[HN Gopher] Passkeys now support external providers
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Passkeys now support external providers
        
       Author : jsmith99
       Score  : 246 points
       Date   : 2023-06-06 07:29 UTC (15 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (developer.apple.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (developer.apple.com)
        
       | garganzol wrote:
       | I'm totally in if passkeys come without middle men, especially
       | like Google and Apple. Otherwise I'm totally out. No trust in
       | these guys, they are as capricious as Roman emperors and will
       | eventually do their usual stuff: lock in and collusion.
        
         | yomlica8 wrote:
         | I've got a big problem with the attestation feature even
         | existing in the spec. I know Apple plans to "zero it out" but
         | if that changed sites could lock out non approved devices. I'd
         | vastly prefer it wasn't part of the spec at all rather than
         | relying upon the whims of a single megacorporation. If they
         | ever drop that cover things will gradually become defacto
         | locked to middlemen anyway.
        
           | garganzol wrote:
           | Exactly. Middle men are not needed. Passkeys can and should
           | be handled by an open specification. In this way, passkeys
           | will be decentralized and can be supported by anyone and
           | everywhere.
           | 
           | Users should decide by themselves where they want to store
           | the authenticator: be it a separate device or a password
           | manager running on their computer. Authenticator is just an
           | algorithm that uses key material from elsewhere (biometrics,
           | master password, whatever user prefers) to perform the
           | authentication.
           | 
           | Tying the whole thing to a couple of corps is cringy and
           | creepy at the same time. There must be an open standard where
           | everyone can participate.
        
           | danShumway wrote:
           | This is a great point. I'm really happy about Apple's plans,
           | but I have a hard time taking it at face value that there's
           | nothing to worry about here if there's resistance to putting
           | that plan into the spec itself.
           | 
           | Because I start to get suspicious any time a company says,
           | "we're not going to do X, but we absolutely refuse to commit
           | in any meaningful way to not doing X."
           | 
           | There's an implication there. I feel the same way about
           | syncing, honestly:
           | 
           | "Everyone is going to support 3rd-pary sync."
           | 
           | "Can we put it in the spec that they have to?"
           | 
           | "Well, that would be overreaching..."
           | 
           | I think there are a lot of people who have genuinely good
           | intentions, but it still makes me pretty nervous. If we could
           | just trust every company to magically work things out and be
           | compatible with everyone, we wouldn't need industry
           | specifications in the first place. I think it's appropriate
           | to try and standardize the baseline mechanisms users should
           | have to control their keys and preserve their privacy.
        
       | dethos wrote:
       | Good news. Lock-in was one of the biggest issues with passkeys. I
       | think we will see a bunch of well known password managers adding
       | passkey support soon.
       | 
       | Is there any standard for this integration/interoperability? What
       | about moving from one provider/app to another?
        
         | ndjdhdidve wrote:
         | you fell for it.
         | 
         | the article says nothing to that end. still full locked in.
         | 
         | the UI will allow implementations... via app stores approved
         | apps using their OS apis. for sure.
        
       | jsmith99 wrote:
       | Originally seen via
       | https://reddit.com/r/Bitwarden/comments/141uxz1/iosipados_17...
       | 
       | This is big news as vendor lock in and inability to use our own
       | sync was one of the biggest issues bought up whenever Passkeys
       | are discussed. Apple are now allowing external sync fabrics such
       | as password managers.
        
         | Ajedi32 wrote:
         | Yeah, this is awesome. The devil's in the details though, do we
         | know anything about exactly _how_ they plan to support external
         | providers? I 'm cautiously optimistic; at least on the surface
         | this sounds like exactly what I was hoping for.
        
           | ezfe wrote:
           | > Password manager apps can save and offer passkeys on iOS,
           | iPadOS, and macOS.
           | 
           | No reason to believe this would work differently than the
           | existing affordances for 3rd party apps to offer passwords,
           | which works well today
        
           | awinter-py wrote:
           | I mean apple has a tried and true playbook for supporting
           | external providers, I'm not worried
           | 
           | charge them random % of revenue, force them to funnel all
           | transactions through apple, let random junior employees
           | disable the 3rd party's bugfixes for reasons(tm), and
           | eventually refuse to license new entrants because there are
           | too many flashlight apps
           | 
           | I'm not worried
        
         | danShumway wrote:
         | I'm very eager to see what Bitwarden does here, they're the
         | first big[0] name that's actually Open Source that's on board.
         | It's hard to take passkeys seriously when the vast majority of
         | implementations are completely proprietary.
         | 
         | Seeing what Bitwarden comes up with and seeing whether or not
         | the process for self-hosted Bitwarden accounts is actually
         | seamless and works on platforms like desktop Linux -- to me,
         | that's going to be a really big test of whether passkeys can
         | credibly be claimed to be actually cross-platform.
         | 
         | [0]: I do think there have been some smaller proof-of-concepts,
         | but... there's a difference of scale here.
        
         | devsda wrote:
         | > Apple are *now* allowing external sync
         | 
         | There is no guarantee that this will be permanent. It can be
         | revoked citing x number of reasons.
         | 
         | Also, lets wait until the implementation details are available.
         | If it requires providers having a native app on the device
         | where Apple has control on who and what to allow, there's only
         | an illusion of choice.
        
           | cassianoleal wrote:
           | Pretty sure "now" in this context means "starting now".
           | 
           | Once people start relying on this, it will take a lot more
           | than just citing reasons to revoke it without causing massive
           | blowback.
        
             | devsda wrote:
             | I don't mean revoking 3rd party support entirely.
             | 
             | We don't know the implementation details yet but if this
             | requires Apple vetting and whitelisting the providers then
             | it can always be revoked for technical, business, political
             | or any other reasons.
        
               | cassianoleal wrote:
               | I would expect this to be modelled after the API for
               | password managers, in which case there's no vetting or
               | whitelisting. Or if there is, it's pretty open as a lot
               | of software uses it, both closed and open source.
        
       | jiggawatts wrote:
       | My method for judging the quality of software: Read the latest
       | release notes, negate every statement, and think to yourself:
       | "They were fine with it being like this until now."
       | 
       | Passkeys have been advertised as a superior replacement to
       | passwords, but really fundamental issues remain unaddressed.
       | 
       | I have one (1) Windows PC and one (1) iDevice. Can I get these to
       | sync? Will both be able to log me in to a Google Account? Or do I
       | need an Android phone for that? Can I use an iDevice to
       | authenticate with an Azure AD app? Can I recover the passkeys on
       | a lost iDevice without having to pay Apple for a new device to
       | restore the backup? Etc...
       | 
       | I guarantee many more release notes that could be summarised as:
       | "Now supports a common scenario!"
        
         | 9dev wrote:
         | Easy. Think of passkeys as per-device credentials. You can have
         | (1) windows PC credential and (1) iDevice credential, and
         | register both with Google and Azure.
        
         | rickdeckard wrote:
         | > I have one (1) Windows PC and one (1) iDevice. Can I get
         | these to sync?
         | 
         | "Why? Where's the profit for us in that case?"
        
         | arnarbi wrote:
         | > Will both be able to log me in to a Google Account? Or do I
         | need an Android phone for that?
         | 
         | Yes and no, respectively.
        
         | echeese wrote:
         | > I have one (1) Windows PC and one (1) iDevice. Can I get
         | these to sync? Or do I need an Android phone for that?
         | 
         | Yes. In Chromium-based browsers, at least. Your browser will
         | display a QR code which you scan with your phone. Your phone
         | will display a list of accounts you can sign in with, you
         | select one, authenticate, and you're logged in. Firefox support
         | isn't here yet.
        
           | danShumway wrote:
           | Passkey proponents have played really fast and loose with the
           | word "sync" in my experience. No reasonable outside observer
           | would call this syncing, it's cross-device sign-in.
           | 
           | It's like saying you can sync your OTP-provider to your
           | desktop computer because when you go to log into a website
           | you manually copy the code into a form. That's not how most
           | people understand the word "sync."
           | 
           | What people are excited about here (assuming the details are
           | good) is _actual_ sync -- the ability to take your iCloud
           | passkeys and literally move them to a new device outside of
           | Apple 's ecosystem as a mass operation rather than site-by-
           | site. And that's really good and I'm excited about it and I
           | hope that it addresses all of my issues. But its frustrating
           | to see people still misrepresenting what's capable with the
           | ecosystem today even under a positive announcement that
           | signals that the actual concerns are getting addressed.
           | 
           | It's so weird, I don't know of any other open standard I've
           | seen where the proponents are so creative about acting like
           | the ecosystem already supports things that aren't supported
           | yet, and it's a huge reason why I remain skeptical of the
           | passkey ecosystem -- because there are good-faith actors
           | telling me to trust them but they're surrounded by people who
           | are straight-up giving incorrect answers to basic questions
           | like "is sync supported." I don't get it. If the limitations
           | are going to be addressed, what is the value in pretending
           | that they don't exist? How does the ecosystem benefit from
           | that? All it does is decrease trust, to the point where I
           | feel like I need to double-check every assurance I get from
           | FIDO advocates to make sure that they're not redefining
           | words.
        
