[HN Gopher] Deadly heart attacks are more common on a Monday
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Deadly heart attacks are more common on a Monday
        
       Author : giuliomagnifico
       Score  : 184 points
       Date   : 2023-06-06 13:19 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bhf.org.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bhf.org.uk)
        
       | hugozap wrote:
       | I think total disconnection on weekends cause more stress on
       | Mondays and that's why most people hate them, you need a lot more
       | cognitive effort to resume work.
        
         | zer0tonin wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
       | wly_cdgr wrote:
       | Anything except another week with this lot
        
       | robotburrito wrote:
       | I'd be curious to know if these heart attacks happen equally in
       | those that have to work from home vs those who have to commute to
       | an office.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | xdavidliu wrote:
         | or equally in those that are retired
        
       | lukko wrote:
       | Side note: there is also a stress-induced heart problem called
       | tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy (aka 'broken-heart syndrome'), which
       | also seems to be more common on Mondays.
       | 
       | It's caused by sudden stress (e.g. bereavement, illness) which
       | leads to weakening of the heart muscle, causing the heart to
       | bulge out at the apex. It's named 'tako-tsubo' because the heart
       | starts to resemble a round vessel used in Japan to catch
       | octopuses.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takotsubo_cardiomyopathy
        
       | elzbardico wrote:
       | I'd bet that probably alcohol and the consequent dehydration are
       | one of the big drivers here. People severely underestimate how
       | much alcohol can dehydrate someone.
        
       | mstudio wrote:
       | Thank goodness it's Tuesday!
        
       | jimnotgym wrote:
       | This contradicts some data released by 'The Cure'. Tuesday and
       | Wednesday look much more risky.
       | 
       | However 'The Boomtown Rats' seem to agree with the study.
        
         | fnordpiglet wrote:
         | Looks like someone has a case of the Mondays!
         | 
         | (I know I'll get downvoted for using humor on HN, the "this
         | isn't Reddit no smiling" brigade will be here in a moment to
         | express their scorn at any sign of pleasure)
        
           | branon wrote:
           | It's not humor in general that's disliked, it's seeing the
           | same few dozen tired references that it's seen as normal to
           | repeat ad nauseum on more social media type sites like
           | reddit.
           | 
           | That said, Office Space is my favorite movie so don't take it
           | personally, mmkay? Yeahh, that'd be great.
        
             | fnordpiglet wrote:
             | Yeah I actually have never used Reddit so don't know. I'm
             | more a Usenet guy.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | robocat wrote:
           | Low value comments get downvotes - and most "funny" comments
           | are about a zero on the funny scale (regardless that office
           | space is fantastic).
           | 
           | The point of the guidelines is to help reduce low value
           | comments and on that note - mentioning voting is against the
           | guidelines https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
           | for the same reason "Please don't comment about the voting on
           | comments. It never does any good, and it makes boring
           | reading."
        
           | dang wrote:
           | The issue isn't humor, it's that people overestimate how
           | funny their comments are. The best explanation of this was
           | from scott_s years ago:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7609289.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | thenerdhead wrote:
       | In other words, work is literally killing us due to Sunday night
       | syndrome and stress we are unaware of.
        
       | mahathu wrote:
       | Thank god its Tuesday!
        
       | cm2012 wrote:
       | Also, a surprising amounts of heart attacks are during sex. But I
       | think the number one killer is shoveling snow! Basically any
       | physical exertion for people who don't normally do physical
       | exertion.
        
       | vaishnavsm wrote:
       | It would be really interesting to see whether this holds in
       | Middle Eastern countries or other places where the work week
       | starts on a Sunday.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | Why, though? A name is just a name, and that also holds for
         | weekdays.
        
           | ralusek wrote:
           | Could rule out certain things. If they have more heart
           | attacks on Sunday, then it would make it more likely that the
           | association is "first day of the work week," as opposed to
           | something like "first day of trading on international
           | markets" (only Monday).
        
       | macinjosh wrote:
       | Work is stressful
        
       | barbegal wrote:
       | The headline is misleading. The actual study proved that the
       | recorded date of admission to hospital in Ireland with ST-segment
       | elevation myocardial infarction was increased on a Sunday and
       | Monday. Increased admissions on a Monday is not that unusual
       | given that people often seek medical attention after the weekend
       | but maybe more surprising is the increase on a Sunday.
       | https://heart.bmj.com/content/109/Suppl_3/A78
        
         | 3minus1 wrote:
         | Thanks for linking this. I wish the article included actual
         | stats like the scientists expected about 1500 admissions per
         | day, but Sun/Mon had over 1600, while the other days were
         | between 1400 and 1500.
        
         | magicalhippo wrote:
         | Staffing tends to be lower on weekends AFAIK, could it be
         | triggered by extra stress from not getting proper care during
         | the weekend?
         | 
         | Another possible factor could be the fact that doctors tend to
         | make more mistakes during operations on Fridays compared to
         | start of week.
        
           | haldujai wrote:
           | Not for a STEMI specifically, it's one of two ECG patterns
           | even a radiologist like me knows how to read. This is a
           | stronger argument for other diseases. Door to balloon target
           | in STEMI is 90 minutes.
           | 
           | STEMI centers (this is picked up by EMS and these ambulances
           | are redirected to appropriate centers) have 24/7 cath lab
           | coverage and any major one will have an ER bypass even during
           | afterhours to expedite care.
           | 
           | In fact more and more hospitals (and all the major ones)
           | announce a "Code STEMI" overhead either when the ambulance is
           | dispatched or as soon as the ECG showing ST elevations is
           | discovered in triage/ER to activate the team and reduce door-
           | to-balloon time.
        
