should
               | embrace Linux. And Sam said, okay, Irving, we will do
               | that. But you have to now come over and run an IBM Linux
               | initiative. And I said to Sam, okay, we were pretty much
               | done with our internet strategy. So I was no longer
               | needed to run the Internet division And I said to Sam,
               | when do you want to announce it? And Sam said, how about
               | now? And I said Sam. It's the Christmas holidays. Maybe
               | we should wait until the new year. And in the second week
               | of January of 2000, we made a major announcement saying
               | that IBM would embrace Linux across all of these
               | offerings. And in fact, later that month in January of
               | 2000, I gave a keynote at LinuxWorld, which was taking
               | place in the Javits Center in New York City, about IBM's
               | Linux initiative.
               | 
               | "At some level, the rest is history."
        
               | PAPPPmAc wrote:
               | I was mixing up where the big multiprocessor changes that
               | went into the 2.5 series in that 2000-2005 era came from.
               | 
               | I was thinking of the the basic kernel preemption stuff
               | and sched_setaffinity syscall + userspace plumbing like
               | taskset that is _extremely_ consequential on little
               | multicore/SMT machines, but the prominent name on a lot
               | of that was Robert Love and he was at MontaVista at the
               | time.
               | 
               | The Dynix parts that arrived via IBM were, as you say,
               | mostly NUMA and RCU stuff based on Paul McKenney's work,
               | which also went in in the same major overhaul during the
               | 2.5 series but weren't quite so immediately consequential
               | to smaller systems.
               | 
               | I hadn't heard that anecdote, but that is a neat tale of
               | IBM using their gravitas at the time to legitimize Linux.
        
               | jabl wrote:
               | SGI also did a lot of scalability work in that time
               | frame, as part of their migration from MIPS+Irix to
               | Itanium+Linux. In the end they got Linux working on IIRC
               | up to 4096 processors.
        
               | jamiesonbecker wrote:
               | And who can forget "peace, love, Linux" ;)
               | 
               | https://www.zdnet.com/article/ibm-gets-100000-fine-for-
               | peace...
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Or the "prodigy" series of TV ads that were pitched for
               | CEOs and Prime Ministers according to the then-head of
               | IBM advertising.
        
             | kermatt wrote:
             | Many startups can only dream of being as long and
             | influential as IBM _was_.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Champion in patents per year in tech, Red-Hat, 2nd major
               | Java implementation, one of the few vendors in quantum
               | computing.
               | 
               | That alone looks quite alright for a dying company.
        
               | StillBored wrote:
               | Except roll the clock back a bit and your would have been
               | talking about Lotus, Machine Learning, and Unix/PowerPC.
               | 
               | And we see what IBM has done with leadership in those
               | areas, as well as a long line of other areas where they
               | somehow managed to turn themselves into a 3rd rate
               | competitor despite being in the right place at the right
               | time.
               | 
               | So, you have to ask yourself, for example how its
               | possible that people are falling over themselves to build
               | a RISCv ecosystem from the ground up, when openpower has
               | been around for a decade now, and IBMs been looking for
               | partners there since the original AIM alliance.
        
         | throwaway12245 wrote:
         | IBM bought Lotus 1-2-3. Looks like the same playbook.
        
           | jmclnx wrote:
           | Yes.
           | 
           | They bought it for Notes, Notes was good before IBM purchased
           | it, rel 4 was pretty good. New Releases it got worse and
           | worse. They finally dumped it I think two years ago and sold
           | it to another company.
        
         | rodgerd wrote:
         | > I don't understand what game IBM is playing with Red Hat.
         | 
         | IBM is doing the thing IBM knows how to do, which is have their
         | internal politics, honed over a century or so, dictate the
         | customer experience.
        
         | kermatt wrote:
         | > I was under the impression they were profitable prior to the
         | acquisition so I'm not sure why they're squeezing so hard and
         | ruining the great brand and good will Red Hat had built up.
         | 
         | Some growth metric that can't be realized quick enough through
         | innovation (new products or services), so the only recourse is
         | to cut costs or get more revenue from existing products without
         | improving them.
        
         | windexh8er wrote:
         | > I don't understand what game IBM is playing with Red Hat.
         | 
         | And this is yet another part of the reason why I don't
         | understand the big push for RedHat specific tooling. Podman
         | comes up a lot. But, just like with everything RHEL it seems as
         | though RedHat / IBM wants to be the Apple of Linux. I'm not a
         | fan of that. I also don't believe IBM is a good steward of OSS
         | based on how I've seen them try to sell it in the enterprise.
        
