[HN Gopher] Health officials delayed report linking fluoride to ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Health officials delayed report linking fluoride to brain harm
        
       Author : gjsman-1000
       Score  : 451 points
       Date   : 2023-05-28 19:24 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.salon.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.salon.com)
        
       | dm808 wrote:
       | This extensive review has been available since 2006:
       | https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11571/fluoride-in-...
       | Neurotoxicity, especially in the presence of iodine deficiency,
       | which is common, has been clearly documented. Toothpaste level
       | exposure is enough to lower IQ in iodine deficiency.
        
         | ycombinete wrote:
         | So does that mean that it's fine if we're not iodine deficient?
        
       | throw28523 wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | TheAceOfHearts wrote:
       | Adding fluoride to water has always seemed weird to me, since you
       | can't control for how much water someone is drinking or account
       | for different bodily factors like age and weight. I wonder why
       | the European solution of adding it to salt isn't the default,
       | especially given that iodized salt is already so popular and
       | commonplace.
       | 
       | As a general rule of thumb, I think it's interesting to
       | scrutinize dosage recommendations and compare regulations between
       | countries. If someone claims that the science on some topic is
       | well settled then health officials in multiple countries should
       | arrive at roughly similar results. If there's a discrepancy
       | between the suggestions made by health officials in the US and
       | EU, it's worth asking why.
        
         | osigurdson wrote:
         | I think the obvious answer is, we can't actually tell one way
         | or the other if it is a net benefit. However, humans can't
         | handle uncertainty so must be told in confident tones that the
         | decision is the correct one. If anyone questions the
         | established decision, they must be discredited.
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | It's worse than that. We may know perfectly well which way is
           | better on the net. But since masses can't handle uncertainty,
           | you can't just say "doing this is more beneficial on the net"
           | - you have to project certainty, or else people will
           | interpret your lack of confidence as indicative of scheming,
           | and do the opposite.
        
             | osigurdson wrote:
             | What related problem domains are understood "perfectly
             | well"?
             | 
             | I think until we can accurately simulate the human body,
             | there is essentially no hope for these areas. Unless it is
             | possible to run highly controlled multi-generational
             | studies with large numbers of people, statistical
             | significance cannot be attained. Various meta analysis are
             | funded and completed, but these do not count as strict
             | definition science requires actual experiments to be
             | independently replicated.
        
         | Garvi wrote:
         | >it's worth asking why
         | 
         | It's been a popular and wide spread conspiracy theory that the
         | "shadow government" is either trying to lower the IQ or the
         | total population numbers using fluoride in the water supply.
         | And since politicians don't get chosen on a basis of
         | competency, but rather popularity, you have the vast majority
         | being relatively severely logically challenged and thus unable
         | to read scientific papers and understand complicated topics
         | like child dental care.
        
           | jiggawatts wrote:
           | Or any topic that involves more than one interacting
           | decision, a graph, or any numbers at all.
           | 
           | COVID made it pretty clear that neither the general
           | population nor most politicians are remotely qualified to
           | make decisions. Not just medical decisions, just...
           | decisions.
        
         | shrx wrote:
         | EU citizen here, they're not putting it in salt here, but in
         | toothpaste.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | cinntaile wrote:
           | He's probably confusing it with iodide.
        
             | Timon3 wrote:
             | My german salt has both iodide and fluoride.
        
               | neuronic wrote:
               | 'german salt' sounds funny to me.
               | 
               | Let's say you're buying the most popular and common
               | brand, Bad Reichenhall. This is your selection:
               | 
               | https://www.bad-reichenhaller.de/en/products.html
               | 
               | In most supermarkets you get almost all of these options.
               | Disclaimer is I have never seen the one with Selenium
               | added.
        
               | raverbashing wrote:
               | I wonder what's the mineral composition of the 'pure
               | salt' (it certainly contains some trace minerals) and/or
               | the famed pink salt
               | 
               | Wouldn't be surprising if it naturally had some fluoride
        
           | tpush wrote:
           | Salt is definitely commonly supplemented with fluoride, say
           | least in Germany.
        
             | mbg721 wrote:
             | Does it noticeably change the taste?
        
             | neuronic wrote:
             | It's on the label and you can decide to just buy the non-
             | fluoride version. Not sure how salt in processed food or
             | restaurants is used though - this is the 'out-of-control'
             | factor here.
        
         | taskforcegemini wrote:
         | so salt would not only be bad for my heart but also for my
         | brain?
        
         | adrian_b wrote:
         | No, fluoride must not be added to any food or beverage, because
         | it provides no benefits whatsoever when ingested.
         | 
         | Fluoride is beneficial only when applied externally on the
         | dental enamel, so that the fluoride ions will passively
         | substitute the hydroxide ions. There is no known biological
         | process that uses actively fluoride in the human body and
         | excessive ingested fluoride has bad effects, e.g. bone damage.
         | 
         | Therefore fluoride must be added only to tooth paste and mouth
         | washes, which provides all the benefits and none of the risks.
         | 
         | Intentionally ingesting fluoride is incredibly stupid and it is
         | beyond my power of understanding how this could be mandated by
         | law in USA and in some other countries which imitated USA
         | irrationally.
        
           | levzettelin wrote:
           | Some people lack the self control to use toothpaste
           | regularly. For those people it's beneficial adding flouride
           | to water.
        
             | x-complexity wrote:
             | > Some people lack the self control to use toothpaste
             | regularly. For those people it's beneficial adding flouride
             | to water.
             | 
             | At some point, we can't just replace individual personal
             | responsibility with the State as a solution. This attitude
             | just reeks of infantilization of the total populace just
             | because a certain percentage of them lack such self
             | control.
             | 
             | If you still want to provide support to them, make it
             | targeted towards those individuals in need of such help. Do
             | not drag down the rest of the populace in order to make the
             | lives of a few easier.
        
               | CogitoCogito wrote:
               | > At some point, we can't just replace individual
               | personal responsibility with the State as a solution.
               | 
               | Have we reached that point? If so, why?
        
               | levzettelin wrote:
               | I don't think I was expressing much of an attitude in my
               | comment. Just a factual statement that seeks to explain
               | why the intervention is successful even though better
               | alternatives clearly exist.
               | 
               | I don't think water should be flouridated and I don't
               | think we should provide support for people lacking self
               | control.
        
             | oblak wrote:
             | This has to be satire. What sort of incredible self control
             | does something like this require? Where does it end?
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | It's not satire. It takes enough self-control/willpower
               | that, for example, a lot of people suffering from ADHD
               | have problems with it. There are a lot of people out
               | there who just aren't capable of habituating the tasks of
               | brushing their teeth to the point of being done on
               | autopilot - they have to consciously make themselves do
               | it every time.
               | 
               | And that's _after_ more than half a century of brushing
               | teeth being a cultural expectation _and_ something kids
               | are taught in schools.
               | 
               | And that's not counting people in dire economic
               | conditions, where frequency of brushing teeth with
               | fluoride toothpaste is something to trade off against
               | e.g. _eating_.
               | 
               | It's the 21st century. If we know anything about people,
               | we know that self control and "free will" are overrated,
               | and you can't rely on them at scale. On the contrary, you
               | can rely on people having very predictable reactions to
               | right nudges and incentives. It's the basis of modern
               | economy and policymaking. It's the entire reason
               | marketing and advertising are as big and well-paying jobs
               | as they are. Etc.
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | I can imagine that there might exist people who cannot
               | brush their teeth.
               | 
               | However, for such people the solution is not to drink
               | fluoridated water, but to use fluoridated water to wash
               | their mouth and then spit it.
               | 
               | If they cannot take water in mouth and spit it, then they
               | certainly cannot feed themselves and they need permanent
               | care. Whoever does that should also take care of their
               | teeth.
               | 
               | Regarding money, I cannot believe that to be an obstacle.
               | I eat relatively cheap food, because I buy only raw
               | ingredients that I cook myself. Therefore in most days
               | food costs me at most $5. I doubt that anyone who is
               | really poor succeeds to spend much less for food. I wash
               | my teeth after each meal with rather expensive tooth
               | pastes from Colgate or Sensodyne. Even so, the daily cost
               | for the tooth paste is at least 30 or 50 times less than
               | the cost of food, so unless there is some remote place
               | where the price of tooth paste is much more than 10 times
               | more expensive than in Europe or North America, I cannot
               | believe that being poor would prevent someone to brush
               | their teeth. They would die of hunger much sooner than
               | that.
        
               | nwiswell wrote:
               | You think it's satire that there are people that don't
               | brush their teeth but do drink water?
        
               | Moru wrote:
               | You could give targeted help to the ones that needs it,
               | it would be more efficient to help them brush their teeth
               | than just adding fluoride to the water that everyone
               | drinks.
        
               | Timon3 wrote:
               | How would you target them, and what would make it more
               | efficient?
        
               | Moru wrote:
               | We do it by noticing who needs help on the free dental
               | checkups during the first years of life usually. If they
               | have some sort of handicap, they can get help physically
               | brushing or support to do it themselves every day. Helps
               | a lot more than adding something that might work a little
               | in everyones water.
        
               | Timon3 wrote:
               | On what basis have you evaluated that it "helps a lot
               | more"? What if your method doesn't lead to more people
               | actively brushing their teeth, thus reducing the amount
               | of people with properly protected teeth (since they are
               | also missing fluoride now), increasing amount of dental
               | healthcare required?
        
               | elif wrote:
               | You have to consider that these people have lost some
               | cognitive faculty by ingested fluoride so they may not be
               | capable of rational self interested decision-making.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | triyambakam wrote:
             | The parent stated clearly it doesn't work by ingestion.
        
           | mihaaly wrote:
           | adrian_b vs. health scientists throughout the world and
           | history, ca. 1:1e10
           | 
           | Who to believe here, who should we believe here, hm, very
           | difficult problem, adrian_b's passionate statements or
           | practically all the professionals of the world. I go and
           | contemplate over this for a while now. : )
        
             | jstanley wrote:
             | 1e10 people is about 10% of everyone who has ever lived.
             | It's more than the current global population.
        
               | mihaaly wrote:
               | One can score multiple times! : )
        
             | adrian_b wrote:
             | If you judge the truth of the information you receive based
             | on the claimed authority of those who provide it, instead
             | of using your own mind to discern whether that information
             | is logically consistent or inconsistent, that is sad and I
             | believe that this should be a cause of concern for you.
             | 
             | Consider the following facts, which can be easily be
             | verified in countless sources, e.g. in books written by
             | real chemists or "health scientists":
             | 
             | The mineral component of the teeth and bones grown by a
             | human body is made of hydroxylapatite.
             | 
             | When a hydroxylapatite crystal is immersed in a water
             | solution of fluoride ions, in the superficial layer of the
             | crystal, which is in contact with the fluoride solution,
             | some of the hydroxide anions from the crystal are dissolved
             | in the water and they are substituted by fluoride anions,
             | thus converting the superficial layer of the
             | hydroxylapatite into fluorapatite.
             | 
             | The fluoride ions bond more strongly to apatite than the
             | hydroxide ions, so once formed the fluorapatite layer is
             | more resistant to dissolution than the parent
             | hydroxylapatite.
             | 
             | In the conversion of hydroxylapatite into fluorapatite,
             | like in any other chemical reaction, the converted amount
             | increases with the concentration of the reactant, i.e. of
             | fluoride and with the time of contact between
             | hydroxylapatite and solution.
             | 
             | All of the above explain how the contact between the tooth
             | enamel and a fluoride solution creates a superficial tooth
             | layer that is more resistant to dissolution, which
             | decreases the likelihood of tooth cavities.
             | 
             | The dependences of the conversion efficacy on fluoride
             | concentration and on contact time explain why tooth
             | brushing or mouth washing are far more effective in enamel
             | hardening than drinking fluoridated water, when the
             | fluoride concentration is low and the contact time is very
             | short and most of the fluoride never enters in contact with
             | the tooth enamel to have a chance to harden it.
             | 
             | After the fluoride is ingested, it never comes again in
             | contact with the tooth enamel, so there is no way for it to
             | harden the enamel.
             | 
             | Please tell us how your "1E10 health scientists throughout
             | the world and history" have told you that ingested fluoride
             | from inside your body can harden the tooth enamel from
             | outside your body.
             | 
             | Perhaps the fluoride ions use _The Force_ to harden the
             | enamel from a distance?
             | 
             | The fluoride ions are carried by blood in most parts of the
             | body, but the tooth enamel does not contain blood vessels.
             | Even if it had blood vessels, they would have been buried
             | in it and they would not have reached the external surface
             | of the teeth, which is where the fluoride is needed for
             | protection against dissolution.
             | 
             | Moreover, the fluoride ions spread uniformly in the entire
             | blood volume. Only a small part of the ions pass close to
             | the teeth, most of them pass through the bigger organs,
             | including through the bigger bones, which, unlike the tooth
             | enamel, contain numerous blood vessels.
             | 
             | Because the fluoride ions have high affinity for apatite,
             | many of those passing through the bones stop there and
             | remain incorporated in the mineral part of the bones.
             | 
             | While at the surface of the teeth fluoride is desirable, in
             | bones it is harmful because it makes the bones more
             | fragile, increasing the likelihood of fractures.
             | 
             | In conclusion, when drinking fluoridated water, only very
             | little fluoride is retained in the tooth enamel, but most
             | ends in the bones, so this method is much more effective in
             | making the bones fragile than in hardening the tooth
             | enamel.
             | 
             | There are only 3 ways in which the ingested fluoride could
             | protect against tooth cavities: eating one's own excrement,
             | washing the mouth with one's own urine or biting one's own
             | body and drinking one's own blood or washing the mouth with
             | it.
             | 
             | Whoever does not have such habits will not receive dental
             | health benefits from ingested fluoride.
             | 
             | I look forward to see how "all the professionals of the
             | world" can explain the magical ingested fluoride effect
             | claimed to exist by the proponents of drinking water
             | fluoridation.
        
