[HN Gopher] Rock engravings made by Homo Naledi ~300k years ago
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       Rock engravings made by Homo Naledi ~300k years ago
        
       Author : tdaltonc
       Score  : 130 points
       Date   : 2023-06-15 18:09 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.biorxiv.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.biorxiv.org)
        
       | womitt wrote:
       | Could be some kind of map
        
         | lovemenot wrote:
         | If so, it must be a symbolic map like the London Underground.
         | Since geography doesn't have so many straight lines.
        
       | MilStdJunkie wrote:
       | Lee Berger's announcement video on the find - it's long-ish, but
       | it's very very interesting if you're into this stuff.
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/fFbgQhY4Yxw
       | 
       | Something very evocative is the resemblance to Neanderthal cave
       | engravings (@16:45 in the video) - that same theme of cross
       | hatching, with multiple length verticals. As Lee points out,
       | ascribing meaning to these things is going to be pretty much
       | impossible, but it's very evocative. Could it be a family
       | portrait? A warning? The 300k BC version of a Biohazard sigil? A
       | Homo Sapiens band, hunting them into the depths of the earth? Who
       | knows.
        
         | POiNTx wrote:
         | Longer video with better resolution of the images and video:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4WsgMUtJTU
        
         | jrumbut wrote:
         | I found it interesting that they appear to interact with these
         | fossils that look a little like parasites on the rocks.
         | 
         | Obviously this is pure imagination but I wonder if that was why
         | they felt the need to scratch the rock or create lines to block
         | it from spreading.
        
           | georgeg23 wrote:
           | Interesting theory!
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | "Scientists have finally decoded the meaning of the homo naledi
         | engravings... they say the best translation is: 'This place is
         | not a place of honor... no highly esteemed deed is commemorated
         | here... nothing valued is here.'"
         | 
         | (IE https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-
         | term_nuclear_waste_warnin... version of your 300K BC biohazard
         | sigil)
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | iskander wrote:
       | Lots of cross-hatch patterns!
        
       | amanaplanacanal wrote:
       | Are we only calling Homo Sapiens human? Some how I got the idea
       | that all of Homo was human.
        
         | neovialogistics wrote:
         | According to an archeologist I know the preferred terminology
         | for non-sapiens sapiens members of Homo is "Archaic Humans".
        
         | wsgeorge wrote:
         | I had the opposite idea: colloquially, "human" is us, homo
         | sapiens, and hominid would be our ancestors and closest
         | relations.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | escape_goat wrote:
           | There was a shift in how the word 'hominid' was used around
           | the 1990s, largely due to the introduction of genetic
           | classification if I understand correctly. Hominids (humans
           | and close ancestors) used to be considered distinct from
           | Pongoids, which were basically all other great apes including
           | chimpanzees and bonobos. That taxonomy was retired, and all
           | great apes are now considered hominids.
        
         | mcguire wrote:
         | The Homoninid family tree has gotten fairly confusing.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ape#Changes_in_taxonomy_and_te...
         | 
         | You will often see mention of Hominin (Homo and Pan
         | (chimpanzees), I think) as well, where you would have once
         | heard Hominid.
        
           | mkl wrote:
           | Hominin doesn't include chimpanzees, but all members of the
           | human tree after the split from chimpanzees:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae
        
       | akiselev wrote:
       | The news is that _homo naledi_ did these things at the same time
       | as humans despite a much smaller brain size, contradicting the
       | social brain hypothesis somewhat. Their cranial capacity was
       | 465-610 cubic cm compared to about 1,300 for humans [1].
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_naledi
       | 
       | Edit: this was a reply to
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36345824 and dang moved it
       | (??)
        
         | jl6 wrote:
         | They're not terribly sophisticated markings, or obviously
         | social. Even if brain size correlates exactly with capability,
         | doing these at ~40% brain size seems quite plausible.
        
         | Kaijo wrote:
         | You took the trouble to italicize the binomial, but didn't
         | capitalize the generic name, whereas the OP's title failed to
         | not capitalize the species epithet.
        
