[HN Gopher] Federal Judge Makes History: Border Searches of Cell...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Federal Judge Makes History: Border Searches of Cell Phones Require
       Warrants
        
       Author : panarky
       Score  : 408 points
       Date   : 2023-05-30 20:20 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.eff.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.eff.org)
        
       | yieldcrv wrote:
       | > The Supreme Court has not yet considered the application of the
       | border search exception to smartphones, laptops, and other
       | electronic devices
       | 
       | We need additional ways to create standing in courts
       | 
       | It is ridiculous that a constitutionally contradictory law or
       | policy can remain in the books for decades, just because the
       | right rich person hasn't been inconvenienced enough by the law to
       | challenge it
       | 
       | In some countries, the President can get a law evaluated for its
       | constitutionality as an additional choice than just vetoing or
       | signing. We could start there.
        
       | BenFranklin100 wrote:
       | Great news. How does this affect the 100 mile border zone?
       | Technically, if one is within 100 miles of the border, the
       | federal government asserts certain rights to conduct warrantless
       | stops and searches. See:
       | 
       | https://www.aclu.org/know-your-rights/border-zone
       | 
       | I find this sort of federal government overreach absurd. I hope
       | this ruling affects this as well.
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | There is no such zone. That page is misleading. There is SCOTUS
         | case law back to the 1970s establishing that a border search
         | must have a nexus to an actual border crossing; you can't
         | simply search anybody within some distance of a border.
        
           | anigbrowl wrote:
           | Please advise CBP of this, because that particular part of
           | the executive branch (and the DoJ) have a more maximalist
           | take on the issue, notwithstanding the tenuous legal
           | foundations on which which their claims rest.
           | 
           | https://elibrary.law.psu.edu/pslr/vol124/iss2/3/
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | I'm reading this now and already you run into the issue of
             | it claiming that Chicago would fall within this supposed
             | extended border zone, despite not being anywhere close to
             | 100 miles from 12 nautical miles from the baselines of the
             | United States, per 8 CFR 287 (this is an analysis I've
             | shoplifted from 'jcranmer).
             | 
             | That said: the rotating CBP checkpoints around places like
             | Tucson are, as this article observes, probably unlawful!
             | You've got Almeida-Sanchez that says straight out that
             | warrantless evidence collected from intrusive searches far
             | from the border without any reasonable belief of a recent
             | border crossing are inadmissible, and then you're left to
             | figure out how to deal with the harassing impact of these
             | checkpoints on locals.
             | 
             | I'm not here to stick up for CBP. I've had only bad
             | experiences with them. But also, I don't live within a 100
             | mile "Constitution-free zone", no matter what ACLU may
             | claim.
             | 
             | Start on page 404 of this to see it basically reciting the
             | same argument I'm making.
        
       | calibas wrote:
       | Fourth Amendment
       | 
       | The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses,
       | papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures,
       | shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon
       | probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and
       | particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons
       | or things to be seized.
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | A reminder here that our common understanding of the term
         | "warrant" is not that of the 4th Amendment, and the
         | Constitution has never forbade warrantless searches --- only
         | "unreasonable" searches, where "unreasonable" is almost a term
         | of art meaning "whatever judges agree to", and which currently
         | capture a whole bunch of specific kinds of warrantless
         | searches, like searches incident to arrest and searches at
         | border crossings, many of which were also employed at the time
         | of the founders.
         | 
         | The warrant clause of the Fourth Amendment was a response to
         | the "General Warrant", an instrument issued by the British
         | government to local officials that was essentially a license to
         | harass at will; that's why Constitutional warrants have to
         | describe particular places, persons, and things (because that's
         | what General Warrants didn't do).
        
       | wordyskeleton wrote:
       | I assume this only applies to citizens?
        
         | sjtgraham wrote:
         | IANAL but IIRC the definition of the constitutional "people" is
         | broader than US citizens. SCOTUS has answered this question in
         | connection with the 2nd amendment. I wasn't able to find the
         | case but the meaning of "the people" is taken to mean members
         | of the broader national community. People who have developed
         | sufficient connection to the United States, e.g. Lawful
         | Permanent Residents.
        