               | mihaaly wrote:
               | I am so very sorry stepping on something so sensitive.
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | It is not something sensitive, but I dislike the fact
               | that the camp who has introduced water fluoridation does
               | not have any rational or experimental argument in its
               | favor, yet there are many who believe that water
               | fluoridation is supported by "health scientists", so I
               | believe that it is necessary to speak against such
               | disinformation.
               | 
               | Hardening the tooth enamel by fluoride is exactly like an
               | anti-corrosive treatment of a steel surface.
               | 
               | If someone would propose that instead of applying the
               | anti-rust layer on the external steel surface, a hole
               | should be made in the steel, then the anti-corrosive
               | coating should be put inside, then the hole should be
               | plugged, enclosing inside the anti-corrosive material,
               | and after all this they would expect that the external
               | untreated steel surface will not rust, they would be
               | laughed at. But this is equivalent with the theory that
               | one should drink fluoridated water to harden the tooth
               | enamel.
        
               | hgsgm wrote:
               | Putting water in your mouth is external application.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | elif wrote:
           | >it is beyond my power of understanding how this could be
           | mandated by law in USA
           | 
           | Consider that fluoride ingestion has been linked with
           | increased anxiety and depression[*]. Depending upon one's
           | political objectives, this could be a desirable outcome. For
           | instance, the "anti-terror" decades of invasion would be
           | easier to accept for an anxious public. Or depression may
           | lead to more consumer activity.
           | 
           | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258252498_Fluoride_.
           | ..
        
             | kodah wrote:
             | At the time Republicans reported much better mental health
             | than Democrats [1]. iirc, this study was reproduced with
             | children as well (in terms of kids raised under a political
             | ideology).
             | 
             | Moreover, as someone else pointed out, watching commercial
             | airliners fly into skyscrapers and having our world upended
             | with military guards at airports and new governmental
             | snooping powers that we just had to accept is all pretty
             | much enough for the things you mentioned.
             | 
             | 1: https://news.gallup.com/poll/102943/republicans-report-
             | much-...
        
             | drewcon wrote:
             | Or, hear me out, watching terrorists kamikaze a few
             | commercial airliners into a couple of buildings in downtown
             | Manhattan and the Pentagon live on TV was actually kind of
             | a nerve racking on its own irrespective of what the
             | dissolved minerals in our tap water might have told us.
        
               | elif wrote:
               | Yet we didn't question the non-involvement of the 7
               | nations we invaded, nor question the lack of invasion of
               | the responsible nation.
               | 
               | Society comforted themselves with the official narrative
               | while branding whistleblowers conspiracy theorists.
        
               | elif wrote:
               | Also calling it a "dissolved mineral" is pointlessly
               | euphemistic. Fluoride is sold as a poison.
               | 
               | You may as well call the following "dissolved minerals":
               | lead, arsenic, uranium, mercury, asbestos
        
               | hgsgm wrote:
               | Table salt kills slugs.
        
           | dash2 wrote:
           | Given that the health bureaucracies of many countries seem to
           | disagree with you, you need to cite more evidence and sources
           | to support this claim. You can't just do it by strong
           | assertion.
        
             | Consultant32452 wrote:
             | Having the health bureaucracies in many countries all
             | agreeing on something would have been convincing enough for
             | me three years ago. Now, it means nothing.
        
             | tnel77 wrote:
             | >>You can't just do it by strong assertion.
             | 
             | Sir, this is the internet. Sources are for the weak. Just
             | type your response so it's passionate and angry and people
             | will believe you!
        
               | hkt wrote:
               | My father was a fluoride ion and was added to a city
               | water supply! Are you telling me his sacrifice was in
               | vain?! >:(
        
           | jjcon wrote:
           | > it is beyond my power of understanding how this could be
           | mandated by law in USA
           | 
           | It isn't mandated by law in the USA. All water contains some
           | naturally occurring fluoride, some localities choose to add
           | additional fluoride to their water in the USA but certainly
           | not all. I'm pretty sure it is added in something like 60% of
           | city water supplies.
        
           | blackhaz wrote:
           | Wouldn't some part of toothpaste end up ingested? With strong
           | fluoride pastes (like those 5000 ppm specialized ones) could
           | there also be a risk?
        
             | adrian_b wrote:
             | Obviously a little fluoride will be ingested. However it is
             | doubtful that this would increase much the total amount of
             | fluoride that is ingested daily, mainly from the plants
             | that you eat and from the natural water that you drink.
             | 
             | When you brush your teeth with fluoridated paste or you
             | wash your mouth with a fluoride solution and you spit it,
             | most of the fluoride acts against the tooth enamel to
             | harden it and only a little is ingested.
             | 
             | On the other hand, when you drink fluoridated water, only
             | very little of the fluoride acts against the tooth enamel
             | to harden it and most of it is ingested, which will provide
             | no further benefits, but which might have bad effects.
             | 
             | How there is even a discussion about which choice is
             | better, beats me.
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | > which will provide no further benefits
               | 
               | Source please.
        
               | jtbayly wrote:
               | I'd say anybody claiming the opposite would need to
               | provide a source.
               | 
               | Or even just a theoretical reason to _think_ it could be
               | beneficial. All I've ever heard is that the benefit is in
               | tooth contact.
        
               | hgsgm wrote:
               | When you assume the reality that many people don't brush,
               | the benefits of brushing have no impact.
        
               | webworker wrote:
               | That's before even considering topical application
               | through the gums
        
             | tomatocracy wrote:
             | Yes - in the UK at least that's one of the reasons why the
             | ultra high fluoride toothpastes are effectively only
             | available when prescribed by a dentist.
        
             | mihaaly wrote:
             | It is on the digestive system, but the benefits are much
             | greater.
        
             | Semaphor wrote:
             | > (like those 5000 ppm specialized ones)
             | 
             | Those also come with a warning to only use it once a week,
             | and to limit contact to 2-5 minutes. At least, all I've
             | seen in Germany.
             | 
             | edit: Okay, apparently those I'm talking about have 12,500
             | ppm, I don't know about 5000 ppm as I have not seen those.
        
           | aatd86 wrote:
           | They give that to babies in France...
           | 
           | I have swallowed my fair share of fluoride pills.
           | 
           | Are you to tell me that I should have been a galaxy brain but
           | am now a smooth brain? Fvck!
        
             | rjzzleep wrote:
             | Wow WTF I've found french baby products to be quite nice
             | but somehow child birth it's a weird industry there. I
             | remember there was heavy lobbying to increase people's
             | wishes for c sections there.
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | C sections are more profitable!
        
           | dharma1 wrote:
           | I've been thinking about this recently - fluorapatite is
           | stronger than hydroxyapatite when it bonds to enamel, and
           | less soluble by acid. But fluoride doesn't occur in any
           | natural processes in the body - while hydroxyapatite is a
           | perfect biomimetic - very safe, you can swallow it safely -
           | and also works great in toothpaste to remineralise teeth.
           | 
           | Currently using BioMin F (fluorapatite - very little fluoride
           | due to a novel delivery mechanism but still) but considering
           | switching to BioMin C (nanohydroxyapatite)
        
             | opan wrote:
             | I've used both apagard and boka toothpastes with
             | nanohydroxyapatite and I've enjoyed them, though my tooth
             | sensitivity is not totally cured. I still get a jolt of
             | pain from sweet things on certain teeth occasionally.
             | 
             | These n-Ha toothpastes seem at least equal to if not
             | greater than high-fluoride options (in effectiveness) I
             | tried previously like sensodyne and prevident
             | (prescription-strength). I would say the boka mint
             | toothpaste tastes better also, and as a bonus their
             | electric toothbrush is much nicer than the old one I'd used
             | a few years ago.
             | 
             | I still drink water with fluoride in it as well, mostly
             | because it's the best tasting water I've come across. (From
             | a city I grew up in, and I still fill jugs full to drink at
             | home) I have well water at my house, which is safe as far
             | as I know, but I still feel hesitant to swallow it.
        
               | krackers wrote:
               | Boka only has 2% nHAP, compared to the 7% of apagard
               | premio or 10% of apagard royal.
        
             | gregwebs wrote:
             | Another option is just hydroxyapatite without the nano
             | (sometimes nano particles end up having their own safety
             | issues). A higher hydroxyapatite concentration might work
             | almost as well. Kinder Karex is such a toothpaste.
             | https://www.consumerlab.com/answers/finding-the-best-
             | toothpa...
        
           | elif wrote:
           | > beyond my power of understanding how this could be mandated
           | 
           | There is of course the "that was the plan all along"
           | hypothesis, that mild cognitive decay on a large scale is a
           | useful outcome for control purposes.
        
             | concordDance wrote:
             | It really isn't.
             | 
             | Lower cognition is strongly associated with dissatisfaction
             | and violence, not to mention much lower economic
             | productivity (less taxes!).
        
               | xtian wrote:
               | Who cares about taxes when you can print money?
        
               | concordDance wrote:
               | Money has value because of what it buys.
               | 
               | If a society is making 400 widgets it doesn't matter
               | whether each is priced at $2 or $999, the government will
               | only be able to get 400 widgets.
               | 
               | A stupider population makes much less widgets.
        
               | xtian wrote:
               | What if a country's economy doesn't make widgets at all
               | but merely controls the system of international finance
               | which is premised upon its own debt?
        
               | webworker wrote:
               | Do the people at the top care if the population can make
               | 400 widgets, or that they maintain their status?
        
               | elif wrote:
               | It's only a hypothesis and all cognitive impairment is
               | not uniform.
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | You might prefer the term "conspiracy theory"
        
               | drekipus wrote:
               | > strongly associated with dissatisfaction and violence,
               | 
               | dissatisfaction and violence are the easiest problems for
               | a state to deal with.
        
           | thrashh wrote:
           | Well it halved childhood cavities in the 50s. It did its job
           | and I don't think it's hard to understand why it was done.
           | 
           | Same reason why they stared iodine to salt... because people
           | were having mental development issues.
           | 
           | Now is it still necessary? That's a different question but
           | let's not pretend that we don't know why it was done.
        
             | elzbardico wrote:
             | 1. We know that topic fluoride usage increased resistance
             | to caries.
             | 
             | 2. It is kind of difficult to consume fluorinated water
             | without exposing your teeth topically to the fluoride.
             | 
             | 3. Ingesting fluorine is definitely not good for you and
             | recent studies seem to confirm this.
             | 
             | So, it seems to me that while fluorinating drinking water
             | would incidentally topically expose teeth to its beneficial
             | effects, we don't really need to fluorinate our drinking
             | water as there are other ways to expose teeth topically to
             | fluorine that don't involve drinking fluorinated water.
             | 
             | And no, fluorinating water was not a good decision because
             | of the cautionary principle. Even from the beginning, they
             | knew that the effects came from topical exposure, adding it
             | to drinking water was reckless.
             | 
             | But hell, this was the time where we added lead to
             | gasoline.
        
             | Alexqw85 wrote:
             | > Same reason why they stared iodine to salt... because
             | people were having mental development issues.
             | 
             | This is not directly related to the topic of Fluoride, but
             | Iodine was actually initially introduced to reduce goiters.
             | The mental benefits were a wonderful, unexpected side-
             | effect. Studies have put the effects anywhere between 8-15
             | IQ bump for populations that were Iodine deficient. Pretty
             | jaw dropping when you think about it.
        
