[HN Gopher] Missing Titanic Sub Faced Lawsuit over Depths It Cou...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Missing Titanic Sub Faced Lawsuit over Depths It Could Safely
       Travel To
        
       Author : danso
       Score  : 155 points
       Date   : 2023-06-20 19:46 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (newrepublic.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (newrepublic.com)
        
       | 42365767567 wrote:
       | Well at least the evidence is at the bottom of the ocean
        
       | glimshe wrote:
       | Safety margins exist for a reason in Engineering. Lots of times
       | you can just work dangerously and nothing is going to happen; the
       | people pushing for using machines operating at the edge of the
       | breaking point are seen as "aggressive", "daring" and "true
       | leaders".
       | 
       | But from time to time, things DO break and that's why these
       | safety measures exist to begin with. They exist for dealing with
       | the unknown, with the things that can't be directly measured like
       | random imperfections or variations in the operating conditions.
       | 
       | I hope that the company, and its owners/executives, that got away
       | for so long with operating unsafe machinery are exemplarily
       | punished.
        
       | folugna37 wrote:
       | After looking at the photos of the submarine that's missing, I
       | have no clue how people who are as rich and successful as the
       | ones who were on board could pay such insane amounts of money to
       | board that tiny tin-can of a submarine and go 12,500 feet under
       | the sea without having a sense of, "You know what? This probably
       | isn't the greatest idea ever. I probably shouldn't do this." It
       | boggles my mind.
        
       | carbine wrote:
       | Sincere question: if this did in fact implode (hopefully not),
       | would there be identifiable wreckage? Would we be likely to find
       | it? And how likely is it that the Navy or some other group picked
       | up the audio of the implosion via hydrophone, etc?
       | 
       | I'm trying to understand whether [1] they've heard a possible
       | implosion and are proceeding with search and rescue against all
       | hope; [2] they haven't heard one, and think that's indicative
       | that it's still intact; or [3] they haven't heard one and aren't
       | sure either way.
       | 
       | Thank you.
        
         | randomNumber7 wrote:
         | Even if it would be intact and somehow floating at 3000 meters
         | it would be probably very hard to find it. Just think about
         | submarine warfare, even the big military ones can be pretty
         | stealthy.
         | 
         | And this is a small submarine mostly made of carbon fiber.
         | Thats probably even hard to distinguish from a big fish with
         | sonar. And if this thing is on the ground then sonar doesnt
         | help.
         | 
         | I think if this thing has no ping device on board (to make
         | active sound), then they probably never find it. Assuming its
         | still under water of course.
        
       | ak_111 wrote:
       | With the company's president as one of the passengers this is a
       | rare example where "skin in the game" didn't offer much insurance
       | (or assurance).
       | 
       | edit: Actually it seems the person responsible for saftey wasn't
       | on board (he got fired) and you can claim his skin was much more
       | important to be in the game if you were looking for assurance
        
         | hsjqllzlfkf wrote:
         | Yeah. Some times the guy at the top puts others in danger
         | because he doesn't care. Other times, because he doesn't know
         | any better.
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | And sometimes taking a calculated risk goes badly the way you
           | knew was possible.
        
         | mjb wrote:
         | Is it a rare example, though?
         | 
         | Taleb and others spread this idea that "skin in the game" is
         | some kind of magical anecdote to faulty thinking, incomplete
         | risk analysis, incorrect application of heuristics, and other
         | things. That just doesn't seem true. Lots of people do risky
         | things every day based on social proof, or familiarity, or
         | commitment, or scarcity, or many of the other risk-perception-
         | altering heuristics that govern our lives. We do it when we
         | drive, when we drink, when we ski, and in all kinds of other
         | occasions. "Skin in the game" seems like an extremely faulty
         | heuristic in its own way, with little evidence to support a
         | strong assurance effect.
         | 
         | Conversely, I know lots of people who take risks themselves
         | who'd never recommend the same risks to others (especially
         | outdoor and motor sports enthusiasts). That's the opposite of
         | Taleb's hypothesis.
        
           | VoodooJuJu wrote:
           | Skin in the game is neither magical or infallible, and
           | nothing is. It is the greatest display of trust/confidence
           | that we have. We can't have perfect, so this is what we have.
        
             | ericd wrote:
             | Thanks, you said it better than I could have. I feel like
             | engineers frequently get stuck in this "perfect or
             | worthless" mindset. Putting your life on the line is a hell
             | of an incentive.
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | I doubt anyone serious has claimed is a magical antidote to
           | faulty thinking.
           | 
           | It does provide strong incentives, which you should trust a
           | lot more than words.
           | 
           | Your point that some people are daredevils who don't care too
           | much about personal risk is interesting though. Hadn't
           | thought about that.
        
             | mjb wrote:
             | They aren't just daredevils, though. Check out "Heuristic
             | Traps in Recreational Avalanche Accidents" http://www.sunro
             | ckice.com/docs/Heuristic%20traps%20IM%202004... for one
             | interesting example: a lot of these people would think of
             | themselves as cautious and informed, and still fall prey to
             | heuristic traps (and, many explicitly don't recommend their
             | sport to others, who they believe may not be informed
             | enough to apply the same cautions).
        
           | natdempk wrote:
           | I thought that "skin in the game" just means that you feel
           | the consequences of your actions, and are (maybe) forced to
           | learn as a result. I think that doesn't work well for single
           | catastrophic events as you describe because single mistakes
           | are deadly/ruinous/etc. IIRC Taleb is focused more on the
           | field of managing risk for shared-decision-making and
           | aligning incentives, but none of that rules out total failure
           | etc, it just means that everyone bears the consequences.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | They are different failures, we should not be surprised.
           | After all we are not surprised when a man with a parachute
           | drowns.
           | 
           | It's just that we have better categorisation of physical
           | failures than psychological ones.
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | > Taleb and others spread this idea that "skin in the game"
           | is some kind of magical anecdote
           | 
           | "some kind of magical anecdote" [sic. You mean "antidote"]
           | 
           | I don't think you've even read the book, or you wouldn't say
           | something so devoid of logic. "I know lots of people who take
           | risks themselves who'd never recommend the same risks to
           | others" is a non sequitur.
           | 
           | > "Skin in the game" seems like an extremely faulty heuristic
           | in its own way, with little evidence to support a strong
           | assurance effect.
           | 
           | The entire book is full of evidence from history.
        
             | mjb wrote:
             | I did mean "antidote", thanks for the correction.
             | 
             | I did read the book, although that was around the time it
             | came out and my memory may be faulty. I remember not being
             | particularly impressed with the level of evidence
             | presented, and the care taken to present that evidence
             | accurately.
        
           | bambax wrote:
           | Didn't know about the Taleb part, but you're obviously right.
           | Just because someone has "skin in the game" doesn't tell us
           | anything.
           | 
           | We need to know more about said someone, their risk aversion
           | profile and history, and what part of their area of expertise
           | matches the "game" -- if any.
        
           | ak_111 wrote:
           | "Rare" might be a strong word, but I would have order of
           | magnitude more confidence living in an apartment if I know
           | the head engineer who supervised its construction lives in
           | the top floor. Or I would feel 10x more confident in an
           | investment if I know its seller has a significant amount of
           | his net worth invested in it. It is a very natural heuristic
           | and has a long history.
           | 
           | Where it mostly fails is incompetence, some might have the
           | best intention of something succeeding but their best effort
           | is still not worth much.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | crazygringo wrote:
             | > _but I would have order of magnitude more confidence
             | living in an apartment if I know the head engineer who
             | supervised its construction lives in the top floor_
             | 
             | I absolutely do _not_. Pretty much all of the risky
             | decisions I see people make, they seem to be self-harming
             | just as often as they harm others.
             | 
             | To me whether the engineer lives in his own building
             | doesn't tell me anything, because a guy who cuts corners
             | does it because he thinks _it 's safe_ to cut corners.
             | 
             | What I want to know is, is the engineer's personality risk-
             | seeking or risk-averse? Are they the kind of person who
             | does things by the book or is always looking to cut
             | corners? Do they value a job well done or do they value
             | speed? _These_ are the things that matter, _not_ their
             | personal tolerance for risk.
        