       | lannisterstark wrote:
       | As someone who lives in a border cities and crosses often, thank
       | fuck.
       | 
       | Now do "They can't make you sit in secondary area/room for two
       | hours without looking at you."
        
         | EA-3167 wrote:
         | As someone far from any border, let me join in you a hearty
         | "thank fuck" as well. This always seemed like a terrible and
         | deeply unAmerican thing for the government to engage in. I'm
         | all for oversight, including some that many find overbearing,
         | but warrantless searches of your devices just for crossing a
         | border is some post-9/11 hysterical nonsense.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | You don't even have to be crossing a border. There's an area
           | some 100 mile distance from the border that the CBP operates.
           | It just so happens that a large percentage of the population
           | resides in that area, so it can affect more people than
           | immediately realized.
           | 
           | https://www.aclu.org/know-your-rights/border-zone
        
             | Zak wrote:
             | The page you linked says that they need probable cause to
             | search any property within the zone. That's different from
             | when actually crossing a border, in which case property is
             | generally subject to search without suspicion.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | probable cause is whatever they say it is, so that's
               | really not much of a show stopper. the only way you can
               | prove it is not proper probable cause is through a
               | lengthy (aka expensive) court battle after the fact.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | Going to court is the only way you can prove any legal
               | wrongdoing made by anyone about anything.
        
               | Matl wrote:
               | Except 'probable cause' means that the search was in
               | 'good faith' which is my understanding basically makes
               | the officers involved practically immune, (even if you're
               | awarded damages say), and at the very least makes it more
               | likely to happen by them knowing they're off the hook
               | either way.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | sure, but leaning on probable cause to prevent the LEOs
               | from doing something to you in the moment is not a sound
               | practice. it will always be retrospective, and not
               | everyone can afford to avail themselves of the legal
               | remedy. the LEOs know this and behave accordingly
        
               | Zak wrote:
               | This is no worse (or better) than any other law
               | enforcement agency. What was being suggested is that
               | there's a 100 mile border zone in which CBP may legally
               | conduct searches without probable cause like they can at
               | a border crossing; that's not the case.
               | 
               | The thing they can do that I find problematic is stop all
               | traffic at a checkpoint and ask immigration-related
               | questions without any suspicion whatsoever. This is
               | conceptually similar to a DUI checkpoint, and I think the
               | courts are wrong to allow either in the USA because they
               | constitute a detention not based on reasonable,
               | individualized suspicion of a crime.
        
           | WillPostForFood wrote:
           | It far predates 2001, key case law is from the 70's:
           | 
           | https://www.lexisnexis.com/community/casebrief/p/casebrief-u.
           | ..
        
           | lannisterstark wrote:
           | >some post-9/11 hysterical nonsense.
           | 
           | That's because it is lol.
           | 
           | Remember this incident? Fun stuff.
           | 
           | https://web.archive.org/web/20230421210739/https://www.theat.
           | ..
           | 
           | "A NASA Engineer Was Required to Unlock His Phone at the
           | Border
           | 
           | A U.S.-born scientist was detained at the Houston airport
           | until he gave customs agents the passcode to his work-issued
           | device."
        
             | ajsnigrutin wrote:
             | How long can they detain you for?
             | 
             | Foreigners i understand... either give the passcode or go
             | back home... but local citizens?
             | 
             | (i've argued more than once at my countries border, and
             | there's not much that they can do)
        
             | sidewndr46 wrote:
             | Wouldn't that be a violation of NASA policy and possibly
             | some other Federal agency policies?
        
               | reaperman wrote:
               | Yeah but kind of force majeure at that point.
        
         | fishywang wrote:
         | Because all international airports are "borders", and
         | previously the warranty-less searches were permitted with
         | something like "within 50 miles of a border", the majority
         | people living in the US should say thank fuck.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | It has never been the case that 100 (or 50) mile ranges from
           | the border are open to warrantless searches; it's a myth
           | spread by a misleading bit of ACLU promo material.
        