         | irrational wrote:
         | If humans were around at the same time as homo naledi, how do
         | they know that it was homo naledi? Couldn't a random human just
         | wander in one afternoon and make the marks?
        
           | ethanbond wrote:
           | From just scrubbing through the video it seems like there's
           | none of the usual evidence they were done by humans in the
           | cave, I guess like random other trinkets or items? The cave
           | is super super small, and if I understood correctly it was
           | also a burial ground for Homo naledi.
        
           | akiselev wrote:
           | They can't know that for certain! See Lee Berger's
           | announcement video [1] for a discussion. Paraphrasing the
           | slide:                   There is no evidence of *homo
           | sapiens* use or presence beyond the light zone of the cavern
           | system         Cultural context: there are *homo nadeli*
           | graves in the cave system with the drawings         Access to
           | the cavern system has not changed and would have been much
           | easier for the smaller *homo nadeli* (Lee Berger had to lose
           | 55 pounds to fit into the caves)         The burials and
           | drawings were made over a long period of time, implying an
           | ongoing settlement         The evidence for *homo nadeli*
           | burials meets or exceeds that accepted for ancient *homo
           | sapiens* burials
           | 
           | That last bit is the most interesting one. Since there are
           | almost no fluvial or geological changes in the cavern system
           | over hundreds of thousands of years, the graves of the _homo
           | nadeli_ are much better preserved than ancient _homo sapien_
           | graves. By comparing the layers of dirt in the grave and the
           | rest of the cave system, they can determine to a high degree
           | of certainty that it was in fact a purposeful burial instead
           | of a random  "body in a hole".
           | 
           | [1] https://youtu.be/fFbgQhY4Yxw?t=1058
        
           | EamonnMR wrote:
           | Now I'm picturing two cave dwelling fellows in front of a
           | fire knapping flint and shooting the shit, and one goes "hold
           | on, what about cave paintings... as a service!"
        
           | borissk wrote:
           | Are you being a racist towards homo naledi? They were humans,
           | just like you and me :)
        
       | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
       | What is interesting is how thoroughly Homo sapiens sapiens
       | displaced all other hominids.
       | 
       | It seemed in the past, intelligence was more of a gentle curve.
       | Now, you have Homo sapiens sapiens with planes, rockets, global
       | communications, rockets, satellites, and then every other
       | species. The most sophisticated modern non-human primate doesn't
       | seem to rise to the level of intelligence and sophistication ago
       | even early hominids.
        
       | dheera wrote:
       | I wonder how society would behave if those homonids were still
       | around today.
       | 
       | A lot of society norms are based on our intelligence levels being
       | remarkably approximately equal across all of our species. What if
       | there existed a bunch of beings on Earth that were somewhere in-
       | between a human and a monkey in intelligence, cognitive, and
       | language abilities?
       | 
       | Would they go to school and be a part of the economy and job
       | market, but with some kind of "no hominid left behind" program?
       | Or would they be pets and get free food and rent in return for
       | being cute? Or would they have their own hamlets and kingdoms and
       | fight with our high-tech cities and countries?
        
         | mkl wrote:
         | Harry Turtledove's book of short stories _A Different Flesh_ is
         | based on this idea, though with homo erectus, not homo naledi:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Different_Flesh
        
         | AceJohnny2 wrote:
         | Frankly, they'd either be exterminated, or slaves.
         | 
         | Extermination is likely because humans generally don't like
         | competition. Just look at all the other apex
         | predators/megafauna that have disappeared (or practically so)
         | when humans showed up.
         | 
         | Otherwise, humanity's extensive history of slavery of anything
         | we can de-humanize would apply to any survivors.
        
           | edgyquant wrote:
           | Not sure why you think dehumanization was a prerequisite for
           | slavery.
        
