[HN Gopher] Why did Usenet fail?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Why did Usenet fail?
        
       Author : edent
       Score  : 134 points
       Date   : 2023-06-05 11:39 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (shkspr.mobi)
 (TXT) w3m dump (shkspr.mobi)
        
       | sombragris wrote:
       | Two points completely unrelated between them:
       | 
       | 1. A large part of the world completely ignored Usenet. ISPs
       | began offering Net connectivity in my country in the late 1990s,
       | but then no one (IIRC) had an Usenet server or archive; and if
       | they had one, it was largely unadvertised. Connecting to a NNTP
       | server not offered by your ISP might be doable, but it could be a
       | paid-for thing, not very easy and not very reliable. So, too many
       | people around the world did not get into their Eternal September.
       | 
       | 2. There are good NNTP clients (and free software ones). Claws
       | Mail has good NNTP support and is actively developed, and this is
       | just one example.
        
       | webdoodle wrote:
       | I enjoy reading old usenet posts of mine. The confident yet naive
       | bravado almost makes me feel young again.
        
       | zxcvbn4038 wrote:
       | Usenet didn't fail at all, it just went out of fashion after
       | Google killed the usenet archive. Honestly, I think if we applied
       | everything we've learned about http over the past thirty years
       | and applied it to an updated nntp protocol then it would be quite
       | formidable.
       | 
       | The biggest issue that never was never resolved was on one hand
       | you have the people who don't want people controlling what they
       | read and say - and on the other hand you have the jerks that want
       | to abuse that. If you've ever logged into a darknet forum and
       | someone has uploaded hundreds of autopsy photos anywhere they
       | could upload photos except the "autopsy photos" area, then that
       | is exactly what used to happen on Usenet. It's probably the same
       | guy doing it. Though personally I think having to do the
       | occasional bulk delete is worth preserving freedom of expression.
        
       | blakesterz wrote:
       | "I should briefly mention Google buying the Deja News archive,
       | promising to revitalise Usenet, and then promptly abandoning it.
       | Cheers Google. Choogle."
       | 
       | Oh wow, I totally forgot about that. I remember it being a really
       | big deal at the time, and now I barely even remember.
        
         | senko wrote:
         | It's even worse than that.
         | 
         | Here, Google pulled one from the Microsoft playbook: embrace,
         | extend, extinguish.
         | 
         | Google bought DejaNews, rebranded it into Google Groups
         | (embrace) and then proceed to Googlify it, making it less and
         | less Usenet-y and more and more Google specific (extend), until
         | only the Google-specific mailing lists remained (extinguish).
         | 
         | Edit: see
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20010226023947/http://groups.goo...
        
           | thrashh wrote:
           | Umm according to Wikipedia, Deja News was turning into a
           | shopping site, going bankrupt and shutting down the Usenet
           | archive.
           | 
           | So Google came in and saved it.
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Groups#Deja_News
        
             | jghn wrote:
             | Yeah. At the time I remember the sentiment being more
             | "woah, this is amazing" and less "boo, corporate overlords
             | taking over".
        
               | anigbrowl wrote:
               | Yeah, and then they let it sink as they have with so many
               | other cool things they built.
        
               | bentcorner wrote:
               | It certainly smacks of being someone's promo project
               | where they moved on to other things after the migration
               | and the project fizzled out without leadership.
        
               | senko wrote:
               | Google was pretty much considered the "good guys" back
               | then. It only started with AdWords a year earlier and was
               | barely breaking even at the time. Loong way from
               | "corporate overlords".
        
           | jhallenworld wrote:
           | It's even worse than that... USENET was one of the places
           | that Google used to seed its search engine. Links from USENET
           | were high quality links.
           | 
           | It's like reddit as the source for LLMs today.
           | 
           | So Google neglecting USENET could be about preventing
           | competitors.
        
         | joshuaissac wrote:
         | > Cheers Google. Choogle.
         | 
         | This appears to be inspired by the BBC show 'Look Around You'.
         | 
         | https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Look_Around_You
        
         | tiffanyh wrote:
         | Didn't Deja become the basis for Google Groups, which still
         | remains today.
        
       | logifail wrote:
       | > Thirdly was the user interface. Usenet looked dull. In a world
       | of animated GIFs and MySpace colour schemes, Usenet didn't even
       | have avatar images! Sure, the spartan nature meant that you could
       | focus on a conversation - but it didn't feel as modern and
       | exciting as the web did
       | 
       | "Modern and exciting" beat "being able to focus on a
       | conversation" :(
       | 
       | Being able to focus is right at the top of my list of priorities.
       | Surely I'm not the only one?
        
         | giantrobot wrote:
         | Claiming you could focus on the conversation with Usenet is
         | putting on some rose tinted glasses.
         | 
         | By the late 90s Usenet was well into the Eternal September and
         | inundated with spam. Unmoderated groups were a mess. There was
         | also just the simple problem of formatting. IIRC Outlook
         | Express defaulted to MIME/multipart posts which would cause all
         | sorts of weirdness if someone with a text-only client quoted
         | them and the OE user replied. Then of course there was the
         | issue of top and bottom quoting. Many Usenet clients had truly
         | awful UIs so a user could inadvertently quote a message's
         | headers in a reply.
         | 
         | Compared to even a simple WWWBoard the experience was often
         | lacking in terms of focus.
        
           | jghn wrote:
           | I mean, I used `tin` as my newsreader until somewhere between
           | 2010-2015. It wasn't quite a hellscape of unusability if one
           | was using a text only client.
        
             | giantrobot wrote:
             | I should have clarified the _GUI_ newsreaders. I 'd be
             | willing to bet a very small amount of money that around
             | 2000 the majority of newsreaders in use by real humans (not
             | spam bots) were Outlook Express and Netscape.
             | 
             | There were some good GUI newsreaders but Outlook Express
             | was a shit show. I remember OE was what my ISP had NNTP
             | documentation for and nothing else.
        
               | jghn wrote:
               | Yeah, I think Thunderbird was still pretty popular around
               | then as well
        
         | edent wrote:
         | How can I focus on a threaded conversation if I can't visually
         | see the difference between the participants? Quickly looking at
         | an avatar is easier than reading an email address.
         | 
         | Having even basic HTML formatting helps lay out a post - which
         | makes it easier to concentrate on it. But that was something
         | eschewed by most Usenet clients and posters.
         | 
         | Similarly, inline images are great for illustrating a point. I
         | don't have to lose focus by clicking on a link and going to
         | another tab to see what's being discussed.
        
           | iso1631 wrote:
           | > How can I focus on a threaded conversation if I can't
           | visually see the difference between the participants? Quickly
           | looking at an avatar is easier than reading an email address.
           | 
           | You post this on a threaded discussion forum without avatars,
           | one you've frequented for a decade
        
             | lanstin wrote:
             | On hacker news I mostly never look at the usernames. It is
             | all just hive mind. Unless someone is claiming to have won
             | a famous math contest or something. Or if I am really mad
             | at a post, I might look for additional context in their
             | posting history.
        
             | edent wrote:
             | Yes - and I find it rather tedious. Why do you think that
             | _every_ other major SN has avatar images? It 's because
             | _most_ users find it a better experience.
             | 
             | I also have my own CSS for HN which makes it much more
             | pleasant (for me) and I I've started using
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30668137
        
               | johannes1234321 wrote:
               | The nice thing about Usenet: It's an open stadard and
               | clients could show avatars.
               | 
               | For one simple generic blobs generated based on the
               | sender's address, using some service like gravatar or
               | X-Face header.
        
               | mr_mitm wrote:
               | You could have your Usenet client to the same thing.
               | Generate some sort of image out of the email address.
        
           | msla wrote:
           | Usenet had avatars: XFaces
           | 
           | https://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/XfacesSupport
           | 
           | I remember them being used by some Usenet posters in the
           | 1990s.
        
         | mbreese wrote:
         | I would have gone with discoverability/UX. Finding and figuring
         | out how to use a Usenet group was a complete pain. Once you'd
         | managed the learning curve and found a group that interested
         | you, it was great. But you can't beat the discoverability of a
         | Google indexed web forum.
        
         | dale_glass wrote:
         | There are subjects where the UI matters.
         | 
         | Eg, I don't see the HN UI ever be used for anything graphics
         | related, because there's no image embedding.
         | 
         | This is fine for many subjects, but greatly constrains others.
         | 
         | It also has social effects. HN makes usernames very vague
         | compared to say, Reddit or Slashdot. Which means that after
         | more than 2 years on this site I still don't know any. The site
         | is extremely impersonal to me, compared to Reddit where I can
         | recognize regulars in some of the subreddits. Whether this is a
         | good thing or not varies, but it certainly affects the
         | dynamics.
        
           | veave wrote:
           | Usernames being vague is a feature. Comments should be judged
           | by their content and not by the person who posted them.
           | 
           | Also if you use old reddit usernames in reddit are as
           | impersonal as they are here because of no discernible
           | avatars.
        
             | pavel_lishin wrote:
             | Pseudonymity beats anonymity. People's track records and
             | comment history _should_ be a factor when judging what
             | someone says, unless we expect every comment to be a
             | lengthy thesis.
             | 
             | If I see a comment from someone I know to be a relative
             | expert on a field based on my previous interactions with
             | them, I _want_ to judge it as more authoritative and
             | interesting than a rando who registered two weeks ago and
             | has mostly commented  "lol".
        
           | maksimur wrote:
           | > It also has social effects. HN makes usernames very vague
           | compared to say, Reddit or Slashdot. Which means that after
           | more than 2 years on this site I still don't know any. The
           | site is extremely impersonal to me, compared to Reddit where
           | I can recognize regulars in some of the subreddits.
           | 
           | I actually like this approach as it reduces the issue of some
           | users dominating the conversation, thereby overshadowing
           | others. I think it's essential to foster a level playing
           | field for everyone when discussing topics of interest.
        
         | amadeuspagel wrote:
         | As HN's success shows, there's a significant niche for text-
         | only forums.
        
         | qzx_pierri wrote:
         | You're definitely not the only one. I also endorse the idea of
         | function over form, because catering to the masses has
         | historically stood adjacent to 'lowering the bar' (choose any
         | metric for this hypothetical).
         | 
         | Every place that doesn't cater to the masses seems to always be
         | a higher quality community.
         | 
         | Slightly off topic, but dang, if you're reading this, I
         | recommend making HN invite only for a month or two after the
         | incoming reddit fiasco in July 1st. A ton of people on the
         | major subreddits are already parroting things like "Just go to
         | HN, it's basically the new reddit".
         | 
         | I don't think I'm making a hot take when I say reddit has a
         | pretty awful community outside of the tech focused subs. But
         | maybe I'm too concerned - I'm just worried that one of the last
         | comfy parts of the internet will be invaded by plebs and emoji
         | spammers.
        