           | anyoneamous wrote:
           | > I don't understand the big push for RedHat specific tooling
           | 
           | I'd wager it is driven by RH simply being "least worst" of
           | the options which can be relied on to stick around long
           | enough for enterprise users.
           | 
           | Canonical are doing their best to screw the pooch with snap
           | and similar nonsense, leaving the only other option being
           | cobbling together a collection of tools from fly-by-night
           | small projects - which might go full unicorn-wannabe and
           | adopt an open-core SaaS model any second.
        
             | mjevans wrote:
             | Debian? Maybe SUSE?
             | 
             | Offhand I don't know enterprise level support for any of
             | them, but I expect 'support' solutions are offered for all
             | of them, even if not first party as an outside source.
        
               | anyoneamous wrote:
               | SUSE is the other one I thought about mentioning - but I
               | have only really seen it used with SAP.
               | 
               | A big part of the problem is ISVs refusing to test their
               | software on more than just RH - which is not in itself a
               | totally unreasonable position - but it does now give IBM
               | too much clout.
        
         | adql wrote:
         | The same game they play with their main customers, make sure
         | they will have more and more problems leaving.
        
         | passterby wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | a_subsystem wrote:
         | IBM is slowly ruining everything they produce. Their systems
         | are incredibly secure because it's extremely difficult to even
         | run them normally as an operator, much less hack in. The
         | byzantine/circular documentation and downloads pages on their
         | site are woefully inadequate in enabling developers. Web
         | searches reveal little information if you have a problem, as
         | not many people run these systems. You generally have to pay
         | stunning amounts to 3rd party professionals to manage your
         | platform for even what should be relatively simple things like
         | patching (PTFs), OS updates, and language upgrades. They will
         | balk if you tell them they have bugs in their systems unless
         | you can produce code yourself pinpointing the problem. They
         | aren't interested in working with schools/universities to train
         | young people to create fresh workers knowledgeable on their
         | systems. Seems like they are milking the company and coasting
         | until it expires.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | barbariangrunge wrote:
           | When I think of ibm, I think of how my wife had to attend
           | special training on how to get paid at her government job due
           | to how unreliable and chaotic the phoenix payroll system is.
           | How it's sometimes like a part time job sorting through it,
           | and how they are all given time each month as needed to spend
           | days on the phone trying to get somebody to manually fix
           | issues that come up
           | 
           | > By July 2018, Phoenix has caused pay problems to close to
           | 80 percent of the federal government's 290,000 public
           | servants through underpayments, over-payments, and non-
           | payments.
           | 
           | > Instead of saving $70 million a year as planned, the report
           | said that the cost to taxpayers to fix Phoenix's problems
           | could reach a total of $2.2 billion by 2023
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_pay_system
        
             | a_subsystem wrote:
             | Maybe it's still going through the turning into ashes part.
        
           | mananaysiempre wrote:
           | IBM has known how to play vendor lock-in and death by a
           | thousand related products since before computers could fetch
           | instructions from memory, when most of the world still
           | thought just shipping what their customers need was where
           | it's at. (Evidently--if unfortunately for my worldview--that
           | doesn't contradict there being a lot of very good engineers
           | there.) They may be dying a slow death, I don't know for sure
           | but I can imagine that, but just making their stuff worse for
           | business reasons is not by itself a symptom of that--it's
           | simply part of their normal lifecycle.
        
           | godzillabrennus wrote:
           | I heard from a former employee at IBM that management has
           | been offended the media used FAANG to describe big tech,
           | because they are delusional and still think they are relevant
           | enough to be big tech...
        
             | krylon wrote:
             | The slightly, but not too much, sad part is that if they
             | had played their cards right, IBM could be a lot more
             | relevant today than it is. Some aspects of their tech still
             | are quite impressive and unmatched by offerings in the open
             | systems space.
             | 
             | But the profit margins on their mainframe business are
             | (last I heard anything about it) _really_ juicy, and in
             | today 's business world, that appears to incentivize IBM
             | management to go for the low hanging fruit of milking that
             | while effectively cannibalizing their own market in the
             | long run.
        