           | jiggawatts wrote:
           | That's not what I mean by "sync". If I don't have the phone
           | with me, I can't authenticate.
           | 
           | Also, I use Firefox exclusively.
           | 
           | This is precisely what I mean: common scenarios are not yet
           | supported.
        
       | abiro wrote:
       | Any details on how passkeys sync using external providers?
        
       | miles wrote:
       | There is only this blurb to go on at the moment:
       | 
       | "Passkeys can now be synced using external providers..."
       | 
       | so it's hard to say exactly what it will mean for user control
       | and choice. Which external providers? Will users be able to
       | access and store their own private keys in compatible apps of
       | their choosing? If so, aren't we largely back to passwords?
        
         | danShumway wrote:
         | > aren't we largely back to passwords?
         | 
         | Key based authentication is a huge security improvement over
         | passwords (especially for reducing phishing risks) even without
         | the device-bound restrictions.
         | 
         | I'm strongly opposed to hardware-bound keys as a mass standard
         | for most users, but key based authentication is great. One big
         | advantage is that during the login process, sites "prove" their
         | identity to you.
         | 
         | This is a security improvement that you could previously only
         | really get with browser extensions and password managers, and
         | even there it wasn't _great_ because those extensions didn 't
         | work consistently across all sites and often failed at
         | autofill, so a website failing to pull up your password manager
         | might not actually be interpreted as a red flag. And there are
         | other advantages too around account security for service
         | providers, etc... none of which require attestation or
         | hardware-bound keys.
        
         | tehbeard wrote:
         | > aren't we largely back to passwords?
         | 
         | A password is a shared secret. Even if it's hashed on the
         | server side, one could brute force it if a weak algorithm is
         | used, or MiTM the service to get the plaintext when the user
         | logs in.
         | 
         | Passkeys / webauthn utilizes public key cryptography. I'm only
         | ever giving them a (by the spec, unique to the combo of me and
         | the site in question) public key to which I hold the private
         | key pair.
         | 
         | Authentication doesn't involve transmission of these, it's
         | challenge based where you prove you have access to the
         | corresponding private key.
        
       | ndjdhdidve wrote:
       | 1. article says nothing about external identity providers. which
       | is what everyone here wants. still fully locked in.
       | 
       | 2. it only hints at the UI being open to other apps, approved in
       | the app store of course, using their new undocumented api
       | 
       | 3. the sharing features will probably happens over their central
       | control. not over the UI implementers.
       | 
       | so many misconceptions in these comments. specially mixing up
       | passkeys with in device keys
        
         | zamadatix wrote:
         | It starts out saying "Passkeys can now be synced using external
         | providers", how does it say nothing about external providers?
         | I'd love to see the detail as well but, lacking that, there is
         | nothing in the article that says these takes are correct and
         | the others misconceptions either.
        
       | oulipo wrote:
       | Interesting, but can someone tell us what this implies wrt.
       | authorities? If someone gets your iPhone and forces you to press
       | your finger on the TouchID, he gets all your passwords no? While
       | with a general master password you could just pretend to have
       | forgotten it?
        
         | WorldMaker wrote:
         | In good news, a somewhat recent CBP case recently ruled in
         | favor of Touch ID coercion needing a warrant and _may_ be the
         | start of a wave of change in court precedents to stop
         | authorities from abusing biometric loopholes. One court win
         | does not set a new precedent, of course, but it is hope that
         | change may come.
        
         | drtgh wrote:
         | Whichever way you look at it, in every sense, password managers
         | are a really bad, bad idea.
         | 
         | Besides that, it is not needed to force you to press your
         | finger; the delinquent needs only to have access to the device
         | for to fool the sensor with a brute force, 2 hours in the worse
         | of the cases with the simplest techniques. Although its easier
         | to take your finger prints from a glass or something you used
         | for to avoid the wait, or directly cut your finger if its a
         | psychopathic criminal.
         | 
         | And in all the cases, once your fingerprint gets public it gets
         | compromised until the end of the times, of course, you can not
         | "change the passw".
         | 
         | This without talking about software infection with a remote
         | attack.
        
           | misnome wrote:
           | > Whichever way you look at it, in every sense, password
           | managers are a really bad, bad idea.
           | 
           | Okay, how about, the actual problem they solved: Reusing a
           | single, simple password on every site, shared behind an email
           | login.
           | 
           | That doesn't sound like a really, really bad idea.
        
             | drtgh wrote:
             | At what point did password managers invent the idea of
             | using a different password for each account? That is
             | computing basics from the beginning. They didn't solve a
             | problem, they just increased the lottery prize if the
             | master password gets compromised.
             | 
             | Every body can continue down-voting, but that fact is not
             | going to change.
        
               | misnome wrote:
               | No, the lottery prize is exactly the same: Access to
               | every site in the list.
               | 
               | The lottery chances have, however, dramatically changed,
               | from no longer relying on the ongoing security practices
               | of every single website you have ever signed into once
               | being eternally a risk to breaching every single other
               | website you have ever signed into.
               | 
               | Perhaps you alone can remember a cryptographically secure
               | password for every website. But I'd more suspect your
               | downvotes come from the impression you give of apparent
               | inexperience combined with what looks like a child-like
               | propensity to bluster.
        
               | mariusor wrote:
               | > if the master password get compromised.
               | 
               | ... and if a copy of the password wallet has been
               | obtained.
        
               | tzs wrote:
               | > At what point did password managers invent the idea of
               | using a different password for each account?
               | 
               | They didn't invent the idea.
               | 
               | They just made it useable for people who have a lot of
               | different accounts.
               | 
               | I've got nearly 500 accounts, and based on a comment
               | thread a while back where someone asked here how many
               | accounts people have in their password managers I'm on
               | the low side.
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | Password managers did not invent this idea, but we can
               | observe people consistently reusing passwords when they
               | don't have a password manager. It is just undeniable at
               | this point that users cannot be expected to consistently
               | create strong and unique passwords for each service.
        
           | Lukas_Skywalker wrote:
           | I would argue that password managers are not a "in every
           | sense a really bad, bad idea" for a lot of reasons.
           | 
           | Let's look at password reuse for example. As soon as you have
           | more than a few dozen logins, the possibilities are mostly
           | either reusing one or few passwords, or writing them down.
           | 
           | Reusing is objectively bad, and for writing them down, the
           | password manager makes it easy to use a really long and
           | random password, which would make it tedious to write down.
        
             | drtgh wrote:
             | Password managers makes the user life easier, at a big
             | price if the master password gets compromised, as all the
             | passwords get compromised at same time, in an unified way
             | that by other methods would require much more
             | specialization and effort for to gather together.
             | 
             | If that passwords are stored in internet even worst, one
             | can take for sure those passw-managing servers are juicy
             | targets, it is a countdown until the server will get
             | compromised.
             | 
             | If the user is only storing the pass of chat forums, I
             | think then is one thing the attacker probably will ignore,
             | if the reverse engineering of one of those sites using
             | user's name is not in the secondary target list.
             | 
             | Anyway, to use a unique password for every server, account,
             | etc is a must do from the beginning of time, even for the
             | temporal forum one had to register for to use a few
             | minutes. It is the first computing directive. It's just the
             | password managers are not accomplishing the objective of
             | such directive.
        
               | recursive wrote:
               | Just because something is a "first computing directive",
               | that doesn't mean people do it. If you're capable of
               | remembering hundreds of high-entropy passwords, more
               | power to you, but that approach doesn't work for most
               | people. Password managers are better than reusing
               | passwords between services, which in the real world, is
               | the alternative.
        
               | notpushkin wrote:
               | How do you remember unique, strong passwords for a couple
               | dozen sites?
        
           | planb wrote:
           | I don't mean this personal, but I find it very very hard to
           | deal with people like you in professional contexts. You focus
           | on a 0.01% problem and make an absolute statement ("in every
           | sense, password managers are a really bad, bad idea"), while
           | completely ignoring that for everybody else, password
           | managers (and even more so passkeys) will prevent real
           | problems like their bank account being emptied.
        
