[HN Gopher] Effect of repeated low-level red light on myopia pre...
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       Effect of repeated low-level red light on myopia prevention
        
       Author : rq1
       Score  : 79 points
       Date   : 2023-06-02 17:52 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (jamanetwork.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (jamanetwork.com)
        
       | stevebmark wrote:
       | Interesting, I wonder what the mechanism of action could be.
       | Over-exposure to blue light is potentially related to macular
       | degeneration, if blue light causes axial elongation (getting more
       | nearsighted, eye getting more football shaped) that could
       | potentially be related, since more nearsighted eyes are at higher
       | risk for macula issues. There have also been links to red light
       | use on the macula improving macular health, but not axial
       | changes.
       | 
       | I also wonder, but it seems less likely, if the effect is related
       | to defocusing of the eye, from intentionally not being in front
       | of a screen for 3 minutes. Holding things close to the face,
       | including computer, phone, and book use, causes nearsightnedness
       | from emmetropization (NOT from muscle use, muscle strain has
       | nothing to do with vision issues).
        
         | myself248 wrote:
         | Okay, I've noticed that red-text-on-blue-background or vice-
         | versa is super hard to read, because our eyes have quite a bit
         | of chromatic aberration and can't focus on both ends of the
         | spectrum at the same time.
         | 
         | So is it perhaps just training the eye to focus on the red end
         | rather than the blue end, as a sort of exercise?
         | 
         | (Also, did you ever notice that optometrists' signs are always
         | deep blue, and thus hard to focus on? Ope, can't even see the
         | sign, better head in and get an exam!)
        
         | aatd86 wrote:
         | >(NOT from muscle use, muscle strain has nothing to do with
         | vision issues).
         | 
         | Eye strain that causes pseudo-pyopia is gznerally thought to be
         | triggered by ciliary spasms. The ciliary muscle, as its name
         | indicates, is a muscle. So I'm a bit confused here?
        
         | elif wrote:
         | I think the prevailing theory is it's not so much about 'what
         | red light does', but 'what red light deprivation causes.' the
         | improvement is the human body behaving in the conditions it
         | developed for.
         | 
         | Light therapy is providing the body with what it is deprived of
         | more every generation as we move indoors and replace
         | incandescent sources with LED light sources.
        
           | stevebmark wrote:
           | I despise the discussions that come out of talking about
           | myopia. Everyone completely guesses at how things work, and
           | so many people chime talking about things they don't
           | understand. Mitochondria specifically respond to red light.
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2996814/
        
         | someweirdperson wrote:
         | > I also wonder, but it seems less likely, if the effect is
         | related to defocusing of the eye, from intentionally not being
         | in front of a screen for 3 minutes.
         | 
         | Unfortunately, the control group did nothing, instead of
         | looking at something far away for 3 minutes, that is not red
         | light.
         | 
         | Another interesting control group could have used light at the
         | other end of the visible range.
        
       | dmitrygr wrote:
       | Curious that this is considered new. When I was a kid in Russia
       | (20 years ago), we had treatment for myopia that was basically
       | applying a tube with a lot of red lights in it to your eyes for
       | 3-4 minutes, 4 times a day.
        
         | mywittyname wrote:
         | The mechanisms for developing myopia have been pretty well
         | understood for a while now.
         | 
         | I suspect the lack of an investigation into prevention had more
         | to do with people not really caring until now. I bet that
         | myopia prevalence in China is approaching 100%, especially for
         | "children of the lockdown", and so it's getting critical
         | attention as a public health crisis.
         | 
         | There were doctors who had technique for preventing/halting
         | myopia from developing in children, but it wasn't this
         | mainstream thing, and it certainly wasn't pushed on people.
        
       | neves wrote:
       | Should a blue light filter in screens make any difference?
        
       | anonymousiam wrote:
       | I wonder if there's a similar study that simply has the kids stay
       | outdoors in natural sunlight for some number of hours per day?
        
         | jerlam wrote:
         | China, where the prevalence of myopia is near 90% for high-
         | schoolers, has mandated less screen time, less homework, and
         | required outdoor time. It appears to have some effect as
         | there's a small decrease in myopia:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YWbR8K0jT4
        
         | nyargh wrote:
         | Two such studies are cited in the paper
         | 
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23462271
         | 
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26372583
        
       | shrubble wrote:
       | Wonder if being gathered around a fire each night kept
       | hunter/gatherer people from developing myopia?
        