             | clairity wrote:
             | any recommendations for a crash course in cardiology for
             | the motivated learner? (randomly searching the internet
             | being really inefficient for this type of targeted
             | learning. motivated, as in, diagnosed with a significant
             | coronary artery blockage.)
        
             | selimthegrim wrote:
             | How common is it for a non-cardiologist know how to read
             | ECGs? Is it something required in medical school? I heard a
             | critique of Soviet medical training that nonspecialists
             | didn't know how to read them.
        
               | robbiep wrote:
               | If you can't read a critical ECG you failed medical
               | school
        
               | importantbrian wrote:
               | My wife is a nurse, and they definitely learned how to
               | read ECGs in nursing school, and she later worked in a
               | cardiac ICU where she got additional training. She
               | couldn't read a 12 lead and notice all the things that a
               | cardiologist would, but for STEMIs and a few others she
               | was trained to recognize them and call a code.
        
               | haldujai wrote:
               | Your wife would be more skilled than the vast majority of
               | surgeons and radiologists at this as she looks at rhythm
               | strips them way more than we do, and none of these
               | physicians would hesitate to admit this.
               | 
               | Honestly, when I have an ICU nurse providing procedural
               | sedation for me I essentially just defer to their
               | expertise on the rhythms and if they're worried I
               | activate the mobile response team.
        
               | importantbrian wrote:
               | > Honestly, when I have an ICU nurse providing procedural
               | sedation for me I essentially just defer to their
               | expertise on the rhythms and if they're worried I
               | activate the mobile response team.
               | 
               | That matches with my impression about a lot of things in
               | her job. I'm always a little surprised when she talks
               | about calling the doctor saying I need X, Y and Z and the
               | doctor just being like cool I'll put in the order.
               | Obviously, not all doctors are like that but it seems
               | like the vast majority defer to the nurses in a lot of
               | situations. This is completely different than the
               | conception I had of healthcare before I met her.
        
               | haldujai wrote:
               | I love working with ICU nurses. Generally speaking they
               | are are very competent and very much respect their scope
               | (both physicians and nurses overstepping is a recipe for
               | disaster) so it's an incredibly healthy and collaborative
               | relationship.
               | 
               | > I'm always a little surprised when she talks about
               | calling the doctor saying I need X, Y and Z and the
               | doctor just being like cool I'll put in the order.
               | 
               | This is the best part. A lot of decisions like sleeping
               | aids, antipsychotics, antiemetics don't have evidence to
               | choose from the various options so it's a bit of trial
               | and error. An ICU nurse typically covers 1-2 patients and
               | knows them very well, so if the recommend/ask for
               | something it's usually the right decision and reduces the
               | cognitive burden on the physician. We obviously still do
               | a safety/sanity check but ballpark estimate I'd say I
               | disagree or order something else < 5% of the time.
               | 
               | Similarly I'd say the proportion of bullshit overnight
               | pages (e.g. I fondly remember a 4am call that a patient
               | has leg cramps) I've received from ICU nurses are even
               | less than that.
               | 
               | General ward nurses on the other hand... A very
               | heterogeneous bunch with high turnover (worse in
               | academia, at my last hospital average career length was
               | ~2 years before they leave for greener pastures) so the
               | relationship is very different.
               | 
               | Not that I don't appreciate them or their work, but far
               | less trust in decision making and they need more
               | oversight.
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | The basics definitely taught & required of all junior
               | docs (UK) - but it's nuanced, not just a binary 'read an
               | ECG correct or incorrect' - a specialist might spot
               | something someone else doesn't; two specialists might
               | disagree on whether it shows something or not. (And an
               | interested (inherently non-specialist) junior might
               | notice something a bored & rushed specialist doesn't.)
        
               | haldujai wrote:
               | Agree in general, even if one knew this at one point or
               | know the textbook appearances patients don't read
               | textbooks and there's nuance to everything. Unless you're
               | actively exposed to/interpreting ECGs in clinical
               | practice you lose the skill.
               | 
               | When I was an intern I was 100x better than I am at this
               | point in my career.
               | 
               | The basic atrial fibrillation and STEMI is something any
               | doctor can interpret with confidence (I used myself as an
               | example as I'm probably the least competent because I
               | haven't looked at an ECG in 10 years). I doubt non-
               | cardiac surgeons are much better on average as they don't
               | really look at these themselves that often other than for
               | basic things.
               | 
               | An ER or general internal medicine physician is expected
               | to be competent in more advanced but common stuff like
               | bundle branch blocks, left ventricular hypertrophy, non
               | ST elevated MI.
               | 
               | Weird arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities is really
               | only for cardiologists, and even then typically a
               | subspecialist electrophysiologist.
        
               | antonjs wrote:
               | Seems like the perfect application for some kind of first
               | pass (in the ambulance,even) automated ML diagnostic,
               | given the data is 2D, well characterized, and mostly
               | repeating.
               | 
               | Edit: aha--
               | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-15432-4
        
               | haldujai wrote:
               | We've had computer-reads/AI on ECGs since I was a medical
               | student. Really good at detecting normal, bad at
               | everything else.
               | 
               | US/Can healthcare systems still pay a cardiologist a
               | couple of bucks to "finalize" the interpretation whenever
               | they get around to it. It's a bit ironic, someone could
               | have an MI on Friday, get treated and discharged and
               | we're still paying someone on the Monday to read 40 ECGs
               | (note these would have been acutely interpreted by the
               | cardiologist treating the patient, most places have rules
               | against self-referrals so you can't formally interpret
               | anything you order yourself).
        