       | Topfi wrote:
       | That's a great development. Reducing vendor lock-in removes one
       | of the bigger reservations some mentioned in regards to WebAuthn.
        
         | garganzol wrote:
         | The development hardly changes anything. Apple (and Google) is
         | still a middle man and thus poses a point of failure.
        
       | francislavoie wrote:
       | That's great to see! I just tried out 1Password's beta browser
       | extension which has passkeys support, and the UX is super
       | seamless. Played around with it on https://www.passkeys.io/
       | 
       | I'm really hopeful about this, a lot more than any of the
       | previous iterations of the FIDO stuff. I worked at a company that
       | was an early adopter/implementer of the original FIDO U2F spec,
       | and it had major UX problems, enough that I couldn't see it ever
       | being used by the general public (who the heck would carry a USB
       | key with them?? and this only works with desktops/laptops, sure
       | Bluetooth support, but ehhh), but with this, synced to your
       | password manager of choice, that's A LOT better.
       | 
       | The passkey is usable anywhere (signed up on my desktop, hopped
       | over to my laptop and signed in there with the same passkey). I
       | can't use it from my Android phone yet, but that will come soon
       | I'm sure when 1Password adds support to the mobile apps + Google
       | does the same as Apple here with adding proper Android
       | integration.
       | 
       | On Android I can still only use a USB/NFC/Bluetooth security key,
       | or "my lock screen" (i.e. on-device security key, not passkeys)
       | so far. If I click on "Sign in with a passkey" it says I have no
       | passkeys via an Android system dialog, but if I sign in with my
       | email it lets me use my "security key" (i.e. biometric lock
       | screen prompt).
        
         | jabbany wrote:
         | > who the heck would carry a USB key with them??
         | 
         | Why not? I do this. It's no different from any other physical
         | key like a door key, and I keep it on the same keychain too...
         | 
         | > The passkey is usable anywhere (signed up on my desktop,
         | hopped over to my laptop and signed in there with the same
         | passkey).
         | 
         | I don't see how this conflicts with physical tokens like
         | Yubikeys? The tokens help you "remember" the key like how a
         | physical door key helps you "remember" the bitting (which is
         | the real authentication info).*
         | 
         | Just like passkeys, U2F can also be done using a virtual U2F
         | device if you so choose (https://github.com/bulwarkid/virtual-
         | fido). And presumably you could create an off-device portable
         | token to store passkeys...
         | 
         | The real problem at the end of the day is just consistent
         | adoption. There's still a ton of 2FA services that don't accept
         | U2F and only use SMS or email codes...
         | 
         | *: This is a simplified take on things but at a high level
         | that's what's happening.
        
           | francislavoie wrote:
           | > Why not? I do this.
           | 
           | Again, you are not the general public. You're a highly
           | technical person. My dad/grandma would never. That's the
           | point.
        
             | jabbany wrote:
             | Are you saying they don't use any physical keys? That would
             | be surprising to me...
             | 
             | I've found it really easy to teach non-technical people how
             | to use U2F tokens. Just tell them it's like a door key but
             | instead of plugging it in and turning, you plug it in and
             | touch. That's all there is. It's been much more intuitive*
             | to my older family members than SMS codes (that sometimes
             | get lost), authenticator apps (that have a huge list of
             | services from which you need to quickly find the one you
             | want and type the code), or password managers (that either
             | cost money or are difficult to set up across devices).
             | 
             | *: I know this because I've never had to do "tech support"
             | for family members that have accounts set up to use U2F
             | tokens, but I have had plenty of calls related to "not
             | getting the SMS code" or "the (insert brand) password
             | manager isn't filling in the password for my account!"
        
               | theshrike79 wrote:
               | The difference is that I can know with significant
               | certainty that shoving my house key in a random lock
               | won't copy the form of my key and send it to a 3D printer
               | where a thief will get it and use it to access my house.
               | 
               | How can I know that won't happen when I use my USB dongle
               | on a random coffee shop public computer?
        
               | SahAssar wrote:
               | You are literally wrong on both cases: A normal key can
               | be quite easily copied and a yubikey or similar security
               | key cannot be copied.
        
               | jabbany wrote:
               | This is exactly what U2F protects you from!
               | 
               | You can actually safely plug U2F tokens into random
               | computers and rest assured that the keys inside cannot be
               | cloned. This provides security guarantees above and
               | beyond that of physical keys! In fact, an untrusted
               | computer can't* even MITM the authentication process of
               | U2F, unlike with SMS codes! (Of course, an untrusted
               | computer could fake the UI to try and exfiltrate other
               | info from you, but that's beyond the scope of
               | authentication itself.)
               | 
               | The worst a malicious client can do to a U2F token is to
               | fry it :-)
               | 
               | *: There's some asterisks here, but if you want to know
               | the details check out the U2F spec or this
               | https://www.yubico.com/blog/creating-unphishable-
               | security-ke... for a more accessible explanation.
               | Banking-grade U2F/similar tokens actually behave like
               | hardware crypto wallets and will show the auth request
               | metadata on an internal screen, in case the device you
               | are plugging into is completely untrustworthy.
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | Okay.
               | 
               | How is that different from a password? How can you know
               | that when you type your password into a random coffee
               | shop public computer that the computer isn't running a
               | keylogger and sending your credentials to criminals?
        
               | notpushkin wrote:
               | > I can know with significant certainty that shoving my
               | house key in a random lock won't copy the form of my key
               | and send it to a 3D printer
               | 
               | Are you sure? https://www.minutekey.com/products/key-
               | copy-kiosk/
        
         | vladvasiliu wrote:
         | > who the heck would carry a USB key with them??
         | 
         | > but with this, synced to your password manager of choice,
         | that's A LOT better
         | 
         | While I agree with your general point that passkeys are great,
         | I strongly disagree with these specific points. It's much
         | easier for me to carry a small usb-key everywhere than it is to
         | carry a big-ass phone (I often leave it at home) or my own
         | computer.
         | 
         | With a yubikey on my keychain, I can log into my company's
         | AzureAD from any computer. In a pinch, this also works on a
         | phone if it has an NFC reader. It used to work fine on my
         | iphone 7.
         | 
         | Another use case is specifically not wanting anything company-
         | related on my own computing device. My personal phone isn't
         | enrolled in the company's AzureAD, I don't have their 1passwork
         | vault there, etc.
        
           | francislavoie wrote:
           | I'm talking about the "personal use" usecase and not the
           | professional/business usecase. I agree with the value of
           | security keys as being a physical token with low/no risk of
           | leaking. But for personal use there's no way I can make that
           | work for me day-to-day, even less of a chance I could get my
           | parents bought-in on that idea. And I've tried, as someone
           | who actually developed software to interface with this tech
           | directly. I always have my phone with me, but if not, I can
           | always login to my cloud-synced password manager in a pinch.
           | (Worth mentioning, I don't have the same paranoia as some
           | regarding cloud-synced vaults when done right, big reason I
           | left that aforementioned company).
        
         | Hamuko wrote:
         | I did a WebAuthn implementation at work and the UX for WebAuthn
         | was fucking awful. Especially on macOS, every browser had a
         | completely separate implementation of WebAuthn, and if you used
         | the Touch ID as a WebAuthn device, you basically could not see
         | it anywhere and deleting it was also a pain in the ass. On
         | Chrome, you basically had to just delete all of your passwords
         | for the last N days to get rid of them.
         | 
         | On Windows, I think all browsers handled it centrally with
         | Windows Hello, but even there the WebAuthn devices just kinda
         | disappear into the ether once you register them, and deleting
         | them had to be done through the command-line. There were also
         | weird ass bugs where the UI would behave completely differently
         | depending on whether or not you had Windows Hello login in use,
         | so websites would need to engineer around it.
         | 
         | Haven't played around with passkeys key, but I imagine the only
         | direction to go is up.
        
           | francislavoie wrote:
           | Yeah. With 1Password it's _just another item_ like a
           | password, but named  "passkey". And in the browser when you
           | set it up or use it, you get a little overlay on the website
           | in the top-right and you click on it. That's it. Super
           | simple, no faff, full visibility.
        