               | psychphysic wrote:
               | About 2.5% of the population has an intellectual
               | impairment (if mean IQ is 100, and SD 15, 2.5% have IQ
               | less than 70 the WHO cut off). Of this 2.5% some will
               | have social/adaptive impaitment similarly 2SD below the
               | mean and have an "intellectual/learning disability".
               | 
               | Move that mean down one SD (15 IQ points). And now OVER
               | 15% of the people meet the intellectual impairment
               | criteria.
               | 
               | Put it another way, due to the shape of the normal
               | distribition moving IQ down 10-15 points amounts to 2-3X
               | increase in the number with abnormally low IQ.
               | 
               | Cut to the modern era, where fewer and fewer jobs are
               | available for those with intellectual impairments, and
               | the world requires more and more technical prowess and
               | the situation is far worse than the figures appear.
        
             | koboll wrote:
             | I think there might be some confounders at play here.
             | 
             | Consider this excerpt from Wikipedia's article on 'Tooth
             | brushing':
             | 
             | > In the United States, although toothbrushes were
             | available at the end of the 19th century, the practice did
             | not become widespread until after the Second World War,
             | when US soldiers continued the tooth brushing that had been
             | required during their military service.[4]
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_brushing
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Different communities added fluoride at different times,
               | it's not hard to adjust for other factors when you're
               | drowning in such data.
        
               | koboll wrote:
               | It actually seems like it is hard:
               | 
               | >Water fluoridation reduces cavities in children, while
               | efficacy in adults is less clear.[9][10] A Cochrane
               | review estimates a reduction in cavities when water
               | fluoridation was used by children who had no access to
               | other sources of fluoride to be 35% in baby teeth and 26%
               | in permanent teeth.[9] However, this was based on older
               | studies which failed to control for numerous variables,
               | such as increasing sugar consumption as well as other
               | dental strategies.[9] Most European countries have
               | experienced substantial declines in tooth decay, though
               | milk and salt fluoridation is widespread in lieu of water
               | fluoridation.[11] Recent studies suggest that water
               | fluoridation, particularly in industrialized nations, may
               | be unnecessary because topical fluorides (such as in
               | toothpaste) are widely used, and caries rates have become
               | low.[3]
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_fluoridation
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Outsife the US, fluoride is added to tooth paste. Sounds
               | like a better idea to me.
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | Outside the US, it's added to water too
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Africa: 400,000 people out of 1.1 billion get fluorides
               | in there water.
               | 
               | Asia: close to none in China (didn't find any hard
               | numbers), none in India, less than 1% in Japan. Only
               | Malaysia is doing it at any resonable scale.
               | 
               | Europe: 2% of the population get it, roughly 14 million
               | people with 10.5 million of those being in the UK and
               | Ireland.
               | 
               | So that leaves North America, with the exception of
               | Mexico which jas high natural fluoride levels and
               | fluorides salt, Australia and Latin America.
               | 
               | Going by these numbers, the majority of people get
               | fluoride through different means from drinking water.
               | Afroca of cpurse has a lot of other issues regarding
               | drinking water, starting with the exostince of clean
               | drinking water itself.
               | 
               | Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_fluoridatio
               | n_by_countr...
               | 
               | So techinicalls you are correct, overall much less so.
        
             | throw0101b wrote:
             | > _Now is it still necessary?_
             | 
             | An experiment in Windsor, Ontario (across the border from
             | Detroit, MI):
             | 
             | > _Yemmi Calito 's children are patients of Dr. Meriano.
             | The two oldest kids were raised on fluoridated water in
             | Windsor and both have healthy teeth. Her two youngest
             | weren't, and they've had to be treated for serious tooth
             | decay. Calito said their oral hygiene habits are the same._
             | 
             | > _" The younger two I feel they have more cavities,"
             | Calito said. "My little one, my three-year-old, actually
             | had to go have general anesthesia ... [about] four weeks
             | ago to get his teeth fixed. They were in pretty bad
             | shape."_
             | 
             | * https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/fluoride-tap-
             | water-1.4990257
             | 
             | Calgary, AB, stopped and has recently decided to restart:
             | 
             | * https://calgary.citynews.ca/2022/11/17/calgary-fluoride-
             | wate...
             | 
             | The public voted in 2021 to stop:
             | 
             | > _What's happened since 2012? A study found that within a
             | couple of years of ending fluoridation, decay in children's
             | baby teeth had risen by 65 per cent compared to 2005, while
             | the increase was only 14 per cent in Edmonton, which
             | continues to fluoridate its water. "We weren't looking at
             | little tiny cavities that needed to be fixed. They were
             | large cavities, they were destroyed teeth," says dental
             | hygienist Denise Kokaram, who led a dental program for
             | vulnerable Calgary youth in the wake of fluoridation's
             | discontinuation._
             | 
             | > _In 2019, the University of Calgary's public health
             | institute summarized for council's benefit the body of
             | science on fluoridation--the abundant evidence that it
             | curbs tooth decay in both children and adults, and the lack
             | of conclusive evidence of the myriad harms that anti-
             | fluoride activists allege, from bone deterioration to brain
             | disease. (Authorities have lowered recommended fluoride
             | levels in water to limit the risk of fluorosis, a condition
             | that mainly causes mild tooth discoloration.)_
             | 
             | * https://macleans.ca/news/after-a-decade-of-cavities-will-
             | cal...
        
               | spacephysics wrote:
               | Hot take: why don't we stop the root cause of the
               | problem, instead of the insestuous habit of layering on
               | symptom management on top of symptom management.
               | 
               | Stop giving kids these insanely high levels of sugar. No
               | soda is a great start.
               | 
               | Same thorn in my side is this completely crazy trend that
               | this new life-long injection Ozempic/Wegovy is being
               | suggested for kids 12 and up. Like what? It also
               | atrophies muscle, tendons, and bones.
               | 
               | I hope with the next generation of leaders, we stop this
               | madness of blindly trusting big pharma and corporations
               | and ask where the money trail goes, and what may
               | _actually_ be best for our kids and loved ones.
        
               | api wrote:
               | Sugar is everywhere in everything. Reducing kids intake
               | of sugar requires a level of vigilance bordering on
               | isolation from society, especially since human children
               | seem genetically programmed to crave sugar and simple
               | carbohydrates. If it's around most kids will eat little
               | else.
               | 
               | I kind of remember this from being a kid. Until I was a
               | teen anything with complex or savory tastes was
               | absolutely disgusting. Only carbs, sugars, and very
               | simple flavors and textures seemed edible. It changed
               | when I got to around 12-14 when suddenly a salad was okay
               | and some vegetables started to taste good. Another few
               | years and I'd eat all kinds of things. Became a bit of a
               | foodie by college.
               | 
               | It's got to be some relic of early hominid evolution. My
               | speculation is that in nature there are a lot of savory
               | things that are toxic. So kids have a natural aversion to
               | them until they are old enough to have learned the tribal
               | knowledge about what is okay to eat. Sweet and carby
               | things are usually safe to eat. If a kid eats random
               | berries or grains thats probably okay. Random mushrooms
               | or plants might kill them. Random sources of protein can
               | also contain parasites or nasty infections.
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | > Reducing kids intake of sugar requires a level of
               | vigilance bordering on isolation from society,
               | 
               | You are a good parent for recognizing this and speaking
               | up.
               | 
               | This is why I praise my child and treat him (not with
               | sweets) every time that he turns down candy at friends'
               | houses or parties. When the parent stands between the
               | child and sweets, he is considered neurotic by other
               | parents. When the child stands his ground, he is praised.
               | I've been fortunate that all three of my children have
               | stood with me on this stance.
        
               | ricardobeat wrote:
               | > Reducing kids intake of sugar requires a level of
               | vigilance bordering on isolation from society
               | 
               | No, it requires... parenting and education? And stopping
               | children from being exposed to ads for sugary crap 12
               | hours a day.
               | 
               | Habits are a huge part of it. Kids who "would only eat
               | sugar if they could" are already used to consuming lots
               | of sugar. They will definitely not starve themselves to
               | death if no sugar/carbs are easily available in the
               | house.
               | 
               | Here in the Netherlands a lot of (but not all) kids
               | choose to snack on cucumbers etc and are quite reserved
               | in how much candy they eat. School doesn't allow high-
               | carb foods. Parties will have fries, lemonade and cake,
               | no soda or infinite amounts of candy. Mine is approaching
               | the early teens and hasn't ever drank soda, without
               | suffering any peer pressure (yet).
        
               | kelseyfrog wrote:
               | Is this a worse is better argument? I'm having a hard
               | time understanding how it makes this a better solution
               | than fluoridated water. It sounds like a moral argument
               | against sugar rather than a practical solution to fight
               | tooth decay.
        
               | ricardobeat wrote:
               | I'm not sure I understand what you mean by "worse is
               | better". Fluoridation came about as a stop gap for bad
               | dental hygiene and eating habits. We have all the
               | resources to make this a non-issue in most of the world.
               | I don't consider this a moral argument, it's a public
               | health issue.
               | 
               | I see this like mandating using a helmet and HANS device
               | when driving drunk. Surely it might help reduce
               | casualties, but is not addressing the problem that people
               | are inflicting unto themselves.
        
               | Mistletoe wrote:
               | I've always found this guy's work interesting.
               | 
               | https://www.lotusdental.com.au/post/effect-of-western-
               | diet-o...
               | 
               | Previously, I've found the anti-fluoride argument to be a
               | little shaky but I'm a scientist and some of the data in
               | the report might make me reconsider that stance. That's
               | what science is. I must say that personally I haven't
               | drunk fluoride in my tap for decades really, since I use
               | a reverse osmosis filter for my tap. So if you don't want
               | to drink fluoride you don't have to.
               | 
               | I haven't noticed more cavities in periods when I don't
               | drink fluoride vs when I do. But I brush my teeth twice a
               | day (teeth bathed in fluoride toothpaste residue) and go
               | to the dentist every six months. I don't really have
               | cavities.
               | 
               | I found this paper an interesting history on water
               | fluoridation-
               | 
               | Debating Water Fluoridation Before Dr. Strangelove
               | 
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4504307
        
               | user_7832 wrote:
               | It's probably worth noting that genetics is probably a
               | significantly big factor than affects cavities, similar
               | to lots of other stuff. Some folks can eat sugar foods
               | and not brush twice a day and have no issues, while
               | others who even floss daily end up with bad teeth.
               | 
               | Not saying you shouldn't reduce sugar intake, that's not
               | my point - but - factors like genetics are very important
               | too, and fluoride might help for such people.
        
               | viraptor wrote:
               | So this may be useful to someone - I lost that genetic
               | lottery and had lots of issues / most teeth patched up /
               | painful cleans. Until recently, when I moved to a new
               | dentist who said "oh, you've got lots of calcium buildup,
               | you should be taking vit D+K2". This sorted out most of
               | my issues almost immediately. I wish someone told me that
               | 30 years ago...
               | 
               | So apparently there's a few things that trivially impact
               | your dental health besides usual cleaning and few people
               | seem to know about them.
        
               | gymbeaux wrote:
               | Novamin is another "dental secret". US toothpaste doesn't
               | have it, but studies consistently show it's more
               | effective than just fluoridated toothpaste and protecting
               | teeth from decay.
               | 
               | You would think that in a "capitalist, free-market" such
               | as the United States, an innovation with a clear and
               | pronounced benefit over the status quo would take the
               | marketplace by storm and quickly become the new status
               | quo.
               | 
               | Last I checked, you can get Sensodyne with Novamin
               | toothpaste on Amazon, but it does come from Canada.
        
               | drjasonharrison wrote:
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068624/
               | 
               | "Review shows that Novamin has significantly less
               | clinical evidence to prove its effectiveness as a
               | remineralization agent in treating both carious and non-
               | carious lesion. Hence, better designed clinical trials
               | should be carried out in the future before definitive
               | recommendations can be made."
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | kevviiinn wrote:
               | People love treating symptoms because humans are
               | notoriously shortsighted
        
               | assbuttbuttass wrote:
               | Not to mention there's a lot of money behind the real
               | causes
        
               | shlant wrote:
               | there's money on every side of every issue. The people
               | that lean hard on the "follow the money" angle are almost
               | always those that only acknowledge it happening on the
               | side they disagree with.
        
               | shlant wrote:
               | > why don't we stop the root cause of the problem,
               | instead of the insestuous habit of layering on symptom
               | management on top of symptom management.
               | 
               | Super simple answer: one requires everyone change their
               | individual habits. Difficulty - very hard. The other
               | requires no change at all on the individual level.
               | Difficulty - very easy.
               | 
               | Be careful with falling into the "public health
               | initiatives are just a bandaid" trap. I was going to say
               | you probably wouldn't approach a pandemic by telling
               | everyone to eat more healthfully but considering your
               | last sentence, maybe you would have argued for that
               | approach.
        
