[HN Gopher] The computer graphics industry got started at the un...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The computer graphics industry got started at the university of
       Utah
        
       Author : sohkamyung
       Score  : 260 points
       Date   : 2023-06-09 21:57 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (spectrum.ieee.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (spectrum.ieee.org)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | trailbits wrote:
       | I loved to go to the Hansen planetarium in Salt Lake City as a
       | kid to learn about the night sky. I remember when they swapped
       | out the star projector with the first digital projector made by
       | Evans & Sutherland in the early '80s. The stars weren't as sharp
       | as the old system, but getting to virtually travel to other stars
       | in our galaxy and see the constellations change shape from those
       | new vantage points was a real trip.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Keverw wrote:
       | The U also has one of the top video game development programs
       | too. I decided to go back to college in my late 20s and doing
       | that program now. It used to be part of the film school, then
       | they moved it to the college of engineering but I heard from a
       | progress or in July they are suppose to expand to being their own
       | school at the U, because there's a lot of overlap with
       | programming, art and business (they use the term "Producer" for
       | project managers). But apparently the program is growing and they
       | want to offer more classes covering the entire spectrum but the
       | people in charge of whatever college they have been apart of have
       | been limiting what they could offer, or so I'm told from a
       | professors Rant.
        
       | rurban wrote:
       | I would say SGI, with the invention of GPU's and OpenGL. It took
       | off from there, not Evans & Sutherland before.
        
       | benatkin wrote:
       | The headline suggests one thing, the article shows another:
       | 
       | > In 1965 the University of Utah hired him to establish its
       | computer science department after receiving an ARPA grant of US
       | $5 million to investigate how the emerging field of computer
       | graphics could play a role in the country's technological
       | competitiveness, according to Computer Graphics and Computer
       | Animation.
       | 
       | While it's impressive that this could happen in Utah, it seems to
       | have depended on a timely grant from a federal agency.
        
         | canucker2016 wrote:
         | excerpt from "Dealers of Lightning: Xerox PARC..."
         | 
         | "Some fields of study owed their existence to his [Bob Taylor]
         | largesse. Among them was computer graphics, which came to life
         | at the University of Utah when Dave Evans, a devout Mormon who
         | had led the Genie team building the time-sharing SDS 940 at UC
         | Berkeley, called Taylor to say his alma mater had invited him
         | to return to Salt Lake to start a computer program. How about
         | an ARPA project, he asked, to get it going?"
         | 
         | "...If Evans was willing to start such a program in the
         | backwater of Utah, where it could develop in pristine isolation
         | from the traditionalist thinking elsewhere, Taylor was all for
         | it. The venture turned out better than anyone could have
         | expected. The program Taylor funded partially as a personal
         | experiment and partially as a favor to an old friend evolved
         | into a world leader in computer graphics research."
        
           | benatkin wrote:
           | Interesting and it makes sense that a backwater would be
           | helpful, giving it a similar vibe to Skunk Works. Not too
           | much though. I think most parts of Utah would be unsuitable,
           | but University of Utah is pretty good. It is right up on the
           | edge of the mountain range, and in the biggest city of Utah.
        
       | foobiekr wrote:
       | During my internship, I worked at Evans and Sutherland, which was
       | just off of the University of Utah tech park and was a major part
       | of the UoU graphics world. I worked on what I think was the last
       | generation of E&S image generators. It was pretty cool,
       | especially the realtime phong shading (this was the 1990s!) and
       | calligraphic lighting (sort of like a vector display that
       | overdrew the normal displays and made things like point lights
       | look incredible!) in the actual flight simulators.
       | 
       | The company was visibly dying at the time and I didn't take their
       | offer to join, I just had other plans, but the engineers were
       | incredibly welcoming. One of the people I worked with went on to
       | be an imagineer. I with I had not lost touch with them, the guy I
       | reported to was a great guy.
       | 
       | It was just an amazing place, but the writing was on the wall.
       | GPUs were just starting and I looked at the rack full of gear
       | that was the image generator and thought: yeah, this is all going
       | away soon. That was, in fact, exactly what happened.
        
         | jasomill wrote:
         | Speaking of E&S vector displays: as a young volunteer at our
         | local children's museum[1] in the early '90s, I spent many
         | pleasant hours screwing around with a first-generation Digistar
         | planetarium system, which was essentially a vector projection
         | display with an enormous dome-shaped screen driven by scripts
         | running on a MicroVAX in the back room that could be interacted
         | with via a variety of controllers -- joysticks, faders, etc. --
         | on the planetarium floor.
         | 
         | Sadly, this interactivity was never used in an official
         | capacity while I was there; all public shows were fully
         | automated affairs. But this didn't stop twelve-year-old me from
         | simulating starship combat in between shows and after hours!
         | 
         | Computer-wise, this was one of the highlights of my childhood.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Children's_Museum_of_India...
        