       | BossingAround wrote:
       | I don't get what's the big deal--essentially the only thing being
       | lost is a pointer to commit that marks the difference between
       | RHEL X.Y and X.Y+1..?
        
         | marwatk wrote:
         | RedHat spends a lot of time back-porting security updates to
         | older software (e.g. RHEL7). Stream is always only the latest
         | RHEL version, I believe.
         | 
         | The whole point of RHEL is the long term support (the back-
         | porting), which is what they're going to stop publishing.
        
           | trufas wrote:
           | CentOS 7 is supported and will be EOL at the same time as
           | RHEL 7.
           | 
           | Stream does have major versions so you can continue to use
           | CentOS Stream 8 and get backports. You only lose anything if
           | you're tied to some minor version of EL for some reason.
        
         | pavon wrote:
         | RHEL X.Y isn't a simple snapshot of CentOS Stream X at a
         | specific point. It is a fork of CentOS Stream, with cherry-
         | picks and so on. The specific details of what patches made it
         | into RHEL and when and how to create reproducible builds are
         | now only being provided to customers.
         | 
         | In the past, customers have been able to redistribute the RHEL
         | repos freely. I assume that will remain the case as long as
         | CentOS Stream is open source.
         | 
         | Edit: Actually, it wouldn't surprise me if IBM put some content
         | in the RHEL repo that is under restrictive licenses that
         | couldn't be redistributed just to complicate things, but all
         | the important parts will remain open source, due to close ties
         | to CentOS Stream and Fedora. Rocky/Alma already have to replace
         | trademarks, and this wouldn't be much different, but they would
         | have to obtain access to the repos as customers themselves, or
         | have another customer strip the bad stuff out before throwing
         | it over the fence. We'll have to see how hostile they want to
         | be about it.
        
           | mroche wrote:
           | > _In the past, customers have been able to redistribute the
           | RHEL repos freely. I assume that will remain the case as long
           | as CentOS Stream is open source._
           | 
           | There's a duality here. Yes, by the nature of the
           | distribution, GPL, and licensing general, Red Hat cannot stop
           | or prevent a customer from distributing RHEL packages and
           | software to third parties. However, Red Hat reserves the
           | right to terminate any existing subscriptions a customer may
           | have as a result of their package distributing. IIRC, the
           | Enterprise Agreement makes it pretty clear the services and
           | offerings provided by the subscription are for the customer
           | and the customer only. Going outside of that violates the
           | subscription's terms, not the softwares' licenses, therefore
           | allowing Red Hat to end business with said customer.
           | 
           | For those concerned about the final year of CentOS 7: it will
           | not be touched. It will continue to see source exports to
           | git.centos.org as there is no parallel CentOS Stream 7
           | platform. Also, git.centos.org is not EOL either because it
           | is used by other groups than Red Hat, like CentOS Special
           | Interest Groups.
        
             | Phrodo_00 wrote:
             | > Red Hat cannot stop or prevent a customer from
             | distributing RHEL packages and software to third parties.
             | However, Red Hat reserves the right to terminate any
             | existing subscriptions a customer may have as a result of
             | their package distributing.
             | 
             | IANAL, but not so sure about that. From GPLv3:
             | 
             | > You may not impose any further restrictions on the
             | exercise of the rights granted or affirmed under this
             | License. For example, you may not impose a license fee,
             | royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights granted
             | under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
             | (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit)
             | alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making,
             | using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program
             | or any portion of it.
             | 
             | That sounds like a further restriction.
        
               | vamega wrote:
               | I don't think it is a further restriction on the rights
               | you have. Those rights extend to the code you have, they
               | are only terminating the business relationship going
               | forward.
               | 
               | Not a lawyer, so maybe someone else more knowledgeable
               | about the space will expand on this.
               | 
               | I imagine that RH/IBM has had lawyers look into this
               | before the policy was announced.
        
               | 0x0000000 wrote:
               | Linux is GPLv2, not Linux GPLv3. V2 does have a similar
               | line in it:
               | 
               | > You may not impose any further restrictions on the
               | recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
               | 
               | But I expect we'd have to see litigation to determine how
               | broadly that can be interpreted.
               | 
               | Is applying a consequence as a result of an action the
               | same as restricting that action?
        