               | potatolicious wrote:
               | Exactly. The notion that skin in the game decreases risky
               | behavior assumes that everyone is perfectly rational,
               | which is demonstrably untrue. It's a classic "spherical
               | cow" modeling of human behavior.
               | 
               | Overconfidence, hubris, obsession, laziness, envy, spite,
               | and a nearly-infinite list of other "irrational"
               | behaviors are a function of human existence _and_ would
               | cause someone to take stupid risks with both themselves
               | and others!
        
             | escapedmoose wrote:
             | Seemingly, "skin in the game" is only assurance against
             | getting scammed, not incompetence.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | And specifically only protective against getting scammed
               | by someone who does not believe their own bullshit, which
               | isn't always the case.
        
               | BurningFrog wrote:
               | There is also a big "grey zone" where people will do a
               | good job when evaluating security for others, but a
               | _really_ good job with their own security.
               | 
               | You could think of this as avoiding "a scam", but there
               | is no conscious intention involved.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | It fights against _one kind_ of incompetence (direct and
             | deliberate fraud) but it doesn 't remove a bunch of other
             | types. Many people will happily live in a deathtrap because
             | they don't really think anything will happen to them.
        
             | MrJohz wrote:
             | I don't doubt you would have more confidence, but human
             | estimations of risk tend to be very poor. So it would still
             | be useful to see whether that sort of belief holds true:
             | that is, whether people who "have skin in the game" really
             | do take fewer risks.
             | 
             | And even if that were the case, it's still quite a complex
             | calculation to make. Let's say there are two architects
             | building a tower block with the knowledge that they will be
             | living in the top floor when it's built. One of them has
             | little appetite for risk and builds their skyscraper very
             | safely, without any real deviation from classic proven
             | standards. Meanwhile, the other architect is much more open
             | to risk and designs their skyscraper using brand new ideas
             | and techniques. Both of them are equally happy to stay in
             | the top floors of their buildings, but are the two
             | buildings equally safe and risk free?
        
               | falcor84 wrote:
               | I'm unclear on what your argument is - of course if you
               | have additional information about the architects, you
               | should consider it. But if you don't have any other
               | information, all other things being equal, it would be
               | rational to strongly prefer to live in a building where
               | the architect is willing to live. Of course, if possible,
               | you should choose the place where the structural engineer
               | lives.
        
             | mandevil wrote:
             | Evidence from the US mortgages before the Financial Crisis
             | doesn't seem to support this. Middle managers at
             | Countrywide (etc.) played even more games with their
             | mortgages than normal people, interest-only up the wazoo
             | etc. to get themselves into even nicer houses than they
             | could afford, because they thought that they understood how
             | the mortgage system worked.
             | 
             | The problem is that old line from Upton Sinclair about how
             | it was "difficult get a man to understand something when
             | his salary depends on not understanding it." The engineers,
             | investment people, mortgage people etc. are motivated to
             | believe that what they are doing is sufficient. This is
             | supposed to be why disinterested government regulators-
             | people whose pay does not change on whether this building,
             | investment, submarine, mortgage etc. is safe- jump in and
             | actually approve things. But, of course, government
             | regulators are silly and just slow things down, because
             | they don't understand how our new system uses
             | computers/crypto/AI/whatever to be just as safe.
        
             | fatfingerd wrote:
             | I think these people are more likely to be habituated to
             | any risk than people who are forced to keep a professional
             | distance and imagine what might happen with less personal
             | experience.
        
       | mcpackieh wrote:
       | > _According to the court documents, in a 2018 case, OceanGate
       | employee David Lochridge, a submersible pilot, voiced concerns
       | about the safety of the sub._
       | 
       | 2018; this would make it the previous model, no? Not the same
       | submarine that went missing. At least that's the impression I get
       | from this article (2020):
       | https://www.geekwire.com/2020/oceangate-raises-18m-build-big...
       | 
       | > _" That meant the Titanic trips -- which had been planned at
       | first for 2018, then 2019, then 2020 -- had to be put off until
       | mid-2021. By that time, Rush expects the new submersibles to be
       | ready to enter service."_
       | 
       | It's my impression that one of those "new submersibles" is the
       | one that's lost.
        
         | eigenspace wrote:
         | The article talks about how this was to do with their 1/3 scale
         | model. I guess the relevant question then is if the "new model"
         | is just the old 1/3 model scaled up, or if there are important
         | differences. Are they still using a viewport that's not
         | certified for the depths they're reaching? Are they still using
         | flammable materials? Are there still parts in danger of de-
         | laminating? Do they still have a culture and pattern of
         | covering up and lying about safety?
         | 
         | If there were relevant changes to the new model other than
         | scaling it up, it'd need to go through a much lengthier
         | certification and testing phase.
        
         | sho_hn wrote:
         | I was also curious about the timeline of this. I'm waiting for
         | that one geeky blog post that integrates all the facts.
         | 
         | I'm particularly interested in an educated perspective on their
         | choice in materials. I'm familiar with carbon fibre from bike
         | frame building, and the common tricks/practices to try and look
         | for fissures, find voids/delaminations, etc. after a crash, and
         | it's such a complex subject and material. I wonder who
         | manufactured this vessel and what the quality of their
         | facilities, tools, processes was.
        
           | mcpackieh wrote:
           | I expect there will be a lot of books documenting every angle
           | of this incident, if for no other reason than because of the
           | Titanic connection. I'm looking forward to reading the whole
           | story on how this incident happened.
        
           | c00lio wrote:
           | My educated (a little bit of engineering at uni) perspective
           | is: Completely idiotic to build a submarine out of carbon and
           | not have the means for a complete inspection for
           | manufacturing defects as the original article suggests.
           | 
           | Carbon, as you correctly note, needs to be very homogeneous.
           | Bubbles, lamination defects or -god beware- fissures lead to
           | failure, of the sudden, unannounced and total kind. And not
           | only is it necessary to check after production, but also
           | after regular short intervals of use, because a mere scratch
           | in the carbon can be fatal.
        
           | EamonnMR wrote:
           | I wonder if the NTSB will do a report on this.
        
           | jvm___ wrote:
           | It's also the only planned trip for the company this year due
           | to weather. So the sub has sat for a period of time before
           | being put in use.
           | 
           | Do you think they do extensive trial runs first at the
           | beginning of each season? Like send it to the bottom un-
           | manned just to double check?
           | 
           | As my former boss liked to say "Things that aren't tested
           | don't work."
        
         | aredox wrote:
         | Even if that is the case, the ethos of the company was to
         | dismiss safety concerns, use inappropriate hardware, stonewall
         | and then fire the only person who cared.
         | 
         | People died. I do hope the CEO isn't one of them, because he
         | needs to be thrown in front of a court. Same with the other
         | senior executives and HR.
        
           | misiti3780 wrote:
           | no one died yet...
        
             | CydeWeys wrote:
             | They could all easily already be dead. We simply don't
             | know.
        