       | westurner wrote:
       | > _Adobe and Pixar founders created tech that shaped modern
       | animation_
       | 
       | Pixar!
       | 
       | Pixar in a Box curriculum:
       | https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/pixar
       | 
       | AI Game Development Tools (AI-GDT) > 3D Model:
       | https://github.com/Yuan-ManX/ai-game-development-tools#3d-mo... :
       | BlenderGPT, Blender-GPT,
        
         | westurner wrote:
         | Pixar > History: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixar :
         | 
         | > [...] _Coincidentally, one of Steve Jobs 's first jobs was
         | under Bushnell in 1973 as a technician at his other company
         | Atari, which Bushnell sold to Warner Communications in 1976 to
         | focus on PTT.[22] PTT would later go bankrupt in 1984 and be
         | acquired by ShowBiz Pizza Place.[23]_
         | 
         | PTT: Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatres
         | 
         | Pizza Planet! (Toy Story (1995))
         | 
         | Adobe Inc. > History:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Inc.#History
        
       | Rebelgecko wrote:
       | I always wondered how different computer graphics would be if Bui
       | Tuong Phong hadn't died at such a young age. It's crazy how much
       | of an impact.
        
       | dahart wrote:
       | Recently Utah had a small commemorative conference where the
       | photo in the picture was taken. Ivan Sutherland attended, and
       | gave what I thought was the best talk, about nothing to do with
       | graphics. He's actively doing research on Single Quantum Flux
       | circuits at 85 years old! [1] He's trying to spread the word that
       | the US is about to miss out on the next hardware revolution
       | because we're not paying attention to SQF. [2] The talk is
       | awesome and worth watching. Anyway, I feel like this was a sneak
       | peek into one of the biggest reasons why that early graphics team
       | was so successful, Ivan's amazing. Combined with some other magic
       | ingredients, their environment was special, and I think, sadly,
       | unreproducible.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.youtube.com/live/LUFp6sjKbkE?feature=share (For
       | Ivan's talk, scroll to 5:50:00 - that's 5 hours and fifty minutes
       | in.)
       | 
       | [2] https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/19/technology/ivan-
       | sutherlan...
        
       | canucker2016 wrote:
       | One of the sources of researchers for Xerox PARC, mentioned in
       | "Dealers of Lightning: Xerox PARC and the Dawn of the Computer
       | Age"
       | 
       | - Bob Taylor -
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Taylor_(computer_scient... -
       | while at ARPA, Taylor issued a US$5M grant to the University of
       | Utah/Dale Evans to setup the doctoral program
       | 
       | - Alan Kay - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Kay
       | 
       | - John Warnock - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Warnock
       | 
       | - also mentioned in the book from UofUtah, Bob Flegal and Jim
       | Curry, who worked on Superpaint - see
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superpaint
        
       | b33j0r wrote:
       | Alumnus. We had multiple times when one of Nolan's friends came
       | to class and pretty much literally dumped a bunch of Atari
       | hardware on the front table.
       | 
       | We got to play with stuff and hear some great stories. The U of
       | Utah is a great place, if you like snow, physics, computers and
       | steep inclines. And haha it even has a surprising cultural scene
       | (there is beer.)
       | 
       | One of my mentors there invented that magnetic ink on checks.
       | That was a mind-blower too!
        
       | nologic01 wrote:
       | Computer graphics has always been a world apart in computing.
       | Even today we still have the somewhat arcane world of GPU's
       | versus the CPU's for the common folk.
       | 
       | Programming-wise too, computer graphics, especially 3D, has this
       | pronounced mathematical / geometric aspect to it that is not
       | shared with normal applications. That has been inhereted in the
       | game industry but remains a thing apart.
       | 
       | In some sense it is only now, half a century later, with the
       | increased emphasis on data science and ML/AI that this
       | fundamental cleavage is being repaired:
       | 
       | Both at the hardware side, the repurposing and utilization of GPU
       | architectures for non-graphical compute and on the software side,
       | the elevation of more mathematical objects like tensors (= nd-
       | arrays) into first class citizens.
       | 
       | Some of that disjointness might have been unavoidable, but maybe
       | these guys (remarkably 100% male btw) in the family photo had
       | something to do with it.
       | 
       | The counterfactual would have been something like graphics
       | enabled CPU's and more mainstream support in programming
       | languages for the associated mathematical operations.
        
         | bsenftner wrote:
         | I've been writing 3D graphics software since '84, and a few
         | years ago when I started formally learning machine learning I
         | found it had so many parallels with 3D graphics, the transition
         | was quite a bit easier than I expected.
        
       | data-cat wrote:
       | University of Utah also has some really excellent free lectures
       | on YouTube. I highly recommend Cem Yuksel's (a professor at
       | university of Utah) channel if you're interested in learning
       | about computer graphics.
        
       | elliotec wrote:
       | The University of Utah was also the fourth node of ARPANET, the
       | predecessor of the internet - https://www.lib.utah.edu/digital-
       | scholarship/arpanet/
       | 
       | On a personal note, this is also part of why I exist at all.
       | 
       | My father came from England very young, worked his way through
       | agriculture jobs in California, and somehow found himself with a
       | job offer at the u of u as an electron microscopist. Met my mom
       | there. Details are fuzzy and not retrievable from the dead. For
       | some reason this job required him early access to the ,,internet"
       | in the 80s.
       | 
       | In 1994, we were, as I was told at the time, one of the first
       | families to "have internet" in Utah. We had a dial up connection
       | that lasted 15 minutes before needing to reconnect. As anyone my
       | age remembers, that was about as long as it took to load one
       | webpage with one image.
       | 
       | It was a massive influence on me and my neighborhood friends in
       | countless ways and I'm eternally grateful for what came of it.
        