               | politician wrote:
               | A sugar tax would have the same effect, it's a single
               | change that's very easy to implement. 10,000% should do.
        
               | warning26 wrote:
               | The problem is sugar tastes good. Taxing processed sugary
               | foods will certainly help, but are you also going to tax,
               | say, sugar in a bag? If so, you have effectively banned
               | Grandma's cookies. Do _you_ want to be known as the
               | politician who effectively banned home-cooked baked
               | goods?
        
               | p1esk wrote:
               | Cheap sugar substitutes will be used. Long term health
               | effects are not clear.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | What you want is a calorie tax. Possibly a liquid calorie
               | tax.
               | 
               | Or just every calorie?
        
               | Gollapalli wrote:
               | So why don't we just put fluoride in the excessively
               | sugary stuff.
               | 
               | Coca Cola, more fluoride, same classic taste!
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | Liquid sugar is bad for teeth, but nowhere near as bad as
               | something like potato chips. Food remnants that are high
               | in carbs that get stuck in your teeth and then break down
               | into simple sugars cause way more problems.
        
               | webworker wrote:
               | From another study done in Canada:
               | 
               | > In this study, maternal exposure to higher levels of
               | fluoride during pregnancy was associated with lower IQ
               | scores in children aged 3 to 4 years. These findings
               | indicate the possible need to reduce fluoride intake
               | during pregnancy.
               | 
               | "Association Between Maternal Fluoride Exposure During
               | Pregnancy and IQ Scores in Offspring in Canada"
               | 
               | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullartic
               | le/...
        
             | justsee wrote:
             | The first meta-analysis of water fluoridation studies - The
             | York Review - was conducted in 2002 and found that the data
             | on efficacy was limited and of low quality. [1]
             | 
             | A point to be considered here is that the institutionalised
             | belief in water fluoridation for the half-century which
             | preceded the York Review was apparently not grounded in
             | much solid scientific enquiry, if any.
             | 
             | This review was conducted 3 years after the CDC published
             | "Ten Great Public Health Achievements in the 20th Century",
             | which included water fluoridation as one of these great
             | achievements.
             | 
             | Another curiosity of this public health belief was the
             | guideline that water fluoridation levels need to vary in a
             | region based on temperature. This was because it is
             | apparently a predictor of water consumption amounts by
             | small children.
             | 
             | Colder climates were meant to have higher levels of
             | fluoride (up to 1.2 ppm) because people apparently drink
             | less water, and warmer climates were meant to have lower
             | levels (0.7 ppm), because they drink more water.
             | 
             | It indicates that consumption is a very important factor in
             | considering additive levels, and that all other factors are
             | less important than climate.
             | 
             | This was codified in a 1957 paper "Determining optimum
             | fluoride concentrations" (Galagan and Vermillion) [2] which
             | includes their scientific formula:
             | 
             | parts per million of fluoride = 0.34 / E
             | 
             | "Where E is the estimated average daily water intake for
             | children through 10 years of age in ounces per pound of
             | body weight. It may be calculated from the estimation
             | equation E=-0.038+0.0062 temperature, where temperature is
             | the mean maximum temperature in degrees Fahrenheit."
             | 
             | This seems to reflect the kind of scientific rigour behind
             | this belief, and perhaps the absurdity of the formula is
             | why the US DHHS updated their guidelines in 2015 to settle
             | on a flat 0.7 ppm regardless of climate [3].
             | 
             | [1] https://www.nature.com/articles/4801410
             | 
             | [2] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2031310/?p
             | age=1
             | 
             | [3] https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2015/05/01/20
             | 15-10...
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | dennis_jeeves1 wrote:
             | >Well it halved childhood cavities in the 50s. It did its
             | job and I don't think it's hard to understand why it was
             | done.
             | 
             | What I heard (but did not verify) was that cavities reduced
             | similarly in countries that did not have fluoride in the
             | water around the same time.
        
         | irthomasthomas wrote:
         | I always found it bizarre that health care is so expensive, and
         | yet here we are given unlimited, free medicine, on tap!
        
         | nathanwh wrote:
         | Don't you have the same problem with the salt that you have
         | with the water, no way to tell what dose everyone is receiving?
        
           | para_parolu wrote:
           | My guess it easier to buy different salt but hard to get
           | second water pipe.
        
             | Thorrez wrote:
             | >A Reverse Osmosis (RO) system can remove 85-92%* of
             | fluoride in your water.
             | 
             | https://www.paragonwater.com/does-reverse-osmosis-remove-
             | flu...
        
               | elif wrote:
               | RO water is demineralized and the pH is impacted. It is
               | not a healthy drinking water outside of occasional use.
               | It is also not appetizing and thus it's easy to become
               | dehydrated.
               | 
               | After years of RO water I switched to spring water due to
               | health issues and I will never look back.
               | 
               | Of course, it is insanely expensive to drink 3L of spring
               | water and so frustrating to not have unpoisoned water
               | from the tap.
        
               | webworker wrote:
               | There are certain models which have a sixth stage to
               | remineralize the water and balance the pH.
               | 
               | Also relying on municipal water for mineralization is a
               | bad argument. The minerals in water supplies is highly
               | localized, or drinking tap water could leave you
               | deficient in one or more minerals depending just
               | depending on where you live.
        
               | Thorrez wrote:
               | Huh, I drank RO water for most of my liquid intake
               | growing up and loved the taste. I like it a lot more than
               | tap water.
        
               | sp0rk wrote:
               | RO systems waste something like three gallons for every
               | usable gallon they produce.
        
               | Thorrez wrote:
               | It won't be used for showering, bathing, flushing
               | toilets, washing clothes, washing dishes, watering
               | plants, washing cars, filling pools, or other outdoor
               | water usage. How much does it increase a household's
               | water usage?
        
               | 20after4 wrote:
               | I think that's improved, at least according to product
               | literature (I haven't tested it myself), however:
               | 
               | The latest generation of small under-sink reverse osmosis
               | filters claim to waste only 1 gallon for every 2 gallons
               | of usable water. Still bad but much better than before.
        
               | mixedCase wrote:
               | An RO filter is not accesible to the majority of the
               | population.
        
               | Thorrez wrote:
               | But it's a lot cheaper than "get[ting a] second water
               | pipe."
        
         | dr_dshiv wrote:
         | Omg, no wonder my teeth are getting worse after moving to
         | Amsterdam. I drink a ton of water and use Maldon salt. I didn't
         | realize there wasn't fluoride in the water. (All the Nutella
         | isn't helping either, but... ooh, maybe that's a reasonable
         | vector for Europeans)
        
           | dtech wrote:
           | Everyone in the Netherlands is using fluorided toothpaste and
           | brushes twice a day, cavities are really low.
        
             | theodric wrote:
             | Good thing I left NL or I would have invalidated your
             | statement! Actually, I don't know anyone who brushes twice
             | daily.
        
               | distances wrote:
               | Why don't you, isn't that a recommendation where you come
               | from? I also don't know anyone who doesn't brush twice
               | daily (I'm from Nordics).
        
               | Wh1zz wrote:
               | I don't know anyone that doesn't brush twice daily. Am
               | quite a sociable person and have lived in multiple
               | European countries
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | threeseed wrote:
             | > Everyone
             | 
             | Defined as a completely made up percentage of people that
             | is in fact < 100%.
        
           | isoprophlex wrote:
           | Don't you brush your teeth?!
        
             | dr_dshiv wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
               | mbg721 wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | hkt wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
         | newZWhoDis wrote:
         | No credible scientific evidence exists that ingesting fluoride
         | is beneficial.
         | 
         | Whenever you point this out, people respond with studies that
         | focused on topical application. This topic is weird. Otherwise
         | intelligent people shut down and begin quoting movies from the
         | 1960's, and are somehow incapable of distinguishing between a
         | topical mouthwash and oral consumption.
         | 
         | Might as well drink sunscreen and talk about the reduction in
         | lip skin cancer.
        
           | a_bonobo wrote:
           | >No credible scientific evidence exists that ingesting
           | fluoride is beneficial.
           | 
           | ???
           | 
           | >Regular toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste is the
           | principal non-professional intervention to prevent caries,
           | but the caries-preventive effect varies according to
           | different concentrations of fluoride in toothpaste, with
           | higher concentrations associated with increased caries
           | control.
           | 
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6398117/
           | 
           | Higher concentrations lead to better caries control (unless
           | you go too high), what other evidence do you want?
        
             | levzettelin wrote:
             | rofl
        
             | arcticbull wrote:
             | Caveat that I have no issue whatsoever with fluoride.
             | 
             | The parent poster said "ingestion" of fluoride, but
             | brushing is strictly not ingestion but rather topical
             | application - you are directed to spit it back out. I'm
             | curious if there were studies that covered drinking it.
        
               | satellite2 wrote:
               | The amount is calibrated for the small part that you
               | ingest despite spittingit out. Kids toothpaste have much
               | less because most of the paste is assumed to be ingested.
        
               | robbiep wrote:
               | I am unsure if this - I grew up in rural australia and we
               | took fluoride tablets as kids.
               | 
               | N=3 but no fillings till post 25
        
             | lovecg wrote:
             | Case in point.
        
             | sgoschi wrote:
             | You're proving their point.
             | 
             | Brushing teeth is a topical application of flouride, unless
             | you swallow it, of course....
        
             | bboygravity wrote:
             | How is that not proving their point?
             | 
             | Putting fluoride in water to topically apply it to teeth
             | (and get a higher risk of brain damage and stomach cancer
             | among other things due to completely unnecessary
             | ingestion).
             | 
             | The study you linked is indeed like proving that drinking
             | sunscreen is great at preventing lip cancer. Or better yet:
             | maybe we can start putting sunscreen in drinking water to
             | prevent lip cancer?
        
           | markmark wrote:
           | Here you go:
           | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/003335491012500507
           | 
           | We've been putting fluoride in water for a long time, and
           | there are multiple studies that have looking in to it, I
           | don't know why you think there aren't?
        
             | throwaway8689 wrote:
             | This study looked solely at impact on dental health. Other
             | studies tell us it is associated with stomach cancer and
             | infertility.
        
               | dash2 wrote:
               | Is dental health not beneficial?
        
               | throwaway8689 wrote:
               | Assuming you are not being disingenuous: there is a trade
               | off with a lot of uncertainty - other things are also
               | implicated in stomach cancer, and at the same time
               | untreated dental disease causes other health problems
               | too.
               | 
               | But I prefer to rely on brushing my own teeth and
               | avoiding certain foods to maintain my own health, rather
               | than have a medication added to my water supply because
               | the guy next door does not take care of his health.
        
               | 20after4 wrote:
               | I guess it's arguable whether better dental health, plus
               | cancer, could be considered a benefit. Would heavily
               | depend on the rates of cancer or other harms vs. the
               | rates of improved dental health. Certainly without
               | thinking too deeply about it, childhood cavities would
               | seem vastly preferable to nearly any sort of cancer
               | unless the risk is minuscule.
        
             | AuryGlenz wrote:
             | There are studies for children, but from what I've seen
             | there's no advantage for adults/permanent teeth. I don't
             | really think it's worth potential harm for baby teeth.
        
               | markmark wrote:
               | It's harder to do studies that seperate out adults who
               | didn't have fluoridated water as children, but for
               | example from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23456704/
               | "In this nationally representative sample of Australian
               | adults, caries-preventive effects of water fluoridation
               | were at least as great in adults born before widespread
               | implementation of fluoridation as after widespread
               | implementation of fluoridation."
               | 
               | So if you didn't have fluoridated water as a kid, having
               | it as an adult still provides a benefit. This particular
               | study doesn't say anything about having it as a kid and
               | then stopping, but again, it's hard to find significant
               | populations that have experienced that.
        
           | RC_ITR wrote:
           | Im interested in your take about how humans get water into
           | their bodies without coating their teeth in it
        
             | katbyte wrote:
             | I have sensitive teeth, when I drink water or any liquid
             | really, it doesn't touch my teeth.
             | 
             | I'm more confused by how you would coat your teeth while
             | drinking, do you swish it around in your mouth every sip?
        
               | trallnag wrote:
               | Sounds like your teeth lack fluoride
        
               | katbyte wrote:
               | the water here is thankfully unfluorinated.
               | 
               | i also brush with a toothpaste containing fluoride and
               | have a healthy diet.
        