               | wkat4242 wrote:
               | If indeed that viewport collapsed at 4000m as the article
               | suggests, they probably didn't even have time to realize
               | they were dying.
        
               | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
               | The article says they were going for 4000m, but it was
               | only rated for 1300m.
               | 
               | That would imply a collapsing somewhere between the two.
               | 
               | Also, would the body, being mostly made of water itself,
               | really get crushed instantly? I would certainly expect
               | the pressure to squeeze all the air out of your lungs.
               | 
               | I know nothing about how the body behaves under high
               | pressure.
        
               | kadoban wrote:
               | I looked up a depth to pressure calculator, at even
               | 1300m, the pressure is 1892.67 psi.
               | 
               | "psi" is pounds per square inch, and a human has ballpark
               | 3000 square inches of surface area.
               | 
               | So to get a (very) rough approximation, picture what
               | would happen if you squeezed a human with 3000*1892
               | pounds of force. Or try not to picture it, because I
               | imagine it being pretty gross.
        
               | flangola7 wrote:
               | MythBusters did this with a realistic (pig?) manikin.
               | Pretty gross, yes.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | anigbrowl wrote:
               | I'm Hollywooding it here, but I bet it develops crack
               | lines before collapsing. Most things in nature fail
               | slowly, then all at once - think of standing on an iced-
               | over puddle or pulling tree limbs.
        
               | wkat4242 wrote:
               | I think 400 atmospheres of pressure change the dynamics a
               | lot here.
               | 
               | Perhaps there might be a hairline crack that makes a
               | window shatter when it's hit with a hammer. Except the
               | hammer impact is constant. I don't think there would have
               | been a lot of time.
        
               | anigbrowl wrote:
               | I don't mean that it had a crack in it, but that it
               | developed one as a precursor to total failure. My
               | experience of physical materials is that they almost
               | never just atomize, rather there's a weakpoint from which
               | the failure cascades. I'm envisioning a process that
               | might only last a few seconds, or be measurable in
               | milliseconds.
        
               | Ruthalas wrote:
               | This is likely less the case when the pressure
               | differential is ~480 bar.
               | 
               | Failure is going to occur on the order of fractions of a
               | second at those huge pressures. (Fortunately?)
               | 
               | Here's a pressure vessel failing at only 1 bar:
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/Zz95_VvTxZM
        
               | anigbrowl wrote:
               | Agreed on the likely short timescale. I am imagining
               | having just enough time to think 'something's not
               | right...' Musicians are sensitive to latencies on the
               | order of 10-20 milliseconds; I doubt there was time for a
               | conversation about it.
        
               | euroderf wrote:
               | Relatively, exceedingly merciful.
        
               | misiti3780 wrote:
               | How long would it take to get down to 4000m though, didnt
               | they lose contact like 1 hour in?
        
               | methodical wrote:
               | The ascent and descent to Titanic is about 2 hours one-
               | way. The exact time they say they lost contact was after
               | around 1 hour and 45 minutes. It was likely at or close
               | to at the depth of Titanic.
        
             | c00lio wrote:
             | Oxygen is just about running out in the next few hours,
             | they don't seem to have had any sonar contact, no cable or
             | underwater phone. Getting something like a DSRV (which
             | wouldn't really help if they are at ground level there,
             | because it cannot dive that deep) there will take at least
             | a day. Even if they are still alive, their chances of
             | rescue are nonexistent.
        
               | jacurtis wrote:
               | Yeah at this point, it seems that catastrophe struck 90
               | mins or so into the dive. That is when contact was lost.
               | 
               | They were early enough into the dive that they would have
               | abandoned the dive after losing contact, they would have
               | only been about halfway to the bottom, and they still
               | would need communication to even find the titanic. So if
               | they lost contact, the mission would have been aborted
               | inside the sub, because they wouldn't have any hope of
               | completing the mission without the aid of the surface
               | vessel.
               | 
               | There are several emergency surfacing options available
               | on the sub in addition to the primary propulsion method.
               | If the sub lost contact, it would have surfaced. That is
               | what happened in several other missions this company has
               | made where communication was lost.
               | 
               | So the fact that communication was lost and no attempt to
               | surface was made, suggests that there was a catastrophic
               | failure. At the pressure they were at, the smallest leak
               | would lead to immediate implosion. The most likely
               | scenario is that they experienced a crack or defect in
               | the hull that lead to implosion. It was likely over
               | before anyone onboard even was aware of a problem (or
               | within seconds of it).
        
               | TimothyBJacobs wrote:
               | > Oxygen is just about running out in the next few hours,
               | 
               | Official reports have been saying 40 hours a few hours
               | ago.
        
               | jacurtis wrote:
               | Yes there were oxygen scrubbers on-board that had an
               | estimated endurance to provide clean air for about 5 days
               | for 5 people.
               | 
               | It has come out that it is wildly untested and optimistic
               | estimate. The longest mission they had conducted onboard
               | was 12 hours. So the theoretical limit may not be
               | realistic. If there was panic onboard, that would
               | increase oxygen usage dramatically, which could cut as
               | much as 25% off the estimate (which is nearly a day in
               | this case).
               | 
               | In other words... it is grim.
        
               | jvm___ wrote:
               | The best 'find things on the bottom of the ocean' gear is
               | usually on a ship somewhere, but just happens to be in-
               | between ships, but is on the Jersey islands in the
               | English Channel. Except it still needs a military cargo
               | plane to retrieve it, deliver it to Newfoundland and be
               | moved by ship on location.
               | 
               | Time isn't on their side.
        
             | jethro_tell wrote:
             | Well, it's schrodinger's submersible at this point.
        
               | civilitty wrote:
               | Talk about a collapsing wave function! (Or don't)
        
             | quietbritishjim wrote:
             | If the viewing window collapsed then they would have been
             | pretty much instantly compressed to a paste.
        
               | jacurtis wrote:
               | Yeah, everyone calculating oxygen rates is a nice
               | optimistic view on the situation.
               | 
               | I think occams razor suggests that they experienced a
               | breach or defect in the viewing window (or possibly the
               | hull).
               | 
               | At the pressures they were at, it would have been over
               | for them, before they ever even knew there was a problem.
               | The pressures are so great, that they would have
               | assimilated into the water instantly.
               | 
               | For what its worth, as sad as that sounds, it is possibly
               | a better fate than the alternative of suffocating to
               | death for 4 days in complete darkness (which is exactly
               | what happened to 23 crew members aboard the Kursk russian
               | sub back in 2000 [1])
               | 
               | [1]
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kursk_submarine_disaster
        
         | eterm wrote:
         | That may be true but it still speaks to the company culture.
        
         | cpleppert wrote:
         | They don't advertise any of their "new submersibles" on the
         | website and the specifications they claim for Titan don't match
         | any of their new submersibles; Titan is rated to go to the
         | Titanic and not any lower. Titan isn't a previous version
         | either. Unless they shelved the first Titan they probably just
         | added some strengthening and called it a day.
         | 
         | I'm blown away that for a sub of that size and shape they used
         | carbon fiber. The sub is positively gigantic and a cylinder is
         | very susceptible to failure after repeated cycles. I'm pretty
         | sure the claims they made about working with NASA and having a
         | system to monitor the structural integrity of the sub are just
         | BS.
        
         | idop wrote:
         | This doesn't tell us whether new submersibles were ever built.
        