         | jb1991 wrote:
         | 1994 already feels a tad late in my memory, everyone at my high
         | school already had email in 1993, and we knew several families
         | with internet in their house by 1992.
        
         | ngngngng wrote:
         | There's a rivalry between the NBA fan bases of the Utah Jazz
         | and the Houston Rockets. Commonly this manifests as little jabs
         | Rockets fans will make, mocking Utah for not having internet.
         | 
         | Always funny to see this brought up when Utah was one of the
         | first places on the planet to have the "Internet".
        
           | selimthegrim wrote:
           | The Jazz, like Jim Clark, were another transplant from New
           | Orleans.
        
         | CynAq wrote:
         | I can only imagine how cool it must be to be raised by early
         | adopters of internet technology.
         | 
         | I can somewhat relate to this story in a couple coincidental
         | points. First is that my father being a relatively early
         | adopter of the PC in his professional life as a civil engineer
         | in the early 80s, while an internet connection was about twenty
         | years in the future for him, and the second one is that I
         | learned electron microscopy on a Jeol microscope from 1994 when
         | I was doing my master's in material science.
         | 
         | And this is my first comment in HN. I hope everyone is doing
         | wonderfully well.
        
         | riceart wrote:
         | 1994 was way way after dialup Internet access was mainstream
         | (both Yahoo and Amazon were founded that year). Any first
         | access in the state would be sometime in the 80s. By 1993 there
         | were already national level dialup ISPs.
         | 
         | > that was about as long [15 minutes] as it took to load one
         | webpage with one image.
         | 
         | Very hyperbolic. A simple webpage with text would load in
         | seconds on a 28.8k modem. A single image would usually be a 10s
         | of kB in those days, so maybe some seconds, not even a minute.
        
           | bluedino wrote:
           | I would say dial up Internet was far from mainstream in 94,
           | even with was widely available.
           | 
           | I'd argue it wasn't until 96/97 when "everyone" started using
           | it and membership didn't quite peak with services like AOL
           | until 2001.
           | 
           | The internet was still the land of the nerds until the early
           | 2000's
        
             | icedchai wrote:
             | It's difficult to generalize. It definitely depends on your
             | location, and especially population density. Before 1995,
             | it was mostly nerds and early adopters. By 1995, in the
             | north east US, dial up internet had definitely gone
             | mainstream. Local ISPs had ads on the radio. A new one was
             | popping up everyone couple of months. By late 1997, early
             | '98, broadband services (@Home cable modems, DSL) were
             | starting to roll out.
             | 
             | The Netscape IPO, in summer 1995, and also the release of
             | Windows 95, really marks the "mainstream" period. Getting
             | online with Trumpet Winsock and Windows 3.1 was a PITA.
        
             | riceart wrote:
             | > The internet was still the land of the nerds until the
             | early 2000's
             | 
             | The first dot com boom, sort of the genesis of fortunes
             | that make this site exist was prior to the early 2000s.
             | 
             | The early 2000s was the bust period.
        
           | nine_k wrote:
           | You assume 28.8, good phone lines, and a responsive server.
           | Sometimes it was an old 9600 because it was all you could
           | easily get, noisy lines, and the server on the other end
           | being slow because the picture was popular. Then a page could
           | load for a minute, with pictures and all.
           | 
           | Not 15 minutes though.
        
           | doctor_eval wrote:
           | Right, unless the backhaul was massively overcommitted...
           | which was normal at the time because it was really difficult
           | to sufficiently provision backhaul, even a few months in
           | advance. The internet was certainly not fast in 1994.
           | 
           | Anyway, since when does the truth need to get in the way of a
           | good story?
        
           | dgacmu wrote:
           | This is not correct for access open to the general public.
           | The first commercial ISP in Utah, Xmission, was founded in
           | 1993. Yes, many of us had internet access through the
           | University of Utah before that (Pete Ashdown, the founder,
           | had worked at Evans & Sutherland, which had quite good
           | internet connectivity). But most people did not if they
           | weren't associated with a university.
           | 
           | (I helped create the third public ISP in Utah (ArosNet), in
           | 1995).
           | 
           | V34 (28.8k) was only ratified in 1994, and many ISPs were
           | still at 14.4 at that time. Many customers still used much
           | slower modems - 9600 remained quite common.
           | 
           | The commercial Internet really only started taking off in
           | 1993. Not by coincidence, that was the same year NCSA Mosaic
           | was released.
        