             | darth_avocado wrote:
             | That's not true. CBP has plenty of permanent and many more
             | tactical search checkpoints throughout the country where
             | you are subject to search. Many of these are 70+ miles from
             | the border.
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol
             | _...
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | They are allowed to stop people who have crossed the
               | border at (often permanent) checkpoints many miles from
               | the border. They can ask to search anybody! And within
               | the ambit of their authority they can probably search
               | with reasonable suspicion. It's not my claim that CBP
               | can't search you anywhere but the actual border, but
               | rather that the notion that everyone living within 100
               | (or 50 or 12 nmi or whatever) miles from the border is
               | subject to constant CBP search.
               | 
               | If you check this in the search bar at the bottom of the
               | page you'll see this has come up a bunch on HN (it's a
               | lurid and exciting notion to toss around!) and there are
               | SCOTUS cites in the results.
        
             | stonogo wrote:
             | Maybe you should tell the border patrol.
             | 
             | https://help.cbp.gov/s/article/Article-1084?language=en_US
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | [O]nly insofar as they involve a minimally intrusive
               | "brief detention of travelers" with a "routine and
               | limited inquiry into residence status" that maintains an
               | immigration focus. Any secondary inspection (not a
               | search) must be "made for the sole purpose of conducting
               | a routine and limited inquiry into residence status that
               | cannot feasibly be made of every motorist where the
               | traffic is heavy." Further detention or questioning must
               | be founded on reasonable suspicion of wrongdoing. Vehicle
               | searches beyond what can be seen via ordinary visual
               | inspection are not permitted without probable cause or
               | consent that has been provided knowingly and voluntarily
               | and without coercion.
               | 
               | It is not my contention that CBP isn't abusing the law.
               | I'm sure they are. Many CBP immigration stops apprehend
               | no or single-digit unlawful immigrants while arresting
               | dozens and dozens of citizens for things like suspected
               | drug offenses. My contention --- well, not really mine so
               | much as that of the Supreme Court and of law review
               | articles about this case law --- is that what they're
               | doing is plainly unlawful.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | I just replied to a sibling about the CBP's 100 mile zone
           | (i'll post here again). For some reason, the airports do not
           | seem to be mapped as part of this 100 "inclusion" zone.
           | Otherwise, the included population would approach 100%.
           | That's a bit of trivia I've never seen addressed before, so
           | adding that to the list of things that make you go hmmm
           | 
           | https://www.aclu.org/know-your-rights/border-zone
        
       | johnklos wrote:
       | You mean authorities can't just invalidate our Fourth Amendment
       | rights because they feel like it? Who'd have imagined?
        
       | hayst4ck wrote:
       | It's a literal national security issue.
       | 
       | I know people who have two factor codes and password vaults on
       | their phone's that if compromised by a competent attacker could
       | compromise nearly every major corporation in America.
       | 
       | Imagine if a foreign intelligence agency managed to get a border
       | guard asset.
       | 
       | Even from a reciprocity point of view, if we search other
       | people's phones, that sets expectations that ours can get
       | searched too. It's dangerous precedent all around.
        
       | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
       | Fantastic fantastic news. As an American, private rights are
       | paramount and any government interference should come with strict
       | roadblocks and reasons.
        
       | rootusrootus wrote:
       | This is good, and I hope it stands. Once you demonstrate that you
       | are in fact a citizen of the US, you cannot be denied entry, and
       | IMO all the regular Constitutional protections should immediately
       | apply.
        
         | readthenotes1 wrote:
         | " Once you demonstrate that you are in fact a citizen of the
         | US, you cannot be denied entry, and IMO all the regular
         | Constitutional protections should immediately apply."
         | 
         | I am not a constitutional scholar, but very few of the rights
         | given to the government specify citenzry as important. Most of
         | the rights specified as not granted refer to people or persons,
         | not citizens.
         | 
         | So your sentence should be "once you demonstrate that you are
         | in fact a person in the United States..."
        