       | vr46 wrote:
       | Heh, once again, my old optician John Rose in London is some
       | years ahead of the curve, I'll be darned. He's had this red light
       | therapy bed installed at his practice for a few years now.
       | 
       | https://johnroseeyecare.co.uk/services/wellbeing/light-thera...
        
       | epicureanideal wrote:
       | I wonder if it can cure adult myopia or just prevent some of it
       | in kids?
       | 
       | If the study were done longer would it prevent more than 54%?
        
         | stevebmark wrote:
         | There is no known cure for adult nor childhood myopia. Axial
         | elongation is permanent. It can only be slowed, and maybe
         | stopped, but not reversed.
        
           | vr46 wrote:
           | Miyosmart lenses for kids have proven to be excellent so far,
           | but I have become happy with my myopic superpower of
           | magnification. Just hope my eyes don't fall apart internally
           | as I get old.
        
           | cosmorider wrote:
           | Wrong. Look up endmyopia.org and watch this video:
           | https://youtu.be/x5Efg42-Qn0
        
             | stevebmark wrote:
             | That's great that a philosophy major has a blog and a
             | Facebook group for his pet theory. There is no science
             | here. I hate how vapid the this space is, there is so much
             | guesswork and making things up. His comment about wearing
             | underpowered lenses for example, has been repeatedly shown
             | to either have no effect or worsen myopia
             | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/cxo.12978
             | His idea that you can look at slightly doubled things in
             | defocus and work to "fuse" them is insane, he just did
             | something on a walk by chance and then somehow claimed it's
             | part of the process.
             | 
             | Again, as far as science knows, there is no way to reverse
             | myopia. It's like asking how to make your liver less
             | elongated. The tissue has grown into the shape it's in, it
             | doesn't reshape itself over time.
        
               | aatd86 wrote:
               | I did it partially so your hard statements might need to
               | be toned down.
               | 
               | I have proof from several opthalmologist exams just in
               | case one wonders. And the reversal has been subsequent
               | (several diopters).
               | 
               | Although I haven't exactly followed the protocols on
               | endmyopia but am aware of their existence, I have been
               | scientific enough to try so I have this anecdotal result
               | that it is possible at least.
               | 
               | As far as science knows, axial elongation is reversible
               | in rhesus monkeys and isn't even fixed in the first
               | place.
        
       | leobg wrote:
       | Read somewhere of an old lady who kept her eyes sharp by facing
       | the sun with closed eyelids every day. Don't remember the source,
       | but I think it might even have been on HN. Anyone else?
        
       | cubefox wrote:
       | These results sound great. I fear only that it will take a very
       | long time before any of this becomes an approved treatment. They
       | probably require more studies, and for that first money needs to
       | be organized. And then the study itself needs to be organized.
       | And finally conducted over several years. And then perhaps they
       | require yet another, bigger study. By that time millions of kids
       | around the world will be grown up to have myopia. Too late to be
       | treated.
        
         | elif wrote:
         | Approved for red light? There are no restrictions on buying red
         | LED's.. Whose approval are you waiting on?
         | 
         | Skin health, scar healing, muscle pain relief, take your pick
         | of reasons to use R/IR light therapy. It takes hardly any
         | effort.
        
           | cubefox wrote:
           | See other thread on how this works. I'm sure parents won't
           | buy such devices without some very official stamp. Until then
           | they are probably also forbidden to market it as what it is.
           | It anyway looks like something that should be provided by
           | school and kindergarten.
        
       | dingleberry wrote:
       | how about plus lens therapy?
        
       | pnw wrote:
       | There was a recent HN thread on a similar topic. I bought the
       | glasses from https://www.eye-power.co.uk/ mentioned in the
       | thread.
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34609625
        
         | flanbiscuit wrote:
         | I also bought these and I used them twice and then have
         | forgotten all about them until right now. I'll have to put a
         | reminder to start using them again, it's only 3 minutes once a
         | week.
        
         | rwl4 wrote:
         | I ordered one about a year ago and forgot all about it. After a
         | few apologies for the lateness of the shipping, the order never
         | arrived. This comment reminded me, so I just emailed them to
         | see what's up.
        
         | dotancohen wrote:
         | How long have you been using it? Have you noticed any effects?
        