             | riceart wrote:
             | > This is not correct for access open to the general
             | public. The first commercial ISP in Utah, Xmission, was
             | founded in 1993. Yes, many of us had internet access
             | through the University of Utah before that (Pete Ashdown,
             | the founder, had worked at Evans & Sutherland, which had
             | quite good internet connectivity).
             | 
             | > The commercial Internet really only started taking off in
             | 1993.
             | 
             | 1993 is before 1994.
             | 
             | I am very much scratching my head by how this contradicts
             | anything I stated in a way that makes it not correct.
             | 
             | If a commercial ISP existed in 1993, then by 1994 plenty of
             | regular people would have been getting internet access -
             | without any special affiliation other than a credit card -
             | ie mainstream. (Per your own comment "many had internet
             | access before that") - those affiliated were among the
             | first to have internet access is a pretty reasonable
             | interpretation and that was well before 1994 in all of the
             | continental US.
        
               | dgacmu wrote:
               | It wasn't "way after" in Utah. Xmission turned on in
               | October 1993. They grew a lot in 1994 but most people in
               | the valley still did not have internet access yet. By
               | 1996 the situation was very different - but 94 was still
               | early in the Utah Internet days. The growth in Internet
               | adoption was so rapid during those 3 years that the
               | difference just between 94 and 95 was quite large.
               | 
               | And yes, many faculty, students, and staff at the U had
               | access. But that was like 50,000 people in a metro area
               | of a few million.
        
               | riceart wrote:
               | Ok not "way" after - really splitting hairs here. Point
               | still stands public commercial dialup internet was
               | available pretty much everywhere. Call them early
               | adopters or whatever - but the internet already had
               | established communities well before 1994.
               | 
               | > 50,000 people in a metro area of a few million.
               | 
               | We'll just have to agree to disagree on the
               | interpretation of what "first families". In the context I
               | read that post it sounded like someone saying they were
               | among literally the first few, not 50k to 100k when
               | anyone with a credit card could order service. First
               | families in my interpretation would be those that
               | probably had access from their parent's university shell
               | account. This follows with the claim 15 minutes to load a
               | single webpage - but unless you were on a shitty rural
               | phone line running 2400bps it's not like everyone's
               | dialup internet access at the time was that limited. Some
               | had to put up with that but the tech in 1994 was not that
               | primitive.
        
               | dgacmu wrote:
               | 50k had access if they wanted it. Most didn't use it. I'm
               | confused why you don't believe me that internet
               | penetration in the salt lake valley was very limited in
               | 1994 - I was there, I ran an internet service provider,
               | and prior to that, I co-ran the largest multi-line BBS in
               | salt lake. I'd been doing dial up for a long time.
               | 
               | You may be assuming that your experience in a different
               | location applies to Utah, but I think that you're really
               | just shifted by a year. The GP almost certainly weren't
               | actually one of the first families in the sense of
               | dozens, but they could well have been first among people
               | they knew in their area. 15 minutes is probably
               | hyperbole.
        
               | riceart wrote:
               | > I'm confused why you don't believe me that internet
               | penetration in the salt lake valley was very limited in
               | 1994
               | 
               | I do believe you. Really have no dispute with any details
               | you're putting down.
               | 
               | I suppose the distinction I'm making is about the cohort
               | of early adopters that had special (usually U access)
               | from those using commercial ISPs or BBSes. That earliest
               | cohort no matter how small it was a good bit earlier than
               | 1994 and eternal September. I'll grant my wording
               | inadvertently exaggerating the penetration of
               | availability in 1994, just saying the first households
               | were probably getting dialup some years prior.
               | 
               | For me an EE prof managed get me a shell account in 1990
               | while in middle school. Even in rust belt US many friends
               | just used AOL into 1994 and uptake of dialup ISPs was
               | still slow, but that 1994 cohort was distinct.
        
               | js2 wrote:
               | My first dialup was to BBS's in the early 80s using a
               | Novation AppleCat[1] and I think I was using The
               | Source[2] around the same time, which eventually got
               | swallowed by CompuServe[3]. To access The Source you
               | dialed in to Telenet[4] first and then connected from
               | there.
               | 
               | 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novation_CAT#The_Apple-
               | CAT_II
               | 
               | 2.
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Source_(online_service)
               | 
               | 3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CompuServe
               | 
               | 4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenet
               | 
               | I think my first Internet access was through Prodigy[5].
               | The Wikipedia says this wouldn't have been till 1994[6],
               | but I remember it being a few years earlier since by 1994
               | I would have been using AOL.
               | 
               | 5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prodigy_(online_service)
               | 
               | 6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prodigy_(online_service)
               | #Conve...
               | 
               | My first significant Internet access was at U.F. in 1995.
               | While at U.F. I was also the sole system administrator
               | for a small ISP in Gainesville. Two PCs running
               | Slackware, a Livingston PortMaster with a dozen Hayes
               | modems attached and a T1 for uplink.
               | 
               | My family also piloted something called Viewtron in the
               | early 80s:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viewtron
               | 
               | AT&T marketing video for Viewtron:
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/sgYkpk9nJnE
        
             | photonerd wrote:
             | Wow, Utah really lagged on getting an ISP, huh?
             | 
             | From a UK perspective: my family got dual up in '94, there
             | were _lots_ of ISP options  & it was basically impossible
             | to buy anything slower than 28.8k new (at retail anyhow,
             | I'm sure you could special order) as no-where stocked them.
             | 28.8 took over _fast_.
             | 
             | I think the UK had lots pf ISPs at the time because without
             | a local number to call it was VERY expensive rather than
             | just _kinda_ expensive. But that's just a guess.
        