         | pixl97 wrote:
         | >more surprising is the increase on a Sunday.
         | 
         | This doesn't seem that surprising to me, or at least I expect
         | we should also see an increase on Saturday. People like to do
         | harder work, like lawn projects on the weekend, and things like
         | drinking that can affect the heart.
        
           | coffeeshopgoth wrote:
           | So the "Sunday Scaries" are real - where you dread going into
           | your toxic job on Monday. Diet and genetics are big
           | contributors to the blockages forming, and the stress sets it
           | off. I had mine (which lead to a double bypass) on a Sunday
           | morning. My job, at the time, was very high stress and I
           | started dreaded going in every Sunday. I could feel panic
           | attacks welling up on Sundays quite often. This is absolutely
           | just opinion, but talking to some other people that were in
           | the hospital with me, it sounded like I definitely wasn't
           | alone in this life experience.
        
             | prepend wrote:
             | Victor Frankl said in Man's Search for Meaning: > Sunday
             | neurosis, that kind of depression which afflicts people who
             | become aware of the lack of content in their lives when the
             | rush of the busy week is over and the void within
             | themselves becomes manifest.
             | 
             | So it wasn't so much about dreading the coming week but
             | being still from the previous week and being sad about what
             | they actually accomplished (or didn't).
        
               | CobaltFire wrote:
               | Damn, I need to reread that book. I'm struggling with
               | that now; I just retired at 40 and am looking for meaning
               | in my life with that exact issue popping up.
        
               | prepend wrote:
               | It was the first time I remembered someone describing the
               | small depression one experiences after accomplishing a
               | goal and it was funny because wasn't something I remember
               | hearing about from others. Mentally, I called if "post-
               | summit malaise."
               | 
               | I suppose it's a nice problem to have but still
               | uncomfortable. Congratulations on your retirement and
               | hope you get to figure it out and find a new mountain to
               | climb.
        
               | coffeeshopgoth wrote:
               | I have read it, and yes, this is true...but I actually
               | had a boss that would just demean you in front of anyone
               | and every so often threw a chair, so my stress was coming
               | from multiple fronts.
        
         | dspillett wrote:
         | _> maybe more surprising is the increase on a Sunday_
         | 
         | I don't think that seems surprising. People working office jobs
         | through the week go out and drink more on a Friday and Saturday
         | night, and those of a more sporty bent will often push their
         | bodies more at the weekend because that is when they can find
         | the time for longer or multiple training sessions, and it is
         | where you find organised events (the highest proportion of runs
         | are on a Sunday, with the second highest being Saturday).
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | There has to be an Internet Law that nothing is surprising -
           | whether it is true or false. Every statement, true or false,
           | has an explanation for why it is true.
        
             | CDRdude wrote:
             | Yes, but that law isn't surprising. The internet brings
             | such a wide variety of life experience and education into
             | the same discussion that there is always someone for whom
             | the statement is obvious given their life experience.
        
           | interlinked wrote:
           | Aren't sports good for heart?
        
             | slashdev wrote:
             | Not if you're on the verge of a heart attack. Also slightly
             | more controversially, I think very vigorous/taxing sport
             | (like marathons) could do more harm than good. Like a u
             | shaped distribution where moderate exercise is the sweet
             | spot.
        
             | dspillett wrote:
             | Depends on what state the heart is in to start with.
        
             | elzbardico wrote:
             | In the long run, if you increase your intensity slowly,
             | giving time for your body to build up increased fitness it
             | tends to be mostly positive. But the short-term stress can
             | be fatal if you are already on the verge of a myocardial
             | event.
        
             | falcor84 wrote:
             | Sports are apparently good for the heart in the medium-long
             | term, but can be very taxing (read: dangerous) for the
             | heart while you're actually doing it.
        
             | hansvm wrote:
             | They're probably a net positive on average given the
             | reductions in weight and blood pressure and whatnot, but
             | there's a lot of variability, both in short-term trauma and
             | long-term accumulated damage.
        
         | outworlder wrote:
         | > but maybe more surprising is the increase on a Sunday.
         | 
         | Anxiety due the the looming work week?
        
         | treeman79 wrote:
         | When you've had a number of issues over the years at some
         | point, you just have to kind of keep working and go to the ER
         | on your off hours.
        
         | haldujai wrote:
         | From the methods section of the abstract: "We excluded post-
         | fibrinolysis patients, patients with old stents, and those who
         | presented more than 24 hours after the onset of pain."[edit: I
         | misread the PDF version which included multiple abstracts, the
         | methods I'm referring to was from a separate study with the
         | title cutoff, this specific abstract didn't specify. But from
         | below and table 1 in:
         | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/20140...
         | which looked at 68,000 STEMIs, 3.1% presented > 12 hours and
         | 8.4% had an unknown time of symptom onset. Wouldn't explain the
         | magnitude of effect seen in this study. Circadian effects on
         | STEMI and increased incidence on Monday are not new
         | observations.]
         | 
         | Don't think late presentation STEMIs are that common to begin
         | with for your argument to have logical sense, this is the worst
         | form of a "heart attack".
         | 
         | From this single center study presentations > 12 hours only
         | comprised 10%.
         | 
         | https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/wk/jcarm/2017/0000001...
        