       | ckastner wrote:
       | Of all the recent publications with regards to passkeys, FIDO2,
       | WebAuthn, etc., finally there's one with a simple and concise
       | summary of the benefits:
       | 
       | > Strong credentials. Every passkey is strong. They're never
       | guessable, reused, or weak.
       | 
       | > Safe from server leaks. Because servers only keep public keys,
       | servers are less valuable targets for hackers.
       | 
       | > Safe from phishing. Passkeys are intrinsically linked with the
       | app or website they were created for, so people can never be
       | tricked into using their passkey to sign in to a fraudulent app
       | or website.
        
         | labcomputer wrote:
         | > Safe from server leaks. Because servers only keep public
         | keys, servers are less valuable targets for hackers
         | 
         | That's not quite true, though. What is true is that the server
         | does not have a _plaintext_ copy of your private keys. That's a
         | crucial difference.
         | 
         | The server has an encrypted copy of your private key, which
         | your with token decrypts with its private key. That is how a
         | usb key can store an _unlimited_ number of U2F credentials: The
         | USB key isn't storing them at all. They are stored on the
         | server you are authenticating to.
         | 
         | What this also means is that if there is a backdoor in the
         | crypto algorithm used by your token and an attacker gets a copy
         | of the server's U2F credentials, then you are at risk of having
         | your private key stolen.
        
           | JulianK wrote:
           | The idea behind private keys is that they are private and
           | never sent anywhere so I believe your assertion that the
           | server knows anything about your private key is incorrect.
           | 
           | Here's a link to Yubico with a visual diagram of how passkeys
           | work: https://developers.yubico.com/Passkeys/How_passkeys_wor
           | k.htm...
           | 
           | But fundamentally it's very similar to how all public/private
           | stuff works. You send people the public key and sign stuff
           | with the private key.
        
           | notatoad wrote:
           | i'm pretty sure you're wrong. or at least, you're directly
           | contradicted by the apple docs, which say "The other key is
           | private, and is what is needed to actually sign in. The
           | server never learns what the private key is."
           | https://support.apple.com/en-ca/HT213305
           | 
           | the basic claim about being able to store "infinite" passkeys
           | on a USB is also directly contradicted by the yubikey docs,
           | which say they can store 25:
           | https://www.yubico.com/blog/a-yubico-faq-about-passkeys/
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | DANmode wrote:
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIDO2_Project
        
           | 9dev wrote:
           | This is just plain wrong. The server only ever stores your
           | public key, private keys are stored on the clients.
           | Everything else would defeat the entire purpose.
        
             | chimpoftheages wrote:
             | No, it is technically correct for nondiscoverable mode.
             | Naturally, there should be low value in breaking the
             | opacity of the stored key as it should be a private key
             | only used with the server that holds it. (But it would
             | still mean many sites requesting that you replace any token
             | found to have such a defect.)
        
         | lost_tourist wrote:
         | Are they safe from Apple shutting down your account? Seems like
         | an all your eggs in one basket problem, with passwords I can
         | back up and always retrieve them locally.
        
           | TheNewsIsHere wrote:
           | Passkeys were designed from the start to enable portability
           | if desired. The rollout has been a mess though, so it's been
           | very effective in causing a lot more confusion than needed.
           | 
           | From the page:
           | 
           | > What's new
           | 
           | > Now people can share passwords and passkeys from iCloud
           | Keychain with their trusted contacts. *Password manager apps
           | can save and offer passkeys on iOS, iPadOS, and macOS*.
           | Enterprises can take advantage of passkeys thanks to Managed
           | Apple ID support for iCloud Keychain. And administrators can
           | manage which devices passkeys sync to using Access Management
           | controls in Apple Business Manager and Apple School Manager.
           | 
           | Emphasis is my own.
           | 
           | Dashlane and 1Password both support passkeys, and you can
           | export your data from both services. I am certain more will
           | follow as more third party support arrives for managing
           | passkeys.
        
             | kps wrote:
             | That emphasized sentence is key. Pessimistically, it could
             | mean that password managers can 'save' only to the Apple OS
             | passkey store, acting as an intermediary transport, without
             | being able to provide cross-platform vendor-agnostic
             | sharing.
        
               | TheNewsIsHere wrote:
               | 1Password previously announced that mobile support for
               | passkeys stored in 1Password was on its way later. I
               | assume they had advanced knowledge of this announcement.
               | 
               | I totally understand a pessimistic reading. In trying to
               | roll out passkeys to everyone at once, and doing a poor
               | job of UX and documentation clarity, all the major
               | players bungled the 2022 launch. Not having some
               | portability out of the gate absolutely caused unnecessary
               | distrust about passkeys.
               | 
               | But I strongly believe this won't become a vendor lock-in
               | playground.
               | 
               | I have replied a lot about passkeys. I should disclose a
               | former employer works in this space, but I'm not
               | advocating for any particular company or product here,
               | and I no longer have any inside knowledge relevant to the
               | topic that isn't already public.
               | 
               | Edit: grammatical typo; disclosure clarification
        
               | kps wrote:
               | That's good to hear. If cross-platform sync is possible,
               | passkeys are definitely a better option for the 95% of
               | crud that currently lives in browsers' password managers.
        
               | TheNewsIsHere wrote:
               | You mean this is annoying?
               | 
               | google.com (never save)
               | 
               | google.com (Jane.Doe)
               | 
               | google.com (Jane.Doe) (Grandma use this one)
               | 
               | google.com (never save)
               | 
               | google.com (Jane.Doe) (password missing)
               | 
               | google.com (Jane.Doe) *Your password may have been
               | exposed in an online breach.
               | 
               | I fully agree with you. Passkeys solve a lot of usability
               | problems, especially for the less technically adept,
               | while solving so many password problems.
               | 
               | Edit: formatting nightmares
        
         | ljlolel wrote:
         | The last one is a problem for a lot of use cases. Lots of sites
         | have different domains (also for example when HBO max renamed
         | to max).
         | 
         | Plaid also relies on entering bank passwords on neobank sites
         | and is widely used.
        
           | madeofpalk wrote:
           | > Plaid also relies on entering bank passwords on neobank
           | sites and is widely used.
           | 
           | This is an anti-pattern, and is not worth supporting in new
           | tech that's supposed to be "secure first".
           | 
           | We already have tech for delegating authorization.
        
             | scott00 wrote:
             | Plaid isn't a solution to a technical problem. It's a way
             | to deal with the fact that banks don't want their customers
             | to bypass their websites/apps and the cross-selling ads
             | within.
        
               | TheNewsIsHere wrote:
               | In their defense, Plaid also very quickly demonstrated
               | why you might not want an online bank access free for
               | all. At least in privacy-centric terms.
        
           | tialaramex wrote:
           | Sure, the Big Boss will be extremely annoyed. Thanks to their
           | innovative branding strategy they've grown New Brand from $0
           | to $150M revenue in just the first year of operation, a huge
           | success. Did it cannibalise customers from Old Brand, which
           | was $180M revenue and now is just $1M of residual revenue on
           | its way to closing down? Sure, but don't do arithmetic, focus
           | on the tremendous leadership.
           | 
           | If authentication systems, like customers, think New Brand is
           | just pointlessly confusing because it's different from Old
           | Brand for no good reason, that undermines Big Boss's amazing
           | strategy and makes it look like something a toddler would
           | try, and that's not OK.
           | 
           | However the nice thing when you have players like Google is
           | that their technical people have got license from above to
           | say "Fuck off" on technical issues without somebody who
           | doesn't know the first thing about it overruling them because
           | their golf buddy asked them to. So you're not going to see a
           | way to override this behaviour and thus allow phishing even
           | though I'm sure HBO execs would think that's fine.
           | 
           | In terms of practical effect, what that means is that when
           | they use WebAuthn outfits like HBO end up needing to keep
           | login.old-brand.example working, even though supposedly old-
           | brand.example was a completely different product and is now
           | dead, because that's how users actually log into new-
           | brand.example as they are in reality the exact same product.
        
           | gjulianm wrote:
           | AFAIK, passkeys aren't really linked to a domain. It's old-
           | school public-key verification, the server stores your public
           | key and uses it to verify the signature of a challenge they
           | send to your device on login. As long as the different
           | domains/apps can share the public key you should be able to
           | login.
           | 
           | And for things like Plaid, I think banks are moving towards
           | OAuth-style permissions, where you login to your bank and
           | authorize the connection. Under the hood, Plaid or other app
           | can connect to the bank with limited permissions using API
           | authorization keys. It's a different problem, I think.
        