           | Kye wrote:
           | There are plenty of good subreddits outside tech.
           | Unfortunately, telling anyone about them risks ruining them
           | due to how easy it is for a subreddit to blow up.
        
       | notfried wrote:
       | I know until at least recently, warez/piracy on Usenet was still
       | a thing. Are there other use cases now for Usenet nowadays?
        
       | throwawaaarrgh wrote:
       | Usenet didn't fail. People are just dumb and follow trends.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | rocket_surgeron wrote:
       | Usenet didn't fail, you failed it.
       | 
       | There are servers up right now. People using it at this very
       | moment.
       | 
       | Why did you leave? Digg? Slashdot?
        
       | ubermonkey wrote:
       | It didn't fail. It was a smashing, world-changing success.
       | Success, though, doesn't always mean immortality.
        
         | intrasight wrote:
         | Came to say the same. Usenet was amazing - in it's time. If
         | that's "failure" then lots of apps would be happy to fail.
        
         | B1FF_PSUVM wrote:
         | "Just resting."
        
       | goodpoint wrote:
       | Usenet did not fail. It was killed. It's different.
        
       | jantypas2 wrote:
       | There was another reason Usenet died -- people want other people
       | to do the work. Oh, they'll pay for it to a degree, but Usenet
       | wasn't plug-and-play. To make Usenet work, everyone had to
       | cooperate and most people just don't want the work. AOL wasn't
       | even close, but it was someone else's problem to run and
       | maintain. Hostly, my own vies here, but if Reddit just had an
       | NNTP bridge, people would flock to it and never know the
       | differece. I remember running a node -- it was a constant battle
       | to maintain space on the spools and deal with my own users. And,
       | for what? It cost us money and while everyone said they wanted
       | it, no one wanted to help with the work or pay for it. Add to
       | that the number of groups that just want "zombie" on us, and it
       | died.
        
       | gmiller123456 wrote:
       | I really hate to see the word "fail" used for something that was
       | so incredibly successful, just because technology advanced enough
       | to provide something better.
        
         | margalabargala wrote:
         | I agree. By that metric, some other notable failures from
         | history include:
         | 
         | - Steam locomotives
         | 
         | - Gutenberg's printing press
         | 
         | - The IBM PC
         | 
         | - The original iPhone
         | 
         | - The Ford Model T
         | 
         | - The telegraph, and landline telephones
         | 
         | - The cotton gin
         | 
         | - Black powder, cannons, etc
         | 
         | - Wind-powered boats
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsgroup_spam
        
       | unreal37 wrote:
       | Nobody made money on Usenet. It was a "cost" for all ISPs and
       | eventually Google.
       | 
       | So maybe that's why it failed.
        
       | debacle wrote:
       | Every Usenet replacement (but Craigslist and 4chan) has burned
       | through hundreds of millions of VC cash only to eventually fizzle
       | out.
       | 
       | Maybe digital space and presence needs to be a social utility.
        
       | ThinkingGuy wrote:
       | Possibly slightly off-topic: Are there any free (as in speech)
       | web-based NNTP front-ends that are relative ly up to date, and
       | still maintained? On my home server I can pull up my email,
       | texts, and RSS feeds in a web browser. It would be nice to do the
       | same with newsgroups, instead of having to run Pan (even though I
       | get the same feeling of nostalgia from its UI as the author
       | does).
        
         | davisr wrote:
         | Yes--the DLang forums are what I'd consider the best.
         | 
         | > About (https://forum.dlang.org/help#about)
         | 
         | > This website is powered by DFeed, an NNTP / mailing list web
         | frontend / forum software, news aggregator and IRC bot. DFeed
         | was written mostly by Vladimir Panteleev. The source code is
         | available under the GNU Affero General Public License on
         | GitHub: https://github.com/CyberShadow/DFeed
         | 
         | > This DFeed instance (forum.dlang.org) is a frontend to the
         | DigitalMars NNTP server and mailing lists. Portions of the web
         | interface (including style and graphics) are Copyright (c) by
         | Digital Mars.
        
         | teddyh wrote:
         | Anything wrong with Mozilla Thunderbird?
        
           | ThinkingGuy wrote:
           | Only that it's not installed on every computer I use :)
        
       | slooonz wrote:
       | I'd add barriers of entry. Not high, but way higher that anything
       | that is publicly readable on the internet and therefore indexed
       | on Google.
       | 
       | I can discover interesting subreddits _by pure chance_ by
       | following a google search on a question I have. Or following a
       | link on a blog
       | 
       | There's no chance of that happening on Usenet. For most users,
       | search/discovery is a web thing (web search, links) and there's
       | no link from the web to usenet. Therefore if you don't know
       | anything interesting on usenet you can't easily discover it. Any
       | interesting post/discussion cannot be simply linked on a tweet
       | (or, for that matters, on IRC). Usenet is completely insular. A
       | web forum is not.
       | 
       | Were I a Usenet enthusiast, that would be my 1st priority. Public
       | archives of most important hierarchies (comp.* for example),
       | indexed on Google, easily linkable.
        
         | jghn wrote:
         | When I first started using usenet in the early 90s, I spent
         | days going through the entire list of newsgroups my provider
         | had. IIRC it was somewhere around 6000 groups at the time.
         | Found all sorts of interesting things that way. To your point,
         | that's not exactly a scalable solution and not one that most
         | people would do :)
         | 
         | I'd counter that though with the aspect of one stop shopping,
         | which e.g. Reddit also has. One thing that kept me on Usenet
         | far longer than most was that with one app (my newsreader) I
         | could access limitless topic specific forums. Instead of having
         | to go to a bunch of different sites, each with their own logins
         | & quirks, etc. To this day I still prefer applications like
         | that, for instance it is something I really appreciated about
         | Twitter until recent changes.
        
         | shadowgovt wrote:
         | One of the reasons HTTP ate the world is simply the fact that
         | everyone already has a user interface program installed to use
         | an HTTP-vended service.
         | 
         | In this day and age, that need to install one more thing
         | (unless you're on mobile) is itself a huge barrier to entry.
        
       | slyall wrote:
       | Largely agree with the author's viewpoint. Compared to the Web
       | and Web forums it was very hard for new people to pick up.
       | 
       | Even for people who had mastered the software the lack of ability
       | to get rid of bad people was a problem. One "Kook" could single-
       | handedly jam up server groups ( eg
       | https://www.geocities.w/donfool/ ).
       | 
       | The interface however was still pretty unmatched to this day
       | unmatched. You could and did get threads of 1000 posts from 100
       | people that were perfectly threaded, readable and referred to
       | points in previous posts.
       | 
       | The requirement for each ISP to run their own server was a
       | problem. If you wanted binaries then you would need a relatively
       | expensive server (or group of servers) plus quite a lot of
       | bandwidth.
        
         | Projectiboga wrote:
         | ISPs had binaries until around 2007 when NYS AG Andrew Cuomo
         | did a favor for big media under the headline of combating 43
         | child pics.
        
       | redprince wrote:
       | I've used Usenet quite extensively in its heyday. At one point I
       | even ran a Usenet site with dozens of peers and thousands of
       | users. All on a very beefy (for its time) Sun E450.
       | 
       | In my opinion Usenets greatest strength was also its downfall. It
       | is a distributed system without central authority over who could
       | connect to the network or firm control over groups and their
       | contents. To connect to it as a peer, you just had to find at
       | least one Usenet site willing to exchange messages (peer) with
       | you. Usually that wasn't a problem. ISPs, universities,
       | organizations of all kinds were running their own servers,
       | offering Usenet client access to their customers and members for
       | no additional charge.
       | 
       | In a distributed system without central authority, innovation is
       | exceedingly hard though. The protocols and features were
       | basically set in stone. Taking the concept of offering
       | discussions among users to a centralized or closed system made it
       | possible to innovate very fast and offer superior features to the
       | users.
       | 
       | As the article pointed out, that wasn't the only protocol which
       | got picked up that way and innovated upon until it displaced its
       | origins.
       | 
       | Since Usenet is still frozen feature wise were it was 30 or more
       | years ago, I don't see a revival coming anytime soon.
        
         | martinald wrote:
         | This is the key problem with decentralised systems. They simply
         | can't innovate as quickly as centralised systems.
         | 
         | We saw this with usenet and we also saw it with IRC. IRC really
         | is what slack was, 30years ahead of it. However, IRC has so
         | many essential missing features it never caught on - push
         | notifications, saving your state when offline, admin controls,
         | etc. I know some of these were solved with extensions and
         | workarounds (having a shell connect to irc an then you connect
         | to the shell for persistence for example) but it's a huge hack.
         | This compares to Slack or Teams where they can push a back and
         | front end update to millions/billions(?) of users in a very
         | short space of time to add additional functionality.
         | 
         | This is another reason why all the decentralised 'blockchain'
         | things would have struggled (on top of many others).
        
           | basscomm wrote:
           | > However, IRC has so many essential missing features it
           | never caught on
           | 
           | IRC never caught on? IRC was extremely popular throughout the
           | 90's and into the 2000's
        
             | Domenic_S wrote:
             | You're right; but I read that as IRC didn't implement
             | ("catch on to") those essential features as technical
             | feasibility marched forward.
        
           | api wrote:
           | I think this argument is seductive but wrong because it
           | ignores an invisible elephant in the room: funding.
           | 
           | Decentralization is a business problem, not a technical
           | problem. Engineers tend not to see this because we're
           | engineers and so we see technical problems first.
           | 
           | Usenet had no economic model. All the problems you list are
           | solvable if there were funding available to solve them.
           | 
           | Free volunteer developer work tends to stop at the level of
           | polish with which developers are comfortable, which is
           | usually command line interaction and fairly manual processes.
           | Developers generally have to be paid to develop new features
           | and polish those features for the general audience, which is
           | why there are precious few open source systems used by anyone
           | other than developers.
           | 
           | Those that do exist tend to be subsidized by huge companies
           | for the purpose of "commoditizing your compliments" or as
           | tools to herd users into an ecosystem that has upsell
           | opportunities built into it. Examples: Chrome, any open
           | source client for a SaaS service, etc.
           | 
           | Non-profits can fund to some extent, but the truth is that
           | polished feature-rich easy to use software is extraordinarily
           | expensive to produce. A system that a developer can create in
           | their spare time might cost _millions_ to render usable to
           | non-developers. Computers are actually very hard to use. We
           | just don 't see this because we're accustomed to it. Making
           | them easy to use is a gigantic undertaking and is often far
           | more difficult and complex than making something work at the
           | algorithmic level.
           | 
           | Centralized systems with built-in economic models like SaaS
           | or commercial software tend to triumph because they can fund
           | the polish necessary to reach a wider audience. A wider
           | audience means exponentially larger network effects. See
           | Metcalfe's Law.
           | 
           | Cryptocurrency could have offered an alternative model but
           | failed for entirely different reasons: perverse incentives
           | that attract scammers. In crypto by far the most profitable
           | thing to do is build a fake project that can appear just
           | credible enough to attract retail buyers onto whom you can
           | dump your tokens. There is no structural incentive to stick
           | with a project and really develop it because all the money is
           | made up front through the initial offering. This also ruins
           | the ecosystem because "the bad chases away the good."
           | Scammers make legitimate people not want to go anywhere near
           | crypto, transforming the whole ecosystem into a "bad
           | neighborhood."
        