       | disillusioned wrote:
       | They lost contact right around 1:30-1:45 into the dive, which
       | takes about 2 hours to reach final depth... while it's possible
       | they lost power or controls, the idea that we're going to find
       | them bobbing around somewhere instead of basically right next to
       | the Titanic wreck itself on the seafloor seems laughable. It
       | feels like the most likely failure mode has to do with the
       | viewport, considering some earlier duty cycle trepidation and the
       | linked concerns about the viewport's certifiable depths.
       | 
       | Would love to be wrong, but I think we're going to find a
       | crushed/mangled carbon fiber tin can sitting alongside the wreck
       | when we finally get an unmanned submersible down there that can
       | look for them.
        
         | bambax wrote:
         | > _the idea that we 're going to find them bobbing around
         | somewhere_
         | 
         | It wouldn't actually make any difference, because the only way
         | out of that thing is to unscrew 17 heavy duty bolts _from the
         | outside_.
         | 
         | If they're floating around somewhere that doesn't make them
         | safe; they're just suffocating at the surface instead of on the
         | sea floor.
         | 
         | Also, the claimed 96 hours of "life support" was never properly
         | tested, and there's no evidence the vessel was able to properly
         | extract toxic gasses from its atmosphere, etc.
        
       | perihelions wrote:
       | - _" Lochridge, who claimed he was discharged in retaliation for
       | being a whistleblower, made his filing after OceanGate sued him
       | in federal court in Seattle that June. OceanGate has accused him
       | of sharing confidential information with two individuals, as well
       | as with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
       | (OSHA)."_
       | 
       | https://techcrunch.com/2023/06/20/a-whistleblower-raised-saf...
       | 
       | I didn't know "sharing confidential information with OSHA" could
       | be a valid (?) cause of action.
        
       | stevecalifornia wrote:
       | Does this thing have a tether to the surface or not? I would be
       | blown away if it didn't have a tether, but that seems to be the
       | case.
        
         | Max-q wrote:
         | It doesn't have a tether.
        
         | cududa wrote:
         | They're going 4,000 meters/ 2.5 miles under the sea. Roughly
         | 400 atmospheres of pressure. A quick google shows the longest
         | commercial tether is 1,100 meters and is meant for undersea
         | drones for power/ data.
         | 
         | Aside from the massive tether and engine that would need to
         | pull it, I'd imagine it would rip the submersible to shreds at
         | those depths
        
           | interroboink wrote:
           | Just as another data point, the Nereus[1] explored the
           | Mariana Trench at nearly 11km depth, and had a comms tether
           | (very thin optical fiber). According to the wiki, its tether
           | was 40km in length total. So, it's not out of the question, I
           | don't think.
           | 
           | No good for pulling it to the surface, of course, but
           | reliable communication alone would be a great benefit.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nereus_(underwater_vehicle)
        
           | esprehn wrote:
           | The tether is not connected directly, it's connected to a TMS
           | that then has a smaller cable connected to the submersible.
           | 
           | Ex.
           | 
           | https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Schematic-image-of-a-
           | wor...
           | 
           | https://f-e-t.com/subsea/vehicles/tether-management-systems/
           | 
           | There's also this one which looks like it can get to the
           | depths of the Titanic:
           | 
           | https://nautiluslive.org/tech/rov-argus
           | 
           | So it was certainly possible to do this with a tether, but it
           | would have been much more expensive.
        
           | whats_a_quasar wrote:
           | The Jason ROV has a six mile tether:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_(ROV)
           | 
           | And the Titanic was discovered by camera sled being towed by
           | a ship.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argo_(ROV)
           | 
           | So your search might have been a bit too quick. It certainly
           | is possible possible to build a tethered crewed submersible,
           | though this vehicle wasn't.
           | 
           | Credit to js2 from this comment:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36396161
        
         | shadowgovt wrote:
         | It did not.
        
         | pezdeath wrote:
         | How big of a ship would you need to even hold that tether?
         | 
         | At 4000m under the ocean, you'd need like 10000m of cabling at
         | a minimum I'd assume? And then you'd need the tether + winch to
         | be capable of supporting and lifting the sub at that depth.
         | 
         | I'd be amazed if any country let alone company has that
         | capability outside of maybe the US military.
        
           | SirMaster wrote:
           | How do they control the unmanned subs that they use to survey
           | the Titanic then?
           | 
           | They are not tethered?
        
             | cududa wrote:
             | A data link tether and one capable of pulling up a giant
             | heavy craft are very very different
        
               | whats_a_quasar wrote:
               | The vehicle that discovered the titanic was a sled pulled
               | behind a ship on a tether. A thick steel cable can take a
               | lot of load. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argo_(ROV)
               | 
               | Also, subs operate at close to neutral buoyancy. A tether
               | does not need to support the weight of the vehicle, it
               | only needs to resist the force of drag that the water
               | exerts on the vehicle moving at whatever the max tow /
               | lift speed is.
               | 
               | The vehicle that
        
         | anigbrowl wrote:
         | Even without a tether, I'm mystified it didn't have an
         | attachment that was designed to return to the surface and act
         | as a beacon if anything went drastically wrong. Since all it
         | would need would be a few sensors, a battery, and an antenna
         | one imagines it would be somewhat easier to design than the
         | main vessel.
        
       | VWWHFSfQ wrote:
       | > Missing Titanic Sub Once Faced Massive Lawsuit Over Depths It
       | Could Safely Travel To
       | 
       | I was always told never to end a sentence with a preposition. Is
       | that still considered correct grammar? If I was the editor I
       | would have rewritten the title to:
       | 
       | > Missing Titanic Sub Once Faced Massive Lawsuit Over Depths To
       | Which It Could Safely Travel
       | 
       | Better or worse?
       | 
       | Maybe this one:
       | 
       | > Missing Titanic Sub Once Faced Massive Lawsuit Over Traveling
       | To Unsafe Depths
        
         | rcme wrote:
         | Ending sentences with prepositions is perfectly fine English.
         | According to this source [0], the original idea behind avoiding
         | ending sentences with prepositions was conceived by people who
         | wanted to align English grammar more closely with Latin
         | grammar. Obviously, that's not an attractive selling point to
         | many English speakers and sentences frequently end in
         | prepositions today.
         | 
         | 0: https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-
         | play/prepositions-e...
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | Your last example may or may not be accurate. Did it actually
         | ever travel to that depth?
         | 
         | "to which" is technically EDIT: better formal English. For a
         | headline in mainstream news? I might well give it a pass.
        
         | fn-mote wrote:
         | Your last one is close but might imply something slightly
         | different.
         | 
         | My suggestion:
         | 
         | Missing Titanic Sub Once Faced Massive Lawsuit Over Safe Travel
         | Depth
        
           | rcoveson wrote:
           | That's pretty good, but keep in mind that it's a headline.
           | Most style guides stipulate alliteration, even at the expense
           | of accuracy and specificity. For example:
           | 
           | Sunk Submarine Sued: Design Deadly During Designated Dives
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | +1 to that.
           | 
           | Not because of the (non-existent) rule, but because "depth"
           | is a stronger word than "to." It's almost always better for
           | the last word to have some punch.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | wizofaus wrote:
         | Obligatory Churchill quote ..."This is the type of errant
         | pedantry up with which I will not put".
        
           | Mordisquitos wrote:
           | But prepositions are not words to end sentences with!
        
           | mkl wrote:
           | Not Churchill:
           | https://quoteinvestigator.com/2012/07/04/churchill-
           | prepositi...
           | 
           | You likely mean "arrant", too.
        
             | wizofaus wrote:
             | I knew as soon as I posted that someone would find proof it
             | wasn't Churchill...
        