       | dukeofdoom wrote:
       | This guy posted a video a few weeks ago, claiming to be sick from
       | being over exposed to chlorine in drinking water in Mexico. He
       | believes the combination of highly chlorinated drinking water and
       | swimming daily in a chlorinated pool caused his symptoms.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aeWdEr1XyTw
       | 
       | My friend is convinced her autistic child was over exposed to
       | aluminium or other metals...but maybe it was fluoride. These
       | things need to be investigated.
       | 
       | We know that Lead exposure is widely known to cause harm to the
       | brain, so other metals could have similar effects. Babies having
       | a much smaller mass, would be much greater risk of ingesting
       | toxic amounts or slow dose environmental exposure through things
       | like aluminum cookware.
       | 
       | A substance might not be toxic on its own, but in combination
       | with another substance in the environment could be highly toxic,
       | but affect only some small percentage of people that come in in
       | contact with both.
       | 
       | Like we know many prescribed drugs, can't be mixed with alcohol,
       | because they become toxic if you do.
        
         | RugnirViking wrote:
         | > These things need to be investigated
         | 
         | are you assuming they haven't been? that people just bunged in
         | chlorine into swimming pools without a second thought? that
         | nobody has thought to look into heavy metal exposure in babies?
         | 
         | If anything, the issue is the opposite. All of these tests have
         | been repeated so many times, often by honest scientists, but
         | also often by biased companies, that people struggle to find
         | the truth and instead find whatever they want to believe (and
         | its usually something about how all the professionals are
         | stupid and dumb but they personally are special and right)
         | 
         | How do you think those labels about mixing drugs with
         | alcohol/grapefruits/whatever else came about? if it goes into
         | your body, it needs to be tested.
        
       | Slava_Propanei wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | mihaaly wrote:
       | >> This January, Birnbaum issued a scathing legal declaration as
       | part of the lawsuit, writing, "The decision to set aside the
       | results of an external peer review process based on concerns
       | expressed by agencies with strong policy interests on fluoride
       | suggests the presence of political interference in what should be
       | a strictly scientific endeavor."
       | 
       | with
       | 
       | >> Despite this unusually rigorous review process, a network of
       | health officials and influential dental groups argued that the
       | NTP had failed to address several issues raised by the NASEM
       | review committee.
       | 
       | Health officials and dental groups have interest on fluoridation
       | for political reasons? I don't buy it!
       | 
       | I would imagine a self interst focused dental and profeccional
       | helthcare group would argue for the decrease of fluoridation so
       | more income comes from the work on decayed teeth. If it is meant
       | of interest of their patients then that is just desirable! Also
       | health officials and dentists are not the typical polititian
       | group I picture in my mind. I'd sooner call them scientists than
       | politicians. (if meant about scientific politics then should say
       | so - including themselves and that why they push despite
       | widespread scientific critics).
       | 
       | I am telling this with having only topical use of fluoride - with
       | good results -, and with no desire for water fluoridation but
       | also knowing that topical may not be sufficient enough for
       | children and the broad population.
       | 
       | Somehow the feeling is that the NTP and Birnbaum is the
       | manipulative and polititian here. Just a felling though, based on
       | this limited and filtered report, but based on quotes.
        
       | NeuroCoder wrote:
       | Are places generally adding more than the recommended level of
       | fluoride in their water? How much water do you have to ingest to
       | reach the maximum recommended exposure? Given how bad people are
       | at drinking the recommended level of water, I'm curious how they
       | accurately assessed outcomes based on what I assume are
       | relatively few data points
        
       | yownie wrote:
       | >But the report did find a possible link to cognitive harm at
       | approximately two times the current recommended water
       | fluoridation level, records show.
       | 
       | This is more a report about consuming excess fluoride from other
       | sources that water.
       | 
       | >Because many common foods and drinks contain fluoride, consuming
       | them along with fluoridated water could amount to harmful
       | exposure levels, these experts say.
       | 
       | I do wonder what the other common food and drinks could be
        
         | FollowingTheDao wrote:
         | Black Tea.
        
         | cubefox wrote:
         | > I do wonder what the other common food and drinks could be
         | 
         | They are listed in the article
        
       | paddw wrote:
       | So we know that there is definitely little benefit from ingesting
       | fluoride, and also that we can not rule out negative effects from
       | ingesting fluoride. This seems like... a bit of a big deal?
        
         | mc32 wrote:
         | I think The Netherlands took it out of their potable/tap water
         | some while ago (like in the '70s).
        
           | esperent wrote:
           | Because they added it to salt and toothpaste instead.
        
             | mc32 wrote:
             | Toothpaste, for the most part, isn't swallowed. Salt, you
             | can get any kind you want. I think this gives consumers
             | more discretion/control over what they want to or do not
             | want to ingest.
        
               | dmbche wrote:
               | As an aside, your gums and tongue will absorb a lot -
               | think about chewing tobacco, people putting cocaine on
               | their gums, pills you leave under your tongue. This is
               | also why resorts will tell you to brush your teeth with
               | bottled water.
               | 
               | While it obviously absorbs less than eating any compound,
               | it still absorbs quite a bit!
        
               | esperent wrote:
               | Yes, I agree. I was just pushing back against the common
               | false narrative that no fluoride in tap water equals no
               | fluoride at all. It's brought up as a fact in every
               | online discussion about fluoride.
               | 
               | Usually it's alongside _that one study_ that shows
               | naturally occurring fluoride in water is harmful to
               | children 's mental development. Which is true, but
               | neglects to mention that the areas studied (in rural
               | China) had levels of fluoride twenty times higher then
               | public water fluoridation programs and that the same
               | study also included a control group at "normal" added
               | fluoride level and found no negative effect.
               | 
               | Heres the study. You'll start to recognize it if you get
               | involved in a few of these discussions.
               | 
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1852689/
        
             | ricardobeat wrote:
             | I can tell you that salt is not fluoridated in the
             | Netherlands (most people who care about cooking use pure
             | sea salt anyway). As for toothpaste, almost every
             | toothpaste anywhere in the world has it.
             | 
             | There is evidence both ways, the original reports were that
             | children's dental health _improved_ after they stopped
             | fluoridation in the 70s.
        
               | jorvi wrote:
               | We don't fluoridate our water but from 12-18 we do "fluor
               | happen" (loosely translated: "fluor biting"), where we
               | are given an upper and a lower bit which are both filled
               | with heavily fluoridated gel, you bite into it and after
               | a couple of minutes you take the bits out, rinse your
               | mouth and then spit out any left-overs.
        
               | edg5000 wrote:
               | I forgot about this. This was a total nightmare for me as
               | a kid. The gel made me want to throw up badly. I think
               | they offered two "flavours" you could pick from, both
               | equally nightmarish.
        
               | andruby wrote:
               | That's interesting. Hadn't heard of that. How common is
               | this practice?
        
               | jaclaz wrote:
               | In Italy, many years ago, when I was a kid, this fluoride
               | bite was something that was given to us at (elementary)
               | school, cannot remember if once or twice a year, they
               | made a sort of quick medical checkup and while the doctor
               | was visiting you, you had this bite.
               | 
               | But the practice was later abandoned, as it seems that
               | the 6-8 age is the worst one to supplement (too much)
               | fluoride, that could later develop in dental fluorosis:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_fluorosis
        
               | heyoni wrote:
               | It's very common in the US as well. It's called fluoride
               | treatment and is usually reserved for children.
        
               | bandyaboot wrote:
               | > There is evidence both ways, the original reports were
               | that children's dental health improved after they stopped
               | fluoridation in the 70s.
               | 
               | Has that effect been persistent? I would think the news
               | of flouride being removed from the water would cause an
               | increase in dental health diligence, but I would also be
               | surprised if that effect didn't wane over time.
        
               | mvdwoord wrote:
               | I remember growing up in the 80s in the Netherlands I
               | used to get daily fluoride tablets, from a small pink
               | bottle. Did not persist long I believe, but was
               | definitely common back then.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | I don't know what they do in the Netherlands, but in
               | rural parts of the United States where people are on well
               | water, fluoride treatments are common. Florida is
               | directly applied to the teeth during a dental visit, then
               | washed out.
               | 
               | Anecdotally, this is what I had and I have great Dental
               | Health despite for brushing hygiene. I often skip
               | brushing my teeth and almost never floss and haven't had
               | a cavity in 40 years
        
             | jeroenhd wrote:
             | Fluoride in salt? I know they put iodine in table salt, but
             | not fluoride.
        
               | ahazred8ta wrote:
               | It's available online, and stores in many countries carry
               | it.
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/search?q=fluoridated+salt&tbm=shop
        
               | Timon3 wrote:
               | In Germany you can definitely buy table salt with
               | Fluoride in a supermarket.
        
         | xk_id wrote:
         | Not from ingestion, but exposing the enamel periodically during
         | the day to fluoride and having trace amounts of it on your
         | saliva supports remineralisation.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | I would think it's pretty much impossible to have it in your
           | mouth and not ingest any of it.
        
             | Rufbdbskrufb473 wrote:
             | Sure, but to achieve equal remineralization, you'll likely
             | end up ingesting orders of magnitude more fluoride when
             | delivered via drinking water vs toothpaste.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | koheripbal wrote:
         | The harmful dose is many orders of magnitude higher than the
         | concentration in tap water.
         | 
         | Dose makes the poison. Literally any chemical in sufficient
         | dose is poisonous
        
           | Natsu wrote:
           | Tooth decay is caused by acid produced by bacteria.
           | 
           | It's too bad we can't displace the bacteria themselves
           | instead of working downstream from that.
        
             | david_l_lin wrote:
             | Except that we can! The oral microbiome can be modulated to
             | get exactly what you're asking: remove pathogens that are
             | good at creating acid and replacing them with ones that are
             | good at remineralizing.
             | 
             | Shameless plug for my company (Bristle Health) that is
             | trying to do exactly that via oral microbiome testing and
             | personalized recommendations and products to improve.
        
               | heyoni wrote:
               | You guys have anything on the market yet?
        
               | david_l_lin wrote:
               | Indeed we do! We have an oral microbiome test you can
               | find here: https://www.bristlehealth.com/pages/products
               | 
               | and our first probiotic here:
               | https://www.bristlehealth.com/pages/probiotic
               | 
               | All the species in the probiotic have been clinically
               | studied with evidence that supports improvement in the
               | oral microbiome and reduction of oral disease. Although,
               | for transparency, the mechanism of action of some of the
               | probiotics is still unclear, and we're working on
               | figuring that out to improve oral probiotics and products
               | in the future.
        
               | dharma1 wrote:
               | Interesting, can you tell more? I've tried oral
               | probiotics without much effect.
               | 
               | Did notice a difference for a couple of days after taking
               | antibiotics for a week for something else, but it quickly
               | subsided (my regular micro biome probably quickly
               | recolonised the mouth).
        
               | Natsu wrote:
               | I searched for the name and found it, seems like they
               | ship you a test kit, then ID the microbes in your mouth
               | and make recommendations based on that.
               | 
               | I noticed L. ruteri in some screenshots which I already
               | know from other probiotic uses.
        
             | cardamomo wrote:
             | There are oral probiotics available, which aim to do just
             | this. I'm not sure if any clinical trials have investigated
             | their efficacy, however.
        
             | darkerside wrote:
             | Is there a reason we don't just rinse with a base?
        
           | rthomas6 wrote:
           | Actually, the article says the report says harm happens at 2x
           | the current recommended fluoridation level.
        
             | smrtinsert wrote:
             | > But the report did find a possible link to cognitive harm
             | at approximately two times the current
             | 
             | Keyword possible.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | Also a long history of spurious statistical correlations
               | where you find "possible" links.
               | 
               | e.g. for a while there was a scare for RF from overhead
               | powerlines causing brain cancer.
               | 
               | Turns out, the issue is the statistics used to try and
               | isolate an effect from a general population sample have
               | bias: plug in _any_ effect, and _any_ grouping factor,
               | and you 'll probably observe a doubling of the risk.
               | 
               | This effect was the cause of a whole spate of "X may
               | cause cancer" reports in the 2000s.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | chaorace wrote:
         | There are lots of "big deals" in the environment that we
         | silently tolerate -- things which studies conclusively and
         | repeatedly show are substantially detrimental:
         | 
         | * Roadside air pollution
         | 
         | * Lead pipes
         | 
         | * Indoor CO2 buildup
         | 
         | Studies relating to flouride are nowhere near as conclusive and
         | show nowhere near the same magnitude of effect. _If_ flouride
         | is contributing negatively in a similar way, it 's doing so to
         | such a small extent that it very nearly falls within the margin
         | of error. Anyone genuinely worried about flouride should
         | consider double-checking that they've already taken more
         | meaningful action regarding their health, such as going on a
         | walk, getting a full night's rest, or opening a window.
        