           | pnw wrote:
           | Only for a few weeks. No obvious effects yet.
           | 
           | They are 670nm which is close to this study (650nm?)
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | Yeah I also bought a "photo red" 665nm 1W diode after that
             | last thread, stared at it occasionally at low power and
             | never noticed any difference. I guess it's one of those
             | things you gotta do for several decades and unless you
             | leave one eye as a control there's nothing to compare to
             | anyway.
        
       | swamp40 wrote:
       | Would love to solve this one day.
       | 
       | Almost positive its a recent phenomenon. Would like to know that
       | as well.
       | 
       | Tesla's father chastised him for reading by candlelight. Thought
       | it would "spoil his eyes".
        
         | moron4hire wrote:
         | Luxottica will kill it if it ever comes close to becoming a
         | viable treatment.
        
           | jtwaleson wrote:
           | It's such a horrible monopoly. Please try to purchase your
           | glasses at non affiliated stores.
        
           | qzw wrote:
           | Or will they have a monopoly on the therapeutic red light
           | glasses that all kids will need? After all, the market could
           | be even bigger than now because all parents would want to
           | make sure their kids get their daily dose of red light.
        
           | mywittyname wrote:
           | Did they kill corrective surgery?
        
       | rngname22 wrote:
       | You gotta dig into supplement 1 to find the treatment:
       | 
       | ") Input power <100VA, input voltage: AC10V-240V, 50Hz/60Hz Ban
       | Ben Hao  8 : 2.0,20200120 Ban  2) Low-level single-wavelength
       | red-light wavelength: 650nm+-10nm 3) Diameter of low-level
       | single-wavelength red-light cursor: 7mm+-3mm, spot at the
       | observation port: 10mm +- 2mm 4) Light source output power:
       | 2.0mW+-0.5mW; At a distance of 100mm: 1.07-1.42mw
       | 
       | ...the intervention group are treated with the intervention
       | instrument twice a day from Monday to Friday, three minutes each
       | time, with an interval of at least 4 hours (morning break before
       | school and afternoon break before school), under the supervision
       | of the school teacher/coordinator in addition to routine study
       | and life. All children have a unique corresponding personal
       | account and password. They need to swipe the card and log in the
       | system for verification before starting the intervention
       | device.... the optical energy will stop automatically after three
       | minutes of use, leave the blue eye patch, close your eyes and
       | rest for 3-5 minutes until the light spots before your eyes
       | disappear."
       | 
       | ^ So it sounds like the students might even have light spots
       | (temporary blindness)? for a few minutes after the treatment.
       | 
       | No use of near-infrared (in the 850nm range), only red light (in
       | the 650 range), so if attempting to recreate at home make sure
       | the red light therapy device is in 650 not red + infrared
       | combination as many are. Though if you Google you can find plenty
       | of studies and resources suggesting NIR can be safe and effective
       | for the eyes as well.
       | 
       | I use red and NIR for collagen boosting on the skin but had until
       | now been too afraid to directly expose my closed eyelids w/o
       | protective goggles as I noticed light spots (I use a close-up
       | helmet). Taking the leap of faith and using light therapy to the
       | point that I have light spots for a few minutes after treatment
       | as described in the study is a leap of faith that I'm afraid may
       | be beyond me.
        
         | someweirdperson wrote:
         | > You gotta dig into supplement 1 to find the treatment: "[...]
         | Light source output power: 2.0mW+-0.5mW; At a distance of
         | 100mm: 1.07-1.42mw"
         | 
         | Elsewhere it said class 2, which would be < 1 mW. A laser
         | pointer.
         | 
         | > I use red and NIR for collagen boosting on the skin but had
         | until now been too afraid to directly expose my closed eyelids
         | w/o protective goggles as I noticed light spots (I use a close-
         | up helmet). Taking the leap of faith and using light therapy to
         | the point that I have light spots for a few minutes after
         | treatment as described in the study is a leap of faith that I'm
         | afraid may be beyond me.
         | 
         | That's a lot more power. I would avoid anything outside of the
         | visible range and lasers with too much power. For those natural
         | self protection mechanism probably only kicks in when its too
         | late.
        
         | EGreg wrote:
         | So it requires supplements?
        
         | RobotToaster wrote:
         | I wonder if just wearing glasses with a wratten 29 filter would
         | work?
         | 
         | Maybe the hippies were onto something with those rose tinted
         | glasses, lol.
        