               | mcpackieh wrote:
               | _" Very rarely is a Churchill quote actually a Churchill
               | quote."_ - Churchill
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | vlod wrote:
         | Not exactly the point you're asking, but pg made a point [0]
         | about spelling that I think about:
         | 
         | pg: "11 yo asked why he had to learn spellings. I told him
         | honestly that although spelling may not really matter, if he
         | couldn't spell, people would think he was stupid. And that was
         | sufficiently motivating."
         | 
         | Can I End a Sentence with a Preposition? [1]
         | 
         | Generally you can (as others and the article points out), but I
         | would suggest you use it in a very limited manner. I still hear
         | my high school teachers frightening chastising voice and it
         | stops me doing it. :)
         | 
         | When people realize they can do it (or hear others doing it)
         | they tend to overuse it for everything and it can drive those
         | around you mad. That's when you get in the territory that pg
         | describes IMHO.
         | 
         | One things that makes my skin crawl, is when I hear people
         | speaking (loudly) into their mobile (which for some reason
         | always seems to be in speaker mode) "Hello? Where you at?".
         | /shiver
         | 
         | [0] https://twitter.com/paulg/status/1307987891658858502
         | 
         | [1] https://www.grammarly.com/blog/end-sentence-preposition/
        
       | mjhay wrote:
       | > That's according to legal documents obtained by The New
       | Republic. According to the court documents, in a 2018 case,
       | OceanGate employee David Lochridge, a submersible pilot, voiced
       | concerns about the safety of the sub. According to a press
       | release, Lochridge was director of marine operations at the time,
       | "responsible for the safety of all crew and clients."
       | 
       | In this case, being fired was an ideal outcome.
        
         | hsjqllzlfkf wrote:
         | He was "responsible for safety of all crew and clients". So, he
         | voiced that the sub wasn't safe. He was doing his job. If he
         | hadn't been fired maybe he would've been able to enact changes
         | to prevent a disaster, so I disagree that being fired was an
         | ideal outcome. Being fired is only an ideal outcome if you
         | believe that Lochridge wasn't trying to enact change but only
         | to avoid liability. I don't see a reason to such cynical view.
        
           | margalabargala wrote:
           | Lochridge was also a submersible pilot.
           | 
           | Being fired was an ideal outcome _for Lochridge_ , because
           | Lochridge was therefore not piloting the sub this week.
        
             | renewiltord wrote:
             | The _ideal_ outcome for Lochridge, I 'm sure would have
             | been the sub being modified so that these problems did not
             | occur.
             | 
             | I'm pretty sure he does not set the utility of other
             | peoples' lives at 0, so their surviving along with him
             | would definitely be better.
             | 
             | So this has to be the second-best outcome at best.
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | That's true.
               | 
               | What outcome is ideal depends on the priors, I suppose.
               | 
               | If the company not listening to Lochridge is a given,
               | then being fired is better than not, and having to go
               | down on the sub.
               | 
               | The company listening to Lochridge is better than the
               | company not listening to Lochridge.
               | 
               | The company putting safety first and engineering
               | something that met Lochridge's standards from the outset
               | is better than the company listening to Lochridge when he
               | brought up problems. And so on.
        
         | EA wrote:
         | ...for risk adverse leaders in the company who wanted to
         | utilize the system.
         | 
         | This worker likely blew the whistle on the safety assessment of
         | the system.
         | 
         | Sometimes, external forces see product to market despite risks:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disas...
        
         | ClumsyPilot wrote:
         | This is like 20th case of employee warning about fraud and\or
         | impeding disaster, and being punished as a result. And employee
         | being 100% correct.
         | 
         | See theranos and others. We really need to address this
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | Maybe "Safety officer" should not be a position that can be
           | let go at any time for any reason, and they should have
           | actual, legal authority to do their job.
           | 
           | Otherwise they are more like a safety consultant.
        
             | salawat wrote:
             | Safety/Quality Assurance in the U.S. is like legal ablative
             | armor for companies. Especially if you're considered a
             | C-Level voice at the table; because all that'll happen is
             | engineers running to the CTO to override that mean old
             | Safety/Quality guy to get override authority.
        
           | euroderf wrote:
           | Didn't you get the memo? See: "RE: No Good Deed Goes
           | Unpunished".
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Problem is there are far far far more cases of an employee
           | reporting irrelevant 'safety' problems just to try to win a
           | settlement from a company.
           | 
           | How do you separate the legit concerns from someone
           | complaining that they can't go to work because their yellow
           | safety vest is slightly dirty and therefore not safe anymore?
        
             | californical wrote:
             | Do you have a bunch of examples of employees filing
             | concerns with OSHA that ended up being completely false? I
             | feel like I've never heard of this
        
               | alach11 wrote:
               | To be fair, there's a huge sampling bias issue here.
               | We're talking about the submarine whistleblower because
               | it made the news headlines. An employee raising concerns
               | with OSHA and getting proven false doesn't make the front
               | page.
        
           | sho_hn wrote:
           | Mature companies definitely go to big lengths to address
           | this, usually above and beyond what regulators prescribe as a
           | baseline.
           | 
           | All proper engineering companies have integrity and
           | compliance processes, whistleblower systems, confidante
           | contacts, etc.
           | 
           | It's good business to do this. Fucking up kills people, and
           | liability kills companies.
        
             | flangola7 wrote:
             | > Mature companies definitely go to big lengths to address
             | this, usually above and beyond what regulators prescribe as
             | a baseline.
             | 
             | Mature companies develop code to intentionally dodge
             | regulations. They're not trustworthy regardless of
             | "maturity".
        
       | kingTug wrote:
       | > _Lochridge discovered the viewing window on front of sub "was
       | only built to a certified pressure of 1,300 meters, although
       | OceanGate intended to take passengers...to...4,000
       | meters...OceanGate refused to pay...to build a viewport that
       | would meet the required depth of 4,000 meters."_
       | 
       | Previously unseen levels of "I told you man, I warned you" here.
        
         | coldcode wrote:
         | Well built or not (clearly not) you could not pay me enough to
         | be bolted into a carbon cylinder going down 4000 meters.
         | 
         | Given the whistle blower this company has no hope of surviving
         | any lawsuits, even if the victims (passengers) signed away
         | their rights.
        
           | jacurtis wrote:
           | The carbon fiber tube is also sealed from the outside by 10
           | inch long bolts. There is no way to open it from the inside
           | (not that it really matters at 13,000 ft deep), just to add
           | to the terror.
           | 
           | Yeah, I'm happy to enjoy the views of Titanic wreckage from
           | 4k video footage taken by robot subs, while viewing it in my
           | underwear in front of a 70" OLED tv. In a few years I will
           | probably be able to don a VR headset and swim around the
           | titanic in VR. I'm satisfied with that alternative.
        
           | hotpotamus wrote:
           | I don't know what a lawsuit would hope to gain - given that
           | the CEO and the company's main asset are gone, I doubt
           | there's much of a company left to sue.
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | Thing is... The CEO is aboard the missing submersible. That
         | same CEO who presumably wouldn't pay for a proper window...
         | 
         | This wasn't only a case of a CEO putting other lives at risk
         | for profits... This was a case of a CEO putting his _own_ life
         | on the line for profits he will likely never see...
        