             | than3 wrote:
             | I'd add, polish often means different things to different
             | people. For example, failure planning and risk management
             | often only happen when there is funding.
             | 
             | There also was no content moderation.
        
             | flyinghamster wrote:
             | > Decentralization is a business problem, not a technical
             | problem. Engineers tend not to see this because we're
             | engineers and so we see technical problems first.
             | 
             | > Usenet had no economic model. All the problems you list
             | are solvable if there were funding available to solve them.
             | 
             | You hit the nail on the head. Usenet was very much a "back
             | channel" in its early history, with school and corporate IT
             | people setting up feeds on the quiet. Indeed, it began
             | outside the Internet, using dialup UUCP links to exchange
             | news and mail.
             | 
             | Email addresses were "bang paths" where you had to route
             | your mail to its destination. If your outside mail gateway
             | was foovax, an outgoing address might be like
             | "foovax!decwrl!ihnp4!uiucuxa!example" instead of
             | "example@uiucuxa.uiuc.edu". In posts, it was a convention
             | to specify your email address path from one of the famous
             | well-connected sites.
             | 
             | One of the biggest early players was (surprise) Bell Labs.
             | If the name "ihnp4" rings a bell to you, you might be as
             | old or older than me. :) That was a central hub for the
             | UUCP network, both news and mail. I wonder if any AT&T bean
             | counters knew about it back in the day, or, getting back to
             | the original point, how many bean counters found out about
             | Usenet in their respective companies and forced it out?
        
         | liotier wrote:
         | > without central authority over who could connect to the
         | network or firm control over groups and their contents
         | 
         | Moderation. In public forums, everything else is trivial and
         | moderation is the invisible stinking hairy elephant in the
         | room. To the question "why isn't there a decentralized open
         | protocol free software X" the answer is moderation. Think or it
         | as the discreet but efficient bouncers without which a
         | sufficiently popular public place cannot maintain a welcoming
         | atmosphere. Newsgroups became sufficiently popular, death by
         | inadequate moderation ensued.
        
           | phpisthebest wrote:
           | This is a very elaborate way of saying people became too thin
           | skinned and needed a safe space, to be protected from free
           | expression.
           | 
           | Lots of people like to claim they support the idea of free
           | speech, only then then list 100's of things they want to
           | ban...
           | 
           | Usenet could not survive because the public does not have any
           | respect for free speech and actively wants to prohibit any
           | speech they disagree with or find uncomfortable
        
             | michael1999 wrote:
             | Your summary is incorrect, and insulting. That is not how
             | it happened. The old academic usenet was more than content
             | to discuss sensitive topics. The problem with post-
             | September usenet was spam.
             | 
             | Small groups were ok. As soon as a group had any reasonable
             | traffic, the spammers moved it. Since the spammers didn't
             | care about conversation, they didn't need to maintain
             | stable identify and evaded killfiles. They could quickly
             | drowning out the topic with 10x ads. Not wanting this is
             | not about being uncomfortable - it was about swimming in
             | 90% garbage ads.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | This is the main thing IMO.
               | 
               | Usenet went from students posting at a modest number of
               | elite schools, .mil sites, and a relative handful of tech
               | companies--often under their real name--to the Eternal
               | September and beyond. Like many problems with the
               | Internet over the years which occurred because systems
               | that grew up on the assumption of mostly trustworthy
               | actors.
        
               | pierat wrote:
               | > Your summary is incorrect, and insulting. That is not
               | how it happened. The old academic usenet was more than
               | content to discuss sensitive topics.
               | 
               | I see no insult towards you, or anyone else in
               | particular. In fact, to the opposite, others here are
               | saying Usenet died due to _lack_ of content moderation -
               | aka other people enforcing their will on others.
               | 
               | > The problem with post-September usenet was spam.
               | 
               | Now I know you're just guessing. The 'September that
               | never ended' was when AoL peered with internet gateways
               | to bring everyone on the AoL network to the internet,
               | along with knowing little about computers or anything.
               | "Me too" was around then, as a derogatory comment of what
               | an AOLer would say. Even Weird Al in "All about the
               | Pentiums" had a line to put them down like Old Yeller.
               | 
               | Usenet really died in 2007 winter-2008 Spring, when all
               | major ISPs killed their subscriber Usenet servers. They
               | never officially stated why, but grumbles that made it
               | out in the systems engineering folk were that it was
               | alt.binaries were eating up loads of bandwidth, and much
               | of it was 100% piracy.
               | 
               | Spam was a thing, but most of us used good NNCP clients
               | that removed a good 90+% of spam. And having lived
               | through when Usenet was ubiquitous, I fully reject your
               | hypothesis.
               | 
               | And you might want to consider taking conversations here
               | more impersonally. Feeling "insulted" over a comment that
               | was directed to nobody in particular isn't healthy.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | Towards the late 2000s, alt.binaries was irrelevant to
               | consumer ISPs etc, as it was not available. It was
               | trivial for any systems engineer to exclude
               | alt.binaries.* from their news server, and most did.
        
             | mavhc wrote:
             | More it was overwhelmed with bad actors spamming
             | everything, and no way to stop that.
             | 
             | Free speech is not about letting you post your conspiracy
             | theory in the wrong group
        
               | phpisthebest wrote:
               | I can see you are a "I support free speech but [except]"
               | and then proceed to explain that you do not actually
               | support free speech
        
               | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
               | What if someone followed you around and just kept saying
               | "You're a cunt. You're a cunt. You're a cunt." over and
               | over?
               | 
               | Any time you're not on private property. "You're a cunt".
               | 
               | Is that free speech?
               | 
               | I mean, I'm allowed to be on public property. I'm allowed
               | to say whatever I want. Exercising those two rights means
               | I'm allowed to follow you around and call you a cunt.
               | 
               | You'd probably try to say "No, that's harassment". Aye,
               | but now you've agreed there _should_ be limits on speech.
        
               | IndySun wrote:
               | >What if someone followed you around and just kept saying
               | "You're a cunt. You're a cunt. You're a cunt." over and
               | over?
               | 
               | Free Speech is just that. It's not freedom from
               | consequences too.
        
               | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
               | Not sure how the "Freedom from consequences" bit enters
               | the conversation here.
               | 
               | "Free Speech" that has consequences from the government
               | isn't free speech. The "Freedom from consequences" has to
               | do with private entities reacting to your speech. For
               | example, asking you to leave the premises or getting
               | banned.
        
               | fluoridation wrote:
               | When people say that there should be no restrictions on
               | speech, it's usually about _content_ , not _manner_. No
               | free speech absolutist would think it 's acceptable to
               | tell someone "you're a wonderful person" through a 600 dB
               | speaker (if it was possible to construct such a device).
               | If I scream at you so loudly that it liquefies your
               | organs, I don't think that the fact the sound happened to
               | form words makes the act any less harmful. Why should it
               | be any different with harassment?
        
               | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
               | > If I scream at you so loudly that it liquefies your
               | organs
               | 
               | At that point, the "speech" is objectively harmful.
               | 
               | > Why should it be any different with harassment?
               | 
               | Free Speech absolutionists act as if words on their own
               | are not harmful, such there's no such thing as verbal
               | harassment.
               | 
               | Look at the sibling comment [0]. phpisthebest actually
               | claims that being followed and told "You're a cunt"
               | repeatedly would be amusing.
               | 
               | [0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36202392
        
               | phpisthebest wrote:
               | If they have that kind of time, and no life I would find
               | that rather amusing...
               | 
               | I am sure they would tire of it long before I would get
               | offended by it. and I can assure you I would could, and
               | have responded far more decisive and penetrating
               | insults...
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | If there's one thing we've learned from the last two-
               | decades-odd of the Internet being ubiquitous, it's that
               | one cannot, in fact, outlast the harassers. They organize
               | and they take shifts. They can keep the harassment going
               | as long as it takes. They can keep it up until you are
               | dead. And they can do it at scale.
               | 
               | That's why cutting off their ability to do it through
               | various channels is so important.
        
               | mikestew wrote:
               | Before you wrap yourself too tightly in the 1st Amendment
               | to the Constitution of the U. S., perhaps it would be
               | helpful if you defined what "free speech" means to you.
               | Because repeatedly typing "no true Scotsman..." doesn't
               | do much to move the conversation along, and definitions
               | obviously differ.
               | 
               | For example, I feel that you can say what you like, just
               | not in my living room. Free speech does not guarantee an
               | audience.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | Billy Joel's rule: "You are free to speak your mind, but
               | not on my time."
               | 
               | That is, sure, you can speak to whoever wants to listen.
               | You can't make anyone want to listen, though - including,
               | you can't make a forum want to listen. It wants to talk
               | about gardening, and you want to talk about the latest
               | Covid conspiracy theories? Great, knock yourself out,
               | talk about your conspiracy theories - but not on the
               | gardening forum.
               | 
               | See, I _support_ free speech. I support their freedom to
               | talk about gardening without having to wade through a
               | bunch of conspiracy theory posts.  "Post anything
               | anywhere" reduces actual communication - willing speakers
               | finding willing listeners - because the listeners give up
               | rather than wade through a bunch of garbage that they
               | don't care about. I support their freedom to talk about
               | gardening without getting drowned out.
        