               | Phrodo_00 wrote:
               | > Is applying a consequence as a result of an action the
               | same as restricting that action?
               | 
               | I mean, I don't disagree this needs to be tested in court
               | if it hasn't, but what alternative ways of restriction do
               | you think this is referring to? Do you expect it to only
               | apply to the distributor physically restraining the
               | licensee when attempting to redistribute it? Even the
               | examples given in the license such as imposing fees are
               | applying a consequence.
        
               | pavon wrote:
               | Yeah this is really pushing a gray area. Looking at it
               | one way Red Hat is not obligated to do business with
               | anyone, and if they stop doing business with a customer
               | that customer still has all the rights granted to them by
               | licenses of software they have already received, so in
               | that sense Red Hat hasn't restricted the customer's
               | rights in that software.
               | 
               | However, on the other hand refusing to do business with
               | someone in retaliation for exercising the rights granted
               | by the licenses smells a lot like a restriction.
        
           | JeremyNT wrote:
           | > Actually, it wouldn't surprise me if IBM put some content
           | in the RHEL repo that is under restrictive licenses that
           | couldn't be redistributed just to complicate things, but all
           | the important parts will remain open source, due to close
           | ties to CentOS Stream and Fedora.
           | 
           | I'm not so sure. They're obligated to release the GPL'd code,
           | which of course covers Linux itself, but they're under no
           | such obligation for the non-GPL'd software they include.
           | 
           | They could license their RHEL-specific backport patches for
           | non-GPL'd software such that they could _not_ be
           | redistributed, and if that code gets merged into CentOS
           | Stream it could just be dual licensed from that port forward
           | (so Stream could stay open but RHEL would be locked down).
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | RedShift1 wrote:
       | Looks like this will be the end of the road for RHEL based
       | distros for me... I love using AlmaLinux, always super stable and
       | everything just works (at least for what I use it). I guess the
       | next best option will be SUSE?
        
         | glutee wrote:
         | Isn't 'everything just works' because it is a rebuild of RHEL
         | sources? I don't know how else it claims to have 1:1 ABI
         | compatibility witb RHEL otherwise?
        
         | voidz wrote:
         | NixOS.
        
           | t0astbread wrote:
           | Just as a word of warning (because I can't tell if this is
           | satire): NixOS does not provide the same experience as a
           | typical Red Hat or Debian-derived distro. It's a vastly
           | different paradigm where your system (including its
           | configuration, packages, etc.) consists (almost) entirely of
           | the output of a program you write in a functional language.
           | 
           | I think it's phenomenal and worth a try (or multiple; I
           | didn't get it the first or second time but now I wouldn't
           | want to go back to something else). But if you go in
           | expecting a traditional Linux distro, you will be
           | disappointed/confused.
        
         | lost_tourist wrote:
         | debian stable
        
         | Cu3PO42 wrote:
         | I suppose SUSE makes a lot of sense. Until some time ago SUSE
         | Linux Enterprise Server and openSUSE were related, but not
         | exactly the same. That changed with Leap 15.3, since which
         | openSUSE is now based on the same packages as SLE.
         | 
         | I've been personally using Tumbleweed on my personal devices
         | and it's been great. I've not had a single issue with stability
         | and almost always gotten extremely recent versions of software.
        
           | deceptionatd wrote:
           | I've also had great experiences with Tumbleweed for the most
           | part, but be careful using ZFS, as it frequently breaks with
           | updates. Probably not something most people use, but it does
           | force me to run Leap on my home server.
        
           | fariszr wrote:
           | My main issue with SUSE is 3rd party support. For example
           | docker doesn't have an official repo for openSUSE/SUSE, so
           | you are stuck with their outdated version or Podman, which is
           | also outdated.
        
       | adql wrote:
       | And the IBMization of Red Hat continues
        
       | chasil wrote:
       | If Red Hat chooses not to perform their duties under the GPL,
       | then any holder of copyright can require Red Hat to remove the
       | owner's source packages from the commercial distribution.
       | 
       | Red Hat could minimally perform this duty by providing the source
       | only to those who download the binary releases. As there are
       | several avenues for free downloads (developer, 16 free licenses
       | for small business, etc.), the source will be available by that
       | route.
        
         | 5e92cb50239222b wrote:
         | I doubt most RHEL packages use the GPL. They were publishing
         | full source out of goodness of their hearts (or maybe to
         | conquer more market share and then potentially convert some of
         | that into sales if you're more cynical).
        