           | Georgelemental wrote:
           | A non-citizen doesn't have any inherent right to enter the
           | country _at all_. If they are allowed to, it 's a privilege
           | generously granted by the state--and as a privilege, it's
           | entirely conditional and revocable. That being said, guests
           | of the country must always be treated fairly and honestly,
           | just as you would treat a guest in your home.
        
             | LastTrain wrote:
             | You are almost entirely wrong, of course. Visitors in the
             | US do indeed have rights.
        
               | thrwawy74 wrote:
               | For comradery, I'm loving where this is going. I do wish
               | we more consciously accepted that all persons have
               | inherent rights. Looking forward to a world gov that
               | tries to do good things someday... a la Bicentennial Man.
        
             | monkaiju wrote:
             | According to the UN declaration of human rights, Article 13
             | specifically, which the US signed onto, we actually
             | shouldn't even be able to block people at the border.
             | 
             | "Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and
             | residence within the borders of each state."
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | That says the opposite of your claim. "within the borders
               | of each state" Once you wish to cross into another state
               | (nation or country) your freedom of movement is subject
               | to limitations
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | You are misunderstanding that. It's "within the borders"
               | not "across the borders." The second clause of Article 13
               | grants rights to leave countries, and to return to "his"
               | country, which implies a right to deny non-citizens
               | entry.
               | 
               | That countries can (as a rule) deny non-citizens entry
               | for whatever reason they so desire should be obvious.
        
           | brewdad wrote:
           | Well technically, the border agent is in the United States.
           | You, presenting your passport are outside the United States
           | and requesting entry. This has consistently been the basis
           | for the "border exception". By requesting entry, you place
           | yourself under the jurisdiction of the border officer however
           | you are not physically present in the US, so you do not
           | benefit from its legal protections.
        
             | dpifke wrote:
             | So what country's laws apply if you kill the jerk who cut
             | in front of you in the line to talk to the border officer?
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | The border search privilege applied at the time of the
         | founders, so it's hard to argue that it's constitutionally
         | invalid. And, in fact, this ruling upholds the border search
         | privilege; it just sets electronic devices outside of their
         | reach.
        
         | jamesdwilson wrote:
         | serious q, i legit don't know about these things, what about
         | that ambiguous gray area i see so-called freedom auditors use
         | where they argue that the Agent has no reason to suspect they
         | are not american, (and they repeat am i free to go/ am i being
         | detained)
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | The ID requirement to gain entry is fairly specific. I can't
           | imagine CBP just letting someone through without it. I
           | understand some people do the 'am I free to go' bit with
           | local police, but that's after you're inside the country.
           | 
           | To be clear, I think it's 100% okay for the border patrol to
           | require proof of citizenship at the border. I just think that
           | the moment you prove it, the border patrol becomes just like
           | any other federal police force, no extra powers just because
           | they're at the border.
        
             | akomtu wrote:
             | > can't imagine CBP just letting someone through without it
             | 
             | Depends on the border that you're trying to cross.
        
             | reaperman wrote:
             | Obviously you can come back into the country without a
             | passport/ID, it's just a hassle. It's not like they send
             | you back and now you have no citizenship.
             | 
             | They have a process for this, it just takes a long time to
             | manually confirm you are who you say you are.
        
             | CPLX wrote:
             | In actual practice though they don't. If you walk across
             | the bridge from Mexico after a night out 99 times out of
             | 100 they'll just ask your citizenship verbally and if you
             | speak English without an accent they wave you on.
        
           | Arrath wrote:
           | I can't honestly see how there is grey area, you're at a
           | border checkpoint: show some form of identification either
           | way?
           | 
           | There is no requirement for an agent to assume your
           | nationality and let you through, no? You still need to show
           | your passport even when returning home.
           | 
           | Of course, all this sovereign citizen nonsense ignores
           | reality and tries to pursue (nonexistent) legal 'gotchas'
           | like you're rules-lawyering your way into a 'rules as
           | written' game breaking combo in Magic: The Gathering.
        