               | phpisthebest wrote:
               | But here the question is who is doing the controlling
               | 
               | Usenet is a open protocol, not a forum that someone owns.
               | So if you support moderation on open protocol then you
               | support most likely systemic, or worse government
               | censorship. Not someone controlling their own property
               | 
               | With Usenet there was plenty of tools (just like with
               | email today) to block spam, content, users etc at the
               | client level if an individual did not want to see certain
               | speech.
               | 
               | With time those tools would have improved just like they
               | have with email
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | > So if you support moderation on open protocol then you
               | support most likely systemic, or worse government
               | censorship.
               | 
               | Feel free to stop telling me what I support. You're lousy
               | at it.
               | 
               | If a protocol is open, that doesn't mean that my servers
               | are. I'm moderating my servers, not the protocol or the
               | traffic carried using the protocol. (In the same way, you
               | don't control who drives by your house, but you control
               | who's allowed in the door.)
               | 
               | I don't want systemic censorship of speech (including by
               | ISPs). I don't want government censorship of speech. But
               | I support the right of servers to say "I'm not carrying
               | that". And I support the right of a community to have a
               | space that is public _to that community_ , and yet to
               | keep stuff that they don't want out of it. And I support
               | the right of those who don't agree to go form _their own_
               | community, and to decide for themselves what the rules
               | are for _their_ community. And all of this can happen on
               | open protocols without systemic or government censorship.
               | 
               | Specifically on usenet, you could have, say,
               | alt.hobby.gardening, and have it get overrun by spam, and
               | have alt.hobby.gardening_moderated start up with
               | moderation to keep the spam out. And if you don't like
               | it, and want to post your conspiracy rants, go post them
               | on alt.hobby.gardening with all the spam that nobody
               | reads. Knock yourself out. Or go start
               | alt.hobby.gardening_conspiracy, or whatever. But let the
               | gardening nuts have _their_ space without your rants.
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | I, for one, own that label.
               | 
               | I support free speech except in some circumstances where
               | curtailing it makes almost everyone's lives better.
               | 
               | Where I support it to the most extreme: criticizing the
               | government.
               | 
               | Where I want it most throttled: my own living room, so I
               | can have some peace and quiet.
               | 
               | I think most functioning adults have a similar spectrum
               | of allow / deny and aren't absolutists on the topic.
               | 
               | And, I mean... I don't think we need to look deep into
               | the history of the Internet to see that becoming the
               | dominant pattern. USENET failed. Email without
               | spamblockers failed. Every forum either eventually adopts
               | moderation policies or goes underground where barely any
               | casual user hears of its existence.
               | 
               | The user interprets lack of censorship as damaged and
               | routes away from it.
        
               | phpisthebest wrote:
               | Here we have a fundemental problem
               | 
               | It is often NOT the users of the platforms that want
               | censorship, it is users of another platform, targeting
               | something they do not like on the internet, and then
               | going after underlying structures be it ISP's, DDOS
               | services, Domain Registrars, Hosting providers, Credit
               | Card Processors, etc etc etc
               | 
               | We have plenty of examples of this on the internet, where
               | it is not the users of the sites that want something
               | censored, but 3rd party actors using systemic pressure on
               | critical infrastructure to effect the censorship
               | 
               | You have this utopia where someone puts up a gardening
               | forum and the users or even the owner of the forums says
               | "We do not allow talk about Politics here"...
               | 
               | Where in reality someone sets up a political forum,
               | someone posts something, then someone on Twitter,
               | Facebook, Insta, etc gets offended and starts a campaign
               | to have CloudFlare, or AWS ban them.
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | Yep. It's a pretty clever approach, and I for one am in
               | hindsight surprised that it took this long for people to
               | realize that the system is a network and is therefore
               | vulnerable to network dependency attacks.
               | 
               | This is not necessarily a bad thing. Nazis, for example,
               | deserve no platform and if companies decide to revoke
               | service when they discover they're serving Nazis that's
               | their prerogative. It can be abused, especially given
               | that the largest players in the space are going to trend
               | sensitive to controversy... But the internet has become
               | embedded deeply enough in our lives that people can no
               | longer enjoy the pretty fantasy of the neutral service
               | provider; IBM got away with it in World War 2 and that's
               | generally pointed to as a moral failing these days.
               | 
               | If people are calling for enforced neutrality, they're
               | really calling for government regulation (who else would
               | enforce the neutrality?) which is its own can of worms.
        
               | phpisthebest wrote:
               | >Nazis, for example,
               | 
               | Then you have the problem of labeling everyone that
               | disagrees with you a "nazi" for example just because they
               | favor strong border laws, and immigration controls, or
               | oppose social justice and ESG "capitalism" or other such
               | things
               | 
               | Or the true crime of having a difference of opinion with
               | a trans person...
               | 
               | >>This is not necessarily a bad thing.
               | 
               | yes it is a bad thing, it will always be a bad thing,
               | even if doing to to actual nazi's not the new age
               | defination of "nazi's" which seemly is anyone that
               | happened to vote for Trump, or holds conservative
               | political positions.
               | 
               | >>If people are calling for enforced neutrality, they're
               | really calling for government regulation
               | 
               | yes and no, depends on what we are talking about
               | 
               | Are we talking about an already heavily regulated
               | industry like banking. This yes 100% I am calling for
               | enforced neutrality. JP Morgan Chase, nor MasterCard
               | should be able to refuse business to someone for the
               | protected political speech.
               | 
               | Services like AWS, or CloudFlare.... No I would not call
               | for supported regulation but then we come full circle
               | back to loss of cultural support for Free Expression
               | 
               | There was a time were the ACLU would defend the KKK's
               | right to speak, We should return to those days, where the
               | axiom was "I disagree with you but I will defends your
               | right to say it"
               | 
               | If we at the point was the population is pushing for AWS
               | to de-platform competitors of Twitter because of
               | disagreements over politics we are not far removed from
               | government censorship
               | 
               | The reality is you would likely support both, as you
               | clear abhor actual free speech
               | 
               | This is also why Elon's purchase of Twitter was so
               | critical and 100% support his efforts.
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | > The reality is you would likely support both, as you
               | clear abhor actual free speech
               | 
               | Broadly speaking, I'm a fan of the marketplace of ideas.
               | That marketplace includes boycotts, callouts, and choices
               | by private individuals to provide or revoke a platform
               | for someone else to speak in their space. Freedom of the
               | press has never implied that everyone gets a free press.
               | 
               | > which seemly is anyone that happened to vote for Trump,
               | or holds conservative political positions.
               | 
               | Hacker News isn't really a great venue for that kind of
               | discussion. But there's a reason the pushback on him and
               | his supporters has been so strong relative to previous
               | politicians. He and his supporters actually do represent
               | something fundamentally caustic to the American body
               | politic. https://www.bu.edu/articles/2022/are-trump-
               | republicans-fasci...
        
               | phpisthebest wrote:
               | >>That marketplace includes boycotts, callouts, and
               | choices by private individuals to provide
               | 
               | Which means I am sure you support the ongoing boycotts
               | happening to BudLight and Target? Or are boycotts only
               | for one side?
               | 
               | > Freedom of the press has never implied that everyone
               | gets a free press.
               | 
               | The problem here is when the government subsides the
               | people that makes the press, regulates the people that
               | makes the press, and limits the who and produce presses
               | it ceases to be a free market, and becomes a regulated
               | market
               | 
               | One can make the case, that since the internet was
               | started by the government (dod) and regulated for decades
               | by the government (Dept of Commerce Via ICANN), and tons
               | of subsidies ISP;s have gotten and continue to get,
               | locations where the internet is a government service, and
               | tons of other factors that the idea that the internet is
               | a purely free market is clearly a false narrative
               | 
               | One often used for convince when it meets peoples
               | political goals, and then the second that freedom is not
               | aligned with their goals anymore.
               | 
               | Further when it comes to consumer boycotts, you have to
               | actually be a consumer, 99% of the people that have
               | effective policy changes at CloudFlare and AWS have never
               | spent a single dime at either of those services.
               | 
               | Today cancel culture is something more than just a
               | boycott, it is something new not seen before in human
               | civilization, and it is a huge threat to not only freedom
               | of expression but freedom in general
               | 
               | I am unclear why people do not get that.
        
               | amadeuspagel wrote:
               | > Where I support it to the most extreme: criticizing the
               | government.
               | 
               | > Where I want it most throttled: my own living room, so
               | I can have some peace and quiet.
               | 
               | This is a category error. What if someone wants to
               | criticize the government in your living room?
        
               | lanstin wrote:
               | They are free to buy a living room and criticize away. My
               | living room, I am allowed to determine whom to allow and
               | whom not to allow in. And I would like to find online
               | spaces where the loser spam (both commercial and
               | ideological) are kept out, so I can find the speech I am
               | interested in. Why is this desire felt as oppressive by
               | so many?
        
               | Shared404 wrote:
               | > Why is this desire felt as oppressive by so many?
               | 
               | Because they're the spam being kept out.
        
               | lanstin wrote:
               | What you are calling free speech is boring to the
               | audience. Usenet died because the endless unfiltered spam
               | and shit posting was boring compared to slashdot and then
               | reddit and then here.
        
             | compiler-guy wrote:
             | This is level 5 of the Content Moderation Speedrun.
             | 
             | https://www.techdirt.com/2022/11/02/hey-elon-let-me-help-
             | you...
        
           | Scarblac wrote:
           | There was moderation. There was even a newsgroup that
           | probably has some overlap with here that required you to
           | circumvent it in order to post.
        
           | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
           | Obviously, this is why 4chan died back in 2012. If only they
           | had moderation, they might still be around today.
        
             | dopa42365 wrote:
             | 4chan has a million jannies, it's heavily moderated...
        
             | amadeuspagel wrote:
             | 4chan has moderation.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | They're a special niche, and I believe they've been forked
             | multiple times over moderation disasters resulting in 8chan
             | etc.
             | 
             | If 4chan "breaks cover" into the mainstream in the way
             | that, say, Facebook has, it will make for some very
             | entertaining Congressional hearings.
        
           | pierat wrote:
           | "Moderation" is a terrible excuse used by the corporate types
           | as a reason to stick in their safe walled gardens.
           | 
           | We had moderation on Usenet. It was simple, but damn, did it
           | work. We had plonka lists (client selected ignored users),
           | keyword scoring, server level scoring, some anti-spam. There
           | was EARLY work in Bayesian filters built in to clients, but
           | was too late for the "big event". (When ISP's everywhere
           | killed Usenet servers, for what is pretty surely assumed as
           | anti-piracy.)
           | 
           | But lets look corporate moderation. It's done in secret, with
           | vague rules that may or may not be stated, and by content
           | moderation farms that use and abuse people.
           | https://www.wired.co.uk/article/facebook-content-
           | moderators-... . Or worse yet, you fool people in faux-
           | ownership (reddit) and get them to do your moderation for
           | you. Well, that is unless you do a bad job and get your
           | subreddit banned for "low/no moderation".
           | 
           | I'd much rather see everything, and craft my own blocklists
           | as I see fit. You know, just like Mastodon. Sure, there's
           | some fediblocks at admin-level over pervasive content from a
           | single server. But aside admin tasks, its pretty damn sweet.
           | And it's loads better than the shit that happens over on
           | Twitter, Reddit, or Facebook.
        
             | ranger207 wrote:
             | Moderation isn't only about removing bad content, it's
             | about removing content that's not necessarily bad but is
             | unwanted. /r/gaming and /r/games are entirely different
             | subreddits, with different content focuses and different
             | communities because of their moderation. If I really wanted
             | junk food content consumption I can go to /r/gaming. If I
             | want to see news about video games I can go to /r/games.
             | How do you accomplish that with client side filtering?
             | /r/games has Indie Sunday where developers can post their
             | own games on Sunday without competition from news about the
             | massive AAA games everyone's already heard of. How do you
             | accomplish that with client side filtering?
        
