[HN Gopher] NASA secures contract with Rocky Enterprise Linux
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       NASA secures contract with Rocky Enterprise Linux
        
       Author : InitEnabler
       Score  : 175 points
       Date   : 2023-06-21 13:07 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (sam.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (sam.gov)
        
       | Nifty3929 wrote:
       | This headline reads backwards to me. While it would be true
       | either way, it seems more intuitive to say "Rocky Enterprise
       | Linux secures contract with NASA"
        
       | activiation wrote:
       | How new is sam.gov?
        
         | linuxdude314 wrote:
         | Very old.
        
       | neilv wrote:
       | Wikipedia:
       | 
       | > _Rocky Linux is a Linux distribution developed by Rocky
       | Enterprise Software Foundation, which is a privately owned
       | benefit corporation that describes itself as a "self-imposed not-
       | for-profit"._
       | 
       | Is this only a structure set up to fund whatever needed to be
       | done to rebrand RHEL? Or does anyone have shares that could be
       | worth significant money?
        
       | Luctct wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | 5e92cb50239222b wrote:
       | I wonder why they didn't follow Fermilab and CERN and choose
       | AlmaLinux.
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33904336
        
         | leocrat wrote:
         | Because Alma has ties to Russia.
        
           | jaboutboul wrote:
           | This is totally FUD
        
             | zxspectrum1982 wrote:
             | No, it's not. Alma was founded by CloudLinux, which is a
             | Russian company with a Russian owner, mostly Russian and
             | Eastern Europe developers and fake US address. As of today,
             | CloudLinux still plays a critical role in Alma.
        
       | aednichols wrote:
       | How do I choose between Rocky and Almalinux? Or is it just not a
       | big enough difference to worry about?
        
         | bityard wrote:
         | Last I looked, there was no real difference. I don't know if
         | there would be any politics preventing it, but I would not be
         | too surprised if they merged at some point.
        
         | infinet wrote:
         | Almalinux releases faster, and patches faster than Rocky.
        
         | bongobingo1 wrote:
         | They have different organisation structures, where Alma is a
         | 501c Non-profit and Rocky is a backed by a B-Corp, so _in my
         | head_ I read one of those as a community linux ie. Debian-
         | feeling, and the other aims to make money ie: Ubuntu-feeling.
         | That 's an extremely crude interpretation though, both need
         | cash to support themselves, so both need to make money some
         | how.
         | 
         | Day to day they should be by design, interchangeable. Rocky has
         | a nicer logo... This kind of ugly exchange on reddit[0] always
         | sort of soured my impression of Rocky though, didn't really
         | pass the lebowski test.
         | 
         | 0.
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/linux/comments/qv6mg2/were_the_alma...
        
         | lockhouse wrote:
         | Alma has been faster with releasing updates and security
         | patches from what I've seen.
        
           | senknvd wrote:
           | This seems to be true. However, looking at
           | https://rockylinux.org/news/rocky-linux-9-2-ga-release:
           | 
           |  _9.2 Release for PowerPC (ppc64le) architecture held back
           | 
           | During testing, we discovered an architecture-specific issue
           | on ppc64le systems with the bundled version of Python 3.9.
           | This issue not only prevents installing, but may break
           | existing installations.
           | 
           | This issue is reproducible on CentOS Stream 9 and RHEL 9.2.
           | We have opened a bug report upstream at rhbz#2203919 and are
           | working to fix the issue._
           | 
           | Seems like they hold back releases to do additional testing.
           | In this case, they avoided a bug that was present on RHEL
           | (and presumably AlmaLinux).
        
             | jaboutboul wrote:
             | https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2203919
        
       | jmclnx wrote:
       | What I find interesting is all the bureaucracy needed to get 3
       | licenses for a "Free" RHEL Clone.
       | 
       | I wonder of Rocky got some real $ from NASA ?
        
         | tssva wrote:
         | They didn't get 3 licenses for a "Free" RHEL Clone. You can't
         | purchase licenses for Rocky Linux. What they purchased was
         | support.
        
       | aardvarkr wrote:
       | Out of curiosity, what makes this notable?
        
         | candiddevmike wrote:
         | If Red Hat hadn't sunset CentOS/RHEL parity, none of this would
         | have happened, maybe. Rocky wouldn't exist.
        
           | Covzire wrote:
           | Would this have happened if IBM hadn't bought Redhat?
        
             | away271828 wrote:
             | Probably. Red Hat acquiring and then maintaining a failing
             | CentOS was one of those solved a problem at a couple times
             | things that just didn't make a lot of sense in the long run
             | (and was almost certainly a mistake).
        
               | axus wrote:
               | CentOS was great and I'm still using CentOS 7 until EOL.
               | I learned a lot from "the mouse" in the CentOS support
               | forum, and I hope the CentOS people made a living from
               | the deal. I've got no bad feelings towards Red Hat, as
               | long as they weren't coercing anyone against their will.
               | For new systems I use both Red Hat and Rocky.
        
         | spicyusername wrote:
         | It's another link in the Red-Hat-CentOS-drama chain.
         | 
         | I think many IT employees have a vested interest in Red Hat and
         | the direction of "enterprise Linux". Seeing an organization
         | like NASA show a willingness to use a Red Hat alternative gives
         | credibility to that alternative.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | osigurdson wrote:
           | Of course, if we do get an established leader, it will
           | ultimately see the same fate as Centos.
        
             | _joel wrote:
             | It's by the guy who setup CentOS originally, no?
        
           | dralley wrote:
           | Giving users the ability to have a choice in the direction of
           | "enterprise linux" is a large part of the reason that CentOS
           | Stream exists. Previously if you wanted some bug fixed or
           | some feature added you needed to beg Red Hat for it or hope
           | that a paying customer needed it too. Now external parties
           | can contribute to the future release of RHEL (and Rocky,
           | Alma, etc.)
           | 
           | So let's say that some Rocky or Alma Linux user or developer
           | wants to make a change. They are RHEL clones, so they can't
           | do that. But they can now contribute the change to CentOS
           | Stream, which is the upstream for both RHEL and their own
           | distro. That change can be reviewed and tested by the
           | community + Red Hat, and then land in RHEL a few months
           | later.
           | 
           | This isn't theoretical, to use one example, Facebook uses
           | CentOS Stream in production and contributes back a
           | significant amount.
           | 
           | Disclosure: I do work for Red Hat. But it never made sense to
           | me why people say that the "CentOS community was destroyed"
           | when it didn't really have much of a community, it had
           | _users_, which is different. It has more of a "community" now
           | than it did previously, because the development is actually
           | open as opposed to Android-style "throwing bundles of code
           | over the wall".
        