           | chasil wrote:
           | The kernel, the compiler, the C library, and the init system
           | have more sway than various packages under BSD, MIT, or other
           | licensing.
        
             | WesolyKubeczek wrote:
             | But then I'm laughing in OpenSSL.
        
             | 5e92cb50239222b wrote:
             | It was more about the second part of your comment. Even if
             | they're forced into providing source for the few essential
             | system libraries (plus the kernel), I don't see what it
             | gives you without the rest of the system (most of which is
             | under pushover licenses because we can't learn from our
             | mistakes).
        
         | pavon wrote:
         | > Red Hat could minimally perform this duty by providing the
         | source only to those who download the binary releases.
         | 
         | The article states clearly that they are doing this, no need to
         | speculate.
        
           | axus wrote:
           | Currently you need a Red Hat account to download an ISO
           | image, but you don't need to be a customer. IBM/Red Hat's
           | announcement says that you need to be a customer or partner
           | to download the source, so one could be able to download
           | binary but refused the source.
           | 
           | I also wonder how it will go if AWS provides RHEL for a
           | server, and you ask them for the source.
        
         | dralley wrote:
         | >Red Hat could minimally perform this duty by providing the
         | source only to those who download the binary releases. As there
         | are several avenues for free downloads (developer, 16 free
         | licenses for small business, etc.), the source will be
         | available by that route.
         | 
         | If you read the original announcement, this is exactly the case
         | 
         | "For Red Hat customers and partners, source code will remain
         | available via the Red Hat Customer Portal."
         | 
         | In theory nothing prevents Rocky and Alma from buying a
         | license, downloading the sources, and rebuilding the packages
         | from there. The terms of service restrict only redistribution
         | of binaries, not sources, and the GPL dictates that those would
         | remain available.
        
           | bonzini wrote:
           | Rocky and Alma will just use CentOS Stream distgit sources on
           | GitLab, just like Facebook does for their internal rebuild.
        
         | BossingAround wrote:
         | CentOS Stream source code is available.
        
           | chasil wrote:
           | CentOS stream is not RHEL, and that is what will be needed by
           | Rocky, Alma, and Oracle.
           | 
           | I don't think it will be much more difficult to obtain.
        
             | bonzini wrote:
             | IIUC (I work for Red Hat but not on how sources are
             | distributed), there is absolutely no change in practice.
             | 
             | CentOS Stream RPM sources are stored in GitLab therefore
             | the whole history is available including past minor
             | releases of RHEL. The only change is that the repositories
             | will not be mirrored to git.centos.org.
        
               | mroche wrote:
               | Some clarification is needed here.
               | 
               | git.centos.org (g.c.o) has been the historical canonical
               | local for RHEL sources that have been exported out of Red
               | Hat. On any given package you would see several branches,
               | one for each major release and other organizational
               | artifacts (e.g. c7, c8, c9, etc). Initially CentOS Stream
               | 9 was exported to g.c.o as it wasn't a true upstream in
               | the full sense of the word, but with CentOS Stream 9 that
               | changed. c9s is developed in full on GitLab, and now c8s
               | as well, while the final RHEL sources for those packages
               | are still output to the c8 and c9 branches on g.c.o.
               | 
               | What changes here is that Red Hat will no longer be
               | exporting the c8 and c9 content to _any_ git platform (c7
               | will continue as exists until its EOL). Customers can
               | access sources as needed via the Customer Portal and CDN
               | repositories, but sources in git form will not be
               | publicly available for those artifacts. Moving forward,
               | only c8s and c9s sources will be available, and g.c.o
               | will not see any updates for EL8 and EL9.
               | 
               | While most (I'd estimate at least 95%) of the platform
               | will match in terms of NEVRA between versions available
               | in CentOS Stream and their RHEL counterparts, there are
               | some packages that will not due to the way they are
               | developed.
        