         | BobbyJo wrote:
         | I'm not a doctor, but I believe the mechanism that causes spots
         | isn't harmful. It's a form of exhaustion of the sensing cells
         | and doesn't necessarily damage them.
         | 
         | Damage really only happens when you get photon burns, which I
         | don't think is possible with closed eyelids and a conventional
         | light-source.
        
           | arghwhat wrote:
           | However, you must be very careful around possible IR or UV
           | sources as there will be no reflex to keep your eyes closed,
           | look away or close your pupils! You will at most feel the
           | warmth of the light source in the skin of your face, at which
           | point it is likely too late.
           | 
           | If intentionally sticking your head in a strong light source,
           | wear eye protection.
        
           | rf15 wrote:
           | > It's a form of exhaustion of the sensing cells and doesn't
           | necessarily damage them.
           | 
           | As someone with experience in the field: this is half true at
           | best, since you can get the same symptons with proper,
           | permanent and irreversible damage. Claiming it is "just
           | exhaustion" is a dangerous attitude to have.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | There are optical illusions where you stare at a highly
           | saturated color for a while and then close your eyes, seeing
           | a negative of the image you stared at in your eyes.
           | 
           | Continuous color sensing is just one of the fictions our
           | brains tell us unfortunately. If you play outside without
           | sunglasses you will find that everything inside looks
           | extremely dark. That's not just pupil contraction, although
           | that plays a role. The photo receptors in your eye have a
           | recharge rate, and very loud colors can exceed that. Your
           | brain keeps adjusting to compensate but you can catch it via
           | rapid changes, like closing your eyes.
        
         | hollerith wrote:
         | >if you Google you can find plenty of studies and resources
         | suggesting NIR can be safe and effective for the eyes as well.
         | 
         | Infrared in the eye causes cataracts, a fact that is all over
         | Google search results. Workers in steel mills for example are
         | about 26 times more likely to need cataract surgery than others
         | their age, but maybe it is not the near-infrared fraction doing
         | that?
         | 
         | I've seen many studies of the effects of red light on the eye,
         | but none of the effects of NIR on the eye, but in avoiding
         | exposing the eyes of experimental human subjects to NIR, maybe
         | researchers are using an overabundance of caution?
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | Wasn't that supposed to be UV damage?
        
             | hollerith wrote:
             | UV might cause cataracts, too.
        
               | moffkalast wrote:
               | Avoid looking at any kind of light, got it.
        
               | heyoni wrote:
               | Except the light you can't see :D
        
               | BrandoElFollito wrote:
               | They light is dangerous too. You do not want to put you
               | had in a microwave oven.
               | 
               | There is no hope.
        
           | nomel wrote:
           | You can melt rocks with any wavelength, it really depends on
           | the power, cataracts included (assuming non ionizing
           | wavelengths).
           | 
           | I work for hours in my VR headset, with eye tracking
           | enabled...I should probably check up on what that power is.
           | 
           | edit: My point seems to have been missed. IR in the eyes will
           | cause cataracts, but it requires extreme power. It's the
           | heating from the extreme power causing the cataracts, not the
           | wavelength of the photons. The wavelength of the photon just
           | helps that power get absorbed in a way that it's not noticed
           | by things like the retina. IR lasers are especially dangerous
           | because you won't look away/blink, or know _besides_ feeling
           | the heat.
        
             | geeB wrote:
             | The molten metal is what radiates the IR
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | hollerith wrote:
             | No one uses electromagnetic radiation to melt steel or help
             | make steel.
        
               | nomel wrote:
               | Well, that's technically false [1]. Metal laser
               | cutting/surfacing is common. My point was (besides
               | ionizing radiation), it's not the wavelength that
               | matters, it's the intensity. I changed "steel" to "rocks"
               | to help make the point clear.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5vsUta5lmo
               | 
               | https://fairmontmachinery.com/30kw-on-1-inch-steel/
        
           | narrator wrote:
           | The wavelength is very important too. 808nm is damaging to
           | the eyes for example, but has wound healing properties when
           | applied directly to injuries[1]. This kind of stuff is a
           | great example of the vast trove of interesting research that
           | nobody outside the alt health world will ever do much with.
           | 
           | [1]https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C3&q=80
           | 8n...
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | Most people in the health field don't know about a lot of
             | it either. Unless they're a researcher, they just stick to
             | the protocol on their Epic screen for the most part.
        
         | hackernewds wrote:
         | tangent, does the collagen production work and produce healthy
         | skin for you?
        
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