             | adql wrote:
             | > Giving users the ability to have a choice in the
             | direction of "enterprise linux" is the entire reason CentOS
             | Stream exists.
             | 
             | Pretty sure it's just for free beta testing
        
               | freedomben wrote:
               | More than one thing can be true at a time. GP's
               | explanation is one of the reasons. IMHO it's not the
               | _primary_ reason, but it is a legit entry in the  "pro"
               | column
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | Atreiden wrote:
         | I think this is notable because in the wake of RedHat changing
         | CentOS model changing from stable to bleeding-edge, there has
         | been a niche to fill in the enterprise-grade Linux space. Esp
         | for people running on-prem infra e.g. HPC. Do we settle on
         | Rocky? Alma? Amazon Linux2?
         | 
         | NASA seems to be taking the lead here and saying "we're going
         | with Rocky". I think this move will encourage others on the
         | fence to do the same, and build more of a community around the
         | product not owned/maintained by Amazon.
        
           | dralley wrote:
           | >bleeding-edge
           | 
           | CentOS Stream is not "bleeding edge". Every update that goes
           | into CentOS Stream has already gone through the Red Hat QA
           | process, and the updates are restricted to only the kinds of
           | things which previously would have gone into RHEL. That is,
           | mostly security updates and bugfixes.
           | 
           | It's a little bit ahead of RHEL, but it's not like Fedora,
           | much less Rawhide.
        
           | anyoneamous wrote:
           | > Esp for people running on-prem infra e.g. HPC. Do we settle
           | on Rocky? Alma? Amazon Linux2?
           | 
           | Given the stage of the lifecycle, you'd be pretty silly to
           | adopt AL2 on-prem at this point. AL2023 probably won't be
           | appropriate either. Rocky is the way to go.
        
           | freedomben wrote:
           | > _in the wake of RedHat changing CentOS model changing from
           | stable to bleeding-edge_
           | 
           | CentOS is now bleeding edge? Would you describe Debian Stable
           | as bleeding edge also? On your contiunuum, where would you
           | place Arch and Fedora?
        
       | tkuraku wrote:
       | I don't understand why they don't buy RHEL. Rocky is essentially
       | RHEL. If RHEL isn't supported there is no Rocky.
        
         | p_l wrote:
         | It's probably an evaluation in preparation for removing CentOS
         | in ways other than buying RHEL.
         | 
         | Federal agencies can't really use CentOS after 2024-06-30, so
         | everyone dealing with federal clients is working on an upgrade
         | path (CentOS was a major solution due to piggy backing on RHEL
         | certifications )
        
           | dralley wrote:
           | There is no Rocky Linux 7, and CentOS 8 is already EOL, so I
           | think it's a valid question.
        
             | p_l wrote:
             | There's a lot of CentOS 7 in various USGOV and adjacent
             | (suppliers/service providers) who are stuck facing purchase
             | of RHEL8/9 licenses or migrating to other distros - as
             | CentOS 7 going EOL on 2024-06-30 means you can't use it for
             | federal systems without each federal client getting a
             | waiver.
             | 
             | You have to either go with another distro or provide your
             | own support (essentially your own fork).
             | 
             | Those who want to stay with RHEL-like but not deal with
             | actual RHEL licensing are often going with Alma or Rocky.
        
         | mrweasel wrote:
         | There's also the question: If I buy support from Rocky Linux
         | and they provide a fix for something, then they'd need to
         | upstream it, or how much can they allow Rocky to drift from
         | RHEL, and for how long?
         | 
         | What if they surplant RedHat, can they afford to undermine
         | RedHat long term, or is there a point where they fork?
         | 
         | Rocky Linux, and CentOS before it, is a strange product for
         | people who want the benefits of RHEL, but don't want to pay for
         | RedHat work. If you don't want support, then I think is fine,
         | that the cost RedHat pays to be an open source company, but
         | when you then turn to another company who rebadge RHEL and
         | charge for support, it gets a little weird.
        
           | brewdad wrote:
           | Is this the software equivalent of buying a generic drug?
           | It's the same basic product but the details may make it work
           | just as well or less well for any specific user. If it works
           | for NASA and they save money, it seems like a win.
        
             | mrweasel wrote:
             | No quite, the generic drug makers can produce the product
             | from scratch without the help of original manufacturer.
             | Also RHEL is contentiously being developed, once a drug has
             | been designed, there's no requirement to keep it updated
             | (ruffly speaking). Rocky Linux is dependent on RedHat
             | staying in business.
             | 
             | The problem will only manifest itself if RedHats business
             | is sufficiently underminded. Losing a few customers isn't
             | an issue, and many of the users of Rocky Linux probably
             | wasn't going to buy a RHEL licens anyway.
        
       | jabl wrote:
       | Wonder if the timing of this is a coincidence, considering that
       | RedHat just announced they're stopping releasing RHEL sources
       | except to paying customers:
       | https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/furthering-evolution-centos-s...
       | 
       | Link submitted by someone at
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36417070
        
         | whatyesaid wrote:
         | Well, they killed CentOS so I would expect nothing less. What
         | would the recourse of Rocky/Alma be then?
        
         | totallywrong wrote:
         | I'd been wondering when that was going to happen. There's got
         | to be a point when you grow tired of Oracle, Rocky and the like
         | taking customers from you using your very own sources. That
         | said, it didn't seem to be a major issue before the CentOS mess
         | they created all by themselves.
        
           | omniglottal wrote:
           | It's important to be accurate when considering the actual
           | situation. With that in mind, please elaborate on the phrase
           | describing "sources" as though they are Red Hat's "very own".
           | Is this honestly the case, or are you forgetting something
           | truly relevant about the sources which Red Hat uses to build
           | its products, and the legal obligations which apply to any
           | users of those sources?
        