             | og_kalu wrote:
             | Dehumanization is a prerequisite for slavery. It just
             | doesn't have to be grounded in "race"
        
             | fb03 wrote:
             | aka minimum wage employment
        
             | TechBro8615 wrote:
             | I can see the argument that it's definitionally impossible
             | to enslave someone without dehumanizing them, if you
             | believe that certain inalienable freedoms are part of being
             | human, and thus you cannot take them away from someone
             | without dehumanizing them.
             | 
             | But if by "dehumanization" you really mean "racist," then
             | yes indeed, slavery was originally based more on generic
             | power imbalances (prisoners of war, or offspring of
             | existing slaves) than any racial component. The racist
             | aspect of slavery only became prominent with the emergence
             | of colonialism and exposure of Europeans to "the new
             | world." I'm not sure that race was even an attribute that
             | the ancients felt worthy of mentioning - after all, Rome
             | was an empire spanning many disparate races and cultures.
             | Wikipedia [0] seems to agree ("skin tones did not carry any
             | social implications"). I'd be curious to read more about it
             | though.
             | 
             | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_people_in_ancient_R
             | oman_...
        
               | wsgeorge wrote:
               | > I'm not sure that race was even an attribute that the
               | ancients felt worthy of mentioning
               | 
               | > Wikipedia [0] seems to agree ("skin tones did not carry
               | any social implications")
               | 
               | When I read this comment (before your edit), I was a bit
               | surprised, since ethnicity and "blood/familial" relations
               | were absolutely huge in ancient Rome.
               | 
               | I generally use a definition of race that's much broader
               | than skin tone, and I see it as interchangeable with
               | loosely defined ethnicity and cultural background.
        
               | TechBro8615 wrote:
               | Oh they definitely had enslavement from birth. But
               | generally the original reason for enslaving the
               | parents/grandparents was because they were a prisoner of
               | war, or ended up on the wrong end of some power imbalance
               | - it's unlikely they were enslaved for any reason
               | directly related to their physical attributes like skin
               | tone.
               | 
               | (I guess you could argue that an empire that invaded
               | another culture/nation/territory and then enslaved its
               | people was effectively enslaving them based on something
               | akin to "race," but that argument is slightly weakened by
               | the fact that the Roman army didn't only conquer
               | "barbarians" but also went to war against their
               | contemporary civilizational peers, often driven by
               | familial disputes between emperors.)
               | 
               | So while enslaving someone from birth is undoubtedly bad,
               | I'm not sure it's fair to characterize it as enslavement
               | based on racial attributes, if the slave's ancestor was
               | originally enslaved for reasons unrelated to race. Like,
               | I guess you could call it racism if you squint, but only
               | in the sense that skin color (or whatever other physical
               | attributes you might associate with race) is an inherited
               | characteristic, which seems like self-referential
               | reasoning.
        
               | wsgeorge wrote:
               | Ah yeah, thinking about it a little more carefully, I see
               | your point, especially on the topic of slavery.
               | 
               | Although the ancient Romans were absolutely big on
               | ethnic/racial discrimination, the specific institution of
               | slavery was not based on this. And their strong sense of
               | the rule of law allowed for more civic forms of
               | discrimination. For example, Germanic peoples weren't
               | enslaved because they were non-Italian. They were just
               | denied citizenship and its privileges, etc.
        
         | AlecSchueler wrote:
         | Not quite the same but we do actually have populations of
         | people with significantly reduced capacities, such as those
         | with Down's Syndrome. I'm not sure how it is everywhere but in
         | Western Europe there's generally quite a bit of effort put in
         | by families, carers, charities and businesses to give them a
         | sense of life in society.
        
         | neovialogistics wrote:
         | If you're interested in alternate history and have a login for
         | alternatehistory.com, there's an incomplete but moderately good
         | write-up of exactly this.
         | 
         | https://www.alternatehistory.com/forum/threads/age-of-near-e...
        
         | booleandilemma wrote:
         | If I know anything about humans, we'd probably try to have sex
         | with them.
        
           | tmtvl wrote:
           | Or eat them. Or both.
        
       | polishdude20 wrote:
       | Can they just be doodles? Sometimes I just draw crosshatch lines
       | and stuff especially when I was in college.
        
         | ethanbond wrote:
         | Potentially but like... that's very very hard rock, so those
         | would be some very effortful doodles.
         | 
         | Maybe they had more boring classes than we do today though
         | -\\_(tsu)_/-
        
           | stOneskull wrote:
           | maybe they're tripping
        
       | antidaily wrote:
       | Non-Human Hominids... or, as I like to call them, Ohio State
       | fans.
        