             | tialaramex wrote:
             | > AFAIK, passkeys aren't really linked to a domain. It's
             | old-school public-key verification, the server stores your
             | public key and uses it to verify the signature of a
             | challenge they send to your device on login. As long as the
             | different domains/apps can share the public key you should
             | be able to login.
             | 
             | In principle the fancier systems with a user interface
             | _could_ add a feature where you can change the DNS names
             | associated with a key it 's storing. That sounds like a
             | monumental pain in the backside, and of course the primary
             | consequence would be it increases phishing because now your
             | users can be tricked into allowing it - but sure, they
             | could do that.
             | 
             | For simpler devices like a Yubico Security Key, there is no
             | such interface, they aren't storing any keys so there's no
             | way to make such an association. The keys are bound to the
             | DNS name and are actually stored (encrypted) by the sites
             | you're actually authenticating to. So without a matching
             | DNS name they're intentionally just useless nonsense.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | vladvasiliu wrote:
               | I may be wrong here, but since the yubikey and similar
               | don't actually store anything site-specific, it means
               | they just respond to a challenge, right? What they prove
               | is that they own a specific private key.
               | 
               | So if the website bundles its domain in the challenge, it
               | can make sure that the client signed the challenge for
               | itself, and the client can verify that it signs the
               | challenge for the current domain.
               | 
               | So now, if the service's domain were to change, it would
               | presumably be aware of it and incorporate it in the new
               | challenge, which the client would sign, since it's
               | browsing the correct domain, with the same private key
               | used before.
               | 
               | Is this not how it works?
        
               | heavyset_go wrote:
               | FIDO2 allows for things like resident keys, which the
               | Yubikey can only hold so many of.
               | 
               | The Yubikey can act in HMAC challenge mode, though, but
               | that's not the mode used on the web.
        
               | TheNewsIsHere wrote:
               | Most web based services don't seem to be using the
               | discoverable credentials either. So far only my Apple ID
               | and Azure AD accounts are utilizing those.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | tialaramex wrote:
               | Nope, but I can see why you'd expect that because the
               | actual design is very clever and so it's not obvious how
               | this could work.
               | 
               | What's inside the cheapest authenticators isn't a private
               | key, after all they present a unique random public key
               | for every single enrolment, so that couldn't work if they
               | held a single private key. Instead it's a _symmetric_ key
               | (e.g. AES-256). Lets see how that 's done:
               | 
               | When you enrol at a site, the authenticator mints a
               | _completely random_ new public /private key pair (with
               | Elliptic curve crypto it's really easy to pick random key
               | pairs because with a few bit ops any random bits become a
               | random key) and after signing the enrolment step, the
               | authenticator encrypts its new private key using that
               | secret symmetric key and the DNS name in an authenticated
               | encryption mode and provides that encrypted value too.
               | 
               | The browser, with the authenticator's help, puts together
               | the final enrolment document, with a signature and it
               | includes that encrypted private key as a Unique
               | Identifier. All the Unique Identifiers in the protocol
               | are huge random looking numbers, so the encrypted key
               | blends right in with that.
               | 
               | For a web site, you need to store the public key
               | (obviously) and this unique unique identifier value. You
               | have to do that for everybody, anyway, it's mandatory.
               | You can't decrypt the identifier even if you were sure
               | it's encrypted, you don't know the key, so all you can do
               | is play it back when you want a user to authenticate.
               | 
               | When it's played back, the authenticator takes the web
               | site's DNS name, plus its own secret key, and decrypts
               | the identifier to get back its private key, which it can
               | now use to sign authentication messages. Of course if the
               | DNS name is wrong, the decryption fails, which is exactly
               | the same thing as happens if you try to use the wrong
               | authenticator, or you're being phished, or a dozen other
               | things - the authentication can't succeed.
        
             | detourdog wrote:
             | It is essentially kerberos only Apple has managed to grow a
             | coherent ticketing system for all hardware, services, and
             | users. Each Developer essentially has their own ticket
             | signing system. Apple can revoke any ticket at any time and
             | a developer can revoke their own tickets.
        
             | danieldk wrote:
             | _AFAIK, passkeys aren 't really linked to a domain. It's
             | old-school public-key verification, the server stores your
             | public key and uses it to verify the signature of a
             | challenge they send to your device on login. As long as the
             | different domains/apps can share the public key you should
             | be able to login._
             | 
             | The credentials are scoped to a relying party, which must
             | be equal to the domain or registrable domain suffix:
             | 
             | https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn-2/#scope
             | 
             | If this wasn't the case and it was old-school public-key
             | verification, it would still be vulnerable to phishing,
             | since the phishing site could just forward the challenges.
        
           | ElFitz wrote:
           | I've never understood Plaid. Given what they do, they can't
           | possibly encrypt the credentials they're given, let alone
           | hash them, can they?
           | 
           | And considering how most banks are set up, we are talking
           | about the user's only set of credentials. Which have the
           | user's permissions.
           | 
           | Then there are all these fintech startups saying that they're
           | secure because they use Plaid to access all your financial
           | life, all to provide you with centralised analytics or
           | supposed financial advice.
           | 
           | Sure it's probably (one can hope) more secure than every
           | single one of them rolling out their own hacked together
           | equivalent. But still.
           | 
           | Am I missing something?
        
             | squeaky-clean wrote:
             | If your bank doesn't use something like OAuth they do store
             | your login credentials. If your bank does use OAuth or
             | similar Plaid still has to store the access token, which
             | hopefully your bank has given a read-only scope.
             | 
             | They can definitely encrypt the credentials, they just also
             | have to make it simple for their backend to decrypt it when
             | they need access to your bank, which defeats a lot of the
             | security there. (It's still better than just storing it in
             | plaintext).
             | 
             | https://support-my.plaid.com/hc/en-
             | us/articles/4410324401047...
             | 
             | > In other cases, when you link a financial institution to
             | an app via Plaid, you provide your login credentials to us.
             | We store those credentials and use them to collect the data
             | to power the services you've chosen and, when requested,
             | securely share it with the app you're using and establish a
             | secure connection that you control. We then help keep your
             | data safe and private with best-in-class encryption
             | protocols.
        
             | masklinn wrote:
             | I don't think you are, plaid is a horrible and completely
             | insecure work around banks not providing programmatic
             | access.
             | 
             | I'm not sure how it even works with second factors (I've
             | never looked).
        
               | squeaky-clean wrote:
               | If you have 2 factor enabled for each login you get told
               | your account settings are incompatible with Plaid and
               | have to disable 2fah. If it's only enabled for first time
               | logins on a new browser/client Plaid ask you for the
               | code.
               | 
               | https://support-my.plaid.com/hc/en-
               | us/articles/9098915502999...
               | 
               | I don't know for sure how they do it, but it must just be
               | a thousand custom forms and browser automations for each
               | bank they support. And have to be updated whenever the
               | bank updates.
        
               | TheNewsIsHere wrote:
               | This is one of my (numerous) top complaints about Plaid.
               | From the start they've been more about working against
               | than working with banks, and that's sort of obvious still
               | today.
               | 
               | My credit union doesn't give a flying fuck about Plaid
               | and it's a constant cat and mouse game that amuses me to
               | watch. My credit union doesn't have a path to online
               | banking without per-session MFA.
               | 
               | I think banks should be required to provide a user-opt-in
               | OAuth API for read-only access, but not so that companies
               | like Plaid can pilfer your data.
        
               | cco wrote:
               | > From the start they've been more about working against
               | than working with banks... At the very beginning sure,
               | but very quickly Plaid built out a team to try and work
               | with banks. Banks were the biggest roadblock to OAuth,
               | most banks have (had) zero appetite to provide a good
               | experience for users to delegate programmatic access to
               | their own user data. Banks see user financial data as
               | their own and _not_ belonging to their users (as it
               | legally does).
               | 
               | However Plaid has made in-roads at many large
               | institutions, and now supports OAuth, or OAuth-like,
               | access at all (nearly all?) major US financial
               | institutions.
               | 
               | Plaid never liked working against banks, that just made
               | everything worse for everybody involved.
               | 
               | > My credit union doesn't have a path to online banking
               | without per-session MFA. This obviously kills async
               | products at Plaid, like continuous transaction data, but
               | doesn't block sync products like Auth (account and
               | routing data).
               | 
               | In fact, Plaid made a huge push to increase the amount of
               | MFA encountered on their platform. When banks or credit
               | unions didn't offer MFA, or didn't allow users to enforce
               | MFA on every login, Plaid would attempt to force it
               | through a variety of mechanisms to ensure a bad actor
               | would encounter MFA on Plaid even if the bank would
               | otherwise let them through their actual website.
        