             | totallywrong wrote:
             | "Very own" as in you've put in the work to curate, test,
             | and bundle together a ton of disparate software to create a
             | cohesive final product. Let's not pretend that there isn't
             | a ton of value in that which these other companies are
             | taking advantage of.
        
             | edgyquant wrote:
             | You have to pay RedHat to use its software. Only giving
             | source code to paying customers doesn't violate the GPL
             | because of this. You only have to release sources to the
             | users of your software.
             | 
             | RedHat has been giving them away to everyone; but they are
             | not legally obligated to do so
        
               | Phrodo_00 wrote:
               | As an interesting addition, Red Hat can't stop their
               | customers from sharing GPL and LGPL package sources.
        
           | jacooper wrote:
           | But oracle or rocky can just subscribe to RHEL and continue
           | having access to the source code, right?
        
             | totallywrong wrote:
             | I suspect that republishing the sources will be against the
             | terms you agree to in your subscription.
        
               | jacooper wrote:
               | They can't add more terms on the GPL and call it GPLv3.
        
               | pavon wrote:
               | Yes they must abide by the terms of the licenses of the
               | software they redistribute. But they could start
               | licensing the parts they write more restrictively, like
               | RPM spec files. I don't think this will happen given how
               | much back and forth there is between RHEL and Fedora, but
               | IBM is in charge now.
        
               | m463 wrote:
               | I believe the GPL - which redhat must agree to when
               | redistributing binaries - prevents redhat from creating
               | that sort of restriction.
        
               | dralley wrote:
               | I don't believe the terms of service restrict (or even
               | could restrict, see GPL) the redistribution of _sources_.
               | Compiled binaries are another matter.
        
               | saltcured wrote:
               | The game that has been spelled out elsewhere is that the
               | subscription can be terminated for this violation of the
               | subscription terms of service (which is not the same
               | thing as the software license). This termination would
               | prevent you from receiving future versions of binaries or
               | sources.
               | 
               | So, RedHat can satisfy the letter of the law regarding
               | licensing, where source is distributed under GPL to those
               | who received the binaries. With each incremental binary
               | distribution they satisfy the GPL rules and makes source
               | available to the recipient of binaries, but they may cut
               | off a customer as soon as they detect that the customer
               | is actually exercising their full GPL rights. So that
               | customer loses access to future binaries and
               | corresponding sources.
               | 
               | This attitude violates the experience many of us take for
               | granted about free software and the GPL, where we expect
               | a community to be engaging as an equivalence class of
               | members sharing the same rights. But the GPL started with
               | provisions enabling this narrower sense. The source
               | distribution could be offered individually to each
               | recipient of binaries _or_ made generally available to
               | the public independent of any existing exchange of
               | binaries between two parties. So the GPL allowed the
               | recipient to transitively distribute the sources they
               | have received, but does not actually obligate the
               | original distributor to also provide sources to other
               | unrelated parties.
        
               | mananaysiempre wrote:
               | > So the GPL [...] does not actually obligate the
               | original distributor to also provide sources to other
               | unrelated parties.
               | 
               | It seems important to note that the Debian Free Software
               | Guidelines as applied by the Debian project specifically
               | exclude any software that requires providing source to
               | unrelated people this way (the "desert island" and
               | "dissident" tests[1]). In practice, the "unrelated"
               | people in license terms of that kind are usually the
               | original copyright holders.
               | 
               | [1] https://people.debian.org/~bap/dfsg-faq.html
        
               | mananaysiempre wrote:
               | They can't, I think, but nothing prevents your _support
               | contract_ (and thus access to subsequent updates in any
               | form) from terminating when you release the source. You
               | can do it, IBM will just refuse to do any more business
               | with you from that point on.
               | 
               | This kind of GPL not-a-workaround always made me feel a
               | bit queasy, but open access to RH code (even if a bit
               | stale and hard as hell to get to build) alleviated that
               | feeling somewhat. I guess it no longer does.
        
       | op00to wrote:
       | What a weird way to spend federal money. I say it's weird because
       | NASA almost certainly has its own internal Linux support paid
       | through overhead in one form or another, and again the
       | incremental cost of adding "developer" support from Red hat is
       | way, way cheaper than Rocky.
       | 
       | Finally, I doubt Rocky's support can perform as well as Red
       | Hat's. No, I'm not talking about the people who talk on the phone
       | when you break something. If you find a bug in a package, will
       | Rocky be able to quickly and effectively upstream the fix, or
       | will Rocky end up maintaining you on a custom patchlevel forever?
       | 
       | I doubt Rocky has the ability to truly fulfill 24/7 support. It's
       | difficult to build a deep bench for support, and nearly
       | impossible to make sure you're keeping up 24/7 capability for
       | other Maintenance Engineering type tasks.
       | 
       | And if none of these reasons are important enough to stop you
       | from paying them, maybe the thing you're doing isn't important
       | enough to warrant paying for support anyway.
        
         | aaomidi wrote:
         | Honestly I suspect rocky support to be faster than red hat.
        
           | Kaytaro wrote:
           | What makes you think a company with 89 employees that just
           | clones Red Hat's source code would be faster than Red Hat
           | with 19,000?
        
             | josephcsible wrote:
             | On multiple occasions, I've had Red Hat take 6 months to
             | resolve a paid support case to fix something that already
             | had a fix plus test cases committed upstream, and that
             | could be cherry-picked into their version with no
             | conflicts.
        
               | bonzini wrote:
               | "Take 6 months" sounds a lot like "distribute the fix on
               | the next minor update rather than doing so
               | asynchronously".
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | johnklos wrote:
             | Precisely because it has 89 employees instead of 19,000, it
             | can be MUCH faster.
             | 
             | Have you ever tried to get support from Red Hat? Honestly?
             | The first couple of tiers are often people who are barely
             | computer literate. I've talked with several people who -
             | I'm not kidding - had no idea what the Power architecture
             | is and had no clue that there are architectures aside from
             | x86.
        