             | jamesdwilson wrote:
             | Well the evidence is there on youtube if you'd like, lots
             | and lots of videos of border patrol letting people go who
             | show no ID at all. Seems to support the auditor's POV.
             | 
             | I have no dog in this fight, just an intellectual
             | curiosity.
        
               | flerchin wrote:
               | This is at Border Patrol Interior checkpoints. At which
               | you are not required to do anything except stop and ask
               | them to let you leave.
        
               | chasd00 wrote:
               | Can confirm. I've been through a number of those
               | checkpoints in SW Texas. You stop they ask a question or
               | two and then you're waved through. I've never been asked
               | to show ID. On one occasion they did have a dog walk
               | around the car but I think that is done randomly.
               | 
               | /before people ask: I'm white my wife is Mexican.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | I don't really trust YT as a source for any kind of
               | facts. CBP is pretty specific about documentation
               | required to enter the country. If you're a citizen and
               | you lack any documentation, you're going to be sitting
               | around for hours while they determine (to their
               | satisfaction) that you're who you claim to be.
               | 
               | It would also only really apply at a land crossing, I
               | imagine. You can't even get on a plane that's entering
               | the US without showing your passport at the departure
               | gate. At that point your only option if you really are
               | without documentation is to find the nearest US consulate
               | and get some travel papers.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Yes, that sounds like horrible advice. Trust your legal
               | standing to some video you saw on YT (said no lawyer
               | ever).
        
             | jamesdwilson wrote:
             | Also I never said anything about sovereign citizens. I
             | think many of these people are constitutionalists and
             | libertarians.
        
               | Arrath wrote:
               | Fair, that was a knee-jerk reaction on my own part and
               | I'll own that; that has just been my exposure and
               | experience to questions in that vein so far in my life.
               | 
               | In any case, the 'Freedom Auditor' concept mentioned in
               | your initial comment sounds, to me, like the express line
               | to "Please wait over here while I get my supervisor" from
               | your CBP agent.
        
               | SllX wrote:
               | "Am I being detained?" is a bit of a meme/dog whistle
               | associated with Sovereign Citizens so I was going to ask
               | you about if "Freedom Auditors" is just another term for
               | them up above until I saw this follow up comment; but
               | Googling it just turned up First Amendment auditors which
               | does not appear to be the same thing. Many of them are
               | libertarians and _think_ they're Constitutionalists.
               | 
               | Please clarify if I've got the wrong read on what you
               | mean though.
        
               | woah wrote:
               | It's also a very basic question to ask. Once you have
               | been arrested, there is a procedure to be followed and
               | you will probably choose to get a lawyer. At the same
               | time, they can't detain you for longer than is reasonable
               | without officially arresting you. So some may try to
               | exploit the ambiguity of a situation to make you think
               | that you are not free to leave, but without explicitly
               | detaining you. Asking this question forces them to start
               | engaging in the proper procedure for detention or arrest,
               | or admit that you are free to go.
        
               | SllX wrote:
               | That is reasonable and solid life advice, but seeing it
               | in a sentence with a phrase I don't know like "freedom
               | auditors" still leaves me confused as to the meaning of
               | the latter, and that's where my mind went first until I
               | saw the parent's follow up.
               | 
               | Like I said, the best I've found is some information on a
               | movement of "First Amendment auditors" but a literal
               | reading of what they're about has them testing First
               | Amendment jurisprudence which isn't exactly stress-
               | testing your Fourth Amendment rights in an reentry line
               | at the border, hence the request for clarification.
        
               | yardie wrote:
               | I'm neither a Sovereign Citizen or Constitutionalist.
               | I've used the "Am I being detained?" question whenever
               | the LEO starts to get too informal with me with leading
               | questions.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | anigbrowl wrote:
             | True as such, but remember that universal passports have
             | been around for barely more than a century. In previous
             | eras entry to a country was not considered important
             | government business other than during wartime. That all
             | changed in 1920.
             | 
             | https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/a-history
             | -...
        