               | masklinn wrote:
               | As far as I know that's pretty much what it is yes, a
               | bunch of per-bank scraping systems, which get updated
               | when the bank decides to switch things up.
               | 
               | IIRC Yodlee and Mint do (did?) about the same thing, for
               | banks without a formal API.
        
               | WorldMaker wrote:
               | From my understanding in recent years Mint uses a lot
               | more of the Quicken/QuickBooks semi-formal APIs when
               | formal APIs don't exist. My understanding is that is one
               | of the few, biggest benefits of Mint being bought by
               | Intuit because that 200-pound gorilla has always had a
               | surprising number of special read only APIs and export
               | dump tools from even the quirkiest, smallest banks
               | because of how ubiquitous their tax software is (and how
               | many users would rebel if they didn't have easy access in
               | Quicken or QuickBooks).
        
           | arianvanp wrote:
           | They're actively working on an extension on WebAuthn that
           | supports these kind of 3D-Secure usecases.
           | 
           | https://www.w3.org/TR/secure-payment-confirmation/
           | https://github.com/w3c/webauthn/issues/1667
        
         | Rygian wrote:
         | > Safe from server leaks. Because servers only keep public
         | keys, servers are less valuable targets for hackers.
         | 
         | It's still an attack scenario to keep in mind. If a server can
         | be tricked into storing the wrong public key, authentication is
         | defeated.
        
           | Corrado wrote:
           | By the same token, if the server can be tricked into storing
           | the wrong password, authentication is defeated. However, with
           | passkeys, even downloading the entire database doesn't give
           | the attacker any useful credential information. This is in
           | contrast to today, where a database download gives you salted
           | & encrypted passwords that are (generally) knowable (given
           | enough time). I'll take passkeys over passwords any day.
        
             | TheNewsIsHere wrote:
             | This is my view as well. I think in the more technical
             | crowds but outside of people who actively deal in identity
             | and authentication daily, there seems to be this fixation
             | on the marketing of passkeys that focuses on the FIDO
             | component, and this muddies the virtues of the
             | specification.
             | 
             | Many focus too much on the (potential) MFA use case rather
             | than the idea that we can use effectively the same tech as
             | in Yubikeys (etc) to make phishing resistant authenticators
             | everywhere.
             | 
             | The (IMO) messy rollout by the major platforms really
             | doesn't help either. They absolutely could have spent a
             | little more time baking the UX and designing edge case
             | mitigations, but they didn't.
        
               | WorldMaker wrote:
               | I think that is why it is both good _and_ bad that Apple
               | have effectively taken the lead in the rollout. They are
               | _great_ at UX and keeping an eye out for edge cases and
               | trying to sand down the worst sorts of gotchas. If anyone
               | can make sure that Passkeys _feel_ good to the average
               | user it is probably Apple.
               | 
               | On the flipside, that early lead also led to so many of
               | the misconceptions about Passkeys that people have.
               | People think it by nature has to be a locked, walled
               | garden, because Apple has the lead and loves walled
               | gardens when it has the lead.
               | 
               | I think that's why this newest rollout announcement is
               | such great news (which we knew was coming, but wasn't
               | obvious to some of those misconceptions from Apple being
               | in the lead): complete integration with the larger
               | ecosystem of password apps already in the App Store wild
               | (use your 1Password passkeys just like you can use
               | 1Password passwords), and a UX for grouping passkeys and
               | _sharing_ those groups with other contacts (that also
               | helps with all the misconceptions about passkeys being
               | some sort of crack down on password sharing).
               | 
               | These UX flows would have been great to have seen in the
               | initial rollout to assuage a lot of fears about Passkeys.
               | It is _great_ to see them happening right now while it is
               | still early enough to stop _most_ of the FUD before it
               | starts to get outside of the HN paranoia bubbles and into
               | average consumer ears.
        
           | paulddraper wrote:
           | Yes, but that's not a leak
        
           | chongli wrote:
           | The point is that a hacker can't use the public keys obtained
           | in a data breach to access your accounts on other services.
           | This is a common problem when a lot of people use the same
           | email and password for many different sites.
        
           | markstos wrote:
           | And how might this happen?
        
             | milkshakes wrote:
             | account recovery process
        
               | bnj wrote:
               | Just chiming in to ask -- the immediate need for account
               | recovery is in cases with lost or forgotten passwords. Am
               | I right in assuming that account recovery becomes a much
               | smaller attack surface when using passkeys? Or are there
               | scenarios I'm overlooking?
        
               | judge2020 wrote:
               | It's mostly how sites will likely still allow full
               | account recovery with just sms-based authentication,
               | making account recovery the weakest link. It's still
               | required, though, in case someone e.g. signs up with a
               | passkey on their Windows desktop then forgot to enroll
               | one on their phone before taking a vacation.
        
               | whatusername wrote:
               | So you're covered for "forgotten" - but "lost" is still
               | an issue. What happens when a user loses their passkey?
               | (stolen phone, no backups, house fire, etc).
        
               | bnj wrote:
               | Got it, thanks. A blind spot on my part there. It's funny
               | how quickly the concept of losing access to a phone has
               | taken root, I'm fortunate to have never had that happen
               | to me and I need to remember how easily it could.
        
       | xmdx wrote:
       | Is the whole idea of syncing passkeys a bad idea? Or at least a
       | less secure idea. Someone explained to me that passkeys are
       | hardware backed, each passkey is stored on device and tied to the
       | hardware, so even if someone managed to get access to it, they
       | would also need the hardware to get it to work. These software
       | based keys that can be synced are less secure as a result. Then
       | it just becomes like a password again.
       | 
       | I need to read up a bit more on passkeys in general tbh.
        
         | WorldMaker wrote:
         | Passkeys as a brand include both hardware-backed keys that
         | can't be exported and are device-specific. These can be used
         | for things like 2FA/MFA-type scenarios. They _also_ involve a
         | lot of site-specific keys that may not be hardware-backed and
         | syncable. The neat fun thing is that they can be synced with
         | hardware-backed keys for strong E2E between a user 's enrolled
         | devices and only the user's enrolled devices (plus maybe a hard
         | to use recovery key). (That's basically how iCloud's
         | Password/Passkey store and a lot of iCloud E2E in general seems
         | to work.)
         | 
         | Passkeys in general, especially the focus on a lot of site-
         | specific E2E shared ones, are very much "just like a password",
         | but as the sibling comment points out, the switch to PKI alone
         | is a huge security win and would stop a lot of the
         | haveibeenpwned sorts of leaks and the overall attractiveness to
         | crackers to break into various company's password databases,
         | because only having a public key is a lot less useful than a
         | salted/hashed password that might be broken or found in a
         | rainbow table.
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | It is less secure, but more convenient. You can pick either
         | option. Or you can have both with delegation ("your husband is
         | trying to log in as you on www.google.com, allow?").
        
         | whatyesaid wrote:
         | I think passkeys + 2FA is enough. Just enforce 2FA for any
         | important service and it will be fine, if you don't force it
         | then people who aren't as tech savvy will not do it or people
         | may forget.
         | 
         | For anything non-important I actually use sign in with Google,
         | so.
        
       | vouaobrasil wrote:
       | So far, no one has commented on this large downside of passkeys:
       | that it will promote the ease of sites to require login since
       | it's much easier to generate a passkey than to remember a new
       | password or even store it.
       | 
       | Thus, passkeys lubricate the path towards an ever-increasing
       | login-based society where it becomes much easier to track and
       | monitor your online behaviour. Although it has the benefit of
       | making our existing lives easier by removing the need to remember
       | our banking passwords, it also will bring us further into the
       | realm of technology by making more and more services log-in
       | based.
       | 
       | A greater ease of making a log-in based service means more
       | revenue, more profit for Apple, and a greater integration of
       | technology into our lives. Few people realize this because we
       | have been conditioned to believe that new technology is solely
       | for our benefit.
       | 
       | In reality, Apple is not concerned with our benefit. They are
       | concerned with profit and making technology more efficient to
       | accomplish that end. So although passkeys might seem nice, there
       | is a serious downside to this technology.
        
         | cj wrote:
         | > passkeys lubricate the path towards an ever-increasing login-
         | based society where it becomes much easier to track and monitor
         | your online behaviour
         | 
         | This trend is already in motion thanks to the deprecation of
         | 3rd party cookies and Apple's restriction of device
         | identifiers, etc, on iOS.
         | 
         | For most advertisers these days, the only way to run
         | retargeting campaigns or measure conversions is with 1st party
         | data. That means people are no longer relying on cookies at all
         | for much of their conversion tracking. Instead, email addresses
         | are used.
         | 
         | This is (I think) an unintended side effect of stripping away
         | cookies.
         | 
         | At least with cookies, you could delete them locally. But now
         | so much tracking is done with first party data, cookies are
         | playing much less of a role. And of course there's not an easy
         | "delete all first party data" button in your browser because
         | the data is (obviously) held outside the browser.
        