         | Nuzzerino wrote:
         | It's been known for awhile, but you'd get labelled as a
         | conspiracy theorist for any mention of it.
        
           | FooBarBizBazz wrote:
           | It goes all the way back to _Dr. Strangelove_ at least. There
           | 's a whole bit in there about it.
        
             | desiarnezjr wrote:
             | This organisation was big on that conspiracy (??) theory:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Birch_Society
        
               | vharuck wrote:
               | An article about their role in the original referendum on
               | fluoridation in Wichita:
               | 
               | https://www.kansas.com/news/article1101667.html
               | 
               | And a Fresh Air interview with a historian who recently
               | wrote a book about the John Birch Society:
               | 
               | https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-
               | air/2023/05/17/1176658584...
        
         | valianteffort wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
       | theknocker wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | suction wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | nathias wrote:
       | maybe just brush your teeth
        
         | SalmoShalazar wrote:
         | maybe do some basic thinking about public health policy
        
       | jscipione wrote:
       | Once again the conspiracy theory has become a conspiracy. If you
       | get your news and information from Alex Jones you would know
       | about this since at least 2008 making you a well-informed
       | citizen, but if you only get your news from places like Salon you
       | have been misinformed.
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | I learned this too late: after brushing, don't rinse your mouth
       | clean with water, leave the toothpaste residue on your teeth all
       | night to improve effectiveness.
        
       | thsksbd wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | hammock wrote:
       | What is it about this report that no one is calling it a
       | conspiracy theory anymore?
       | 
       | Edit: why am I being downvoted for this?
        
         | ajkjk wrote:
         | > Edit: why am I being downvoted for this?
         | 
         | I think because you presumed that everybody was calling it a
         | conspiracy before, which is patently untrue? (Correct would be:
         | some people were, and some people still are)
        
         | ahahahahah wrote:
         | Science.
        
           | hammock wrote:
           | There are 85 studies... The science has always been there. A
           | Salon article hasn't been though. Is that it?
        
           | thsksbd wrote:
           | [dead]
        
           | colpabar wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
       | ttctciyf wrote:
       | This reminded me of an old CAQ/CAIB article I read in the '90s on
       | the impact of fluoride as an industrial pollutant. I found a
       | copy[1] hosted at a site operated by the "Fluoride Action
       | Network", which is also hosting other alarming claims such as:
       | 
       | > * As of July 18, 2022, a total of 85 human studies have
       | investigated the relationship between fluoride and human
       | intelligence.
       | 
       | > * Of these investigations, 76 studies have reported that
       | elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in
       | humans.
       | 
       | - https://fluoridealert.org/studies/brain01/
       | 
       | There's a historical link between fluoride alarmism and the far
       | right, famously parodied in Kubrick's _Dr Strangelove_ in the
       | person of Brig. Gen. Jack D. Ripper[2,3] who instigates a nuclear
       | response to the communist conspiracy to impurify America 's
       | bodily fluids via fluoride.
       | 
       | The CAQ article at [1] explains this:
       | 
       | > Oscar Ewing, as Federal Security Agency administrator, was a
       | Truman "fair dealer" who pushed many progressive programs such as
       | nationalized medicine. Fluoridation was lumped with his
       | proposals. Inevitably, it was attacked by conservatives as a
       | manifestation of "creeping socialism," while the left rallied to
       | its support. Later during the McCarthy era, the left was further
       | alienated from the opposition when extreme right-wing groups,
       | including the John Birch Society and the Ku Klux Klan, raved that
       | fluoridation was a plot by the Soviet Union and/or communists in
       | the government to poison America's brain cells.
       | 
       | > It was a simple task for promoters, under the guidance of the
       | "original spin-doctor," to paint all opponents as deranged-and
       | they played this angle to the hilt. For example, one widely
       | distributed dossier on opponents "listed in alphabetical order
       | reputable scientists, convicted felons, food faddists, scientific
       | organizations, and the Ku Klux Klan."
       | 
       | I should note that CAQ has itself been attacked as communist
       | propaganda, (and for that matter, some of the studies linked on
       | the fluoridealert site are Chinese in origin.) Nonetheless the
       | article[1] has some interesting and (to me) surprising
       | information on the politically entangled history of fluoride. An
       | excerpt:
       | 
       | > One thing is certain, the name of the company with the biggest
       | stake in fluoride's safety was ALCOA-whose name is stamped all
       | over the early history of water fluoridation.
       | 
       | > Throughout industry's "roaring 20s," the U.S. Public Health
       | Service was under the jurisdiction of Treasury Secretary Andrew
       | W. Mellon, a founder and major stockholder of ALCOA. In 1931, the
       | year Mellon stepped down, a Public Health Service dentist named
       | H. Trendley Dean was dispatched to certain remote towns in the
       | West where drinking-water wells contained high concentrations of
       | natural fluoride from deep in the earth's crust. Dean's mission
       | was to determine how much fluoride people could tolerate without
       | obvious damage to their teeth-a matter of considerable concern to
       | ALCOA. Dean found that teeth in these high-fluoride towns were
       | often discolored and eroded, but he also reported that they
       | appeared to have fewer cavities than average. He cautiously
       | recommended further studies to determine whether a lower level of
       | fluoride in drinking water might reduce cavities without
       | simultaneously damaging bones and teeth, where fluoride settles
       | in humans and other animals.
       | 
       | > Back at the Mellon Institute, ALCOA's Pittsburgh industrial
       | research lab, this news was galvanic. ALCOA-sponsored biochemist
       | Gerald J. Cox27 immediately fluoridated some lab rats in a study
       | and concluded that fluoride reduced cavities and that: "The case
       | should be regarded as proved."28 In a historic moment in 1939,
       | the first public proposal that the U.S. should fluoridate its
       | water supplies was made not by a doctor, or dentist, but by Cox,
       | an industry scientist working for a company threatened by
       | fluoride damage claims.29 Cox began touring the country, stumping
       | for fluoridation.
       | 
       | 1: https://fluoridealert.org/content/fluoride-commie-plot-or-
       | ca...
       | 
       | 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4XhhTF7vRM
       | 
       | 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rKR32ImWYzw
        
         | wyldfire wrote:
         | Wow, I'd previously scoffed at anti-fluoridation stuff,
         | thinking that everyone who made these claims sounded like
         | General Ripper. But this was an interesting historical
         | perspective.
         | 
         | But ... what then keeps us in the status quo of fluoridated
         | water supplies? Aluminum companies, still? seems unlikely that
         | their influence would hold sway for a century. A century during
         | which we have found other environmental pollutants and
         | enacted/enforced regulation to reduce or eliminate their
         | influence.
        
           | simoom22 wrote:
           | > But ... what then keeps us in the status quo of fluoridated
           | water supplies?
           | 
           | > ...thinking that everyone who made these claims sounded
           | like General Ripper.
        
             | wyldfire wrote:
             | So ... it's all Kubrick's fault?
             | 
             | The film didn't come out until half way into that century.
             | And now we have generations who've never heard of it.
        
               | tylersmith wrote:
               | No, it's the fault of people who scoff at concern about
               | fluoride in tap water without having researched it.
        
           | hello_computer wrote:
           | Just about every minerals business is going to have loads of
           | fluoride to discard--aluminum, uranium, gypsum, NPK, etc. A
           | few years back I watched a documentary about a fertilizer
           | plant in Morocco, dumping the fluoride they discarded from
           | their NPK mix into the water supply. All of the children near
           | the plant had spindly, twisted arms and legs from skeletal
           | fluorosis.
           | 
           | It is also peculiar that a toxicologist becomes a dentist,
           | and ends up at the atomic energy commission[0].
           | 
           | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Hodge
        
       | pkphilip wrote:
       | Health officials, believe it or not, are like any other human
       | beings - in that they also have their own agendas and sometimes
       | those agendas may be in direct opposition to the well being of
       | others. I am surprised that anyone is surprised when news like
       | this comes out.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | vallismortis wrote:
       | Twenty years ago, I moved from Michigan (a state that uses
       | fluoride) to Mississippi (a state that doesn't use fluoride). My
       | dentist at the time told me that I was going to end up with tooth
       | decay if I stayed down there for more than a few years. Sure
       | enough, five years later I moved back to Michigan and ended up
       | with a cavity in an unusual place. My (new) dentist in Michigan
       | was completely unsurprised.
       | 
       | He said there are two problems with tooth decay in Mississippi:
       | 
       | 1. They don't use fluoride in their water. 2. No decent dentist
       | would ever work in Mississippi.
       | 
       | Fifteen years later, with no changes in dental hygiene in my
       | entire life, and I've had no other problems with my teeth.
       | Anecdotal evidence, maybe. But that is my experience.
        
         | newZWhoDis wrote:
         | Once again, this is akin to drinking sunscreen having a
         | positive effect on lip skin cancer.
         | 
         | Yes, but... no.
        
         | HWR_14 wrote:
         | For other people moving to Mississippi now, they make fluoride
         | mouthwash that you can use daily to help counteract a lack of
         | fluorinated water.
        
         | dtech wrote:
         | Is brushing twice a day with fluoridated toothpaste and floss
         | or similar not a thing in the US? In Europe most countries
         | don't fluoride tap water and there's not a massive tooth decay
         | problem.
        
         | s0rce wrote:
         | Genetics plays a huge roll. As does your daily dental hygiene
         | routine. Based on you posting here means you probably have
         | access to tooth brush, floss, tooth paste and somewhere to use
         | them daily and effectively, this reduces the impact of water
         | fluoridation variables.
        
         | rlt wrote:
         | > No decent dentist would ever work in Mississippi.
         | 
         | This sounds like some elitist BS.
        
           | [deleted]
        
             | Slava_Propanei wrote:
             | [dead]
        
         | dosman33 wrote:
         | That is funny. However Ill postulate this: Why wouldn't someone
         | go to where the most interesting work is to be found though?
         | You don't become a military doctor if you don't find it
         | interesting stitching up bullet holes. And vice versa, you
         | don't become a military doctor if you're not interested in
         | working on the same.
        
           | adrianN wrote:
           | Maybe because people prefer earning money over interesting
           | work?
        
           | VectorLock wrote:
           | Thats a very HN opinion. Sometimes people pick careers for
           | factors other than how interesting they are.
        
             | jtbayly wrote:
             | And sometimes they pick locations based on something other
             | than "statistics" and "rankings."
        
           | arcticbull wrote:
           | > Why wouldn't someone go to where the most interesting work
           | is to be found though?
           | 
           | Well, Mississippi is ranked 34th in crime, 41st in education,
           | 49th in healthcare, 49th in economy, 40th in fiscal
           | stability, 47th in infrastructure and 36th in opportunity.
           | Assuming a medical professional cares about anything other
           | than "natural environment" in which they rank 16th, I suspect
           | there's a long list of places they'd rather end up.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/rankings
        
           | yCombLinks wrote:
           | Because if you're educated, you generally don't want to move
           | to Mississippi. I grew up there!
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
           | because you're gay, or black, or not Christian, or don't want
           | to be shot?
        
             | pfannkuchen wrote:
             | Or black? Are you aware that there are quite a lot of black
             | people in Mississippi?
        
               | heyoni wrote:
               | What's your point? Mississippi hasn't exactly been
               | receptive to the civil rights movement.
        
         | manmal wrote:
         | Not to refute your n=1, but reviews are a safer way of
         | establishing whether something actually works. Eg here, from
         | 2015:
         | 
         | > There is insufficient information to determine whether
         | initiation of a water fluoridation programme results in a
         | change in disparities in caries across socioeconomic status
         | (SES) levels.
         | 
         | > No studies that aimed to determine the effectiveness of water
         | fluoridation for preventing caries in adults met the review's
         | inclusion criteria.
         | 
         | > Over 97% of the studies were at high risk of bias and there
         | was substantial between-study variation
         | 
         | From here:
         | https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD...
         | 
         | TLDR: The existing research is low quality.
        
           | rixary wrote:
           | Is caries the Spanish word for it or is that actually an
           | English word for cavity as well?
        
         | ghoogl wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | dhbanes wrote:
         | I think the fact that fluoride is beneficial to your teeth is a
         | settled fact. However, the issue being discussed is fluorides
         | impact on brain health.
        