             | liotier wrote:
             | We, the technologically literate, are not the target
             | audience. Client-side filtering requires awareness of
             | client-side filtering. How many Reddit users want that ?
             | Facebook users ? Oh, maybe they want to fine-tune their
             | scoring rules library or tweak they bayesian filters - so
             | much fun ! And lacking social intelligence, client-side
             | filtering fails against organized harassment. By the way,
             | who is liable for infractions to the local law ?
             | 
             | Enter the party, meet regulars, meet new faces, enjoy a
             | drink and don't even think about safety. Sure, you can
             | manage it yourself for a birthday party at your home but at
             | larger scales even the wild rave party thrown in an
             | abandoned hangar out there will have some form of
             | institutionalized enforcement, even if they are not
             | corporate security.
             | 
             | Yes, that means that successful large public places tend
             | towards bland - the same reason why successful edgy
             | underground dives are small affairs and their character
             | can't survive growth.
        
               | pierat wrote:
               | > We, the technologically literate, are not the target
               | audience.
               | 
               | Highly disagree. It's the early adopters of ANY platform,
               | hardware, or whatever that drive real organic demand and
               | adoption. And those early adopters ARE exactly that:
               | technologically literate.
               | 
               | Alienating that group is how you get relegated to the
               | "Digg v4" area of history.
               | 
               | > How many Reddit users want that ? Facebook users ? Oh,
               | maybe they want to fine-tune their scoring rules library
               | or tweak they bayesian filters - so much fun !
               | 
               | How many Facebook or Reddit users even HAVE the
               | capability of client side anything? The big threads are
               | that Reddit's killing most API access unless you pay a
               | pound of flesh. And Facebook does enough horrible things
               | in their coding that makes it impossible to even screen-
               | scrape. The text "Sponsored" shows up as shittery like
               | "essprnodo".
               | 
               | For those gated islands, you'd need _their_ permission to
               | really do any sort of client side anything.
               | 
               | Places like Mastodon make blocking trivial. Ive shared
               | that link, and no, you don't need to know about Bayseian
               | weights or whatever new mod scheme you want to make. Its
               | there, the initial functions are easy-peasy, and the API
               | hooks are there to add whatever you want.
               | 
               | > And lacking social intelligence, client-side filtering
               | fails against organized harassment.
               | 
               | And that _already_ is a major problem on the corporate
               | side. Reddit calls it  "brigading". HN has chill-down
               | scripts to defuse flamewars. Twitter, Facebook, and
               | Reddit all have mass-reporting as harassment. There's
               | even current 4Chan threads to organize just that. Sure
               | seems like an unsolved problem, not just "unsolved for
               | federated systems".
               | 
               | > By the way, who is liable for infractions to the local
               | law ?
               | 
               | Irrelevant. Someone in another area could read content
               | that is illegal to them. That's *their* responsibility,
               | not mine. As long as I follow the laws in my jurisdiction
               | and where my server is located, I'm fine. And 17 USC 512
               | covers me as long as I do good-faith DMCA process.
               | 
               | > <example of comparing physical real world with
               | raves/alcohol/drugs with online "dangers">
               | 
               | And in your latter half, your other problem is that
               | you're equating online "safety" with in-person bodily
               | safety with alcohol and drugs. Those 2 aren't even
               | remotely the same, and its laughable that you'd try to
               | compare them.
               | 
               | If someone is coming on to you in a sexual manner, and
               | your "No" isnt effectively heard or acknowledged, you
               | have a big problem. If someone uploads a bad image (say,
               | animal torture, for something abhorrent), you can block
               | the user, the server, report the user to their/your
               | server admins. You can also choose not to show images.
               | It's terrible, but physical assault is no comparison to a
               | bad image or terrible text.
        
               | ipaddr wrote:
               | Someone in another area could read content that is
               | illegal to them. That's _their_ responsibility, not mine
               | 
               | Unless you serve people from the EU or sell things to US
               | customers like bitcoin.
        
               | tracker1 wrote:
               | There's no reason a private/paid service addon to a
               | client can't work for filtering. Been thinking similarly
               | for Mastadon, in that you can pretty easily have a gated
               | experience, and get top ranking for Android/iOS client
               | use with a monthly service that includes filtering with
               | relatively sane defaults, but toggle-able
               | filtering/reporting.
               | 
               | You can use fdroid, webapps or side-load the "full"
               | unfiltered client but the experience for the normies
               | would be that paid app experience. And I say paid app to
               | avoid the pitfall that is advertising fed results.
        
           | dragontamer wrote:
           | There were plenty of well moderated newsgroups actually.
           | 
           | A moderated newsgroup had all messages going through the
           | moderator's system, with their programs deciding whether or
           | not the message should be forwarded to the rest of the
           | newsgroup. This doesn't necessarily mean that a human read
           | all messages either.
           | 
           | Some of the oldest flamewars I've participated in are about
           | moderated vs unmoderated USENET newsgroups. It amuses me that
           | we're still debating the issue today.
        
             | amadeuspagel wrote:
             | What kind of moderation programs were people using then?
             | Word filters? I can't imagine anything that isn't both easy
             | to circumvent and likely to catch innocent posts merely
             | quoting a "bad" word.
        
               | dragontamer wrote:
               | I wasn't "tech awakened" at this time, so I simply didn't
               | know which programs were used.
               | 
               | What I can say is that plenty of spammers would have one
               | or two posts on Newsgroups, before the mods would catch
               | them and ban their email address.
               | 
               | Depending on the Newsgroup, I'm sometimes "new users"
               | would have all of their posts reviewed before their posts
               | were forwarded to everyone else. But after being added to
               | some kind of whitelist, they could say whatever they
               | wanted (well, until a flamewar caused them to go over the
               | line and get banned).
               | 
               | So similar tools as moderators use today on Reddit / IRC
               | / whatever. Or at least, it felt like that to me. Maybe
               | it differed in implementation, but the overall effect was
               | the same.
        
               | jghn wrote:
               | People used Killfiles [1]
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kill_file
        
               | dragontamer wrote:
               | I don't think a "kill file" was the same as "moderation".
               | 
               | A kill file is "User X is tired of seeing User Y, so X
               | stops reading posts from Y". Everyone else can still read
               | Y.
               | 
               | A moderator is "Moderator is tired of seeing User Y, so Y
               | cannot post to Newsgroup anymore". A much stronger
               | action.
               | 
               | ---------
               | 
               | Its been a few decades since I was part of any Usenet
               | though. So maybe I'm mis-remembering the lingo. Or are
               | you saying that the moderators used kill-files that
               | somehow applied to the whole newsgroup?
               | 
               | Because... the later would make sense. But I really don't
               | know how things worked back then.
        
               | Zak wrote:
               | There's a third layer: the servers. Newsgroups relied on
               | servers propagating messages to other servers as well as
               | delivering them to end users, and they could have various
               | types of filters.
               | 
               | The same sort of model exists in modern distributed
               | systems like Mastodon/ActivityPub. I can block a user
               | from another server or an entire server individually, or
               | my server admin can block them from communicating with
               | anyone on my server.
               | 
               | What's missing that I think will be required for anything
               | that gets popular enough is a means of sharing blocklists
               | automatically, preferably with some machine-readable
               | details so that they're useful even when servers have
               | different rules (e.g. I want to subscribe to bans from
               | Foo if the ban is for hate speech, but not for porn).
        
               | pm215 wrote:
               | The machinery for a moderated newsgroup works by the news
               | server you post an article to having a list of moderator
               | email addresses for moderated groups. Instead of posting
               | your article the server emails it to the moderator. The
               | mod will then either just discard it, or else post it to
               | their own news server with an Approved header to say it's
               | moderated (and these days some crypto signing stuff).
               | Then the post gets propagated as usual.
               | 
               | The "approve/deny/edit" stuff is handled by moderation
               | software, which in principle can do anything you like.
        
               | jghn wrote:
               | No, killfiles were at an individual level. But they were
               | more than "I'm tired of seeing User Y", as you could also
               | plonk text patterns and the like.
               | 
               | IIRC group-wide moderation was handled per-post in that
               | every post was approved by hand.
        
               | dragontamer wrote:
               | > IIRC group-wide moderation was handled per-post in that
               | every post was approved by hand.
               | 
               | Definitely not. The kinds of "mistakes" I've seen in
               | moderation back then suggests that the process was highly
               | automated.
               | 
               | Moderated Usenet is way more similar to modern Reddit
               | than people probably realize.
        
               | redprince wrote:
               | Several programs are available to do it: https://www.big-
               | 8.org/wiki/Moderated_Newsgroups#Moderation_S...
               | 
               | The type and quality of moderation is up to the
               | moderation team. Might be automatic, might involve a
               | review by a human for each post.
               | 
               | As someone else already mentioned, there are groups which
               | were configured to be moderated but have no moderators at
               | all to approve posts. Either they disappeared or there
               | never were any. To participate in these groups you have
               | to set the "Approved:" header in your post yourself.
               | Obviously that would also be the way to circumvent the
               | moderation process for any other moderated group. The
               | countermeasure is that the moderators send out a cancel
               | control message which instructs all the newsservers
               | receiving it or at least those who honor cancel messages,
               | to delete this specific message.
        
               | spfzero wrote:
               | It wasn't like programmers were less creative or
               | productive than they are now. The languages were fully
               | capable of doing anything on a server you could do now.
               | It was mostly C. Programmers were creative and smart,
               | just like now, and could implement anything, albeit
               | ground-up since there were fewer existing building blocks
               | to reuse.
               | 
               | A lot of sophisticated anti-spam software depended on
               | some sophisticated anti-anti-spam showing up first, and
               | there is a lot more of that now for sure.
        
               | amadeuspagel wrote:
               | Even now forums rely on manual after-the-fact moderation
               | and not just algorithmic pre-moderation.
        
         | boramalper wrote:
         | Relevant: The ecosystem is moving (Challenges for distributed
         | and decentralized technology from the perspective of Signal
         | development)
         | 
         | https://media.ccc.de/v/36c3-11086-the_ecosystem_is_moving
        
         | shadowgovt wrote:
         | The old chestnut "The Net interprets censorship as damage and
         | routes around it" referred specifically to USENET if I recall
         | correctly; it is often mis-applied to the Internet itself or to
         | other services. But it referred to the notion that since USENET
         | servers just routed their stash of stories to any node that
         | requested them, censorship was functionally a non-starter; if
         | you (the node owner) wanted content that some other node owner
         | was squelching, you could request it from another node.
         | 
         | But it turns out that model had some major flaws. Nowadays, one
         | could say the 'net interprets _lack_ of censorship as offensive
         | and migrates away from it. If there 's one thing the
         | experiments after USENET (from Slashdot to Mastodon) suggest,
         | it's that people on average _want_ some control (and don 't on
         | average want the burden of being their own moderator for every
         | damn bitstream that comes down the pipe).
        
           | bitwize wrote:
           | The net interprets hate as noise and filters it out.
           | 
           | At least, that's the goal.
        
         | sleepybrett wrote:
         | Interested to see if we find these negatives paralleled in the
         | fediverse.
        