           | barbegal wrote:
           | Thanks for links to those extra studies. The 3.1% and 10%
           | presented > 12 hours are averaged across all days of the week
           | not just the Sunday to Monday gap which is likely to be
           | greater given the reduction in public services in Ireland on
           | a Sunday. Do you know of previous studies which report Monday
           | as being particularly risky? I can only find references to
           | time of day (circadian cycle) which obviously make sense
           | given how many bodily processes are linked to a circadian
           | cycle but I'm skeptical about a weekly cycle (which I find
           | confusing to be referred to as circadian also)
        
             | haldujai wrote:
             | They include an off-hours subgroup which comprises of
             | weekday after hours as well as weekends and represents
             | 2/3rds of cases. They don't provide a further breakdown but
             | in this after-hours group delayed presentation was even
             | lower (2.9%) and they report statistical significance
             | (although it looks like a multivariate P value at a quick
             | glance). Unknown (10%) is hard to interpret what that
             | actually means.
             | 
             | Just knowing the pathology of STEMI it's hard to buy that
             | an effect of this size (in the Ireland study) is largely
             | due patient's not seeking care on weekends unless you're
             | somewhere extremely rural as this isn't your average heart
             | attack.
             | 
             | If this was about ACS (acute coronary syndrome) in general
             | I'd be more suspicious that patient delays are a relevant
             | confounder, but we have other literature to support the
             | trend (granted with some conflicting studies).
             | 
             | from [1]: > _Many studies have shown an excess of
             | cardiovascular events on Mondays (1,3,10,16,18,19). A
             | relative trough has been seen on Saturdays and Sundays I
             | compared with the expected number of cases. A similar
             | pattern was seen in most subgroups irrespective of age,
             | gender, cardiac medication, and in-fart characteristics
             | (first or recurrent, Q or non-Q, site). The frequency of
             | morning infarction is greater during the working week than
             | on weekends, suggesting a superimposition of work-related
             | stress on endogenous circadian rhythms._
             | 
             | > _Circadian variation is found on all days of the week
             | including weekends ' when the morning peak is less
             | obvious._
             | 
             | I haven't looked at the methodology of the cited studies
             | but they include 6 references for your perusal.
             | 
             | [0]https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/clc.22 [
             | 1]https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clc.4960
             | 261... [2]https://europepmc.org/article/med/12061302
        
           | tgv wrote:
           | What is the effect in this study? The linked article has no
           | info, not even the doi.
        
             | OJFord wrote:
             | I linked it in another comment, but that's now a flag-
             | hidden thread, so:
             | https://heart.bmj.com/content/109/Suppl_3/A78.abstract
        
               | tgv wrote:
               | Thanks for the link. I'm not impressed by the effect at
               | first sight. I certainly wouldn't want to exclude
               | anything based on it. I mean, it's 13% more on Monday,
               | which makes it "significant", but if you subtract the
               | 3.1% you mention, you get close to the Sunday fraction,
               | which isn't significant (p>0.05, which is a lousy
               | statistic anyway). While it looks there's something going
               | on, it's not enough to ignore the effects of data
               | manipulation.
        
               | haldujai wrote:
               | You're assuming that the 3.1% for > 12 hours is different
               | between weekdays and weekends. While the study you're
               | quoting grouped after-hours with weekends there were
               | _less_ delayed presentations in this subgroup compared to
               | the M-F business hours group.
               | 
               | Other weekday numbers will also have delayed
               | presentations included so you can't just "subtract 3.1"
               | from one day and declare statistical insignificance.
               | 
               | What you can do is subtract it from every day as we know
               | that 97% of STEMIs present within 12 hours.
               | 
               | As this is just an abstract we don't know what the
               | authors did in this particular example but it's not the
               | first study to suggest Mondays have the highest ACS
               | rates.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | I wonder how much that diminishes if you control for DST
         | weekend.
         | 
         | We already had evidence that the time shift increases heart
         | attacks.
         | 
         | I'm planning to just ignore DST this year. I'll show up a
         | little early for work half the year, and a little late for the
         | rest.
        
       | PreInternet01 wrote:
       | Alternate theory: most deadly heart attacks are _reported_ on a
       | Monday, because that 's when the admin assistant tasked with
       | doing the paperwork gets around to clearing out the backlog. And
       | since most reports don't include the actual time of death, Monday
       | 08:02 it will be...
        
         | prepend wrote:
         | It would be unusual that they use reporting date vs date of
         | death. The date of death is pretty normally distributed [0]. So
         | while the reporting date probably piles up on Mondays, that's
         | not very useful for studying.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/dvs/table14_99.pdf (in the US
         | at least)
        
         | malfist wrote:
         | Do you have any evidence for any of the claims here?
        
         | pc86 wrote:
         | Do you honestly think people on dying on a Saturday and it's
         | being logged as a Monday morning death because of the admin
         | assistant? That's insane, and has no basis in reality.
        
         | HL33tibCe7 wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | PreInternet01 wrote:
           | Well, I certainly changed my mind now! Sorry, that was
           | sarcasm, I _know_ this isn 't Reddit... Anyway: so I tried to
           | track down the actual paper being presented (since the linked
           | article, of course, does not cite that). No luck. Lots of
           | clickbait re-peats and re-re-peats. But I guess you have the
           | link and will gladly provide it?
        