               | jltsiren wrote:
               | There have always been border controls. Before precise
               | land borders became a thing, the checkpoints were more
               | likely to be at natural bottlenecks such as bridges,
               | mountain passes, harbors, and city gates.
               | 
               | Even in the period of supposedly free international
               | travel before WW1, the US government barred a large
               | number of people from entering the country.
        
           | alex_lav wrote:
           | IANAL, but it seems to be pretty well documented and agreed
           | upon internationally that one must produce documents to enter
           | a country. To arrive at a border crossing or port of entry
           | and assert the border agent does not have probable cause to
           | ask for documents just doesn't really seem like a grey area
           | at all.
           | 
           | The "freedom auditors" are expressing their rights to doing
           | things that are _defined as legal_ but regularly infringed
           | upon (taking pictures of public property like police station
           | lobbies, post offices and libraries). Refusing to show
           | documents at a port of entry isn't ever defined as legal,
           | AFAICT.
           | 
           | Now, this federal ruling is kind of unrelated. It's not about
           | asking for documentation, it's about the ability to search an
           | arrested person's phone after they've been arrested.
        
       | awesome_dude wrote:
       | One thing that has always confused me on this is - how can an
       | agent enforce a law on a person if that person isn't within
       | jurisdiction of that law, whilst at the same time that person
       | isn't entitled to the rights that they would have within that
       | jurisdiction.
       | 
       | Basically, how can you enforce a law on someone and at the same
       | time ignore the rights that apply to someone where that law can
       | be enforced.
       | 
       | If the person hasn't entered the country, then the law of that
       | country doesn't apply. If the person has entered the country,
       | then the rights and protections of that country also apply..
        
         | NegativeK wrote:
         | That sounds a bit like an overreading into technicalities.
         | 
         | It makes sense for border control to exist to _some_ degree.
         | That means that property and potentially people will need to be
         | searched. It also makes sense for border entry points to not
         | exist at the moving shore of a nation or in the actual air.
         | 
         | That means that an administrative concept should exist where
         | people on one side of a line are considered to be have been
         | granted entry and people on the other side aren't -- even if
         | both sides of the line are within a nation's territory.
         | 
         | That administrative concept can be (but can also not be)
         | compatible with both the goals of human rights and with the
         | goals of nation states. And at the end of the day, laws should
         | be more focused on achieving goals than fiddling with
         | nitpicking.
        
       | omginternets wrote:
       | I would urge anyone who is able to donate to the EFF. They do
       | excellent work.
       | 
       | https://www.eff.org/pages/donate-eff
       | 
       |  _Rattles tin can..._
        
         | noman-land wrote:
         | Just got my membership card in the mail :). And a hilarious
         | sticker.
         | 
         | Please, anyone reading this, consider donating to this great
         | organization that does important work on our behalf.
        
         | tracker1 wrote:
         | They're the target for my smile.amazon.com buying.
        
           | omginternets wrote:
           | I didn't realize you could do that! Thanks for the heads-up!
        
             | tracker1 wrote:
             | Apparently, it's gone now.. :-( Maybe I should just start
             | using Walmart and other options instead... I'm seeing way
             | too many "sponsored" results from Amazon lately (6 or the
             | first 8 the other day).
        
           | mdavidn wrote:
           | The AmazonSmile program ended a couple months ago.
           | 
           | https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/amazon-
           | closing...
        
             | tracker1 wrote:
             | Thanks for letting me know... that really sucks.
        
           | histriosum wrote:
           | Unfortunately Amazon cancelled the Smile program earlier this
           | year, didn't they?
        
             | tracker1 wrote:
             | Hmm... yet another reason I may just cancel and give
             | Walmart and others more consideration.
        
               | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
               | Pot/kettle. You win in neither of those scenarios.
        
               | tracker1 wrote:
               | Not saying I do... it sucks in general and is largely a
               | race to the bottom in every case.
        