         | DCKing wrote:
         | It's a thought provoking angle you have here for sure. However,
         | am I right that the implication of this direction of thinking
         | is that we should stay with our current ways of doing
         | authentication simply because them being too hard to use puts
         | up a natural barrier? That some of the ways in which they are
         | broken are intrinsically good?
        
         | rickdeckard wrote:
         | It's also a convenient workaround to synchronize information
         | about your online-behavior, while still being able to state
         | publicly that your browser-history is never processed to
         | profile you.
         | 
         | Upvoting this because it's a view worth sharing (and I'm sure
         | you'll be downvoted just because of your baseless claim that
         | Apple is concerned about something as dirty as profit /s)
        
           | theshrike79 wrote:
           | Apple is making filthy amounts of money just from hardware
           | and app sales.
           | 
           | All of their attempts at targeted advertising have been
           | rounding errors at best.
           | 
           | And they know that complete unbreakable privacy is the place
           | where Google (an ad company) can never ever fully follow no
           | matter what kind of lip service they do in their keynotes
           | about privacy.
        
             | clairity wrote:
             | all of apple's recent growth is coming from its content
             | ("services") business, which means it's hot to track you
             | for advertising purposes. passkeys provide another stone in
             | their walled garden to be able to track you but keep others
             | from doing so as effectively, which on balance contributes
             | to its competitive advantage.
             | 
             | make no mistake that this is the direction apple is headed.
             | it's been clear for the last 5 years or so, since hardware
             | sales have leveled off. perhaps the goggles will dampen the
             | velocity a bit, but i'm very skeptical that the AR/VR
             | market is mature enough to have that effect in the near
             | future.
        
           | arianvanp wrote:
           | Passkeys are stored in your encrypted iCloud keychain. Apple
           | doesn't see or process what websites you're logged into on
           | their servers.
        
         | dan-robertson wrote:
         | I don't think this makes sense.
         | 
         | Sites already desperately try to get people to log in. I don't
         | particularly see it as an advantage for Apple if eg the Reddit
         | website or some random online shop makes you log in. If Apple
         | are interested in selling ads, I think they should not want to
         | make it easy to track people on websites through logins as that
         | helps their competitors.
         | 
         | I generally model Apple as preferring that you use (and pay
         | for/in) some app rather than a website, and logins are less
         | necessary for apps where you can store information about your
         | session and don't need to regularly prompt the user for
         | passwords. I think Apple would rather you don't have some
         | separate account you can log into on a website to eg pay for a
         | service without in-app-purchases.
         | 
         | I mostly think of passkeys as a better version of the password
         | manager: allowing users to do what they already want in a more
         | secure way. If there is some subtle business advantage it is
         | maybe that users would make new accounts rather than using
         | sign-in with Google/Facebook, though I don't know to what
         | extent those features are valuable to Google/Facebook.
        
         | danShumway wrote:
         | This is not high on my list of concerns about passkeys.
         | 
         | I worry about attestation, vendor lock-in, the spec process,
         | etc... but (if attestation isn't a huge issue) easier account
         | creation is not a huge deal because multiple-account creation
         | will also get a lot easier.
         | 
         | If a system is requiring your passkey plus a metric to verify
         | your identity (again, assuming attestation doesn't become a
         | problem), then they're already in a position where asking for
         | your email is not a big deal. So I don't see how passkeys
         | change anything for them.
         | 
         | On the other hand, any account that would have asked for my
         | email before now doesn't have to. And if attestation goes well
         | and Apple continues rejecting it for roaming providers, they
         | won't get _any_ information other than my login credentials. I
         | have disposable email addresses, but most people don 't.
         | Getting rid of a factor that essentially forces them to only
         | have a single account with a service and makes it easier to
         | track them across services -- getting rid of that is a good
         | thing.
         | 
         | There's tons to be worried about with passkeys, but this is not
         | something that worries me. What worries me is if attestation
         | pushes its way into the roaming provider implementations and
         | suddenly I can't create an account on a rooted phone anymore.
         | But getting rid of extra verification/identity steps would be
         | good for users and good for privacy. It would be great if I
         | could sign up for a service just with a key and without an
         | email address.
        
         | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
         | > So far, no one has commented on this large downside of
         | passkeys: that it will promote the ease of sites to require
         | login since it's much easier to generate a passkey than to
         | remember a new password or even store it.
         | 
         | Actually, this ease of use may be beneficial to privacy. Sites
         | don't need user generated/remembered passwords to require a
         | login, they can just use the sign in with Google/Facebook/Apple
         | buttons. Because it is easier than remembering another
         | password, users will typically use those options. Passkeys is
         | more private than signing in with Google/Facebook/Apple, while
         | also providing more privacy than those options.
        
           | vouaobrasil wrote:
           | You are ignoring the other side of the equation: more sites
           | with logins.
        
         | goalieca wrote:
         | Each website gets a unique key. They are not signed or rooted
         | in any trust. You can still pick any username you want for the
         | account. What passkeys do is replace OTP and MFA. They live
         | along SSO and do not replace it.
        
           | anderspitman wrote:
           | I think the first use cases of WebAuthn were targeted at MFA,
           | but passkeys are definitely being advertised as replacing
           | passwords as the primary/only factor (with the caveat that
           | you'll also be expected to perform some sort of pin/bio
           | authentication on the local device).
        
         | UncleMeat wrote:
         | "Authentication has to be messy and painful so it isn't
         | adopted" is an odd take.
         | 
         | This also seems to be the polar opposite of most complaints
         | about passkeys. The typical response is that they won't replace
         | passwords because passwords are easy and accessible. Here you
         | are saying that passkeys are easier. It can't be both.
        
         | bravetraveler wrote:
         | It's a fair point, but I'm not that worried about more logins.
         | We're already being pushed this way by Big Business wanting
         | more and more users to mine/advertise towards.
         | 
         | I worry a little about normalizing on fingerprints, but not
         | because tin-foil-hat thinking about _tracking_.
         | 
         | Those can _certainly_ be ordered /forced by a judge, where
         | passwords/codes are less well defined. I'm not up to anything
         | shady, but I fear an authoritarian government.
         | 
         | Let's consider PINs, too. Those can be used instead. How many
         | of these are people going to memorize? Many passphrases become
         | one relatively easily guessed number on a device you can lose
         | 
         | Implementation details, surely - and I'm really green... but I
         | worry about unintended consequences a lot
        
         | arianvanp wrote:
         | How? you make claims that seem to have no substance. What extra
         | vector does Passkeys add for tracking? I don't see any.
         | 
         | Passkeys are an origin-bound login mechanism. Worst case is
         | that somebody places a first-party cookie to keep you logged in
         | after you authenticated with a passkey. which they and will
         | already do today without your consent or without logging in.
         | (First-party session cookies don't even need a cookie wall.
         | They're considered "necessary" processing)
        
           | vouaobrasil wrote:
           | If it is easier to do something, more websites will do it.
           | Passkeys make it easier to make new logins, so more websites
           | will do it. Just like seatbelts make people drive more
           | dangerously.
           | 
           | If more websites require logins, they can track you more
           | easily, simple as that. It has nothing to do with the
           | engineering aspects of passkeys, and everything to do with
           | the fact that technology which makes logins easier will
           | encourage more login-based services.
           | 
           | You need to step away from the engineering details and look
           | at things sociologically.
        
             | dan-robertson wrote:
             | Doesn't Apple Pay make it easier to not log in to websites
             | (by getting rid of their desire to save payment details or
             | addresses to get through later checkouts faster)? I just
             | don't really see some grand pro-login plan implied by
             | Apple's actions.
        
               | vouaobrasil wrote:
               | You are right. Of course, I am not talking about a
               | conscious plan by board members or employees, but the
               | general emergent trend inherent to this type of
               | technology. I did not mean to imply conscious action as
               | we know it.
        