           | adrian_b wrote:
           | Fluoride is beneficial only when applied externally on the
           | dental enamel, where it converts the hydroxyapatite
           | synthesized by the human cells into fluorapatite, which is
           | less soluble in the acids contained in food or excreted by
           | bacteria.
           | 
           | On the other hand, ingested fluoride has no benefits, because
           | it cannot reach the tooth enamel and when in too large
           | quantities it has bad effects, e.g. it may cause bone damage.
           | 
           | Brushing the teeth or washing the mouth with something
           | containing fluoride is very good, drinking water with
           | fluoride is very stupid.
        
             | XorNot wrote:
             | Can you point to one single data point which has found
             | _any_ negative effect on human bones from excess
             | consumption of fluoridated water at town water
             | concentrations?
             | 
             | This should be easy since it's been done at enormous scale
             | for decades so a huge quorum of people have spent their
             | their lives drinking fluoridated water.
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | Skeletal fluorosis is well known to occur in regions
               | where the natural drinking water has high fluoride
               | content, e.g. in some regions from India and China.
               | 
               | You need search no further than Wikipedia.
               | 
               | I am not aware of any study about the incidence of
               | fluorosis in places where the drinking water is
               | fluoridated artificially, but it would be very difficult
               | to do such studies, due to the lack of comprehensive past
               | statistics, to the many confounding factors and because
               | only few of the existing cases are detected. When someone
               | heals a bone fracture they almost never do additional
               | complex tests to determine if it was normal for the
               | fracture to happen or its likelihood was increased by a
               | condition like fluorosis.
               | 
               | In any case no such studies are really needed, because
               | when you have an activity like _ingesting_ fluoride, for
               | which there is absolutely no evidence of benefits and no
               | known mechanism by which it could provide benefits, but
               | there is weak evidence that it might be harmful and there
               | are known mechanisms by which it may be harmful, then
               | there is no rational doubt whether that activity should
               | be done or not.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | My dude people have died from ingesting too much _water_.
               | 
               | So you don't get to say "well obviously it's dangerous
               | just cuz".
               | 
               | The dose makes the poison, and you are making a very
               | specific claim about the dose.
        
         | throwaway290 wrote:
         | And since oral hygiene seems to be linked to eg. Alzheimers
         | (https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/264164) and flouride
         | seems to be indispensable oral hygiene thing the issue is not
         | so straightforward...
        
           | newZWhoDis wrote:
           | The link you mention is from the mouth bacteria/plaques and
           | their leakage into the blood stream near the brain.
           | 
           | Fluoride is not an antibiotic, so there is no plausible
           | mechanism for it's known topical benefits to prevent
           | bacterial growth that might lead to Alzheimer's (itself a
           | theory, but an interesting one)
        
             | throwaway290 wrote:
             | Fluoride reduces disease by reducing acid that bacteria
             | poop out. Diseased gums and decaying teeth is great for
             | things to leak into blood.
        
             | napier wrote:
             | Municipal water fluoridation is problematic for a range of
             | reasons but as a toothpaste and mouthwash it has merit and
             | it actually does demonstrate direct bacterial growth arrest
             | effects in addition to indirect substrate permissiveness
             | inhibition via mineralisation.
             | 
             | "Fluoride acts to enhance membrane permeabilities to
             | protons and compromises the functioning of F-ATPases in
             | exporting protons, thereby inducing cytoplasmic
             | acidification and acid inhibition of glycolytic
             | enzymes.Basically, fluoride acts to reduce the acid
             | tolerance of the bacteria. It is most effective at acid pH
             | values. In the acidic conditions of cariogenic plaque,
             | fluoride at levels as low as 0.1 mM can cause complete
             | arrest of glycolysis by intact cells ofStreptococcus
             | mutans.Overall, the anticaries actions of fluoride appear
             | to be complex, involving effects both on bacteria and on
             | mineral phases. The antibacterial actions of fluoride
             | appear themselves to be complex but to be dominated by
             | weak-acid effects." https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/m
             | 95-133#:~:text=Basica....
        
       | epgui wrote:
       | As a biochemist, this seems to be a very complex issue that has
       | been unnecessarily politicized. What happened with this report is
       | interesting in and of itself, but I would not draw any
       | conclusions (or make any inferences) from this, frankly.
        
         | yeeeloit wrote:
         | As someone who comes from an area with clean fresh water, that
         | does not contain added fluoride, this is not a complex issue.
         | It's simply not a question that comes up. People have good
         | dental hygiene here.
         | 
         | To my mind, yes sure you can over complicate the entire debate,
         | but all of that is irrelevant in the face of these basic
         | points:
         | 
         | - Is there a chance that fluoride ingestion could be
         | detrimental to human health? - Can tooth decay be prevented by
         | diet and brush/floss with good quality toothpaste?
         | 
         | Presumed safety of chemicals (at the behest of organizations)
         | to human/environment until proven otherwise is shocking to me.
         | 
         | They irony of all this is that if you want to buy good quality
         | toothpaste you are forced to import it from overseas, due to
         | the FDA limiting ingredients in toothpaste.
        
           | andrewmutz wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
             | mgiampapa wrote:
             | It's incredibly obvious, isn't it? A foreign substance is
             | introduced into our precious bodily fluids, without the
             | knowledge of the individual, certainly without any choice.
             | That's the way your hard-core Commie works.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | > _but all of that is irrelevant in the face of these basic
           | points:_
           | 
           | > _- Is there a chance that fluoride ingestion could be
           | detrimental to human health? - Can tooth decay be prevented
           | by diet and brush /floss with good quality toothpaste?_
           | 
           | When evaluating those points, be sure to assess what
           | _actually happens_ , in real life, to real people, and not
           | what could happen in theory.
           | 
           | For example, even if tooth decay could be effectively
           | "prevented by diet and brush/floss with good quality
           | toothpaste" _in theory_ , the effect might be smaller
           | (possibly much smaller) in practice, as people in general
           | suck at lifestyle changes, dieting being a prime example, and
           | then a noticeable subset of the population has problems with
           | regularly brushing their teeth (for some reason, this is
           | surprising to many). Unless you have a way for fixing that
           | (so far no one has), this may well make fluoridated water
           | come out ahead in comparison.
           | 
           | --
           | 
           | EDIT: The above is similar to the argument for, e.g., opt-out
           | health insurance and social retirement savings plans - you're
           | still free to choose an alternative or decide to stay with
           | the default, but if for some reason you can't understand the
           | choice or can't be arsed to make one, you and everyone else
           | are better off with you having some insurance and savings by
           | default. The similarity is that we _know for certain_ that
           | the  "incapable of making a choice" bucket will contain a
           | substantial segment of the population, so at policy level,
           | making health insurance/retirement savings opt-in with
           | nothing as default, is just deciding to screw all those
           | people over.
        
             | armitron wrote:
             | Nobody is screwing anybody over when the water supply is
             | not poisoned (which is the case for nearly every European
             | country). The basis of "contract over status" that let us
             | advance beyond feudalism is mutual assent (or do no harm to
             | the counterparty). What you're describing is essentially
             | centralized tyranny and comes in many forms ("think of the
             | children!")
             | 
             | And no, your health insurance / social retirement example
             | doesn't fit. Sticking to the default in these cases does
             | not amount to willingly poisoning oneself.
        
           | trws wrote:
           | What do you consider necessary for "good quality toothpaste?"
        
             | xk_id wrote:
             | I'm not OP or american, but i can comment. >1,500ppm
             | concentration of fluoride is prescription only (so you
             | either pay for a pointless dentist visit or get it on the
             | grey market), despite being safe and much more effective at
             | remineralisation. There are also experimental ingredients
             | such as nanohydroxyapatite and Novamin which are difficult
             | to find on the american market due to the FDA
        
               | snapplebobapple wrote:
               | Novamin works wonders. It took me the last 30% of the way
               | to not being sensitive to heat/cold/acid.i got about 20%
               | there with just normal sensodyne toothpaste and another
               | big chunk with vitamin k complex and vitamin d
               | supplementation (this took about six months to be really
               | noticeable). The order was dictated by me figuring out
               | what i wanted to try and general availability in the case
               | of novamin. So i cant really say if the relative help
               | from each intervention would be different if tried in a
               | different order unfortunately.
        
               | xk_id wrote:
               | For the record, the only clinical evidence about Novamin
               | is very vague.
        
               | xarope wrote:
               | Just try it for a week. The glassiness feeling it imparts
               | to your teeth is real.
        
               | snapplebobapple wrote:
               | For the record, the rest of the stuff I mentioned has
               | middling evidence for effectiveness as well, it's just
               | the things that worked out of the myriad of things I
               | tried that didn't. The vitamin k complex and d thing
               | especially has limited evidence (and recently a paper
               | came out that showed k2 increasing artery calcification,
               | which is concerning but maybe not as bad as one thinks
               | since the really dangerous part of arterial calcification
               | is when it is in process. it also didn't control for
               | vitamin d status and the hypothesis of k2 causing
               | bone/teeth remineralization and not soft tissue
               | mineralization usually hinges on d status being
               | adequate).
        
               | ianai wrote:
               | Reminds me a lot of my struggle with migraines before the
               | recent, good treatments came out. I was facing a
               | certainty of at least one migraine per day everyday of my
               | life. Led me to trying all sorts of stuff. Not exactly
               | the best experience but better than migraines.
        
               | snapplebobapple wrote:
               | I just tinker as a hobby. If i live long enough even the
               | minor annoyances in my life will eventually get iterated
               | on and improved. The teeth thing was a medium to major
               | annoyance so got attention first.
        
               | analyte123 wrote:
               | Carifree sells (expensive) hydroxyapatite toothpaste in
               | the US.
        
               | girvo wrote:
               | > >1,500ppm concentration of fluoride is prescription
               | only
               | 
               | Man that's silly. Where I am (Australia), 5000ppm is
               | chemist-only, but doesn't need a prescription
        
               | voisin wrote:
               | Novamin used to be available via Sensodyne Pronamel in
               | Canada. I was surprised to see that at some point it
               | disappeared from our market - no longer able to buy at
               | any grocery store or pharmacy or on Amazon, whereas it
               | used to be available in all of these places.
        
               | snapplebobapple wrote:
               | It's now in Sensodyne repair and protect and I usually
               | buy it from walmart.ca 6-10 tubes at a time. There was
               | about 2 years there where I had to buy it on ebay shipped
               | from India though. I did try Biomin and I think that even
               | if the material performs better than novamin, the rest of
               | the toothpaste is so inferior to sensodyne that as a
               | whole it works worse, for me at least.
        
               | waboremo wrote:
               | It's still available, look for "Sensodyne Repair and
               | Protect" (no other name). Shoppers Drug Mart has it,
               | Superstore, Walmart, etc. Most everywhere. We also have
               | other options here with nanohydroxyapatite that are easy
               | to get too, from X-Pur to Davids Toothpaste. Those
               | products tend to be more expensive though due to higher
               | %, whereas Sensodyne tops out at 5% Novamin.
               | 
               | Also as a Canadian you should avoid Amazon for groceries
               | and most hygiene goods, they're overpriced even compared
               | to Shoppers Drug Mart most of the time, half of the time
               | the goods aren't even offered by the company but instead
               | by a random middleman charging absurd markup.
        
               | paulryanrogers wrote:
               | IME high fluoride can agitate the digestive system, so
               | perhaps the limit is for good reason?
        
               | orangepurple wrote:
               | Don't swallow the toothpaste!
        
               | paulryanrogers wrote:
               | I don't.
        
               | throwaway2037 wrote:
               | Warning: Excessive fluoride is known to stain teeth with
               | white steaks. You see it a lot in people who drink
               | certain types of Chinese tea, high in fluoride.
        
               | xk_id wrote:
               | This is called fluorosis and it only affects children.
               | Ingestion of excess fluoride in early life changes the
               | development of permanent teeth and causes white speckles.
        
           | rexarex wrote:
           | My understanding is that some water sources naturally contain
           | fluoride anyhow so this isn't a great comparison. From the
           | sources I read awhile ago they started fluoride additives
           | because it was known that certain areas like Texas had bad
           | teeth.
        
             | FollowingTheDao wrote:
             | It's a circle that all people talk about in regards to
             | caries is fluoride.
             | 
             | And literally, no one will talk about molybdenum. Maybe
             | Texas has low levels of molybdenum?
             | 
             | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/22294112201602
             | 0...
        
           | rgrieselhuber wrote:
           | It seems pretty simple. Stop putting toxic waste in the
           | water. If you're worried about dental health, cut the sugar
           | and use those little interdental brushes in addition to
           | flossing and brushing well.
        
             | CodexArcana wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
               | Obscurity4340 wrote:
               | Can you imagine? Definitely abbreviates the "sweet tea"
               | making process
        
           | d0mine wrote:
           | In theory, obesity can be solved with diet. In practice, it
           | is a complex issue.
        