           | pipnonsense wrote:
           | I may be wrong here, but I think there is a regulation that
           | prevents the owner of an airline from piloting the planes of
           | their own airline. It might create a conflict of interest
           | between saving money and being cautious.
           | 
           | This is not only a theoretical risk. It happened. A Brazilian
           | soccer team, Chapecoense, hired a private airliner to get
           | them from Bolivia to Colombia. Due to some bad luck, airport
           | closing hours and whatnot, the flight plan had to be changed
           | and the plane was fueled below what the regulations required.
           | They were getting close to the destination airport when they
           | got a low fuel warning. More bad luck and in the airport of
           | the destination the flight control asked their flight to wait
           | while another plane had priority in landing.
           | 
           | There were alternatives to redirect the flight or request
           | priority to land, which they only requested when it was too
           | late and the plane crashed due to fuel exhaustion. 71 of 77
           | people in the plane died in the crash, including the pilot.
           | 
           | The pilot was also the co-owner of the airline, so there is
           | room to speculate that he didn't want to promptly admit to be
           | low on fuel and require priority to land, or divert to
           | another airport when the low-fuel warning appeared, because
           | he would have to admit that he fueled below what the
           | regulations asked. He could face the consequences, like a
           | fine or losing his license.
           | 
           | I might forgot or misunderstood something, but more details
           | here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaMia_Flight_2933
        
           | RektBoy wrote:
           | Too bad Google or Meta doesn't make subs too.
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | CEOs sniff their own abysmally stupid farts all the time.
           | When trying to sell something, the first person you have to
           | trick is yourself, but that does NOT indemnify them for
           | harming others. Getting people killed because you are too
           | stupid to understand basic risk concepts shouldn't be
           | acceptable.
           | 
           | Power should come with responsibility and accountability
           | ESPECIALLY if you are not responsible or accountable.
        
             | AdamJacobMuller wrote:
             | It seems like the CEO here did pay the ultimate price of
             | responsibility and accountability.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | There's gotta be a middle ground between doing whatever
               | with no repercussions and literally dying by your own
               | stupidity.
        
           | ornornor wrote:
           | > This was a case of a CEO putting his own life on the line
           | for profits he will likely never see...
           | 
           | At least he put his money where his mouth was. Or rather
           | didn't put his money, but you know what I mean.
        
             | c00lio wrote:
             | You mean: He put his ass where his mouth was...?
        
               | jvm___ wrote:
               | He put his ass where his money wasn't.
        
             | euroderf wrote:
             | I suppose that to be a CEO in that kind of business you
             | have to have a faulty understanding of risk.
        
             | aredox wrote:
             | He still killed other people, and fired the only guy who
             | got it right, denying him revenue and pension and health
             | insurance.
        
               | ornornor wrote:
               | I didn't mean to say he's a good guy, just that it's one
               | step up from others who make others take the risks at no
               | cost to themselves. You know, face I win tails you lose
               | kind of thing. But yeah, still reckless and
               | irresponsible.
        
               | Y_Y wrote:
               | Revenues are modest in the submarine sinking business
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | johndhi wrote:
         | I'm usually the first to look at how to defend engineers'
         | decisions when building something that failed... But it's very
         | hard for me to imagine how this can be OK.
         | 
         | had they tested it at lower depths before?
        
           | pbourke wrote:
           | It had made several dives to the Titanic in 2022
        
         | hindsightbias wrote:
         | It should be left wherever it is as a memorial to hubris, as
         | apparenlty the Titanic is not enough for some people.
        
           | bambax wrote:
           | Not only is the Titanic not enough, but that thing was named
           | after it! It was called "Titan"!
           | 
           | They must have thought Titanic was a diminutive, if they only
           | kept the Titan part then they would actually be invincible.
           | 
           | But it wasn't enough to fool fate.
        
             | RajT88 wrote:
             | What's wild is there was a book written 14 years before,
             | featuring the same basic scenario with almost the same name
             | as the ship, the Titan:
             | 
             | https://www.mentalfloss.com/posts/novel-predicted-titanic-
             | di...
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wreck_of_the_Titan:_Or,_F
             | u...
        
             | LightBug1 wrote:
             | Fate, it seems, is not without a sense of ...
        
               | sho_hn wrote:
               | To be fair, this is all extremely cynical while we don't
               | actually know what happened.
        
               | LightBug1 wrote:
               | You're right ... I had to stop myself from asking when
               | the movie will be released ... * forgive me, Lord *
        
               | Ambroos wrote:
               | Is there any way for this to end (other than sabotage and
               | other outlandish options) in which this was not caused by
               | a company trying to make money in an extremely unsafe
               | way?
        
               | Dma54rhs wrote:
               | I'd rather listen to expert opinions on the matter rather
               | than software engineers who think they know all. People
               | dunk on then using off the shelf equipment but that is
               | rather common even for the military.
        
               | sho_hn wrote:
               | You may be right in a colloquial sense, but it's an
               | engineering forum, you know? If someone dies while
               | skydiving you could argue they were doing something
               | risky-unsafe and unnecessary and had it coming, too, but
               | as an engineer I'd still want to know why the chute
               | didn't release, whether it was actually predictable, and
               | how to fix it.
               | 
               | This may absolutely make a great tale about hubris one
               | day, if we ever find out.
        
               | anigbrowl wrote:
               | Conversely, if we can't find out (eg the wreck isn't
               | located, or is so damaged we can't be sure) then a
               | probabilistic assessment is the best we can do. Refusing
               | to speculate at all essentially gives a pass to
               | predictable failures.
        
               | sho_hn wrote:
               | Sure. I wasn't advocating we shouldn't speculate, but
               | gloating seems a bit early.
        
               | rurp wrote:
               | If it turned out that the failed parachute had a history
               | of using and misusing a number of cheap parts that
               | weren't up to spec, I'm not sure there would be much of
               | interest left to speculate about.
               | 
               | In this case, OceanGate has a well documented history of
               | making poor and reckless engineering decisions. The fact
               | that things went horribly wrong is probably related to
               | one of the many corners they cut.
               | 
               | It will be interesting if/when we get more solid
               | information but until then most of the speculation seems
               | pretty on point to me.
        
               | Ambroos wrote:
               | I agree, but the whole set-up seems to have so many
               | massive safety issues that it seems like they were
               | relying on pure dumb luck more than anything else.
               | 
               | This feels more like someone went skydiving with a
               | homemade parachute in strong winds above an active
               | volcano.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | tpm wrote:
             | If neither Titanic nor Titan were invincible, the mighty
             | Tit surely will be.
        
               | napsterbr wrote:
               | I'll be on board of T!
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | euroderf wrote:
           | Big Underwater Monument to Capitalistic Hubris and Small
           | Underwater Monument to Capitalistic Hubris
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | What good is it at the sea floor?
           | 
           | It needs to be raised, and placed on Wall Street for all to
           | see.
        
             | selimthegrim wrote:
             | Looks like Hollywood and Clive Cussler beat you to that one
             | too
        
             | appleflaxen wrote:
             | Can't we seems wall street to them?
        
           | Rapzid wrote:
           | 2030 Titanic tours:
           | 
           | Add Titan visit for just 20% more!
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | comeonbro wrote:
       | Sub Brief just released his first video on the matter an hour
       | ago:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dka29FSZac
        
         | bambax wrote:
         | Very informative, thanks!!
        
         | EA-3167 wrote:
         | He's one of the best things to come out of the War Zone imo,
         | his videos are always informative and to the point.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | fnordpiglet wrote:
       | """ OceanGate refused to pay for the manufacturer to build a
       | viewport that would meet the required depth of 4,000 meters.
       | 
       | For reference, the Titanic is estimated to sit on the ocean floor
       | at a depth of nearly 13,000 feet. """
       | 
       | I really want to reduce their grade for mixing units. It's
       | particular egregious to use different units in a "for reference!"
        