               | dgacmu wrote:
               | Population density helps a lot with internet access.
               | Distance to COs is smaller, easier to wire, shorter
               | backhaul, etc. The salt lake city metro area had
               | reasonable density but, particularly 30 years ago, it
               | wasn't like .. most places in the UK or Europe.
        
               | supportlocal4h wrote:
               | Commercial ISP. People had dialup internet access before
               | there were commercial ISPs.
        
               | photonerd wrote:
               | Yes, I'm aware. That's what I was talking about
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | I was still fighting local telcos in Canada in 2003 to get
             | filters removed so I could go above 9600 baud.
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | Dialup services were available. Most had little to no
           | internet connectivity. The few services dedicated to internet
           | access were not mainstream yet. MS was preparing to deploy
           | MSN 1.0 with no internet because that was just a hippie fad.
        
         | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
         | Are you saying that you were made during one of those 15-min
         | waits?
        
         | herewulf wrote:
         | The U of U still has a large block of public IPs that they use
         | for all their "internal" systems. No need for NAT there!
         | 
         | That was at least 100% true as of around 15 years ago. I know
         | the CS and engineering departments are still using that block.
         | Hard to imagine that it still holds true for WiFi APs, etc and
         | the proliferation of devices.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | That's how the internet should have been.
        
         | McKayDavis wrote:
         | East High School is the closest public high school to the
         | University of Utah. Because of this proximity the school was
         | fortunate to get a direct T1 (1.5 Mbps) connection in 1992
         | (93?).
         | 
         | The original domain was east.east-slc.edu before it was
         | standardized to east.k12.ut.us circa 1995.
         | 
         | After school every day for a few hours the East High CS room
         | would be full of students exploring the new online world:
         | surfing gopher, playing MUDs, Usenet, and using NCSA Mozilla on
         | the DEC station. This is when Yahoo! was all hand curated.
         | 
         | Students could even dial in to one of 2 modems and connect to
         | the Internet from home. It was glorious.
        
           | esafak wrote:
           | A high school with a T1 connection was pretty sick! I don't
           | know quite how to translate it into terms younger readers can
           | appreciate.
        
           | AnimalMuppet wrote:
           | Skyline High School had a teletype terminal by 1978. I
           | _think_ it connected to the University of Utah, though I am
           | not absolutely certain. But that was a _long_ way below a T1
           | line...
        
           | Banditoz wrote:
           | Some Utah school districts still use the k12.ut.us domain in
           | places, for school and grade management:
           | https://skystu.jordan.k12.ut.us/
        
         | Olumde wrote:
         | > Details are .. not retrievable from the dead
         | 
         | You inherited your dad's British humour :)
        
       | derethanhausen wrote:
       | Let's go Utes!
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | ozarker wrote:
       | Peter Shirley is a University of Utah guy right? His Ray Tracing
       | in One Weekend series is brilliant
        
         | dahart wrote:
         | Pete came to Utah after a bit of a relative graphics drought in
         | the department, right when I was trying to absorb as much as I
         | could. I literally glommed onto him, learned as much as I could
         | about ray tracing, started working on his path tracer, and I
         | can honestly say working with Pete changed my life. That's a
         | long story, but incidentally he named his path tracer "Eon"
         | after how long it took to produce a decent image. He'd also
         | arrived with a codebase that predated modern C++, we often used
         | prefixes in class and variable names. His prefix was 'gg' which
         | I don't remember what it stands for, but the prefix was so
         | common he broke the 'g' key off of his keyboard.
        
         | herewulf wrote:
         | Yes. I was fortunate to take a class from him in 2005: Discrete
         | Mathematics. A CS class, incidentally. He has a great
         | personality. The thing that I remember the most is his emphasis
         | on treating software development as an engineering discipline.
         | It wasn't even related to the course subject matter, really,
         | but as an introductory CS class, his working it in has strongly
         | influenced my programming philosophy ever since.
         | 
         | The CS department at the University of Utah is part of the
         | College of Engineering (and rightly so) but, sadly, as I've
         | worked with CS grad after CS grad from there, this emphasis is
         | clearly not shared by the rest of the faculty, nor is it
         | prominent in the curriculum. The graduates are consistently
         | good at theory and bad in practice.
        
       | samstave wrote:
       | Heh! One of my first big computer purchases was for an Evans &
       | Sutherland card, as it was one of the only cards available that
       | would run on NT, supported OpenGL and had a whopping 32 MB of
       | vram... and it was full AT length board fitting nicely into a
       | $1,600 price tag! (crappy drivers, IIRC)
        
       | jamestimmins wrote:
       | If you haven't read Creativity, Inc. by Ed Catmull of Pixar, he
       | (and his ghostwriter) do a great job talking about his work on
       | early animation tech at Utah. Highly recommend.
        