               | Kaytaro wrote:
               | Not sure who you were talking to but Red Hat support
               | doesn't use tiers, cases go directly to SMEs on the
               | feature and from there the only escalation point is the
               | actual engineers working on the lines of code affected.
        
               | linuxdude314 wrote:
               | Have you tried getting support from RedHat as an actual
               | enterprise customer rather than an SMB?
               | 
               | Obviously if you pay for the lowest level of support,
               | that's what you are going to get. Serious businesses pay
               | for dedicated account resources. This typically includes
               | a Technical Account Manager (TAM) and a dedicated support
               | resource that works along side Professional Services to
               | take care of your install.
               | 
               | When done _properly_ you will have nearly instant support
               | from an excellent engineer.
        
             | axus wrote:
             | Red Hat is supporting a lot more subscribers, I'd think? I
             | have no experience with Red Hat phone support, their
             | product has always been great and their online resources
             | answered any question I had.
             | 
             | My impression from access.redhat.com is that much of the
             | written material comes from support given to actual
             | customers.
        
               | op00to wrote:
               | Red Hat (any many other companies) follows "knowledge
               | centered support". [1] Essentially the knowledge base is
               | the "workspace" or scratch paper of the support case, and
               | as information comes in the case, the information should
               | be organized in the knowledge base solution such that by
               | the end, you've got the bones of a solid solution other
               | customers can follow.
               | 
               | It's a whole Thing that People charge huge sums to
               | implement, but the idea itself is pretty solid.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.serviceinnovation.org/kcs/
        
             | aaomidi wrote:
             | The mythical man month.
             | 
             | More people can very easily lead to nothing getting done.
        
               | op00to wrote:
               | This doesn't really apply to support. With support, there
               | is generally 1 engineer assigned to one customer for the
               | life of the case. If a patch is needed, a software
               | maintenance engineer may be added. You can't throw extra
               | people at a support case and expect it to complete
               | faster. You can, however, throw more people at a support
               | TEAM and handle more cases.
        
               | aaomidi wrote:
               | So Rocky needs to assign a single engineer to NASA
               | support then. How does 19,000 people help with that?
        
               | linuxdude314 wrote:
               | That's typically what RedHat does...
               | 
               | If you're a big account you get your own Technical
               | Account Manager (TAM) and a dedicated support engineer.
               | 
               | This is like bread and butter for anyone with any
               | experience in enterprise.
               | 
               | How is HN so green in this regard?
        
               | aaomidi wrote:
               | No I'm saying if you're assigning *a person to a
               | contract* Rocky can easily do that too.
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | Because surely they have other customers than these three
               | workstations.
        
               | leocrat wrote:
               | It's not 3 workstations, it's 3x per person support.
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | Point still stands, when you have an 80 man team you
               | can't have many customers who require your undivided
               | attention.
        
             | leocrat wrote:
             | Did you watch the movie 300? Then you know
        
             | ozr wrote:
             | Price's law, for one. Experience with the general
             | effectiveness of large companies, especially their support
             | teams, for another.
        
               | op00to wrote:
               | If Price's law is at play, then there will still be more
               | competent people doing the work in Red Hat's support team
               | than Rocky's.
               | 
               | How likely is it that there's someone on Rocky's staff of
               | 80 who...
               | 
               | a. is an expert in the code, and has worked on it on
               | customers behalf before
               | 
               | b. is able to effectively support a customer in addition
               | to fixing a bug
               | 
               | c. is awake at the time you need them
               | 
               | d. isn't totally underwater with other issues
               | 
               | How likely is it that there's someone in Red Hat's staff
               | of 20,000 (or whatever) who fit the same criteria?
               | 
               | You'll need experts in kernel, services, storage,
               | networking, filesystems, virtualization / containers.
               | Enterprise support shouldn't be done by generalists, it
               | should be done by someone who has depth in the particular
               | problem space.
        
           | freedomben wrote:
           | > _No, I 'm not talking about the people who talk on the
           | phone when you break something. If you find a bug in a
           | package, will Rocky be able to quickly and effectively
           | upstream the fix, or will Rocky end up maintaining you on a
           | custom patchlevel forever?_
           | 
           | I'm intrigued. What makes you think Rocky will be faster than
           | Red Hat? How does Rocky handle that situation? Do they have
           | COPR repos or similar that you add to your system? What do
           | they do if the patch gets rejected upstream?
        
             | omniglottal wrote:
             | Is your car dealership faster at changing the tires and oil
             | on your car than a tire or oil-changing company would be?
             | 
             | RHEL is effectively a bunch of FOSS bundled and rebranded.
             | Rocky is effectively RHEL with another paint job. If a
             | patch gets rejected upstream, Red Hat is known to reject
             | the author/maintainer's rationale for this rejection and,
             | over years, may then extend, embrace, and extinguish that
             | community, replacing and repainting it as their product.
             | 
             | Sometimes this is a community-serving change (i.e., docker
             | -> (OCI+) -> podman), and sometimes it's a community-
             | replacing change (i.e., Kubernetes -> Origin/OKD ->
             | Openshift). In all cases, it's a redeclaration of who
             | actually is the most knowledgeable expert. Management re-
             | assigning experts is not necessarily as aligned as the
             | merit of an original engineering team/community providing
             | their solution.
             | 
             | I'd rather Rocky's solution than the walled-garden in a
             | cathedral courtyard approach. If something cannot be pushed
             | upstream (i.e., user-hostile defaults, vendor lock-in, or
             | arbitrary rebranding), this blockage is sometimes a feature
             | we all want for FOSS, even while it may not give privileges
             | to those who can throw more money at the problem under the
             | condition it will then be able to extract more profit.
        
               | linuxdude314 wrote:
               | The purpose of Rocky is to be bug-for-bug compatible with
               | RHEL. What makes you think they would ever attempt to
               | upstream something?
        
               | nhanlon wrote:
               | We do all the time.
        