       | Earw0rm wrote:
       | Usenet was - by the standards of the early 00's, which is when it
       | began to decline - slow, and asynchronous. Posts could take hours
       | to days to propagate, which meant conversation threads would go
       | off in multiple directions at once.
       | 
       | Technology that was transformative during the BBS-to-early-
       | internet transition became a liability ten years on.
       | 
       | Slashdot, PHPBB and later on Reddit offered synchronous, low-
       | latency, single-point-of-truth updates to thread/post order.
       | 
       | The promise of self-configured "agents" for content filtering
       | never really caught on - they were too time-consuming for anyone
       | bar a few geeks and academics to manage. The social media "feed"
       | is an evolution of the same idea, but there's not really any
       | self-configuration - instead the system is programmed by the
       | platform's owners to adapt to your behavioural feedback.
        
         | radicalbyte wrote:
         | I disagree: between 1994-5 and about 2005 I made heavy use of a
         | "private" NNTP server (for the Edge Magazine forums).
         | 
         | Compared to early web forums it was super fast - you could sync
         | all of the messages in about two minutes. Then you could
         | disconnect your modem, read + reply etc. Then go online an hour
         | later to send reply + update the feed.
         | 
         | Broadband changed the game: once the internet was fast and
         | always-on then web forums pretty much took over.
         | 
         | We lost something though: the beauty of NNTP was that you could
         | easily keep your own archive of discussions of the groups you
         | were interested in. Search worked and it as offline. Oh and no
         | adverts or tracking!
        
           | Earw0rm wrote:
           | I'm talking about server to server message propagation, not
           | client/server - agreed, the Usenet clients were much faster
           | and had better feature-sets than any web forum running on
           | Netscape or the early versions of IE. That part was great,
           | but messages could take hours to even days to propagate
           | across the whole network. The sync-reply-upload work flow was
           | indeed useful - especially so in countries where you had to
           | pay by the minute to be online.
        
             | slyall wrote:
             | I'm going to call "mostly wrong" on the server-to-server
             | propagation.
             | 
             | By 2000 the NNTP mesh was very interconnected and fast.
             | Sites competed[1] to get messages propagated fast.
             | Especially text messages.
             | 
             | Any site hooked into the mesh was going to be offered any
             | article multiple times within seconds of it being posted.
             | 
             | Slow articles would happen but only during outages or with
             | sites that were not following good practice.
             | 
             | [1] Via http://top1000.anthologeek.net/
        
             | radicalbyte wrote:
             | Absolutely - the federated case (I was rather active on the
             | tolkien, c64 and various computing groups) was terrible. We
             | used to use email lists for real discussion with plain text
             | messages (shame that isn't a thing anymore).
             | 
             | It was an excellent experience in the non-federated case.
        
             | inopinatus wrote:
             | * * *
        
             | EdwardDiego wrote:
             | That reminds me of the days of FidoNet [0] and Barren
             | Realms Elite [1] where the inter-BBS propagation delay made
             | your BBS's attacks on another BBS even more tense and
             | exciting, and well, it felt realistic that sending your
             | forces to another "planet" took time to happen and for
             | results to be reported.
             | 
             | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FidoNet
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.johndaileysoftware.com/products/bbsdoors/b
             | arrenr...
        
         | listenallyall wrote:
         | > Slashdot, PHPBB and later on Reddit offered synchronous, low-
         | latency, single-point-of-truth updates to thread/post order.
         | 
         | ...and reputation/karma, avatars, post counts, moderation,
         | search, categories, emojis, anonymity (email address not
         | exposed), notifications...
        
         | pmoriarty wrote:
         | Web was just the new shiny.
         | 
         | People like the new shiny.
         | 
         | Forum posts also had embedded images, and didn't require
         | installing/configuring/maintaining a separate application.. all
         | you needed was your web browser.
        
         | TylerE wrote:
         | What really killed it was alt.binaries.*. Vastly bloated
         | bandwidth/storage requirements, so ISPs either killed NNTP
         | altogther, or stopped giving a crap and you'd start, like,
         | randomly dropping 10% of messages, which amounts to the same
         | thing.
        
           | vikingerik wrote:
           | I don't think this was true. It was entirely common practice
           | for an ISP to ignore alt.binaries but carry all the rest of
           | Usenet fairly reliably. To the point where users would rebuke
           | each other for posting binary content in a non alt.binaries
           | hierarchy, lest the ISPs detect that as a stealth binary
           | group and drop that too.
           | 
           | What killed Usenet was as the parent said - users are better
           | served by the centralized management and reliability of a web
           | forum, they don't need or care about decentralization and
           | peering. The same thing happened for Discord and Slack
           | replacing IRC.
        
             | radicalbyte wrote:
             | Discord/Slack replaced IRC because IRC ran over a set of
             | ports which could (and would) be blocked by almost every
             | corporate firewall. I still remember the day that my
             | friendly Systems Administrator left and the new guy nuked
             | our IRC access :(
        
               | quickthrower2 wrote:
               | Probably the reason that took over is they are well
               | funded and have marketing and/or salespeople. And they
               | have emojis, file uploads, etc and they are just
               | generally easier to use. Not that IRC is hard, but it is
               | geeky enough.
        
           | EdwardDiego wrote:
           | Yep, and the entirety of Usenet became associated in the
           | minds of ISPs with piracy.
        
       | anigbrowl wrote:
       | It didn't fail, it's just that GUI chat UIs like AOL and later
       | web forums were more visually attractive, and were able to
       | incorporate graphics. Usenet relied on uuencode for any sort of
       | binary attachment which was a pain in the ass. There was also a
       | high degree of snobbishness that made it unwelcoming to new
       | users, who naturally went to other fora where they weren't
       | treated like children.
       | 
       | The other problem was spam. Usenet had excellent
       | moderation/blocking capabilities for the time ('welcome to my
       | killfile' was the last thing many trolls heard from a person),
       | but relied on a general consensus that spam is cancer. Then
       | Laurence Canter and Martha Siegel single-handedly broke usenet in
       | one afternoon nearly 30 years ago, and I still feel annoyed
       | whenever I think of them. People like this exemplify everything
       | that is toxic about capitalism.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Canter_and_Martha_Sie...
        
         | lanstin wrote:
         | There was an AOL newsgroup reader, curtesy of Jeff Warrington.
         | The AOL posters were mostly still treated like children, but
         | not unfairly.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | zmix wrote:
       | I don't think Usenet failed. It declined. It was a platform for
       | "first hour" internet users, the early "internet natives", mostly
       | nerds, like us.
       | 
       | When the masses appeared on the "intarwebs" the web would be the
       | place to go, with all it's flashy hypermedia and uniform way of
       | use (no separate client needed, same philosophy, etc.)
       | 
       | The Usenet simply got replaced by web forums.
        
       | NoZebra120vClip wrote:
       | It seems that "failure" is a rather strong word.
       | 
       | Usenet served its purpose at a point in time and then faded into
       | obscurity, though it keeps chugging away in a niche, appealing to
       | some.
       | 
       | It's like saying that IRC failed.
       | 
       | What forum community, social network or media platform has been
       | permanent and outlasted everything else? It seems that on every
       | social network, people migrate, people abandon platforms, and
       | losing critical mass can be fatal to the platform, and then it
       | just passes on to the next one, having served its purpose; did
       | MySpace "fail" or did it simply cede the crown to Facebook?
       | 
       | I remember Usenet fondly, though perhaps through rose-colored
       | glasses. It was already full of trolls, flamewars, disruption and
       | discord. Yet I cut my teeth there as a young sysadmin. I listened
       | at the feet of experts, literal prominent experts in the field,
       | who had spare time to just freely share their knowledge, because
       | the Internet was an R&E community! I learned a lot about
       | reputation and trust in the digital age. I gained "Internet
       | street smarts" there.
       | 
       | I believe that it shaped a lot of people's lives, for better or
       | worse, and that's not a failure by any measure.
        
         | shadowgovt wrote:
         | Yep. Protocol-backed stuff on the Internet "fails" the way
         | civilizations "go into decline" in the board game Small World;
         | they aren't removed from the board, but they no longer serve
         | any purpose other than taking up space that the active
         | civilizations haven't taken over yet.
        
           | NoZebra120vClip wrote:
           | Exactly, it's protocol-backed, and that's the beauty of free,
           | open source software and standards. As long as anyone care to
           | maintain the client and/or servers, or even if very old code
           | still works, you have a viable service. It's not a monolith
           | that's beholden to the whims and fortunes of a single
           | corporation that can just shut it down. Consider the enormous
           | outcry when a single company has to shut down an entire
           | platform, like a popular MMO or something, and then compare
           | that to what happens when an IRC network has a schism, like
           | the Freenode controversy: yep there was drama, but everyone
           | took their toys and migrated to an identical network and now
           | we have two.
           | 
           | I come from MUDding communities myself, and there is no
           | shortage of old and crusty wizards who cling to their MUD
           | servers and have kept them open, going on 30 years now!
           | Clients come and go, Internet standards change, and social
           | network fads happen, and we're still playing a game that
           | doesn't bother supporting TLS, MFA, Unicode, or graphics.
           | MUDs never failed, they simply achieved posterity and faded
           | from sight.
        
       | tptacek wrote:
       | I've said this a bunch of times before, but I don't see this take
       | in a lot of Usenet postmortems, and I think it's truer than most
       | of what people say about Usenet.
       | 
       | Piracy killed Usenet.
       | 
       | I ran a Freenix-competitive NNTP installation for a very popular
       | ISP in Chicago in the 1990s. Usenet was by far the most demanding
       | infrastructure we ran: we ran striped RAID arrays, read
       | replicas+, transit servers --- all of this on the only expensive
       | Sun hardware we had in our fleet. At one point, we independently
       | reinvented the INN history cache, and there were a couple sites
       | near the top of the Freenix leaderboard in part due to IRC
       | conversations about our dumb patch. All this is just to say I
       | feel like I have some bona fides here.
       | 
       | Keeping up with the Usenet everybody laments today was not this
       | demanding. You could easily have done it with a Pentium FreeBSD
       | server and a fast disk. But customers wouldn't let you. The open
       | secret about Usenet was that it was a binary distribution system
       | first and a discussion forum second.
       | 
       | Unlike discussion groups, keeping up with full-feed binary groups
       | was a fucking nightmare. Usenet is the stupidest mechanism for
       | distributing binaries you can possibly imagine: just imagine
       | BitTorrent, but entirely Base64'd, and without the forward error
       | correction --- your file was in 100 pieces, and if you lost one
       | of them, you were just fucked. If users couldn't reliably
       | download pirated games or porn from your Usenet servers, they'd
       | loudly complain and tank your reviews for running a bad Usenet
       | setup. And woe betide any ISP that claimed to do NNTP on anything
       | less than a binary full feed.
       | 
       | The rest of the story is obvious. ISP operators had better things
       | to do with their time and money than cater to the small minority
       | of angry cost-center users who used Usenet this way, and so they
       | outsourced Usenet altogether. Usenet centralized because binary
       | groups forced it to, and once it was centralized there was no
       | reason not to just stick it on a website.
       | 
       | Web forums are better than Usenet was back in the day, so
       | arguably, over the long term, not much was really lost. Reddit
       | today is very much like Usenet was like in the mid-1990s, and
       | they at least have a reliable archive. Apart from the archives of
       | my old comp.security.unix posts, all I really miss about Usenet
       | was the competitive systems engineering aspect of it. I'd love to
       | go back in time and take another whack at Usenet knowing some of
       | what I know now; I didn't realize how fun a problem it was at the
       | time: a real system people actually cared about with a
       | leaderboard.
       | 
       | + _These things sound very boring now but were most definitely
       | not boring in 1995._
        
         | kjs3 wrote:
         | _Unlike discussion groups, keeping up with full-feed binary
         | groups was a fucking nightmare._
         | 
         | The nice thing about NNTP was _you didn 't have to carry any
         | group you didn't want to_. We stopped carrying the binary
         | hierarchy and some of the dedicated pr0n groups because of just
         | this sort of administrative pain.
        
         | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
         | Some providers (namely ISPs) simply dropped the binary groups
         | and kept the text ones. So piracy alone is clearly not what
         | killed it. In fact, Usenet really only exists today for piracy,
         | so if anything, piracy actually saved Usenet. Just for a
         | different use case than originally intended.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | I mentioned this in my comment. As a technical matter, you
           | could simply not take binaries. But as a commercial matter,
           | you could not; if you didn't have binary groups, you weren't
           | offering real Usenet (and if your binary feeds weren't ultra-
           | reliable, you were offering shitty Usenet). The result was a
           | consolidation of the platform down to a small number of
           | providers willing to invest large amounts of resources to
           | placate binaries users.
           | 
           | If lots of people aren't running NNTP servers, there's not
           | much reason to use Usenet. By the time Reddit and Digg rolled
           | in, it was no contest.
        
         | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
         | Some providers simply dropped the binary groups and kept the
         | text ones. So piracy alone is clearly not what killed it. In
         | fact, Usenet really only exists today for piracy, so if
         | anything, piracy actually saved Usenet. Just for a different
         | use case than originally intended.
        
         | radicalbyte wrote:
         | Nowadays usenet really is nothing but a binary transfer system.
         | Such a shame.
        
         | rtsil wrote:
         | > your file was in 100 pieces, and if you lost one of them, you
         | were just fucked.
         | 
         | That is, until Parchives were invented.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parchive
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | By the time anybody knew what this was, Usenet was already
           | fucked.
        
       | pmontra wrote:
       | Did Usenet fail or did it succeed until something better came up?
       | 
       | Nobody would say that telegraph failed, do we agree on that? And
       | yet we started using landline phones, fax, email, SMS and all
       | sort of messaging systems on mobile phones.
        
       | groos wrote:
       | Fail? According to Vernor Vinge, it's in use Galaxy-wide 20000+
       | years from now as the Net of a Million Lies.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Fire_Upon_the_Deep
        
       | mattmcknight wrote:
       | I presumed it was spam. It was a system designed for maybe 1
       | million non-commercial users The presence of large numbers of
       | users and commercial users were unmanageable. I used it quite
       | extensive in 1992-6, but after that it was a mostly inferior, and
       | the surviving groups I followed became closed mailing lists.
        
       | vidanay wrote:
       | > Thirdly was the user interface. Usenet looked dull. In a world
       | of animated GIFs and MySpace colour schemes, Usenet didn't even
       | have avatar images! Sure, the spartan nature meant that you could
       | focus on a conversation - but it didn't feel as modern and
       | exciting as the web did. NNTP software was fragile.
       | 
       | Forte Agent was a masterpiece. Change my mind.
        
         | nerdbert wrote:
         | > Usenet didn't even have avatar images!
         | 
         | Now let's not forget my 40-line ASCII-art sigfile.
        
           | jghn wrote:
           | alt.fan.warlord would like a word
        
             | UncleSlacky wrote:
             | and BIFF.
        
         | mmcgaha wrote:
         | Around the time frame of the beta versions of agent coming out
         | in early 1995, the Windows world really surpassed unix for
         | internet usability. Obviously netscape was netscape but agent
         | vs tin, mirc vs ircii, or eudora vs pine, the windows software
         | getting churned out was peak usability as far as I am
         | concerned.
        
         | clsec wrote:
         | Agent was the very first piece of software I paid for. That and
         | my Extra Newsguy subscription opened an amazing world for me.
         | Then yEnc came along!
        
         | rbanffy wrote:
         | There was also Outlook Express.
         | 
         | It could do NNTP feeds integrated with e-mail, an outgrowth of
         | previous work on IE3-era Windows News and Mail (which was an
         | architectural masterpiece - a Windows Explorer view of a folder
         | full of messages, populated from the mail and news feeds)
         | 
         | I wish we had something like that in Gnome - processes that
         | sync my IMAP mails to local Maildir-like folders (dynamically
         | populated, with download-on-open, perhaps) and a view that
         | shows e-mails. Same for iCal feeds - make it a way to view
         | specific kinds of content.
        
         | bhaak wrote:
         | >> Thirdly was the user interface. Usenet looked dull. In a
         | world of animated GIFs and MySpace colour schemes, Usenet
         | didn't even have avatar images!
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Face
         | 
         | I think there was even a color version of x-face? Oh yeah,
         | found it. A 48x48 base64 encoded PNG image.
         | 
         | https://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/GnusFace
         | 
         | I don't know what other Usenet clients supported that. The
         | x-face header was already not widely supported.
        
         | senko wrote:
         | > Forte Agent was a masterpiece.
         | 
         | Yes.
         | 
         | Also, my social network feeds could benefit from a killfile
         | feature ...
        
           | pierat wrote:
           | https://docs.joinmastodon.org/user/moderating/
           | 
           | There's a wide variety of ways to self-moderate content. Andd
           | you can block whole servers from your account as well.
           | 
           | And if stuff is terrible, you can report to your instance's
           | admin (if you're not running your own). And barring that, you
           | can also report to their instance's admin.
           | 
           | Given enough harassment or badness, servers can block
           | harassing servers.
        
       | cobaltoxide wrote:
       | Spam
        
       | dariosalvi78 wrote:
       | I used it quite a lot around 97 / 98, it was a great way to meet
       | people and discuss serios and not-so-serious topics with people
       | around the world. It was technically interesting and a very
       | powerful tool.
       | 
       | Then it got flooded with "replica watches" and "girls nextdoor
       | porn", huge attachments and shady stuff.
        
       | howard941 wrote:
       | ISPs decommissioned their news servers. That's what killed
       | netnews.
        
         | jmclnx wrote:
         | >ISPs decommissioned their news servers
         | 
         | Yes, this is the number 1 reason.
         | 
         | But USENET is still being used and there are many people still
         | using it. And there are places where you can signup for free
         | access, this is one but there are many others:
         | 
         | http://www.eternal-september.org/
         | 
         | One thing to remember, you never see a post from your teenage
         | self on USENET being dragged up by your employer causing you to
         | be fired or loose out on a job. Why, privacy still exists on
         | USENET.
         | 
         | Also I guess he never heard of killfiles :) These days I have a
         | rather large one compared to what I had many years ago. See a
         | post you do not want to see anymore, add it to your killfile
         | and maybe the person who sent it.
        
         | sokoloff wrote:
         | That seems like it's reversing cause and effect, though. If
         | lots of ISP customers were using their nntp servers, ISPs would
         | have been quite likely to maintain them in order to be
         | competitive.
        
           | narag wrote:
           | They didn't. What seems logical doesn't need to be true.
           | Maintaining servers was hard, they decided to not compete on
           | that.
           | 
           | They were trying to minimize any kind of _customer support by
           | humans_ , the number one cost center for any digital company.
           | 
           | Lucky for them that the like of Google and Reddit
           | externalized mail and forum services.
        
         | Mc91 wrote:
         | This is (part of) the correct answer, yet it is way down the
         | list of upvoted answers.
         | 
         | The story is:
         | 
         | 1) There were a number of independent ISPs, but oligarchic
         | forces, in addition to the Verizon/AT&T last mile monopoly
         | consolidated things so that Verizon/AT&T became the ISP for
         | most people, with limited competition.
         | 
         | 2) Once consolidated, Verizon and AT&T killed their news
         | servers. This mostly happened in 2008. The old Internet which
         | was more open and peer-to-peer became a platform with end users
         | limited mostly to web clients, consuming from big corporate
         | upstream web servers.
         | 
         | 3) This was helped along by various places in the US
         | government, which blessed or even applied pressure to kill off
         | the old peer-to-peer nature of the Internet, particularly
         | Usenet, for the current model of big corporate web servers to
         | end user customers.
         | 
         | Of course the public relations announcements were all of this
         | was done for the litany of reasons companies and the government
         | do anything - to protect customers/children/whatever, fight
         | against the forces of evil etc.
        
         | rootusrootus wrote:
         | Because it was _expensive_ to run such servers. Imagine
         | dedicating 50-100 Mbps of constant bandwidth just to Usenet,
         | and then explaining to management that 99.9% of Usenet was
         | alt.binaries. We outsourced for a while, but even that cost was
         | difficult to justify and none of our customers would admit to
         | wanting it.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | Which is a lesson for those saying "well just federate it!"
        
       | kayo_20211030 wrote:
       | TIL that `annecdata` (properly `anecdata`, I think) is a word.
       | Nice!.
        
       | pixl97 wrote:
       | Why did usenet fail:
       | 
       | 1) It couldn't serve ads in a controlled manner. The lack of
       | monetization made sure that most people paid for usenet access
       | allowing 'free' http driven apps to take over.
       | 
       | 2) Most ISPs didn't provide much information if they had a NNTP
       | server users could use, and NNTP readers didn't come with most
       | users computers. HTTP did.
       | 
       | 3) It wasn't exciting to new users. Web went from mostly text to
       | multimedia as internet connection speeds increased.
        
       | segmondy wrote:
       | Google.
        
       | rocketnasa wrote:
       | Back in the 1990's, the in-person User Groups were a thing of the
       | past and we didn't have Patreon style support donation system
       | wasn't widely accepted. Funding was mostly out of owner/operator
       | budget like it was in the BBS days.
       | 
       | Usenet was part of the ISP plan, part of your monthly dial-up (or
       | otherwise) costs.
       | 
       | Who paid to moderate and solve problems was starting to fail
       | under the load and the easy ability to mass spam.
        