         | lordfrito wrote:
         | Another great book that covers the early days of computer
         | graphics work is Droidmaker [1]
         | 
         | For a book that is purportedly about George Lucas and his
         | contributions, it's goes into a great amount of detail about
         | the histories of the computer graphics pioneers were doing
         | before they worked for Lucas.
         | 
         | I didn't realize the group was so small, and so influential.
         | Highly recommended.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.droidmaker.com/
        
         | anderspitman wrote:
         | Biography of the Pixel looks really good as well (by the other
         | founder, Alvy Ray Smith). Been on my list for a while
        
           | sohkamyung wrote:
           | I've read "The Biography of the Pixel" book. It's an amazing
           | and educational book about the history of computer graphics
           | and the definition of a pixel by Smith.
        
             | nla wrote:
             | yes for sure!
        
       | prpl wrote:
       | I attended the High School Computing Institute in the summer of
       | 2002 in the CS department (before attending and majoring in
       | physics). I did more graphics with alpha_1 although there was a
       | simulated cassini rover in lisp program there. It was a bunch of
       | fun. I graduated from there but switched to physics because it
       | was easier than EE, and I didn't think I wanted to do CS.
       | 
       | Christopher Johnson did some of the graphics program, which was
       | most memorable.
        
       | DigiDigiorno wrote:
       | _The duo in 1969 developed the line-drawing system displays LDS-1
       | and LDS-2, the first graphics devices with a processing unit.
       | They then built the E &S Picture System--the next generation of
       | LDS displays._
       | 
       | I'm working with my limited and stereotyped knowledge of Utah,
       | but is "line-drawing system" a easter egg reference to latter day
       | saints?
        
         | boulos wrote:
         | Yes. Somewhat famously, Sutherland named it that to troll
         | Evans, to see if he'd flinch. He didn't and thought it was
         | funny.
        
       | m463 wrote:
       | That's why you see this at the computer history museum:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah_teapot
       | 
       | sort of like the great-great-grandparent of 3dbenchy:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3DBenchy
        
         | westurner wrote:
         | Computer graphics > History:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_graphics#History
         | 
         | History of computer animation:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computer_animation
        
           | cubefox wrote:
           | Reminds me of the Stanford Bunny:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_bunny
           | 
           | Or, more distantly related, the test photo _Lena_ , which
           | recently fell victim to political correctness:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenna
        
             | pfannkuchen wrote:
             | > which recently fell victim to political correctness
             | 
             | It amazes me how much this stuff rhymes with Christian
             | fundamentalism, almost like they're slowly reinventing it.
        
             | johnnyanmac wrote:
             | Yeah, I don't really get what happened there. They found
             | out 20 years later than it was a cropped image from
             | Playboy, and eventually both Playboy and the model were
             | fine with it being used for research purposes. Then another
             | 20 years later people re-discovered this and now it was
             | sexist?
             | 
             | Regardless, I read some other literature and I do agree
             | that it was probably well past time to update a reference
             | image that wasnt a 1970's 512x512 image. But the non-
             | technical reasoning around it is baffling. Well, not
             | baffling for American culture, but disappointing indeed.
        
               | cubefox wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | westurner wrote:
               | (All humans have those. New York already fought for their
               | legal right to public anatomy, too.)
               | 
               | Are there higher resolution test images for ML? Maybe
               | something inanimate that can't be judged and thus can't
               | go to heavem anyway.
               | 
               | sklearn.datasets.load_iris, load_digits, :
               | https://scikit-learn.org/stable/datasets/toy_dataset.html
               | 
               | Sklearn.datasets sample images has an image of a flower
               | but not a USA!: https://scikit-
               | learn.org/stable/datasets/loading_other_datas...
               | 
               | The W3C RDF Primer could describe Shape rdfs:Class'es
               | instead of People and their contact information
               | rdfs:Property(s). An Object-Oriented Programming and
               | Linked Data exercise: Arrange these Classes into a
               | hierarchy, according to their features: Shape, Square,
               | Rectangle, Triangle, Quadrilateral, Triangle.
        
               | dahart wrote:
               | FWIW, this isn't an accurate summary of what happened
               | with the Lena image at all, and the story and reasons
               | behind it's decline are easily available online. If you
               | want to understand it, maybe it's worth looking up?
               | 
               | Lena is publicly on board with the movement to stop using
               | her image for research, and it is irrelevant that Playboy
               | has waived their copyrights. The reasons the image is
               | discouraged are to promote professionalism, diversity,
               | and respect in research. The journal Nature says "the
               | Lena image clashes with the extensive efforts to promote
               | women undertaking higher education in science and
               | engineering". [1] The paper "On alternatives to Lenna
               | says " Whatever its merits, the Lenna image's origin is
               | incompatible with our community's sincere attempts to
               | encourage diversity and respect in Science and
               | Technology". [2] (And references " A centerfold does not
               | belong in the classroom". [3])
               | 
               | It's more or less the same as hanging pin-ups at work-
               | most people understand why that's a bad idea, regardless
               | of whether it was acceptable in the past. Imagine if
               | female teachers put up Chippendale's posters in the
               | classroom, or nurses put them in the hospital, and argued
               | that anyone who complained was just being PC police and
               | unreasonably sensitive. Just because some people might
               | not care doesn't mean everyone is okay with it, and even
               | if you don't care about it, it's still clearly
               | unprofessional.
               | 
               | I'm sure it's completely unintentional and that you and
               | parent comment don't mean to sound unsupportive of our
               | social advances of women. I'm sure like most people here
               | you actively support and encourage women to learn and
               | work in STEM fields, and advocate for equality. So please
               | consider more carefully the message that pushing back on
               | the Lenna image sends and how it might reflect on you
               | from other people's point of view.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-018-0337-2
               | 
               | [2] https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09500340
               | .2016.1...
               | 
               | [3] https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/a-playboy-
               | centerfold...
        