           | op00to wrote:
           | I suspect Rocky support is three people in Europe somewhere
           | with maybe one or two others in North America. I also suspect
           | Rocky has no Support Engineering group, so their own product
           | engineering resources must be redirected every time a
           | customer needs a patch.
           | 
           | If Rocky does have a Support Engineering group, they aren't
           | regular committers to the kernel, and so most common bugs
           | found will take much longer to be upstreamed. This increases
           | the load on Engineering because they'll have to carry that
           | fix until it makes it into upstream and the customer
           | upgrades.
           | 
           | I have seen no indication that Rocky has a robust QA
           | infrastructure for customer patches.
           | 
           | Note the Rocky support model allows each "person" to only
           | have two cases open at a time. This indicates they're forced
           | to limit capacity.
           | 
           | Let's say I'm wrong about all of this. Let's say Rocky
           | support is better than Red Hat. I've seen what happens when
           | support scales from a small company to a large one. If ever
           | you got good support, those days are over if Rocky sees
           | success and the support group scales.
        
             | omniglottal wrote:
             | It takes a lot to design and build a car and manage its
             | dealerships. It takes orders of magnitude less effort for a
             | mechanic to maintain it, and even less to simply paint and
             | clean it. Red Hat builds this car - Rocky repaints it and
             | acts far more like Jiffy Lube than like a dealership. Have
             | you ever seen how long it takes, and how much more it
             | costs, to have your oil changed by the dealership? Those
             | focusing on the specialty are able to deliver on it more
             | efficiently and with less expense to all involved.
        
               | op00to wrote:
               | I've seen what happens when you take your car to Jiffy
               | Lube and the minimum wage oil tech they hire doesn't
               | tighten the oil drain plug all the way.
        
               | sixothree wrote:
               | Or strips it.
        
           | totallywrong wrote:
           | The difference is with RH you can often get escalated up to
           | the engineer writing the thing. I know I did when working for
           | companies paying for that support. There's usually a few
           | layers of rather useless L1 and L2 though.
        
             | omniglottal wrote:
             | Those lower layers are a significant anti-feature for a
             | customer needing quick, effective support, and it is only
             | occasionally/rarely the case that a key author or
             | maintainer is actually employed by Red Hat.
             | 
             | Most things delivered by Red Hat were not written by Red
             | Hat and where they are, that delivery tends to be a
             | rewritten, renamed project which went from community-driven
             | (FOSS made to serve the user) into a corporate-driven model
             | (gate-kept software which serves primarily as a profitable
             | subscription-dependant product).
             | 
             | The trade-off is effectively for legal liability
             | transference more than for genuine supportability. I would
             | rather get eventual real support from the bazaar of people
             | who wrote a thing (knowing, intimately and technically why)
             | than liability-waving support (assuming successful
             | escalation) from those who rewrote it in the cathedral with
             | divergence intentionally created for corporate control and
             | profit.
        
         | johnklos wrote:
         | To be honest, you sound more like a Red Hat fanboi than someone
         | who is making persuasive arguments.
         | 
         | For one, you're implying that Red Hat can fix bugs and can
         | upstream them more quickly than Rocky. Have you seen the amount
         | of time it takes Red Hat to move fixes in to sources? That
         | alone is silly to even mention. I don't know how long Rocky
         | would take, but in the entire world, hardly any companies take
         | as long as Red Hat.
         | 
         | Two, do you think Red Hat "truly fulfill(s) 24/7 support"?
         | Sure, you can get someone on the phone, but how many hours will
         | it take before you can get someone who knows anything? All that
         | navigation and escalation is time consuming. I'd rather wait
         | for an expert who knows the area of my problem intimately to be
         | woken up to contact me after an hour than be appeased by being
         | on the phone for three hours explaining a problem to person
         | after person who won't directly escalate and wants to hear the
         | problem explained.
         | 
         | "maybe the thing you're doing isn't important enough to warrant
         | paying for support anyway." Huh? That's just ridiculous.
        
           | depereo wrote:
           | > Have you seen the amount of time it takes Red Hat to move
           | fixes in to sources?
           | 
           | They will _absolutely_ cut you a patch to use on your
           | systems. Upstreaming does take time, yes, but that doesn 't
           | mean the person experiencing the problem has to wait to get
           | their issue resolved.
        
           | linuxdude314 wrote:
           | To be honest, you sound more like recent college graduate
           | with minimal (no) experience working in enterprise.
           | 
           | You probably don't realize this given your lack of
           | experience, but when you are running FOSS powered/adjacent
           | enterprise equipment (think storage systems and compute
           | fabrics) the bugs you encounter are often not things that
           | simply show up on the first page of google.
           | 
           | There often isn't anyone to "wait" for (other than the
           | resources you pay for), which is why if you value uptime and
           | availability, you PAY for a support contract.
           | 
           | I was a staff level systems engineer at a major movie studio
           | in California (owned a 24+PB tape library and a few petabytes
           | of fast storage), and I can confidently say all of our
           | dedicated support assets were valuable members of our broader
           | team (first name basis, ask questions/raise issues with a
           | text message, etc...).
           | 
           | In the rare occasion an engineer wasn't cutting it we would
           | have our TAM get us a new one. Typically you are literally
           | paying these people's salary as part of your contract so
           | these are decisions that you as a customer actually have a
           | lot of input into.
           | 
           | If you'd rather wait for someone to answer you on
           | StackOverflow that's a decision you can make, but if you pull
           | that move in any serious enterprise you will terminated
           | pretty quickly.
           | 
           | The whole point of Rocky is to be bug-for-bug compatible with
           | RHEL; your opinion on who can fix bugs faster is completely
           | orthogonal to this discussion.
        
             | johnklos wrote:
             | I'm flattered that I sound like a recent college graduate
             | :) I've been a Unix systems administrator for more than a
             | quarter of a century.
             | 
             | Wild generalization: Red Hat is mostly bullshit. Their
             | support is good at handling the myriad quirks and bull
             | they've intentionally added to their OS to differentiate
             | their product, but they're not so good at things beyond
             | that, in my experience. I'm generalizing, of course, but in
             | too many instances Red Hat has been unique in having issues
             | that other common OSes don't. In many environments I've set
             | up proper servers with other OSes for comparison so I'd
             | know when something is a Red Hat-ism.
             | 
             | If you're somehow authoritative because you've worked for a
             | major movie studio with petabytes of storage, then I
             | suppose I'm authoritative, too. I have and still work for
             | major movie studios and I handle petabytes of storage, too
             | :) Perhaps we know each other.
             | 
             | Red Hat couldn't get their OS to see all the zones of a
             | StorNext, while at the very same moment identical hardware
             | next to that Red Hat system running SuSE worked fine.
             | Drives were swapped between the systems, and the problem
             | followed Red Hat. It was a clean install. Red Hat support
             | told us they couldn't do anything and said it was a
             | StorNext problem. We contacted StorNext, and they were even
             | willing to work with Red Hat. Red Hat required us to have a
             | three way phone call to include the StorNext people and
             | wouldn't answer their emails. I had to create email
             | accounts for the StorNext people. It was extremely
             | unprofessional and nothing moved on this until the company
             | threatened to cancel Red Hat support entirely.
             | 
             | Unfortunately, my other experiences were more reminiscent
             | of dealing with AT&T than dealing with an organization that
             | wants to make things work.
        