         | p0pcult wrote:
         | [dead]
        
       | greatpostman wrote:
       | The big secret:
       | 
       | "Homo sapiens" are hybrid combinations of different species that
       | have long disappeared. "Non human hominids" are frequently groups
       | that mixed with Homo sapiens. Large variances in human
       | populations come from different hybrid compositions
        
         | shrubble wrote:
         | Are you referring to those with Denisovan vs those with
         | Neanderthal vs those with neither?
        
           | greatpostman wrote:
           | There's other unidentified populations. They just can't find
           | bones to isolate the dna
        
         | revicon wrote:
         | The statement "Large variances in human populations come from
         | different hybrid compositions" seems a particularly provocative
         | statement. Is there a source where this comes from?
        
           | hackinthebochs wrote:
           | I'm not sure what part specifically you take issue with, but
           | this provides some relevant citations: https://en.wikipedia.o
           | rg/wiki/Interbreeding_between_archaic_...
        
           | PM_me_your_math wrote:
           | I don't see how. Many of us have Neanderthal DNA. Objective
           | facts are only considered (falsely) provocative if the
           | provoked has an axe to grind, or a pursuit other than
           | objective truth.
        
             | r13a wrote:
             | I definitely see how this statement is provocative when
             | overwhelming scientific consensus underlines a very low
             | variance in human population that is NOT explained by
             | variance in traces of non-homo sapiens DNA.
        
             | tsimionescu wrote:
             | There are no large differences between human populations
             | though: that is the provocative part of the statement.
        
             | hexator wrote:
             | You imply that it's a significant percentage though, which
             | is highly debatable.
        
       | willmeyers wrote:
       | Cool! No expert, but I love this kind of stuff. Some form of
       | early territoriality? Those marks don't look distinguished enough
       | to be symbolic.
        
         | rajeshp1986 wrote:
         | I wonder if it could be Homo Naledi counting something.
        
       | AbrahamParangi wrote:
       | If we look at the origins of major groups of animals, the first
       | dinosaurs or at earliest stages of bird evolution, we see often
       | see multiple related groups evolving convergently due to similar
       | pressures. My favorite example of this is that powered flight may
       | have been acquired _three or more_ times in closely related but
       | distinct groups of theropod dinosaurs.
       | 
       | When we think of the other branches of the Human family tree, we
       | often think of them as sort of diverging from our ancestors and
       | then freezing unchanged. However, it would not at all be
       | surprising if the pressures which so aggressively favored
       | increased intelligence in our ancestors also applied to all our
       | "cousins".
        
       | mjhay wrote:
       | In light of recent news, this is an extremely misleading choice
       | of title, given that the orginal was "241,000 to 335,000 Years
       | Old Rock Engravings Made by Homo naledi in the Rising Star Cave
       | system, South Africa".
       | 
       | It's not news that non- homo sapien sapiens had things like art,
       | music, an mortuary practices.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Ok, we've changed the title to be more precise. Submitted title
         | was "Engravings Made by Non-Human Hominids ~300K Years Ago".
        
         | og_kalu wrote:
         | Non homo sapiens sapiens can still be humans. Neanderthals are
         | considered humans.
        
       | sys32768 wrote:
       | Maybe that's how they got edges on their tools?
        
         | akiselev wrote:
         | There's little evidence of ground stone tools until _very_
         | recently [1], like tens of thousands of years ago. It wasn 't
         | until agriculture that the technology became widespread.
         | 
         | Knapping [2] - which has been around for over 3 million years
         | at this point - is much more predictable and efficient than
         | grinding while requiring less intuitive knowledge of the
         | materials. Paleolithic people just didn't have the resources to
         | experiment with enough materials to figure out hardness, grain
         | size, etc. for proper grinding.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_stone
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithic_reduction
        
         | NegativeLatency wrote:
         | If you look at the video some of the patterns are very regular
         | and geometric, not what I'd expect for a regular sharpening of
         | a tool. It's possible they sharpened tools artfully but then
         | that's just a different way of creating the inscriptions.
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/fFbgQhY4Yxw?t=769
        
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