       | 2809 wrote:
       | Wait, it failed? Since when...?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | rbanffy wrote:
       | > Dropbox is FTP with a better UX
       | 
       | Nope. Dropbox is NFS with an asynchronous client with lots of
       | local persistent cache.
       | 
       | > WhatsApp groups are just ListServes
       | 
       | That's a huge oversimplification.
       | 
       | All in all, I wish I have built something that was the backbone
       | of internet discussions for decades. Truth is, we all moved on.
       | At one time, newsgroups was the only space where we could have
       | threaded discussions. Now we have lots of other, more targeted,
       | options.
       | 
       | All the issues the author mentioned could be fixed. We can use AI
       | to rate comments (at the client), and build a decentralized
       | reputation system (maybe a good use for blockchain, finally).
        
       | EwanG wrote:
       | Quick summary - As K-Mart did to Sears, and then WalMart did to
       | K-Mart, so Reddit has done to Usenet.
        
         | jabroni_salad wrote:
         | If we want to pin it to a single entity I would say one of
         | these two:
         | 
         | AOL's CD mailers, or microsoft/apple including an http browser
         | in their operating systems.
        
         | bigbillheck wrote:
         | Not entirely sure about your summary or your historical
         | analysis there buddy.
        
         | johannes1234321 wrote:
         | I would argue that Facebook had a much bigger impact pulling
         | users there.
         | 
         | As did multiple independent web forums (based on phpBB etc.)
         | which allowed closed communities and moderation and we're more
         | approachable for beginners.
        
         | tenebrisalietum wrote:
         | - Reddit didn't do anything to Usenet. Reddit postdates
         | Usenet's glory days by over a decade.
         | 
         | - Sears, a dying company, bought K-Mart, and they died
         | together. K-Mart didn't do anything to Sears.
         | 
         | - Walmart didn't do anything to K-Mart except sell stuff
         | cheaper and work on its supply chain. Wikipedia article says
         | this: "Unlike its competitors Walmart and Target, Kmart failed
         | to invest in computer technology to manage its supply chain."
         | 
         | I don't understand the analogy at all.
        
         | arbitrage wrote:
         | Not really. Usenet was circling the drain a long time before
         | Reddit was a gleam in Ohanian's eye.
        
       | mrweasel wrote:
       | I don't really agree, but also don't have a better explanation.
       | Moderation and clients would have been solved, had Usenet
       | continued to be huge. Email have had it's fair share of problems,
       | including spam, but has always managed to survive because nothing
       | has been able to replace it and it's still valuable. You could
       | argue that development of attractive clients have died down in
       | the past decade for email as well. Panic kept their Unison client
       | alive for way longer than they needed to, and that looked pretty.
       | 
       | Personally I would love to see Usenet replace localized Facebook
       | groups. It seems like every small town have a Facebook group, and
       | if you have no presents on Facebook, you get no information.
       | Usenet would be a perfect fit, no central authority to monetize
       | and control the group, you'd be able to read about activities in
       | your neighborhood, while having no account or an account with an
       | organisation you trust.
       | 
       | The ISPs might not want to pick up the tab for running the
       | servers, but they kept doing it for years after Usenet became a
       | ghost town.
        
       | aaomidi wrote:
       | I am still confused on how to access usenet for free tbh.
       | Everytime I've looked into it seems weirdly expensive.
        
         | floren wrote:
         | The expensive services are expensive because they include
         | alt.binaries.*, which are used for piracy.
         | 
         | http://www.eternal-september.org/ gives free access to the text
         | groups
        
       | KingOfCoders wrote:
       | I had much fun in Usenet (you can find many of my posts on
       | comp.sys.amiga.advocacy), I've learned a lot, wrote a lot in
       | English for the first time.
       | 
       | There was another post some months ago here that argued success
       | is not tied to survival.
       | 
       | To me Usenet was a huge success and didn't fail in any way, just
       | because people are no longer using it doesn't mean it failed.
        
       | Delphiza wrote:
       | alt.binaries killed usenet.
       | 
       | Apart from pron clogging up bandwidth, alt.binaries became a good
       | vector to distribute viruses, child pron, and a bunch of other
       | things that ISPs, and their dial-up customers, were becoming
       | increasingly concerned about. Its openness in an increasingly
       | more dangerous, scammy, and criminal world was always going to be
       | its own undoing. There must have been a stage where Pamela
       | Anderson took up most of the world's storage and bandwidth just
       | from synchronising usenet feeds.
        
         | temporal828 wrote:
         | > alt.binaries killed usenet.
         | 
         | In 2023 Usenet is solely commercially viable for alt.binaries.
        
           | korse wrote:
           | I'm surprised people aren't mentioning this more. Usenet may
           | be dead for discussion, but it certainly isn't a dead
           | technology.
           | 
           | edit: I guess they are. Took a second to search around the
           | comments.
        
       | superkuh wrote:
       | I still post on usenet a couple times per month. You gotta be the
       | change you want to see in the world.
        
       | Scarblac wrote:
       | Binaries, imo. At some point Usenet became synonymous to illegal
       | downloads for people, and it became too costly to support.
        
         | rootusrootus wrote:
         | Warez, and porn. Neither of which are easy to defend when an
         | ISP is looking to address the costs of a Usenet feed. Towards
         | the end, we had close to 100 Mbps full time just for the feed,
         | as I recall. Then we outsourced it to cut that cost. But then
         | management decided none of our customers needed alt.binaries
         | and we dropped it altogether. The effect on churn was
         | negligible.
        
           | badcppdev wrote:
           | Totally agree with this. Why would any commercial ISP want to
           | offer this as a service?
           | 
           | There was very little upside and massive potential
           | liabilities because they were storing and supplying
           | unmoderated content that in the very best case was pirated
           | music and movies.
        
       | bsdetector wrote:
       | Seems like nobody has mentioned a huge reason Usenet failed:
       | 
       | It needed a client program.
       | 
       | Digg/slashdot didn't succeed because they were flashier or
       | moderated or had less illegal content or privately developed or
       | any of these other reasons given, it was because people could
       | just follow a link to a web page and they're in. Even today
       | reddit or discord do everything they can to convert web users to
       | app users for obvious reasons, but they must have that web
       | version for casual users or they'll die off to whoever does have
       | one.
       | 
       | So ultimately what killed Usenet was Section 230. Without that
       | services could do simple copying/caching like NNTP (protected
       | under telecom rules) but the actual presentation had to be done
       | on the user's computer. And consequently were 230 repealed it
       | wouldn't be the end of the social media world, but rather the
       | resurgence of Usenet-like models where all the presentation is
       | done by a client program.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ok123456 wrote:
         | Section 230 had nothing to do with it. Offering usenet
         | retention is the same thing as being a common carrier. Section
         | 230 would only come in to play if you actively moderated your
         | usenet retention to prohibit perfectly legal speech.
        
           | krapp wrote:
           | > Section 230 would only come in to play if you actively
           | moderated your usenet retention to prohibit perfectly legal
           | speech.
           | 
           | https://www.techdirt.com/2020/06/23/hello-youve-been-
           | referre...
        
             | ok123456 wrote:
             | What is your argument?
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | Sorry, I thought you would actually read it, forgot where
               | I was for a second - Section 230 protection doesn't
               | require a platform to act as a "common carrier" or to
               | only moderate strictly illegal content, so it would not
               | "come into play" under the circumstances you described.
        
         | xingped wrote:
         | This is one of the big reasons, I think. I hear about Usenet
         | all the time, but whenever I try to go looking for it in the
         | past to figure it out, it just makes no sense to me and I
         | cannot figure out how to get to it. To me it's just this
         | nebulous thing that exists somewhere, but I have no idea where.
        
           | walterbell wrote:
           | Some ISPs still provide Usenet feeds, or there are commercial
           | Usenet providers in many countries, similar to email.
           | 
           | Usenet can be accessed via the OSS Thunderbird client, or OSS
           | Usenet clients.
           | 
           | https://www.fastusenet.org/thunderbird-windows-tutorial.html
        
           | osswid wrote:
           | Go to telehack.com and type 'notes'.
           | 
           | It's not comprehensive, but will give you a taste of the
           | flavor of what Usenet was like.
        
           | UncleSlacky wrote:
           | You can get a free account here (text groups only, not
           | binaries):
           | 
           | https://www.eternal-september.org/
           | 
           | You can access Usenet via Thunderbird (or Pan, mentioned in
           | the article).
        
         | gmiller123456 wrote:
         | There were, and still are, many web interfaces to USENET. So,
         | IANAL, but I doubt section 230 had much to do with it.
        
         | giancarlostoro wrote:
         | > it was because people could just follow a link to a web page
         | and they're in
         | 
         | Discord has entered the chat. (wait a minute...)
         | 
         | Seriously though, Discord is precisely an example of this. I
         | was talking to someone about how Skype was degraded, and I
         | wanted to build a competitor, then he showed me Discord. I've
         | been using Discord since (and on my free time thinking of what
         | I would do different to Guilded / Discord). Slack was cute, but
         | Discord was much better. There's lots of room for improvement
         | with Discord, but its just good enough.
        
       | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
       | In the 90s I used to edit out CSAM related groups, from the
       | downloaded list in Netscape's built in NNTP client. Customers who
       | were surfing usenet for the first time were reasonably horrified
       | by the group names.
       | 
       | After a time I got unhappy about this and went to see if I could
       | determine a physical hosting location of the content. I don't
       | recall the particulars, just that I came up with an AT&T
       | subsidiary - something polkadot - sitting at a Canadian address,
       | near the US border.
       | 
       | I wasn't willing to reach out to the FBI blindly and couldn't
       | locate anyone who know anyone in the bureau. I knew someone who
       | knew the head of the [state] Family Association and that person
       | was well connected politically. After some back and forth I gave
       | up on the whole thing. That guy was fairly obsessed with stamping
       | out homosexuality and couldn't be bothered with abused children.
       | I moved on.
        
         | temporal828 wrote:
         | > In the 90s I used to edit out CSAM related groups, from the
         | downloaded list in Netscape's built in NNTP client.
         | 
         | This list gets downloaded from whatever server you configure
         | and is then local to your machine. Editing it would only affect
         | what you see on your own client.
         | 
         | > After a time I got unhappy about this and went to see if I
         | could determine a physical hosting location of the content.
         | 
         | Usenet is a distributed system - every server that didn't
         | filter the group was hosting the content. They were typically
         | viewed as common carriers.
         | 
         | (It sounds like you were tracing your own ISP's server?)
         | 
         | On that note some from upstate New York may remember that the
         | attorney general tried to garner votes by raiding and seizing
         | servers from a few local ISPs (Dreamscape, RIP), which in the
         | end didn't work out.
         | 
         | > I wasn't willing to reach out to the FBI blindly and couldn't
         | locate anyone who know anyone in the bureau.
         | 
         | The FBI was quite well aware of the content on Usenet and very
         | adept at navigating it in its heydey. They used it in a number
         | of investigations to track down producers including breaking
         | into trusted rings that communicated with PGP encrypted
         | communications on Usenet. You wouldn't have informed them of
         | anything they didn't know.
        
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