         | adastra22 wrote:
         | > I say it's weird because NASA almost certainly has its own
         | internal Linux support paid through overhead in one form or
         | another
         | 
         | Why do you presume this?
         | 
         | (Former NASA contractor here: they don't.)
        
         | jvanderbot wrote:
         | Former NASA/JPL employee. I can say with gusto that Linux was
         | never really supported by overhead. Projects pay directly for
         | cloud services, servers, computer time, equipment for field
         | testing, etc. Those are where rocky Linux would be used. At
         | least in my experience, the usual burden funds are used for
         | vanilla windows desktops or laptops for employees, which works
         | fine for 90% of the org. The rest write proposals to get non
         | standard equipment in one form or another. This drastically
         | reduces overhead costs and allows results driven grants to buy
         | only necessary equipment. Same as any other gov funded
         | research-related capital purchase. At least in theory.
        
       | prpl wrote:
       | Again, like large corporations, this doesn't mean much. NASA is
       | big and diverse, and each facility is unique and mostly
       | independent, with lots of unrelated projects within a facility.
        
       | spicyusername wrote:
       | Out of curiosity what do others see as viable Red Hat Linux
       | alternatives?
       | 
       | If I was choosing a server OS today, I personally would probably
       | pick Debian.
        
         | tapoxi wrote:
         | Professionally, I'm running everything on Debian because it's
         | always been around, always rock solid, isn't going to make any
         | stupid decisions for profit, and containerizes well. If I'm at
         | a place that's willing to pay for RHEL I will go RHEL, because
         | the support doesn't hurt and they do a great job contributing
         | to upstream projects.
         | 
         | For personal machines, I don't mind Fedora Server (or CentOS
         | Stream) because I can handle the more frequent upgrade cycle.
        
         | adql wrote:
         | Debian is relatively problem-free compared to RHEL; and update-
         | in-place also works.
         | 
         | Sooo much less fuckery, packages are _just there_ and don 't
         | require installing/buying some random addon just to have
         | DRBD+pacemaker cluster (that RHEL for some reason put into
         | separate repo and subscription).
        
         | Mikhail_K wrote:
         | Devuan and Void Linux are systemd-free alternatives. The first
         | one is a Debian fork, so should be very familiar to anyone with
         | Debian/Ubuntu experience.
        
         | mirekrusin wrote:
         | popOS - it really surprised me after long time Ubuntu, before
         | Debian user.
        
           | leonheld wrote:
           | popOS as a server operating system? That doesn't make much
           | sense.
        
             | mirekrusin wrote:
             | My bad, somehow I missed server part.
        
         | frantathefranta wrote:
         | AlmaLinux is being heavily floated as an option in my place of
         | work. We have RHEL7 and 8 licenses but due to pricing might
         | switch.
        
         | derekp7 wrote:
         | There are a number of shops where it is advantageous to have a
         | paid RHEL subscription, mostly when there are non-technically-
         | focused management involved. When there is an issue I've had
         | managers in the past say "Quit dicking around on the internet
         | and get someone on the phone".
         | 
         | For these shops, you don't need the paid enterprise offering
         | across the board (dev, testing, etc) so that is where an EL
         | rebuild is handy. In those cases you don't want too much
         | different between prod and test/dev, but you don't need the
         | paid support or priority patches on internal test hosts.
        
           | adql wrote:
           | There is definitely a value if you don't have a bunch of
           | Linux nerds on board or desire to be the one that tracks why
           | some random bug happens.
           | 
           | For just ease of management and customization can't beat
           | vanilla Debian
        
             | mistrial9 wrote:
             | last I knew, Debian requires config setup, not optional,
             | not guided. There is no "defaults that work" for a network
             | server. Is this still true in 2023 ?
        
               | dsr_ wrote:
               | Your question seems to be presupposing a bunch of things.
               | 
               | If you run the standard installer from a vanilla USB
               | image, you will be asked questions about the config, most
               | of which produce reasonable results if you just hit
               | <enter>. Some of them will fail in certain environments.
               | (No DHCP server? You will need to enter IP networking
               | details.)
               | 
               | If you want to install a fleet of Debian machines (or VM
               | images), you set up a PXE server and a set of answers to
               | the installation questions, or you build an image for
               | direct deployment, or you use the Debian VM image, or...
               | whatever: there are a lot of possibilities that will
               | work.
               | 
               | Most of this has been true for at least 3 Stables.
        
           | 6c696e7578 wrote:
           | Do the managers think the person getting the ticket at RH
           | will not be dicking around on the internet?
        
             | ta1243 wrote:
             | Managers think the blame parcel has been moved to a
             | supplier
        
               | 6c696e7578 wrote:
               | Yeah, this does seem to be the prevailing way in
               | management layers.
        
               | hestefisk wrote:
               | It's called "risk management" in corporate speak.
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | Risk management is nothing to do with removing the risk
               | from the company, indeed increasing risk is often
               | acceptable. It's about removing risk from your
               | department.
        
             | zzzeek wrote:
             | Red Hat employee here. They most certainly are not. The
             | people on the phone have been through a lot of training,
             | they are all whizzes on the command line, we have an
             | enormous in-house knowledge base that's updated
             | continuously, and there's a clear escalation chain as well
             | (as an engineer, _I_ get customer cases that resist known
             | resolutions, so _I_ will be the one  "on the internet",
             | searching for known MariaDB issues, things like that).
             | 
             | RH would not be of much value if the support staff were not
             | any more effective than the average end user.
        