       | rwmj wrote:
       | There's a BBC documentary from last year which I just watched:
       | 
       | https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0fpz9zw
       | 
       | and honestly a lot of it seems quite amateur hour. One of the
       | steering motors was fitted backwards. When they discovered this,
       | at the bottom of the ocean and a few hundred feet from Titanic,
       | the solution they used was to hold the gamepad at right angles to
       | compensate. That time they proceeded with the tour and made it
       | back, but I can see how things could have gone a lot more wrong.
        
         | idop wrote:
         | So apparently this OceanGate company is a VC-funded startup or
         | some such founded "to make underwater exploration cheaper and
         | accessible to private citizens" (Wikipedia quote). Tells me
         | everything I need to know about how this all came to be.
        
           | euroderf wrote:
           | The next test dive to max depth is reserved for the board of
           | directors.
        
             | bleepblop wrote:
             | Ah yes, the life insurance scheme.
        
           | klabb3 wrote:
           | I don't think this is (was) a money maker at all. There's a
           | clip on YouTube where they invited a CBS journalist to join.
           | The CEO, to me, seems like a passionate dreamer who
           | definitely 100% ate his own dog food (ie took huge personal
           | risk). He was onboard this likely final voyage. They didn't
           | make any profit, at least back then. It's obviously
           | incredibly expensive and near-impossible to scale such an
           | operation.
           | 
           | Look, I despise VCs as much as the next guy, but this doesn't
           | smell like a typical cynical VC money grab, like at all. To
           | me it smells like an ultra-extreme sport. To ordinary people,
           | it's extraordinarily stupid, they're certainly in over their
           | heads, but nobody casually signs up to go to 4000m depth
           | without being well aware of the risks.
        
             | jazzyjackson wrote:
             | VCs are all about finding someone with a genuine passion
             | and pushing enormous expectations of profit onto them.
        
               | klabb3 wrote:
               | The enormous profiteering of deep ocean exploration is
               | certainly an interesting angle, but I highly doubt it. If
               | you want money from that, I think you'd want to be a
               | military contractor instead, or consult for offshore oil.
               | A $250k "leisure" trip to titanic would be an... unusual
               | anniversary gift.
        
           | mysterydip wrote:
           | "move fast and break things" may not be the best mantra for
           | such an operation.
        
         | soumyadeb wrote:
         | "BBC iPlayer only works in the UK. Sorry, it's due to rights
         | issues".
        
           | rwmj wrote:
           | Yeah I'm sorry about that. Maybe someone could download it
           | and host it somewhere (which would be contrary to the
           | license, but possibly in the public interest in this case).
        
           | plugin-baby wrote:
           | US is no longer part of UK.
        
             | soumyadeb wrote:
             | Ha, udpated the comment.
             | 
             | My point was, why would this content be gated.
        
             | misiti3780 wrote:
             | lol
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | https://www.bbc.com/aboutthebbc/governance/licencefee
        
           | lentil_soup wrote:
           | Yeah, BBC iPlayer is UK only since it's funded by UK
           | residents
        
           | phantom784 wrote:
           | Looks like it's licensed to "BBC Select" in the US.
           | https://www.bbcselect.com/watch/take-me-to-titanic/
        
           | martin_ wrote:
           | Note that the BBC is funded primarily by what's known as a
           | "TV License"[0] in the UK - I think it's entirely possible
           | they could probably increase ads or something for
           | international viewers but understand why it isn't their area
           | of focus
           | 
           | [0] https://www.bbc.com/aboutthebbc/governance/licencefee
        
             | TillE wrote:
             | People - including politicians - have said for many years
             | that the BBC should sell iPlayer subscriptions to
             | international viewers, but they just...don't. They also
             | have a massive archive of beloved content, enough to be a
             | first-class streaming platform, but that stuff's not
             | available even to UK residents.
        
               | PokemonNoGo wrote:
               | Probably because with their current scheme they liscens
               | the material for other markets and thus would be in
               | violation of these kind of deals? As well as their co-
               | funding/producing of foreign material. The question I
               | would as as a liscense payer is what they earn through
               | this.
               | 
               | Not saying it's not possible but why it is quite the hard
               | thing to get out of, and not spend liscens money while
               | doing so, makes sense. I would guess someone has made
               | these calculations once or twice too.
               | 
               | Pretty sure it's not that they "just don't" though.
        
               | reaperducer wrote:
               | _liscens the material for other markets and thus would be
               | in violation of these kind of deals?_
               | 
               | Except that the BBC does it all the time.
               | 
               | You can watch lots of BBC content - even current stuff -
               | in other countries.
               | 
               | ABC in Australia, and Acorn streaming or PBS OTA in the
               | US.
        
             | majjam wrote:
             | I believe the bbc provides its shows internationally via
             | other channels, for e.g.
             | https://www.bbcselect.com/watch/take-me-to-titanic/
        
               | smcin wrote:
               | BBC Select is only in US and Canada, not in rest of
               | world.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Select_(streaming_servi
               | ce)
        
             | OJFord wrote:
             | > Note that the BBC is funded primarily by what's known as
             | a "TV License"[0] in the UK
             | 
             | Well, as 'TV _Licence_ ', since that's the spelling of the
             | noun outside the US ;)
        
           | mkl95 wrote:
           | iPlayer is usually VPN-friendly.
        
       | elzbardico wrote:
       | If we consider that the deepest submersibles in the US Navy
       | "only" went 1.5 km deep (not talking about experimental craft,
       | only deployed, actively deployed equipment), I'd be really
       | cautious before embarking on this ship.
       | 
       | This was a guy in a Marina nonchalantly going where the fucking
       | US Navy, the most powerful navy in the whole history of the world
       | doesn't dare to tread.
        
         | oh_sigh wrote:
         | The US Navy has no need or desire to go deep like that. I'm
         | sure they would figure out how to do it if they needed to, but
         | it probably would be a ROV and not a little capsule you stuff
         | some humans into.
        
         | sho_hn wrote:
         | So was this dude:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepsea_Challenger
        
         | JimmyAustin wrote:
         | I'd say it's more "doesn't bother to tread" rather than
         | "doesn't dare to tread". There probably is not a lot below
         | 1.5km that would be of much interest to the US Navy.
        
         | progbits wrote:
         | There is a big difference between "doesn't dare to" and "it's
         | not practical/useful for warfare".
         | 
         | There have been plenty of submersibles that went much deeper.
         | People went down 10km in the 1960s. There is no excuse for the
         | incompetence and stupidity of this titanic crew.
        
         | mandevil wrote:
         | Okay, so I'm confused. The bathyscape Trieste, paid for by the
         | USN, went to the deepest spot in the entire ocean- the
         | Challengers Deep of the Mariana's Trench- back in 1960 (it is
         | on display at the US Navy Museum in Washington DC). The DSV
         | Alvin, also paid for by the USN, visited the Titanic back in
         | the 1980's (it is still operational, operated by Woods Hole
         | Oceanographic Research Institute under contract for the USN).
         | So what kind of distinction are you trying to make with
         | "deployed, actively deployed equipment"?
         | 
         | 1.5km far exceeds any realistic estimate of crush depth for a
         | USN warship submarine- generally open source estimates are
         | around 600m for them, so I am really not sure where you got
         | your number from. It is much deeper than the typical big
         | nuclear submarine would be able to do, but not nearly as deep
         | as the research vehicles the Navy has.
        
         | mrguyorama wrote:
         | The US navy is not attempting to solve the problem space of
         | "Tourist trip to deep ocean locations". Privately owned
         | submersibles have long out-depthed US navy crafts, because US
         | navy doesn't need a small craft to go that deep.
        
         | nostromo wrote:
         | Good point, but keep in mind the DoD by default does not
         | disclose its capabilities.
        