             | OJFord wrote:
             | Here you go:
             | https://heart.bmj.com/content/109/Suppl_3/A78.abstract
             | 
             | (I searched 'Laffan cardio monday' on Google Scholar,
             | Laffan was quoted as lead author in OP.)
             | 
             | Your argument at least in its current form seems not to
             | hold - there's higher incidence over the weekend too.
        
               | PreInternet01 wrote:
               | Thanks! This still seems to be just an abstract, though,
               | and I was unable to find any details about the actual
               | method of data collection. Been downvoted enough for
               | today, though, so...
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | I think that and the figures might be 'it' since it was
               | presented at the mentioned conference, i.e. either a
               | poster (which wouldn't necessarily ever be published in
               | that form) or an oral presentation (which I guess might
               | just be discussion & slides around the abstract, without
               | anything more than that being written up? Or perhaps to
               | follow - it is dated as 5-7th, i.e. ongoing at time of
               | writing.)
        
       | iancmceachern wrote:
       | Work stress man, it'll kill you
        
       | HL33tibCe7 wrote:
       | Deadly heart attacks are also more common on days when the clocks
       | go forward. It's to do with lack of sleep, apparently.
        
         | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
         | > when the clocks go forward
         | 
         | I had a moment trying to figure out when the clocks moved
         | backwards before I remembered DST is a thing.
        
           | shagie wrote:
           | I once worked in a computer lab for a graveyard shift on the
           | weekend (midnight to 10am).
           | 
           | One early Sunday morning the clock started making noise.
           | Chunk. Chunk. Chunk. Chunk. Moving the minute hand rapidly.
           | It kept going and going and going.
           | 
           | The clock can only go forward. In order to set the time back
           | 1 hour it had to advance the clock 23 hours, one minute at a
           | time.
           | 
           | This also confused payroll when I handed in my time sheet.
           | 12:00 AM -  3:00 AM (3h)          2:00 AM - 10:00 AM (8h)
           | 
           | They also had trouble when I did                  12:00 AM -
           | 10:00 AM (9h)
           | 
           | But they figured that it was going to be easier to just pay
           | me an extra hour ($7.50 then) than it would have been to try
           | to correct it.
        
             | itronitron wrote:
             | A better solution would be to have the clock turn itself
             | off, wait an hour, and then turn itself back on again.
        
               | shagie wrote:
               | This was a centrally controlled clock. When the master
               | clock sent a pulse, all the clocks would advance 1
               | minute.
               | 
               | These were synchronized wired clocks (
               | https://www.natsco.net/industries-served/industries-
               | served-o... /// https://blog.american-time.com/wireless-
               | master-time-clock-vs... ).
               | 
               | > Schools traditionally used wired clock systems for two
               | basic reasons: rock solid reliability and the ability to
               | synchronize school bells to the rest of the system. The
               | wired synchronized system ensured that clocks would all
               | read the same time and bells would ring at the same time
               | every day, no matter what classroom you were in, and that
               | students would arrive to class on time -- something
               | teachers could only dream of before installing a
               | synchronized system.
        
       | ZFleck wrote:
       | I've read a bit into this subject before; Matthew Walker's book
       | 'Why We Sleep'[0] discusses it at length.
       | 
       | A lot of it boils down to blood pressure. High blood pressure is
       | a serious contributing factor to cardiovascular incidents (as
       | well as a slew of other negative health risks), and getting a
       | good night's sleep will help keep blood pressure down. This is
       | also why the amount of heart attacks are up around 24% after
       | daylight savings[1]; an hour less sleep means higher blood
       | pressure means higher risk of heart attack (relative to any other
       | 'normal' day).
       | 
       | I can definitely see how the same logic could apply to Mondays.
       | Less sleep, more stress = higher blood pressure = higher risk of
       | heart attacks.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/34466963-why-we-sleep
       | 
       | [1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18971502/
        
         | aaron695 wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | I feel really good with a sleep rhythm going to bed later each
         | day and getting up later the next day.
         | 
         | I think many people do the same sort of thing, and then monday
         | -- they have to cut their sleep short to get up early and sync
         | with the rest of the world.
         | 
         | I can see how this would be the stressor you allude to.
        
           | asdfman123 wrote:
           | It's so much better going to sleep and waking up the same
           | time every day.
           | 
           | The only problem is it's often incompatible with a social
           | life when you're in your 20s, but thankfully I'm not in my
           | 20s anymore.
        
           | samtho wrote:
           | This is because our circadian rhythms are naturally found to
           | be about 25 hours absent external stimuli or timekeeping
           | devices.
        
         | pushcx wrote:
         | This book has serious issues. https://guzey.com/books/why-we-
         | sleep/ The only mention of daylight savings time in Why We
         | Sleep is:
         | 
         | > In the Northern Hemisphere, the switch to daylight savings
         | time in March results in most people losing an hour of sleep
         | opportunity. Should you tabulate millions of daily hospital
         | records, as researchers have done, you discover that this
         | seemingly trivial sleep reduction comes with a frightening
         | spike in heart attacks the following day. Impressively, it
         | works both ways. In the autumn within the Northern Hemisphere,
         | when the clocks move forward and we gain an hour of sleep
         | opportunity time, rates of heart attacks plummet the day after.
         | 
         | I don't see a specific study cited, but my ebook copy doesn't
         | seem to have all the footnotes.
         | 
         | I pulled up the article you linked on sci-hub: https://sci-
         | hub.se/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18971502/ The only use
         | of the number "24" refers to hours in the day, and its summary
         | doesn't seem to match your claim:
         | 
         | > The incidence of acute myocardial infarction was
         | significantly increased for the first 3 week-days after the
         | transition to daylight saving time in the spring (Fig. 1A). The
         | incidence ratio for the first week after the spring shift,
         | calculated as the incidence for all 7 days divided by the mean
         | of the weekly incidences 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after, was
         | 1.051 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.032 to 1.071). In
         | contrast, after the transition out of daylight saving time in
         | the autumn, only the first weekday was affected significantly
         | (Fig. 1B); the incidence ratio for the whole week was 0.985
         | (95% CI, 0.969 to 1.002
        