               | 6c696e7578 wrote:
               | That's my point, the guy who had the issue in the first
               | place is doing the same thing you are.
               | 
               | It's only the boss that wants to pay for a safety net,
               | forcing the issue of raising a ticket is their validation
               | of money well spent I highly suspect. We're all human
               | beings who are quite technical on this forum, you work
               | for RH, the other guy works for someone else.
               | 
               | I have a suspicion that RH support is what the boss pays
               | for as a backup should their employees be unable to solve
               | a problem or decide to go to pastures new, as people do
               | from time to time.
        
               | zzzeek wrote:
               | > That's my point, the guy who had the issue in the first
               | place is doing the same thing you are.
               | 
               | they're not, because they have no idea what they're
               | looking for, they lack the subject knowledge and
               | expertise, and they werent involved with directly
               | producing a lot of the open source components they are
               | having problems with.
               | 
               | By "engineer" I mean, "we are the people that wrote the
               | actual open source components they are having a problem
               | with". It would not be in their interests to hire us
               | directly because 95% of the time the regular support
               | people can do everything they need without things
               | escalated to engineering.
        
               | linuxdude314 wrote:
               | I'm kind of shocked the average HN user seems to be so
               | incredibly ignorant on this matter.
               | 
               | Is this an ego thing?
        
             | op00to wrote:
             | Generally no, based on past experience with RH support,
             | they're not just dicking around on the internet to find the
             | answer. Most of the folks I know at RH support have been
             | there 5+ years, and are life-long users and community
             | participants in the project they're supporting.
        
               | zetta0 wrote:
               | My RH support experience was bad enough for me to switch
               | to Rocky Linux. I suppose people's experiences in life
               | can be different?
        
               | pookha wrote:
               | I once worked in a large open-air office that had on-site
               | support from VMWare (this was over ten years ago). The
               | VMWare guy was a doofus and some of the 20 something year
               | old IT staff appeared to know more about his product than
               | he did. Provided no-value except for "knowing
               | people"...One day he wasn't there and I asked if they
               | finally fired this useless bozo and I was informed that
               | he went to work with Redhat-support and that a new VMWare
               | guy was inbound. Shook my faith in RHEL for years.
               | Honestly I'm still not sure I trust Redhat after they
               | hired such a loathsome fraud.
        
             | throwaway173738 wrote:
             | I once had a vendor support tech tell us to add build
             | configuration variables like ARCH and CROSS_COMPILE to our
             | .bashrc. This is a terrible idea for a variety of reasons I
             | won't get in to.
        
         | mikae1 wrote:
         | For business? https://www.suse.com/solutions/business-critical-
         | linux/
         | 
         | For home server use: Tumbleweed, Leap or MicroOS depending on
         | your personality. :)
        
         | akvadrako wrote:
         | Go with an immutable distribution, something like CoreOS. Then
         | run everything in containers.
         | 
         | Major version upgrades have less risk of breaking, while
         | rollbacks become an option. And the attack surface is lower.
        
           | oneshtein wrote:
           | Attack surface will be sum of CoreOS surface and surface of
           | containers. It can be lower only if surface of containers
           | will be negative. :-/
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | I went with Ubuntu because the long-term support Debian at the
         | time would have required me to hand-compile or add package
         | sources for the version of whatever it was (php?) I needed.
         | 
         | Ubuntu LTS is long enough for me, and seems to work without
         | complaints.
         | 
         | At home I run Gentoo because I like to fomit and funroll.
        
         | PlutoIsAPlanet wrote:
         | There isn't really any, only Debian/Ubuntu gets close.
         | 
         | RHEL and its clones are supported with updates for 10 years,
         | often ship with "more modern" server software than Debian does
         | (e.g. firewalld, podman, systemd etc) and DNF, whilst slower,
         | still blows apt in terms of feature set (e.g. transcriptional,
         | roll-backs, history, offline upgrades)
         | 
         | There's also SUSE.
        
           | count wrote:
           | RHEL saying '8' or '9' is supported for 10 years is
           | misleading af. Each 'minor version' (which are, in fact,
           | sometimes large changes!) is supported for it's own specific
           | time period. Odd numbered (8.5, 8.7) for example are only
           | supported for 6 months. https://access.redhat.com/sites/defau
           | lt/files/images/337_rhe...
           | 
           | It's terrifying actually.
        
             | axus wrote:
             | Yep, the "10 year support" for 8.8 means that you'll
             | upgrade to 8.10 (to-be-released) and then that will be
             | supported for the rest of the duration.
        
           | sofixa wrote:
           | > often ship with "more modern" server software than Debian
           | does
           | 
           | That's not really true. They often ship with Red Hat specific
           | software (like Podman is) replacing widely used software
           | (e.g. Docker, to which Podman _still_ isn 't feature complete
           | even though it has been shoved in everyone's throats for a
           | couple of years now), but "more modern" will vary wildly
           | based on the release date.
        
           | mikae1 wrote:
           | _> There isn 't really any, only Debian/Ubuntu gets close._
           | 
           |  _> There 's also SUSE._
           | 
           | So, why doesn't SUSE get close?
        
             | count wrote:
             | The Marketing Gap. Also the unfortunate detour with Novell
             | and MicroFocus for a few years...
        
               | pestaa wrote:
               | Give them a few more. They acquired Rancher, k3s, have
               | MicroOS, and ALP in the pipeline. I'm rooting for them.
        
           | traceroute66 wrote:
           | > RHEL and its clones
           | 
           | My understanding is that the problem with RHEL clones is just
           | that, that they are clones.
           | 
           | From what I've read, the problem is that RHEL will often make
           | changes to suit their various enterprise customers, for
           | example I seem to recall reading somewhere that OpenSSL was
           | one of many things "touched" in that way.
           | 
           | I hear many good things about DNF vs apt, but I'm too worried
           | by the skeletons in the clone cupboard.
        
         | totallywrong wrote:
         | Fedora, especially one of the recent immutable versions.
        