         | ak_111 wrote:
         | What is extraordinary is the marketing line "You will go where
         | the US navy dare not tread" will _draw_ in some customers
        
         | kens wrote:
         | The Navy's Trieste II went to 20,000 feet (6.1 km) in the
         | 1960s. It dove to the wreckage of the Thresher, among other
         | things and was in service until 1980. It was replaced by Alvin-
         | class of deep-submergence vehicles.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trieste_II_(Bathyscaphe)
        
       | Rapzid wrote:
       | AFAICT, if that vessel is still intact under water, their only
       | hope is the power fails and the weights release.
       | 
       | There is not enough oxygen left for the amount of time rescue
       | would take at this point.
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | There's a surprising amount of corner cutting that goes on with
       | large engineering projects. Examples:
       | 
       | - A water slide had basic design flaws. That water slide would
       | later go on to decapitate the son of a Congressman [1];
       | 
       | - The Millenium Tower in San Francisco was allowed to be built
       | without the piles going down to bedrock [2];
       | 
       | - A borrowed system from an earlier rocket was never tested on
       | the Ariane 5. An integer overflow basically caused the Ariane 5
       | to blow up on launch [3];
       | 
       | - Famously, the Challenger disaster came down to some O rings
       | becoming brittle in the cold launch conditions and the launch was
       | approved regardless [4];
       | 
       | - To counter the competition of the Airbus A320neo, Boeing
       | decided against a full redesign of the 737 and instead just
       | updated the aging 737 design by putting more powerful engines on
       | it and moving them forward. This could lead to stalls if the
       | plane angled up too much. To counter this, Boeing added the (now
       | famous) MCAS to keep the 737 type rating [5] and didn't really
       | tell airlines and pilots about it. But the worst part was the
       | system had no redundancy. It relies on a single sensor. Normally
       | for safety-critical sensors there is triple-redundancy. So for
       | something like this you'd have 3 sensors (minimum) and there'd
       | need to be agreement between at least two. That was an _optional
       | upgrade_.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/26/us/waterslide-boy-
       | decapit...
       | 
       | [2]: https://practical.engineering/blog/2021/11/10/what-really-
       | ha...
       | 
       | [3]: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20150505-the-numbers-
       | that...
       | 
       | [4]: https://www.simscale.com/blog/space-shuttle-challenger-
       | disas...
       | 
       | [5]: https://medium.com/the-systems-engineering-
       | scholar/inadequat...
        
         | whats_a_quasar wrote:
         | I mean, yes, there are a lot of designs that fail, but the vast
         | majority of infrastructure operates reliably for decades. Most
         | waterslides don't decapitate people, and skyscraper collapses
         | are exceedingly rare. Launch vehicles fail more frequently but
         | they're phenomenally complicated machines that are produced in
         | low volumes and flown infrequently.
        
         | bambax wrote:
         | The concept of "cutting corners" is difficult to define.
         | 
         | Good engineering is not about pouring as much concrete as
         | possible into the largest hole ever made by mankind, for every
         | bridge pillar.
         | 
         | It's the opposite! Good engineering is finding the _minimum_
         | amount of concrete that will hold the bridge under all possible
         | foreseeable circumstances.
         | 
         | Yes, sometimes the minimum proves too short, and in those times
         | the failures are often catastrophic. But we're still looking
         | for that minimum. We're never looking for "maximum safety with
         | no regard for anything else". That would be impossible.
        
           | salawat wrote:
           | And when we push that too far, or allow economics to overrule
           | the fact we're putting squishy humans at the center of forces
           | thhe vast majority of them have difficulty comprehending,
           | people die.
           | 
           | I'd prefer people stop couching engineering as "the quest for
           | the cheapest we can make it", and more "lets not make an
           | industrial scale coffin".
           | 
           | None of which is possible without someone who can rein in
           | risk comfortable execs with a hard, unoverridable no.
        
       | perihelions wrote:
       | https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/7506826/oceangate-inc-v... (
       | _" OceanGate Inc v. Lochridge, 2:18-cv-01083, (W.D. Wash.)"_)
        
       | TwistMyArmature wrote:
       | The submersible craft industry is especially niche. and that
       | comes will all the facets of niche industry. There is no
       | enforcement body, you can operate with great freedom. Most of the
       | members lay at the intersection of wealth and liberty. Sometimes
       | science.
       | 
       | for reference; Ive been born and raised in this field. This is
       | roughly my viewpoint when interpreting this news
        
       | jeffbee wrote:
       | Why would carbon fiber be a suitable material for this
       | application? I get why people want it to be lightweight and
       | resist environmental corrosion, but it just seems like the wrong
       | choice under hydrostatic pressure. I found some recent academic
       | articles analyzing composite cylinders for submersible
       | applications and in those papers they buckled at a fraction of
       | the pressure equivalent to 4000m of seawater. The fact that they
       | advertise their suite of strain gauges seems to indicate that
       | they under-designed the thing and intended to just see what
       | happened in practice.
        
         | perihelions wrote:
         | Also pointing in that direction (?),
         | 
         | - _" Lochridge's recommendation was that non-destructive
         | testing of the Titan's hull was necessary to ensure a "solid
         | and safe product." The filing states that Lochridge was told
         | that such testing was impossible, and that OceanGate would
         | instead rely on its much touted acoustic monitoring system."_
         | 
         | - _" The company claims this technology, developed in-house,
         | uses acoustic sensors to listen for the tell-tale sounds of
         | carbon fibers in the hull deteriorating to provide "early
         | warning detection for the pilot with enough time to arrest the
         | descent and safely return to surface.""_
         | 
         | https://techcrunch.com/2023/06/20/a-whistleblower-raised-saf...
        
         | mcpackieh wrote:
         | From this comment in the other thread:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36394421
         | 
         | > _OceanGate CEO Stockton Rush says the company had been
         | evaluating the potential of using a carbon fiber composite hull
         | since 2010, primarily because it permits creation of a pressure
         | vessel that is naturally buoyant and, therefore, would enable
         | OceanGate to forgo the use -- and the significant expense -- of
         | syntactic foam on its exterior._
         | 
         | https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/composite-submersib...
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | I'd just want to make the whole thing out of a massive steel
         | pipe with welded end caps.
         | 
         | Make the thing 200 mm thick, and a 2m diameter cylinder should
         | be good down to 8 kilometers (so 4 kilometers with a 2x safety
         | margin).
         | 
         | Steel is expensive when it's 200 millimeters thick... But when
         | you're done with the sub, you can melt it down and get most of
         | the value back again!
         | 
         | A window is probably the hardest part - acrylic would need to
         | be nearly a yard thick! Glass could do it, but casting huge
         | bits of glass is really hard.
         | 
         | The craft is super heavy and impossible to transport by land -
         | but it ends up being nearly neutrally buoyant, so you just tow
         | it in the ocean to wherever it is needed.
        
           | euroderf wrote:
           | This might be overkill, while failing to take advantage of
           | (very) prior art. FWIW, Finland's biggest (AFAIK) tangle with
           | COCOM export controls (against the USSR) was about deep-
           | diving submersibles.
           | 
           | In Finnish: https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir_(sukellusalus)
           | 
           | English summary: https://www.inventingeurope.eu/story/cold-
           | war-hot-water-the-...
        
         | aredox wrote:
         | There were lots of wrong choices and execution in the design of
         | this submarine (no, using a joypad isn't one of them. There are
         | far more worse details).
        
           | bambax wrote:
           | Using a joypad isn't a big problem in itself, but using a
           | _wireless_ one is extremely careless. What if the connection
           | is lost? What if batteries die? Or leak? Etc.
        
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