       | jmclnx wrote:
       | I find it hard to believe RHEL will get away with this. I hope
       | the Linux Foundation weighs in, but it seems to have been bought
       | by IBM, Microsoft, Oracle and many other large corps.
       | 
       | All the drama in Linux with Wayland, RHEL sponsored init,
       | snap/flatpak and now IBM/RHEL has been causing me to seriously
       | evaluate the BSDs. I have been doing that for a couple of years.
       | 
       | I would be fully on OpenBSD now, but the hardware I have is one
       | of those with 2 videos, integrated and Nvidia. And that system
       | does NOT allow me to disable the Nvidia Chip.
       | 
       | When using Nvidia, that chip is correctly ignored by OpenBSD, but
       | it gets so hot I can almost fry an egg on it. I have some
       | mitigations in place, but it still gets rather hot, CPU and disk
       | stays normal.
       | 
       | The same is true with NetBSD, I have not tried FreeBSD yet.
       | 
       | This RHEL thing may be the last straw, I may bite the bullet and
       | see if the heat causes failures and if so evaluate this:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36292831
       | 
       | FWIW, I did add paste, a full cleaning. And this was purchased
       | used rather cheaply 2 years ago. It is 9 years old now.
       | 
       | Why am I bothered by this ? This seems to be a weak first step of
       | companies making Linux go proprietary. Already we need many
       | proprietary blobs.
       | 
       | And funny, NASA just signed a contract with Rocky and CERN went
       | with AlmaLinux,
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36417968
        
         | Sunspark wrote:
         | The BSD with the most support for Nvidia is the one you never
         | tried. Arguably it's the only BSD that is best suited for a
         | desktop user. Also has better wifi support as well.
         | 
         | We all want to love BSD, and it does get love in proprietary
         | spaces like Netflix, Playstation and Apple, but those companies
         | have the resources to actually create the pieces they need and
         | do not have an obligation to share it. (E.g. MacOS is literally
         | a certified UNIX, but the GUI layers are private.)
         | 
         | For non-corporate users, in some ways it is like what Debian
         | faced when they realized they really did need to start
         | including wifi firmware into the install media, because people
         | were like, why doesn't this connect to the router? What's wrong
         | with this? This is actually something that I've run into
         | personally.
         | 
         | At the end of the day though, BSD isn't realistic as a desktop.
         | OpenBSD disables stuff for security reasons which harms
         | performance, so it wouldn't be first choice as a desktop.
         | NetBSD is what Open forked off of many years ago and I recall
         | NetBSD as one of those "let's try to make it install on
         | anything" show and tell pieces, but not something you'd really
         | be using for anything. FreeBSD was the only one that was
         | reasonably usable. Dragonfly is another fork (this time off
         | FreeBSD).
         | 
         | All of them have to port the Linux video drivers, Linux
         | desktops, etc.
         | 
         | It's actually somewhat unusual that Linux is the one that won
         | the battle for resources, because corporations hate sharing and
         | being open.
        
         | jzb wrote:
         | "I find it hard to believe RHEL will get away with this. I hope
         | the Linux Foundation weighs in"
         | 
         | I'm curious what role you think the LF plays here, or what
         | they'd do to prevent Red Hat from "getting away" with doing
         | something that is entirely within Red Hat's rights to do.
         | 
         | The Linux Foundation is a trade organization. It was created
         | from the merger of the Open Source Development Labs (OSDL) and
         | Free Standards Group. The OSDL was funded by several large
         | corporations - including IBM, Intel, HP, Fujitsu and others.
         | 
         | LF wasn't "bought" by IBM and others. It was literally created
         | by them. Granted, Microsoft is a newcomer (relatively
         | speaking). But the LF is and always has been a trade
         | organization that supports the interest of companies that want
         | to do business with open source.
        
         | rodgerd wrote:
         | > I hope the Linux Foundation weighs in
         | 
         | The LF who fought attempts to hold VMware accountable for
         | alleged GPL breaches?
        
         | jacooper wrote:
         | What drama with Wayland or flatpak? Its what the community has
         | decided, every distro except Ubuntu has adopted flatpak. And
         | Wayland is the default for both KDE and Gnome.
        
       | LostLocalMan wrote:
       | I wonder what the impact will be to amazon linux
        
         | gtirloni wrote:
         | Amazon Linux 2023 is based on Fedora so they probably saw this
         | coming.
         | 
         | https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/relationship-to-...
        
       | fariszr wrote:
       | Something worth mentioning, is that RHEL has a free Developer
       | subscription, which includes 16 free dedicated devices.
       | 
       | The only issue is that many cloud providers don't have RHEL as an
       | OS option, so you can't use it on your average cheap VPS.
       | 
       | That assumes you trust them not to do another rug pull (CentOS 8)
        
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