           | quenix wrote:
           | Personal anecdote--I fucking _hate_ this book.
           | 
           | For many reasons, I slept just fine until I read it.
        
             | NilsIRL wrote:
             | Would love to hear more
        
               | quenix wrote:
               | Sure. I'll start by prefacing that I'm not necessarily
               | wholly attributing these as faults of Walker's book. I
               | don't doubt I have a higher propensity for certain
               | anxious responses, or perhaps my personality made me more
               | susceptible to the sort of thinking I'll discuss.
               | 
               | Walker's book--and his accompanying Ted talks and
               | podcasts--instilled a deep sense of sleep anxiety in me,
               | which led to episodes of chronic insomnia (still occurs
               | today). I had never experienced these issues before
               | reading the book. Unfortunately, his message ensures that
               | the insomnia is self-exacerbating, causing a vicious
               | cycle.
               | 
               | Essentially, I find it very wrong for Walker to focus on
               | and overhype the negative aspects of sleep loss as much
               | as he does. Guzey's article [0], also linked above, goes
               | through much of this. Why We Sleep turns into a horror
               | book if you aren't able to sleep for whatever reason. It
               | implies that, from just _one_ bad night 's sleep,
               | 1. your immune system will deteriorate significantly
               | 2. the chance that you develop a cancer will increase
               | 3. your mental health will suffer               4. you
               | are more likely to develop anxiety or depression
               | 5. the probability you hurt yourself will increase
               | 6. your mental faculties will be destroyed, you will be
               | unable to reason well              7. you are at higher
               | risk of mortality (!)              8. you are literally
               | closer to death, which the book supports by mentioning
               | fatal familial insomnia (FFI)... a flawed analogy
               | 
               | ... and much more.
               | 
               | I was initially ok after reading the book, but the
               | problems really started after I had a bad nights' sleep.
               | I was absolutely _terrified_ the following night,
               | remembering all the awful things that will happen to my
               | body and mind if I do not recuperate the next night. And
               | we all know how easy it is to lose sleep when you are
               | worried. I stayed up until 6 AM that night. Every passing
               | hour made it harder to sleep.
               | 
               | Naturally, this started a cycle. Grumpy and even more
               | anxious the next day ("two days? wow, am I now DOUBLE the
               | chance of cancer and depression?"), sleep began evading
               | me more and more often. The bed became a place of
               | anxiety. Every minute I spent awake, I remembered
               | Walker's book and the terrible things he told me was
               | happening to my body due to the insomnia. This caused an
               | infernal, unending loop of insomnia. Morning birdsong
               | became hell to my ears.
               | 
               | I still sometimes suffer from it to this day, but Guzey's
               | essay really helped. I think some quotes can do my point
               | more justice:
               | 
               | > Your essay on Why we sleep - I can't thank you enough.
               | I'm a sleep doctor in Oregon and have seen many many
               | patients who have developed severe sleep anxiety and
               | insomnia. Two friends in the sleep field and myself
               | weekly have talked about people that slept well until
               | reading this book.
               | 
               | > I wanted to drop you a line to thank you for all the
               | time and effort involved in debunking Matthew Walker's
               | book. As someone who works with individuals with insomnia
               | on a daily basis, I know from firsthand experience the
               | harm that Walker's book is causing. I have many stories
               | of people who slept well on less than eight hours of
               | sleep, read Walker's book, tried to get more sleep and
               | this led to more time awake, frustration, worry, sleep-
               | related anxiety, and insomnia.
               | 
               | > My patients are coming to me after reading this
               | alarmist book, with insomnia that they did not have
               | before, and worse, harder to treat because although the
               | book has caused these anxieties - they can't shake their
               | newly built alarmist beliefs they learnt from the very
               | same book.
               | 
               | > Scott slept well his entire life until he listened to a
               | podcast that led him to worry about how much sleep he was
               | getting and the health consequences of insufficient
               | sleep. That night, Scott had a terrible night of sleep
               | and this triggered a vicious cycle of ever-increasing
               | worry about sleep and increasingly worse sleep that
               | lasted for ten months.
               | 
               | [0]: https://guzey.com/books/why-we-sleep
        
               | moneywoes wrote:
               | If it helps I have heard that his book is poorly
               | researched
        
               | NilsIRL wrote:
               | Thanks for the write-up
        
               | chearon wrote:
               | I had the same experience. Very often, I couldn't fall
               | asleep until 6-7am. I felt like I was losing my mind. I
               | got professional help from sleep psychologists but it
               | didn't do much. They told me all the same stuff that
               | comes up when you google it, and it terrified me even
               | more that even professionals didn't know why I couldn't
               | sleep. I never had this much of a problem sleeping before
               | I read the book.
               | 
               | After a year of this, a therapist pointed out that you
               | can have bad days on good sleep and good days on bad
               | sleep. That finally made it click that it wasn't logical
               | to worry about bad sleep so much. I just stopped caring
               | and that mostly got me over it, but I still have more bad
               | nights than I ever used to.
               | 
               | If I see people reading the book, I warn them about it
               | even though it feels a bit rude to tell someone not to
               | read something.
        