               | cubefox wrote:
               | I reject your accusations. Claiming without evidence that
               | the Lena image is harmful is about as absurd as claiming
               | the face of the statue of David is harmful. That's
               | another often used picture, and of course completely
               | ignored by the breathless "sexism!" yellers.
        
               | dahart wrote:
               | David wasn't made with the intent to be pornographic.
               | Lena's picture was. Being unaware of the evidence doesn't
               | mean there isn't any. There's plenty of evidence of the
               | mild bias inherent in the use of Lena, if you actually
               | want to find the evidence. Lots of women have mentioned
               | their mild discomfort with seeing it in a professional
               | setting. There's a documentary about this story called
               | "Losing Lena".
        
               | cubefox wrote:
               | When someone experiences "mild discomfort" when seeing
               | David (it does display an _idealized_ nude man, which
               | could also be said about the Lena photo, which is far too
               | artistic to be merely called  "pornography") then this is
               | still no reason to banish the David photo. If everything
               | gets banned that someone could potentially be mildly
               | offended by, then we would have to ban a hell of a lot of
               | images in research and academia. Another commenter made a
               | comparison to Christian puritanism. A devout Christian
               | might be offended both by Lena and by David. Or think of
               | a devout Muslim woman being deeply offended by the sight
               | of da Vinci's Vitruvian Man.
        
               | dahart wrote:
               | You're comparing Playboy to da Vinci and Michelangelo...
               | if you refuse to see the difference between soft-core
               | porn made with the _intent_ to be sexual and titillating,
               | and art made without any such sexualized intent, then
               | we're having an unproductive conversation. BTW I'm with
               | you against silly bans, I'm a proponent of free speech.
               | In this case nobody banned anything, the movement is
               | nothing more than a request by a broad group of people
               | who care about cultural bias and understand how hard it
               | is to undo, to stop using a specific pinup image for
               | research because of what it symbolizes (porn and
               | antiquated /misogynistic social attitudes), and people
               | are completely free to ignore that request and keep using
               | Lena if they want. You can keep trying to relitigate this
               | issue if you want, but the ship sailed a while ago, this
               | is just history now, and I was just trying to explain
               | what happened since your comment somewhat, and
               | @johnnyanmac's comment both made it clear you guys were
               | unaware of the full story.
        
               | westurner wrote:
               | A nonsecular humanist could take issue with religious
               | imagery, whether the model was fairly paid, and the
               | articles. All NN (Non-Nude) references are suspect.
               | 
               | "A Utah school district has removed the Bible from some
               | schools' shelves" (2023)
               | https://www.npr.org/2023/06/02/1179906120/utah-bible-
               | book-ch...
               | 
               | Persons from Utah, are even there good examples of
               | healthy very-heteronormative marriages in the
               | aforementioned now unmentionable text?
        
               | pfannkuchen wrote:
               | > Imagine if female teachers put up Chippendale's posters
               | in the classroom
               | 
               | Isn't it more like if female _researchers_ used the
               | cropped head-only photo of a Chippendale's guy in an
               | image processing paper?
               | 
               | Shifting it to an "interfacing with an authority figure
               | for children" role is not really fair IMO, as I think
               | that is why most would find it distasteful.
        
               | dahart wrote:
               | The situation isn't being shifted to interfacing with an
               | authority figure for children. That's what it already
               | was! Maybe not primarily, but don't miss the very point
               | that research is setting an example and it percolates
               | widely outside of college journals into textbooks, onto
               | the internet, into videos, into work, and into homes. The
               | movement is centered on the simple idea that we need to
               | take the fact that we're setting examples for young women
               | and young men alike slightly more seriously.
        
               | pfannkuchen wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure the reason why people are against the
               | image being used is that <insert field here> (image
               | processing in this case) used to be a male dominated
               | field, and the use of an arguably contextually
               | misogynistic image could make female researchers in the
               | field uncomfortable and/or less included, etc. I really
               | don't think setting an example for children has anything
               | to do with it.
        
               | George83728 wrote:
               | > _The situation isn't being shifted_
               | 
               | Really? Then what male researchers were hanging posters
               | of Lena in classrooms?
        