           | cj wrote:
           | With 3rd party cookies going away, companies now need your
           | email address to effectively track you.
           | 
           | Tracking you via your email address is actually better than
           | using cookies (for the advertiser) because it works cross-
           | device and cross-browser.
           | 
           | Any mechanism that makes it easier to login to sites will
           | promote the usage of email addresses for tracking purposes.
           | Think retargeting and conversion tracking (no longer needing
           | to be cookie-based).
           | 
           | Passkeys = quicker and faster to get a user's email address.
           | 
           | Email address = even better than "super cookies"
        
             | TimothyBJacobs wrote:
             | > Passkeys = quicker and faster to get a user's email
             | address.
             | 
             | Using passkeys doesn't give a site your email address. The
             | site would have to still ask for your email separately.
        
             | dan-robertson wrote:
             | But Apple offer this service where they make a fresh proxy
             | email for you which is unique to the service. Why would
             | they do that if they want to enable cross-service tracking
             | via email address?
        
               | withinboredom wrote:
               | I use 1password + fastmail for exactly this. The
               | integration is better than Apple IMHO.
        
               | anderspitman wrote:
               | Do 1password/fastmail have functionality built in for
               | this or do you just manually generate your emails based
               | off a wildcard?
        
               | withinboredom wrote:
               | Yes. It's built-in. https://1password.com/fastmail/
        
             | closewith wrote:
             | > Tracking you via your email address is actually better
             | than using cookies (for the advertiser) because it works
             | cross-device and cross-browser.
             | 
             | At least in the EU, you'll need express consent to do this.
        
               | tourmalinetaco wrote:
               | "Need" is a very strong word. Any potential fines will
               | just be rolled into the costs of doing business, and if
               | it's found to still be worth it they'll keep abusing user
               | privacy as there is a net benefit profit-wise.
        
               | withinboredom wrote:
               | IIRC, the fines are some % of revenue. Basically enough
               | to tap into margins.
        
               | closewith wrote:
               | Up to 4% of global turnover, so substantial.
               | 
               | From personal experience, businesses I've dealt with in
               | the EU are eager to be compliant as long as it's applied
               | across the board (ie, they aren't losing their
               | competitive advantage).
        
           | mcherm wrote:
           | Passkeys do not help track people between sites, but if they
           | are used in places that passwords never were, it might
           | increase tracking within a site.
           | 
           | Hacker News, for instance, allows non-logged-in read-only
           | usage. If Hacker News decided that Passkeys were so easy for
           | the user that non-logged-in usage would be eliminated, then
           | some degree of privacy would be lost.
           | 
           | Personally, I don't think it is that much of a risk. I DO
           | worry about putting too much control in the hands of Apple
           | and Google.
        
             | WorldMaker wrote:
             | If sites started going Passkey only even for "guest"
             | access, you'd quickly see a rise in Passkey managers that
             | quickly generate throwaway passkeys and you'd also see a
             | rise in "globally shared" anonymous group passkeys, just as
             | people already do today to get around paywalls and some
             | walled gardens with passwords and "phone memberships" at
             | rewards clubs (the notorious Jenny's Number being a common
             | one there). The techniques don't really change that much.
             | Passkeys really don't have any more identifying information
             | than passwords or phone numbers and temporary anonymous
             | passkeys or over-shared passkeys are likely to be a thing
             | in some places as soon as they are seen as necessary.
        
             | runeks wrote:
             | > If Hacker News decided that Passkeys were so easy for the
             | user that non-logged-in usage would be eliminated, then
             | some degree of privacy would be lost.
             | 
             | Not if you the user generates a new login upon every visit,
             | which should be trivial.
        
       | smcleod wrote:
       | Hopefully this comes to Strongbox soon!
        
       | anderspitman wrote:
       | My main concern with passkeys is I'm not aware of a way to pre-
       | authorize someone who doesn't yet have an account. For example,
       | with email I can just grant X access to anyone who can prove they
       | have access to Y email address. But passkeys don't have a single
       | public handle like this. This isn't such a big deal with
       | centralized services where everyone is likely to already have an
       | account, but might pose a problem for selfhosted services. Still,
       | I like passkeys and wish there was a way to have my cake and eat
       | it too.
        
       | spuz wrote:
       | One thing I don't understand about offering passkey login for
       | your email is how you would go about recovering an account if you
       | lost access to the device which holds your passkey? Google
       | states: "When you create a passkey, you opt in to a passkey-
       | first, password-less sign-in experience.". This seems to imply
       | that you will not be able to use your old password if you ever
       | lost your phone. Do Google still offer backup passwords for
       | recovery purposes if you switch to passkeys? Their site doesn't
       | seem to explain this.
       | 
       | https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/13548313?hl=en#zi...
        
         | Ajedi32 wrote:
         | Think of passkeys as being the same as a password database. The
         | provider can offer whatever recovery mechanism they want, and
         | sites that use passkeys can continue to offer account recovery
         | methods completely independent of their use of passkeys.
         | 
         | As for what Google does specifically with their implementation,
         | I'm not sure. I personally plan to use KeepassXC's
         | implementation, whenever that comes out, with my own custom
         | database backup strategy.
        
           | snagg wrote:
           | This is an area with the specs contrast with the vendors.
           | 
           | The WebAuthn specs recommends to register multiple
           | passkeys/credentials per device and assume that once a
           | credential is lost it might not be recoverable.
           | 
           | Apple and other vendors using keychains/wallets are
           | effectively offering the option to delegate the recovery of
           | the passkey to the recovery of the account with them (eg: the
           | iCloud account).
           | 
           | In case it is of interest, we wrote a long blogpost on the
           | topic: https://www.slashid.dev/blog/passkeys-security-
           | implementatio...
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | arnarbi wrote:
         | You can still use your password today on a Google account with
         | passkeys. And account recovery via other means (depending on a
         | lot of things) is still available.
         | 
         | It's too early to completely replace all methods with passkeys,
         | but the hope is that as they gain better support and
         | understanding websites will be able to make other methods
         | rare/exceptional. For exceptional cases such as account
         | recovery, as opposed to day-to-day account sign-in, there is
         | room to apply a lot of other abuse signals and other methods to
         | make it harder for attackers.
         | 
         | More here: https://security.googleblog.com/2023/05/so-long-
         | passwords-th....
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | izacus wrote:
         | Same way as you recover a password stored in your password
         | manager. It's pretty much the same thing.
        
           | spuz wrote:
           | The way I do that is I memorise my password manager master
           | key. How do I do that with a passkey?
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | Email magic link, recovery codes, web of trust (recovery
             | contacts), or remote government credentials proofing
             | (ID.me, Stripe Identity, etc).
        
       | ttul wrote:
       | This is a smart move by Apple. Authentication infrastructure is
       | necessarily cross platform. It doesn't generate revenue for
       | Apple, but the lack of cross platform auth would limit enterprise
       | adoption of Apple products.
        
         | supriyo-biswas wrote:
         | Passkeys (otherwise known as WebAuthn) isn't an Apple specific
         | standard though.
        
           | ttul wrote:
           | Absolutely. 1Password is betting heavily on being the passkey
           | clearing house for enterprise. I think what Apple is doing
           | here is saying that companies like 1Password can do this for
           | their flavor of WebAuthn too.
        
         | riffraff wrote:
         | > It doesn't generate revenue for Apple,
         | 
         | but it creates lock-in, if all your credentials are in a iCloud
         | keychain, you're encouraged to get a phone that can sync with
         | your ipad, laptop, and desktop.
         | 
         | Manually find and re-sync your stuff from firefox-on-desktop to
         | chrome-on-mobile to safari-on-ipad is a major PITA.
        
           | rickdeckard wrote:
           | And it creates nicely labeled and synchronized information of
           | when and how often a user logged into a eCommerce
           | service/Streaming portal/..., while still being able to state
           | that your browser history is never processed for profiling...
        
       | danShumway wrote:
       | I still want to see more details. That being said, extremely
       | positive news. Vendor lock-in is one of the biggest issues with
       | passkeys and one of the biggest reasons I haven't been able to
       | get on board with them and why I usually end up advocating
       | against them whenever they come up.
       | 
       | Between this and Apple blocking attestation efforts for mobile
       | passkeys, it gives me more confidence that this could turn into a
       | standard that I want to use. I criticize the passkey standard
       | pretty consistently, I would be very happy to eat crow on that.
       | 
       | I will say that it would go a long way to make this stuff part of
       | the standard, I don't like how much these really critical pieces
       | of passkey functionality are boiling down to "wait and see what
       | vendors do." But I'm cautiously optimistic to see where things
       | go. It is a _really_ big deal for Apple to support 3rd-party
       | providers and an even bigger deal for Apple to support sync with
       | 3rd-party providers.
        
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