         | kulahan wrote:
         | The important consideration here is that these people are on
         | the cusp of death already, and this is typically just the straw
         | that broke the camel's back. You don't get a heart attack from
         | one bad night of sleep, of course, unless there are significant
         | underlying conditions.
        
           | gtop3 wrote:
           | High blood pressure is often refereed to as the "silent
           | killer". It's not like these individuals present sick/ill in
           | their daily lives. Basically the only symptoms of high blood
           | pressure are sudden traumatic events like Heart Attack and
           | Stroke. If you meet one of these people hours before their
           | heart attack you often wouldn't describe them as 'on the cusp
           | of death'.
        
             | kulahan wrote:
             | Yep! You're correct. I didn't mean to imply that they look
             | sickly or anything, just that their body is literally on
             | the verge of failing, even if it looks perfectly fine.
        
             | sublinear wrote:
             | > If you meet one of these people hours before their heart
             | attack you often wouldn't describe them as 'on the cusp of
             | death'.
             | 
             | I disagree. It's not that the symptoms aren't there, but
             | that they have become normalized due to obesity, smoking,
             | etc. being commonplace. Shortness of breath, sleep apnea,
             | feeling weak, upper body tension/pain, etc. are usually
             | present for _quite a while_ in most people before it
             | finally happens. People don 't check their blood pressure
             | often enough despite it being so cheap and easy to do.
        
               | 2devnull wrote:
               | You're wrong. A young person with borderline hypertension
               | (130/80) can present in perfect health. Blacks for
               | instance have a genetic predisposition to hypertension,
               | obesity and diet don't have to be involved. Besides
               | genetics, other health conditions like insomnia or other
               | medications can cause hypertension. Some people are just
               | salt sensitive.
        
               | moneywoes wrote:
               | What makers can I check?
        
               | avgcorrection wrote:
               | Here's a spectrum:
               | 
               | - "on the cusp of death already"
               | 
               | - Normalized ill-health
               | 
               | There are some things in between those two.
        
               | outworlder wrote:
               | I see your point, although some of the symptoms are quite
               | subtle. Most people with sleep apnea don't know they have
               | it until they get tested. Same for other symptoms.
               | 
               | What's really normalized is metabolic syndrome. 88% of
               | adult americans have some degree of metabolic
               | dysfunction. High blood pressure, obesity and other
               | ailments are very often a direct result of that. So much
               | so, that the 'normal' range of indicators such as uric
               | acid has been revised and adjusted over the years,
               | because "normal" people had higher levels and still
               | appeared to be fine. Thankfully, we are starting to
               | question that (eg.
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24867507/)
               | 
               | First order of business for anyone watching their blood
               | pressure creeping up over the years (even more so if A1C,
               | triglycerides, liver enzymes and uric acid are rising
               | too): cut sugar in all forms. Not just the sugar you
               | personally add to food, not only what's specified as
               | 'added sugar', but all food containing sugar - which is
               | basically all ultra processed foods. It does include
               | sliced bread which is easily broken down into sugar( and
               | is often laced with additional sugar, check ingredients).
               | Leave your sugar 'allowance' to be used by a reasonable
               | amount of fruits.
               | 
               | That may not reverse the problem (although, in my case,
               | it did) but should help tremendously.
        
               | jahewson wrote:
               | No this is completely wrong. Over the age of 40, a
               | perfectly healthy, functioning and complaint-free
               | individual can have alarmingly high blood pressure. Often
               | it's hereditary. They can even have an obese sibling
               | who's just fine.
        
               | samstave wrote:
               | I have high BP due to my insomnia coupled with sleep
               | apnea.
               | 
               | I have insomnia ~5 nights a week. and for some reason I
               | can no longer take naps in my older age. I used to be
               | able to Nap-on-command when I was younger. It SUCKS
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | While presumably true in the general case, there are many
           | drugs etc that drastically lower peoples risks of dying from
           | a heart attack.
           | 
           | So many people must get quite close to a heart attack only to
           | live a long life and die of something else.
        
           | sramam wrote:
           | On the flip side, isn't it also likely that repeating the
           | same stressful behavior pattern over years (decades?) results
           | in this outcome?
           | 
           | However, parsing signal from noise does seem a very difficult
           | proposition.
        
             | asdfman123 wrote:
             | It's actually not very hard to know at all, at least if
             | your question is "what kind of lifestyle will generally
             | lead to the best longterm health outcomes?" Sure, there's
             | minor distinctions to be made and important medical
             | questions, but generally it's pretty clear.
             | 
             | Everyone knows it, I don't need to list it: eating clean,
             | getting good sleep, plenty of exercise, etc.
             | 
             | And furthermore, though our healthcare system seems only
             | configured to deal with things once they become
             | emergencies, metabolic disorder takes your whole life to
             | take root. The time to start making positive changes is
             | now.
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | This is where an intervention-based study shines. It's just
             | basically impossible to design an intervention for this
             | one.
             | 
             | (But then, this also means that knowing it for sure would
             | be useless.)
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | seizethecheese wrote:
       | A lot of speculation here. Here's a link to the actual study:
       | https://heart.bmj.com/content/heartjnl/109/Suppl_3/A78.full....
       | 
       | They don't break it down by age which might help show if it's
       | work related.
       | 
       | Heart attacks are also clearly elevated on Sundays, and not
       | depressed on Saturdays, which might suggest this is related to
       | alcohol.
        