       | mrmattyboy wrote:
       | Looking at the "statement of work", unless I'm misunderstanding -
       | it's 3 user (workstation?) licenses?
       | 
       | To me, it's more like 3 engineers at NASA are interested in it
       | and got their boss to get them 3 licenses? As opposed to "NASA
       | moves all RHEL licenses to Rocky after Redhat destroys CentOS
       | community"?
       | 
       | Edit: I know nothing of how govournment agencies (and certainly
       | not US ones) work.. I assume all purchases go through some
       | process where they're all made public?
        
         | jaimehrubiks wrote:
         | That seems very likely, either for personal preference or for
         | testing the distribution
        
         | tssva wrote:
         | They didn't purchase licenses. They purchased support.
        
           | imachine1980_ wrote:
           | Yes for 3 workstation, they are probably testing the support
        
             | tssva wrote:
             | Or possibly a project installed Rocky Linux because it was
             | easier, faster and cheaper than procuring RHEL licenses. It
             | was found in an audit and now they had to procure and
             | switch to RHEL or procure support for Rocky Linux. A
             | complete wild ass guess but I have seen it happen at other
             | agencies with open source software.
             | 
             | Since I retired on Friday, my experience with government IT
             | and procurement is slightly out of date but based upon my
             | knowledge of it until that point I would consider it a
             | better wild ass guess than NASA procured 3 Rocky Linux
             | workstation support contracts to test it before making some
             | agency wide switch.
        
             | tyingq wrote:
             | The pdf mentions renewal, so maybe not even that. Just 3
             | people renewing a support contract.
             | 
             |  _" The item described in the table below is for the FY23
             | CIQ Rocky Enterprise Linux Renewal."_
        
         | jvanderbot wrote:
         | Here's how it works (POV NASA/JPL PM of 8 years):
         | 
         | * The institution has a slush / IT fund that provides basic
         | windows laptops or MACs, right off the shelf with lots of
         | security add-ons
         | 
         | * For any non standard equipment or software, the engineers on
         | a project must seek money from the project's budget and justify
         | that cost to the project manager. (not their long-term boss).
         | 
         | * Project managers have a fixed budget based on the proposal
         | they wrote to the funding agency, usually US GOV, with a fixed
         | cost for these kinds of purchases, agreed upon at the time the
         | proposal was funded
         | 
         | * The limited project funds are used to purchase whatever is
         | needed to satisfy the project's objectives. If the project's
         | objectives are not satisfied, the funding agency can stop, or
         | even pull back funding from the project manager
         | 
         | * The approvals for equipment purchases are, at least in
         | theory, given based on merit, which is very often weighed using
         | prior successful proposals. New types of purchases are
         | scrutinized more. If it's traditional to buy CENTOS, then
         | buying ROCKY would be more difficult.
         | 
         | * That precedent is key. Once it becomes clear that ROCKY is
         | being used by successful teams, then the approval process is
         | _much_ easier.
         | 
         | That's why this is a big-ish deal (not huge, but nice to see).
         | Now, people writing proposals and working on projects can point
         | to this as _precedent_. The best outcome is when funding
         | agencies see  "ROCKY is better and more cost effective for the
         | teams we've been funding", then you might get a funder to
         | request that teams use ROCKY as part of the proposal
         | requirements. This is almost nonexistent in federal contracts,
         | but is quite common when dealing with military or commercial
         | contracts.
         | 
         | That, and ROCKY can probably now have a NASA logo on their
         | website under "customers", which adds a bunch of credibility to
         | the project, honestly, whether it's necessarily deserved or not
         | based on 3 desktops.
        
           | mrmattyboy wrote:
           | Ah okay, thank for the that :)
           | 
           | I sort-of assumed that for big purchases it would be a big
           | procedure, as you've stated.
           | 
           | I had it in my mind, there'd be like a lower threshold (i.e.
           | licenses for one or two things), which would go under the
           | radar and just be purchased when someone requested it (or end
           | of year "budget needs to be spend" - you know, that sort of
           | old school "budget per department - spend it or you lose it"
           | sort of thing.) :D
           | 
           | This also went with the idea that the "3 x CIQ Rocky
           | Enterprise Linux Per Person Advanced - Annual Subscription
           | Service Period" would be a small purchase - though of course,
           | I don't _really_ have any idea what this means - could be a
           | massive 24x7 support with 3 Rocky Linux support staff on-call
           | - who knows :)
           | 
           | > That, and ROCKY can probably now have a NASA logo on their
           | website under "customers", which adds a bunch of credibility
           | to the project, honestly, whether it's necessarily deserved
           | or not based on 3 desktops.
           | 
           | This on the other hand is verry interesting!! Thanks for
           | pointing this out :)
           | 
           | Edit: sorry, I misread your comment :( Thought you said their
           | logo _was_ on the Rocky site :P
        
           | depereo wrote:
           | Is this potentially the reason RH won't be providing public
           | sources for RHEL any more? RH's bread and butter is USGOV.
           | NASA using a direct competitor that can only exist by
           | rebuilding RHEL sources, and this use becoming easier isn't
           | great for them.
        
           | peplee wrote:
           | I've been hearing lately that "buy what you can, build what
           | you must" is the approach to procurement for orgs like NASA
           | and SDA. If it is the case, one would hope this means more
           | folks like ROCKY can get over that initial hump and grow
           | within those orgs. Would be interesting to hear if that
           | mirrored your experience or not.
           | 
           | I'm not so convinced based on my experience. Seems like that
           | could be the ideal, but in practice for such a large
           | institution it seems difficult to implement. Sharing the word
           | that this team over here is using XYZ and seeing good results
           | to that team over there is challenging.
        
           | prpl wrote:
           | That sounds a bit more rigid than what I knew to be the case.
           | I think every one I worked with from Goddard had a mac -
           | unless - they specifically asked for something else. That
           | includes both the civil servants and contractors.
           | 
           | Purchases were hard because acquisition was hard but I don't
           | think the bar requires previous use. Usually getting a vendor
           | to accept a PO was the hard part IIRC
        
             | jvanderbot wrote:
             | Yeah, as I mentioned below, "Standard" equipment did
             | include macs, and I had a mac myself. I'll edit for
             | clarity.
        
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