               | Zetice wrote:
               | Walmart's brand of corporate Koolaid also happens to be
               | good for customers, as that's their market
               | differentiator.
        
       | egberts1 wrote:
       | would the 100-mile from the border be next or did that quickly
       | became 2,000 miles (entire USA) from the border before this OP?
        
         | tracker1 wrote:
         | It should apply to interstate domestic travel in the US, of
         | course once identified as a citizen. That said, iirc, something
         | like 90% of the US populace is within 100mi of the border
         | (including ocean).
        
       | boredumb wrote:
       | So if non-citizens are entitled to warrants after entering a
       | country illegally, how does this fare to the warrant-less five-
       | eyes surveillance against non-citizens that have not committed
       | any crimes?
        
         | anigbrowl wrote:
         | Entering the US illegally is not a crime unless you were
         | previously subject to US jurisdiction; technically it's an
         | administrative violation.
        
         | reaperman wrote:
         | I think it should be that rights from the US Constitution
         | should apply to:
         | 
         | - anyone inside the USA borders/waters
         | 
         | - and any citizens of the USA no matter where they currently
         | are (obviously only affecting the actions of US Government,
         | government of Thailand of course wouldn't be bound by US
         | Constitution).
         | 
         | But the Supreme Court disagrees with me on parts of that. So I
         | think the answer to your question is "whatever the Supreme
         | Court says."
        
           | lannisterstark wrote:
           | >I think it should be that rights from the US Constitution
           | should apply to
           | 
           | >- anyone inside the USA borders/waters
           | 
           | They do. At least all bill of rights except the 2A do. "In
           | theory" anyway.
        
           | sidewndr46 wrote:
           | as far as I'm concerned the entire EEZ would be covered. If
           | the government assert it's their territory to profit from,
           | the same rights go along with it
        
           | ComputerGuru wrote:
           | > But the Supreme Court disagrees with me on parts of that.
           | 
           | To be fair, I think SCOTUS disagrees with itself on some
           | parts of that.
        
         | halJordan wrote:
         | They're actually completely separate topics handled by
         | different areas of the law. It's like seeing a case about
         | whether an officer can pull over a speeder and the questioning
         | the legality of titling fees.
        
         | lesuorac wrote:
         | Uh pretty well?
         | 
         | In the first half of your question you clearly show that non-
         | citizens outside the US aren't protected by the constitution.
         | And the vast majority of the world are non-US citizens outside
         | of the US. So you can pretty much spy on anybody and be
         | consistent with this decision.
        
         | jameshart wrote:
         | The case concerns a resident US citizen reentering the United
         | States at a normal port of entry. The judgement explicitly
         | doesn't address whether the same arguments it makes apply to
         | non citizens or non residents.
         | 
         | This says absolutely nothing about the rights of noncitizens
         | detained after illegal entry.
        
           | heyyyouu wrote:
           | Yup. This is pretty darn narrow. Still important. But it
           | won't mean much until it works it way up.
        
       | jmclnx wrote:
       | Curious if this also applies to Laptops ? This quote does not
       | mention the scope of the ruling, but to me, the article leaves
       | come confusion to my question:
       | 
       | >The Supreme Court has not yet considered the application of the
       | border search exception to smartphones, laptops, and other
       | electronic devices
        
         | duskwuff wrote:
         | "The Supreme Court has not yet considered" simply means that
         | the court hasn't said anything either way. It isn't meant to
         | imply anything about what position they might take if they
         | considered it.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | i act as a bit of a paranoid nutter and actually shut off my
         | laptop when flying international. it's pretty much the only
         | time i do that. the question is not answered to my
         | satisfaction, so that's the choice i make in response.
        
           | bonestamp2 wrote:
           | What does shutting it off do? As far as I understand, they
           | can still require a search. I had it happen once when
           | entering Canada, they said if I didn't consent to the search
           | they would confiscate my laptop. I let them search it, and
           | obviously they didn't find anything incriminating, but it
           | felt so violating watching them go through all my personal
           | photos.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | full disk encryption keys are not in memory yet
        
             | notfed wrote:
             | Does this mean they asked you to unlock it / decrypt it?
        