       | lukko wrote:
       | I definitely felt Mondays on-call were much busier in the
       | hospital. I always thought this could be due to patients spending
       | weekends with family, not wanting to cause a fuss and maybe
       | ignoring symptoms of cardiac chest pain until it evolves into a
       | serious heart attack (STEMI). Also, they may be waiting to see
       | their GP on Monday morning and then get referred to hospital
       | (although less likely with STEMIs).
       | 
       | I also remember the time between Christmas and New Year being
       | very busy - I thought for a similar reason - people
       | understandably just don't want to be in hospital for Christmas.
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | I wonder if there is expectation of not getting help on weekend
         | and thus time and energy would be wasted on traveling to
         | hospital?
        
         | dqv wrote:
         | Maybe for some of them, but I think _a lot_ of people eat worse
         | and drink more on holidays /weekends. A lot of people with
         | dangerously high blood sugar around holidays and a lot of older
         | folks get/report UTIs.
        
         | seizethecheese wrote:
         | An anecdote that supports this: I was just in the emergency
         | department and asked them why it was so quiet on the weekend.
         | They said many people wait until Monday to seek treatment for
         | whatever reason.
        
           | switch007 wrote:
           | Probably varies by hospital and area but things like
           | imagining departments being closed might factor in to that.
           | England here.
           | 
           | More than once a relative has been admitted on a Saturday and
           | is just observed until Monday when the full diagnostics are
           | available (eg MRI).
        
         | CoastalCoder wrote:
         | I wonder if modern smartphones lay the groundwork for people
         | knowing they're on the cusp of a heart attack.
         | 
         | E.g., using sensors that are cheap, and are less invasive than
         | EKG electrodes. Kinda like the way Apple watches can now
         | continuously monitor stuff
        
           | dividedbyzero wrote:
           | Does an Apple Watch actually tell you if you are?
        
             | Aeolun wrote:
             | It monitors for atrial fibrilation using a single leak EKG
             | I think.
             | 
             | It is _very_ clear about the fact it cannot detect a heart
             | attack though.
             | 
             | Then there's these slightly more sophisticated things:
             | https://store.kardia.com/products/kardiamobile6l
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | I don't believe it uses the EKG functionality to detect
               | afib. I think it's just using some sort of machine
               | learning on the data coming from the photoplethysmograph
               | sensor (now that's a word I had to look up to remember
               | the correct spelling for). Basically the sensor that
               | takes your pulse.
               | 
               | The EKG, as far as I know, doesn't really tell you much
               | other than whether it thinks you have a normal sinus
               | rhythm, or something it doesn't recognize. Too fast, too
               | slow, or whatever. It's also on demand, not continuous.
               | You have to touch a finger from your opposite hand to the
               | crown, while the EKG app is running.
               | 
               | Also, that Kardia advertising is borderline scam. It's a
               | 1 lead EKG just like the Apple Watch. Six lead my ass,
               | they make that claim because you can contort your body in
               | enough ways to take readings from each standard EKG
               | location. You can sorta do the same thing with an apple
               | watch, though it's not physically as large so it wouldn't
               | be as easy. What rubs me the wrong way about calling the
               | Kardia a 6-lead EKG is that it cannot do 6-leads
               | _simultaneously_ , and I think that is a critical detail.
               | 
               | I had a Kardia myself before the first Apple Watch with
               | EKG came out.
        
               | WWLink wrote:
               | The "very clear about the fact it cannot detect a heart
               | attack" thing is so obnoxious that it actually kinda
               | breaks that app. If you got a messy/noisy EKG reading and
               | want to do it again, you have to carefully scrooll to the
               | bottom of the page and click done. Or you accidentally
               | tap the large grey box at the top that takes you to a
               | multi-page legal explanation of how it's not meant to
               | detect a heart attack - and that page has a teeny tiny
               | button at the top left to take you back to the last page.
        
           | lukko wrote:
           | Yep, it will be interesting to see - Apple Watch can already
           | monitor for atrial fibrillation:
           | https://support.apple.com/en-gb/HT212214. Though, it looks
           | like the patient must already have a diagnosis from a doctor.
           | So rather than diagnosing, it's sort of an AF tracker - which
           | is useful as AF can come and go.
           | 
           | The problem obviously with heart attacks is the implications
           | of false negatives and positives are huge, and the tracing
           | from a watch would be less reliable than the gold-standard
           | ECG / EKG.
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | I would cynically suspect: existential dread
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | Used to wonder why more hospital patients had critical episodes
       | at night. My brother-in-law who's worked hospitals all his life,
       | said simply "the night shift is on"
        
         | xdavidliu wrote:
         | not entirely sure what this comment is saying. Night shift
         | workers not as effective? Can someone spell it out for me?
        
           | floxy wrote:
           | I'm going to presume the OP was hinting at people working
           | night shifts are more sleep deprived, and thus more accident
           | prone, causing the increase in emergency room visits.
        
       | Yondle wrote:
       | This feels like something i'm going to log into the 'why do i
       | know this' section of memory.
        
       | dokem wrote:
       | A case of the Mondays?
        
       | [deleted]
        
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