               | dahart wrote:
               | What do you mean? Lena is one of the single most-used
               | images in computer vision, it's been on literally
               | hundreds of posters, in papers, textbooks, conferences,
               | online. The Wikipedia article talks about it being used
               | in college and high school classrooms.
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenna
        
               | cubefox wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure it was to 99% used in research papers.
        
         | civilitty wrote:
         | Further immortalized through the 418 I'm a Teapot HTTP error
         | code: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-
         | US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/418
        
           | monocasa wrote:
           | AFAIK, the 418 status is more a reference to coffee making
           | than to the Utah Teapot.
        
             | eesmith wrote:
             | Yes. It's an error code for the Hyper Text Coffee Pot
             | Control Protocol (RFC 2324)[1] and the author[2] has no
             | Utah nor particular graphics background.
             | 
             | [1] https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2324 , https:/
             | /en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper_Text_Coffee_Pot_Control_...
             | 
             | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Masinter
        
         | karmakaze wrote:
         | I was totally expecting to see the teapot on the page.
         | 
         | The photo does have Martin Newell in it who created the famous
         | model.
        
       | mrandish wrote:
       | Basically the entire foundation of computer graphics is within a
       | couple degrees of separation of the guys in that photo.
        
       | anderspitman wrote:
       | That picture was taken at a nostalgic symposium a few months ago.
       | I'm very fortunate to live nearby and was able to attend. It was
       | awesome. Got to meet a couple of my heroes. They livestreamed it
       | as well:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ui3R1Dlmsk0
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | First shape I 3D printed was the Utah teapot.
       | 
       | Back in the 80s there was a fantastic spool of renders which
       | occasionally featured the teapot anachronistically flying through
       | landscapes and effect showcases as a little private motif.
        
       | s1mon wrote:
       | Evans and Sutherland also developed CDRS (Conceptual Design and
       | Rendering System) which was later bought by PTC and developed
       | into ISDX. This is a 3D CAD tool for high quality surfacing used
       | by industrial designers and surfacing experts to develop
       | exteriors for automotive and consumer products. It was originally
       | written in Lisp.
       | 
       | Unlike many other CAD tools, especially for its time, it
       | described the relation between surfaces as a bunch of rules. So
       | surfaces 'A' and 'B' could influence 'C', and then the user
       | change their mind and decide that 'C' should drive 'A' and 'B'
       | instead. Unlike other parametric tools which would come later,
       | you didn't set this up by reordering a bunch of features, you
       | just changed the connection icons between the surfaces. It was up
       | to CDRS to figure out what order to solve the constraints and
       | build the surfaces.
        
         | McKayDavis wrote:
         | Right out of high school I started as an intern at PTC in
         | Research Park shortly after they acquired CDRS from E&S.
         | 
         | CDRS was originally started by some of the researchers from the
         | University of Utah that created the Alpha_1 NURBS modeler.
         | 
         | After PTCs org wide rebranding, it was called Pro/Concept.
         | 
         | I worked on the other product in the group called Pro/3D Paint.
         | It was the first product to use projective texture mapping to
         | allow industrial designers to draw directly on 3D models
         | instead of in texture space.
         | 
         | So many more memories I wouldn't know where to begin...
        
           | s1mon wrote:
           | I started using ISDX in '96 soon after PTC acquired it and
           | managed to port it and make it work with Pro/E. I've worked
           | on a number of products which are still in production using
           | it, but it's been a while since I was using Pro/E (now Creo).
           | I don't miss Creo, but I do miss ISDX. There was a while when
           | I was using Solidworks and Pro/E (with ISDX) depending on the
           | project/client, but then I transitioned to Solidworks for
           | many years. Now I'm using Onshape (started by the key people
           | from Solidworks) which recently was acquired by PTC. Both
           | Solidworks and Onshape use the Parasolid kernel which was
           | first developed for Unigraphics. It seems like it's a small
           | world in CAD tool development.
        
           | prpl wrote:
           | When was that?
           | 
           | I mentioned in another thread I used alpha_1 in high school
           | at the U (2002). I had actually had Autocad (R16) 3D CAD
           | experience at the time, but alpha_1 was a lot of fun. I ended
           | up making a 3D Model of Escher's Belvedere. One of the guys
           | was going to "print" it down in the lab in the bottom of MEB
           | (they did have some form of 3D printer) but thought it might
           | be hard and unstable. I ended up getting it rendered with ray
           | tracing on one of the brand new UltraSPARCs they had in the
           | lab, and it was printed on a T shirt that everyone got. We
           | also got a copy of VisualStudio 6 from Microsoft (we toured
           | their studio near the airport) which I sold on ebay for $375
           | at the time.
        
             | McKayDavis wrote:
             | I don't know the exact year the CDRS group was acquired by
             | PTC, but it be around the same time I attended the same
             | High School Computing Institute in 1996.
        
       | selimthegrim wrote:
       | Jim Clark was a native of the South (Texas) and went to night
       | school at Tulane in New Orleans before he went to Utah for
       | graduate school.
        
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       (page generated 2023-06-10 23:01 UTC)