           | Zetice wrote:
           | In enhanced security checks in the EU, they often make you
           | turn on your electronic devices.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | can they force you to log in?
        
               | Zetice wrote:
               | When this has happened to me, it's been about ensuring
               | the device can turn on at all, they don't investigate
               | what's on it.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | with this concept of testing for actual electronic
               | equipment vs nefarious object disguised as an electronic
               | device my protections of shutdown still hold
        
               | Zetice wrote:
               | Sure, but it's overkill. You'll have to turn it on anyway
               | if you're selected.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | ok_dad wrote:
       | Please note that this specific ruling was still that the motion
       | to supress be denined, because the agents thought they had a
       | legal right to search the phone and because they later got a
       | warrant for the contents of the copy they made, so the defendant
       | still got fucked even though his rights were trampled, simply
       | because the agents were too fucking ignorant to know that what
       | they were doing was illegal per the SCOTUS 2014 decision.
       | 
       | td;dr: government agents can use ignorance of the law to get away
       | with breaking it
       | 
       | --
       | 
       | a quote from the decision:
       | 
       | > Nonetheless, that still leaves the question whether to suppress
       | the evidence from such an unlawful search. Here, the Court
       | determines that the "good faith" exception precludes suppression,
       | both because at the time of the search, the agents conducting the
       | search had an objectively reasonable basis for believing that
       | there was legal authority binding on them that authorized such a
       | search and also because the Government ultimately obtained a
       | search warrant to search the phone copy, disclosing all relevant
       | details of the search to a neutral magistrate. For these reasons,
       | further elaborated below, the Court reaffirms its prior denial of
       | Smith's motion to suppress.
        
         | lesuorac wrote:
         | I mean that ChatGPT Lawyer had good faith in that ChatGPT gave
         | him valid case citations ...
        
         | biofunsf wrote:
         | The government's argument here is that if the agents knew they
         | had to obtain a warrant to search the phone, they would have
         | held the individual, or just their phone, until they got the
         | warrant and it would have been searched anyway. If they were
         | unable to obtain a warrant then the phone's contents would be
         | suppressed.
         | 
         | While it's now clear that warrantless border searches of cell
         | phones are illegal, the very fact that this took 4 years and
         | had to go all the way up to the Supreme Court to determine this
         | means there was ambiguity. It's not that the agents were
         | "ignorant of the law", it's that the law was unclear on this
         | aspect. If agents were just ignorant of well established law
         | this never would have made it to the Supreme Court. And these
         | decisions generally don't apply retroactively. (For example,
         | abortions in states with laws on the books completely outlawing
         | abortions aren't retroactively treated as crimes even though
         | the Supreme Court recently overruled Roe v Wade and said that
         | states are allowed to outlaw abortions.)
         | 
         | Of course, I absolutely agree with your sentiment. It's absurd
         | this was ambiguous in the first place and that it took this
         | long to establish that these warrantless border phone searches
         | were illegal.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | It is quite astounding that this was allowed to stand in spite
         | of it being _against the law_.
        
           | tiahura wrote:
           | Shouldn't the consequence of the agent not doing their job be
           | that the agent gets fired? Why should a criminal benefit? If
           | his rights were violated, he can sue.
        
             | throwway120385 wrote:
             | One of the consequences of an agent being bad at their job
             | is that they accidentally put the wrong person in jail for
             | a crime. Because some of the drafters felt that it was more
             | important to protect the innocent, they decided to put the
             | onus on the government to follow procedure when trying
             | suspects.
        
             | ok_dad wrote:
             | > Why should a criminal benefit?
             | 
             | Because that's the way the 4th amendment works. If the
             | state isn't good enough at their job to train their agents
             | properly, then fuck 'em.
             | 
             | > If his rights were violated, he can sue.
             | 
             | They were, he did, and this case was the result. His rights
             | were simply violated with no recourse, is what this judge
             | said.
        
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