           | seanmcdirmid wrote:
           | I always thought anti fluoridation sentiment in Utah was
           | related to them having the highest dentist count per capita.
           | It's the only state that I know of where fluoridation isn't
           | common.
        
             | hammock wrote:
             | Dentists are the ones who are pro-fluoridation ... at least
             | it was a dental trade group that fought the release of this
             | report (maybe they are funded behind the scenes by a
             | different interest group)
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | Maybe. At least the Dental academy and association of LDS
               | Dentists thinks so:
               | 
               | https://www.deseret.com/2000/9/29/19531458/fluoride-
               | brochure...
               | 
               | It was a weird position against back then similar to the
               | anti-vax position today.
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | The cynical position would be that dentists in areas
               | without fluoridation have more work.
        
           | xupybd wrote:
           | My wife comes from a country that did not add fluoride to the
           | water. She has very good dental hygiene but here teeth are
           | not in good shape for her age. That's one data point that I
           | have observed.
        
             | ux-app wrote:
             | >That's one data point that I have observed.
             | 
             | As with many things genetics plays a big part.
             | 
             | I neglected going to the dentist for 15 years and take just
             | ok care of my teeth (brush at least once per day, don't
             | floss).
             | 
             | I was expecting bad news, lots of cavities, but my teeth
             | are perfect. After some plaque removal, not a single
             | cavity.
             | 
             | Asked the dentist about this, he shrugged and just said
             | "genetics".
        
               | xupybd wrote:
               | I'm sure they do, but the dentists here have told her
               | that lack of fluoride is her problem. She is using a
               | night time fluoride paste to help.
        
               | FollowingTheDao wrote:
               | It might not be a fluoride, it might also be a lack of
               | molybdenum.
               | 
               | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/222941122016
               | 020...
        
               | xupybd wrote:
               | Interesting, I didn't know about molybdenum.
               | 
               | Her home city of Hanoi doesn't have tap water that the
               | locals like to drink. Even after boiling I think it can
               | taste bad. So she grew up with heavily filtered water or
               | bottled water. I would guess her diet was lacking in many
               | trace minerals from this.
        
               | epgui wrote:
               | Dentists don't do genome sequencing, so they have no way
               | of ruling out genetics.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | xupybd wrote:
               | Sometimes you don't need to rule everything else out to
               | be confident in a diagnosis.
        
               | AuryGlenz wrote:
               | In this case it's more "when all you have is a hammer
               | (fluoride)..."
        
               | xupybd wrote:
               | The therapy appears to be improving her teeth. Is there
               | something I am missing?
        
               | AuryGlenz wrote:
               | Just because a treatment works doesn't mean it's the best
               | treatment, or is treating the "cause." To say that a lack
               | of fluoride is the cause of their bad teeth is silly. Not
               | eating sugar/acidic foods, Novamin, or a different set of
               | bacteria in her mouth would also improve her teeth.
        
               | xupybd wrote:
               | We used a toothpaste with novamin in it. That didn't help
               | her. She doesn't eat much sugar. She's 40 something kg
               | and eats very healthy.
        
             | eloisius wrote:
             | I've noticed the same thing living in Taiwan. They don't
             | fluoride the water, and in general people have pretty bad
             | teeth with caries and decay that I never see in Americans
             | in their 20s and 30s. The highly sugary diet probably
             | doesn't help either.
        
           | bsder wrote:
           | Citing: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24308394/ which
           | recommends flouridating salt.
           | 
           | "Children and adults of the low socio-economic strata tend to
           | have substantially more untreated caries than higher strata.
           | Salt fluoridation is by far the cheapest method for improving
           | oral health."
           | 
           | Sure, good for you that you're in one of the higher
           | socioeconomic strata who can take care of their teeth. Not
           | everyone else is.
        
             | hammock wrote:
             | >recommends flouridating salt
             | 
             | That is a scary recommendation. Would be very hard to avoid
             | fluoride if restaurants, packaged food etc all used
             | fluoridated salt
        
               | newZWhoDis wrote:
               | It already is that way. Your steak came from a cow that
               | drank fluoridated water, the salad was watered constantly
               | with fluoride. Your bread was baked with fluoride water,
               | same with your coffee/beer/tea. Your Mayonnaise even.
        
               | hammock wrote:
               | Doubtful on the steak and salad. That water typically
               | gets pulled from different kinds of wells, not municipal
               | drinking water supply
        
               | epgui wrote:
               | It's not particularly scary. In fact almost all salt has
               | added iodine for public health reasons.
        
               | hammock wrote:
               | Iodine and fluoride aren't really the same thing.
               | 
               | Iodine is essential, you cannot survive without it, and
               | it is added to supplement a deficiency.
               | 
               | Fluoride is not essential, you can survive without it,
               | and its addition is purely therapeutic, not due to some
               | deficiency
        
               | epgui wrote:
               | As a biochemist, I know this perfectly well. But the
               | motivation behind your "this is terrifying" was left as
               | an exercise to the reader, so there was no way of
               | distinguishing it from "omg the chemicals".
        
             | zackees wrote:
             | [dead]
        
           | throwaway2037 wrote:
           | They irony of all this is that if you want to buy good
           | quality toothpaste you are forced to import it from overseas,
           | due to the FDA limiting ingredients in toothpaste.
           | 
           | I never heard such a thing. Can you be more specific? Plus
           | you can buy Darlie toothpaste in most Chinatown's around the
           | world, even if unapproved by local dental orgs.
        
             | dannyw wrote:
             | International versions of Sensodyne contain Novamin, which
             | is a teeth-material-like compound that layers over your
             | teeth to protect it.
             | 
             | It has been proven in many clinical trials to not only
             | reduce sensitivity, but also protect against tooth decay
             | and cavities.
        
               | lettergram wrote:
               | Why isn't it in the US?
        
               | klooney wrote:
               | You can get it on Amazon, since they don't do a ton of
               | vetting or enforcement. You can also get toothpaste with
               | Biomin, a substantially similar deal (its manufacturer
               | claims it's better).
               | 
               | For me, novamin/biomin didn't seem to make a difference
               | with tooth sensitivity.
        
               | ars wrote:
               | See here: https://medium.com/@ravenstine/the-curious-
               | history-of-novami...
               | 
               | Basically FDA won't let them label it without studies.
               | Other countries consider toothpaste a cosmetic and don't
               | requite studies.
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | Interesting. I use Sensodyne for a completely unrelated
               | reason: it does not contain Sodium Laurel Sulfate. I have
               | not had a cavity in my entire life, and I'm over 45.
        
               | 2rsf wrote:
               | What's the connection between the first and second claims
               | you make? does SLS cause cavities?
        
               | ianai wrote:
               | Not sure for them but SLS can irritate sensitive skin.
        
               | puzzlingcaptcha wrote:
               | Toothpaste with SLS causes ulceration (canker sores) in
               | some individuals (myself included). See
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphthous_stomatitis
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | SLS does not cause cavities.
               | 
               | I mention that I like this toothpaste due to the lack of
               | SLS - not for the cavities prevention. But I've not had
               | any cavities, so that is another datum on top of the
               | others who mention using this toothpaste and not having
               | dental problems.
        
               | FalconSensei wrote:
               | I guess you need to pay more attention when you read:
               | 
               | > I use Sensodyne for a completely unrelated reason
        
               | AuryGlenz wrote:
               | Ever since I started brushing with Novamin my dentist has
               | started being really positive about the condition of my
               | teeth in a way I've never experienced - even though I
               | haven't had a cavity in at least 20 years. I didn't tell
               | him what I've been doing.
        
         | zackees wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | mkoubaa wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | bawolff wrote:
           | You can talk about something without drawing conclusions from
           | a single report.
        
             | mkoubaa wrote:
             | Is that what politicized means?
        
         | wrp wrote:
         | Besides being politicized, views on this issue will also be
         | affected by personal experience. I've lived much of my life in
         | Oregon, where there is no fluoridation. It seems to be widely
         | believed by dentists here that people growing up in Oregon have
         | poorer teeth and that it's largely because of the lack of
         | fluoridation. I'm not arguing the merits, just pointing out the
         | cultural belief.
        
       | bob_theslob646 wrote:
       | It's fascinating. Having gone through 301 comments and there
       | really hasn't been any deep discussion at whether or not fluoride
       | has been linked to brain harm.... There are little debates about
       | drinking water. I'm disappointed..I'm gonna to have to do some
       | digging.
        
         | SalmoShalazar wrote:
         | This is unfortunately not the place for deep, thoughtful
         | conversation on topics not directly pertaining to tech
        
       | raverbashing wrote:
       | Looks like the future neuralink test subjects have come into
       | force against fluoride.
       | 
       | But of course people forgot the history of water fluoridation and
       | the risks of dental cavities
       | 
       | (of course, for modern countries I guess it makes more sense to
       | have it in dental products than just in tap water, but I don't
       | buy the moral panic)
       | 
       | > The report found that a link between typical levels of fluoride
       | added to water and possible harm to brain development is
       | unclear... the report did find a possible link to cognitive harm
       | at approximately two times
       | 
       | Well good think we are at the current level and not at two times
       | it then
        
       | yarg wrote:
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6923889/ -
       | Developmental fluoride neurotoxicity: an updated review
       | 
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3956646/ - Water
       | Fluoridation: A Critical Review of the Physiological Effects of
       | Ingested Fluoride as a Public Health Intervention
       | 
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8930857/ - The use
       | of hydroxyapatite toothpaste to prevent dental caries
       | 
       | > In vitro and in situ studies are demonstrating promising
       | results of HAP toothpastes on the remineralization of enamel
       | lesions and preventing/reducing demineralization. Specifically,
       | research appears to demonstrate either its superiority or
       | equivalency to fluoride toothpaste as anti-caries agents.
       | 
       | I'm not sure how conspiratorial I'm being, but for years I've
       | felt that the fluoridation of water was more about the dilution
       | of neurotoxic industrial waste product and not oral health.
       | 
       | Regardless of whether I'm on or off base in that regard, I see
       | little reason to continue to use something that - at best - will
       | only react with pre-existing enamel, when hydroxyapatite
       | toothpastes can actually fix damage (albeit to a limited degree).
        
         | verisimi wrote:
         | > I'm not sure how conspiratorial I'm being, but for years I've
         | felt that the fluoridation of water was more about the dilution
         | of neurotoxic industrial waste product and not oral health.
         | 
         | "CITIZEN, please check yourself into a fema retraining
         | facility! The government is there to serve us all for the
         | greater good."
         | 
         | Nevermind the double speak, where the term 'the greater good'
         | means the good of those people who consider themselves to be
         | greater than you.
        
       | pessimizer wrote:
       | There are significant lobbies now trying to put both statins and
       | lithium into the tap water.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | UncleOxidant wrote:
         | Lithium based on studies that show that areas with higher
         | lithium levels in the water tend to have less crime?
        
         | Blackthorn wrote:
         | Statins on a wide scale could make for the single greatest life
         | expectancy increase we could get anywhere...that would be
         | awesome.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | I hear that every few years from press releases written by
           | people who sell statins.
        
             | Blackthorn wrote:
             | Doesn't make it wrong.
        
               | throwaway290 wrote:
               | Not wrong, merely irrelevant.
        
           | logicchains wrote:
           | The effect of statins is incredibly modest at best: https://j
           | amanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/articl... .
           | Anyone telling you otherwise is doing so because of financial
           | incentive, not from following the actual science.
        
           | Valmar wrote:
           | Statins are dangerous... they block cholesterol, which
           | incidentally, is fundamental, crucial, even, to the formation
           | of both cell membranes and innumerable important hormones.
           | 
           | They are no solution at all. Just a fad.
        
         | rlt wrote:
         | My vote is for LSD.
        
         | sakras wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | jahewson wrote:
           | When did you first become aware of this?
        
             | taejavu wrote:
             | He's quoting Dr. Strangelove.
        
               | sakras wrote:
               | So is the person you replied to.
        
         | dr_kiszonka wrote:
         | Wouldn't statins lower cholesterol in large populations of
         | people who need it to, e.g., produce hormones? I can't imagine
         | anyone wanting to inhibit the production of sex hormones
         | (testosterone, estradiol, etc.) in children.
        
         | lxe wrote:
         | > These are just a few of the images we've recorded. And you
         | can see, it wasn't what we thought. There's been no war here
         | and no terraforming event. The environment is stable. It's the
         | Pax. The G-23 Paxilon Hydrochlorate that we added to the air
         | processors. It was supposed to calm the population, weed out
         | aggression. Well, it works. The people here stopped fighting.
         | And then they stopped everything else. They stopped going to
         | work, they stopped breeding, talking, eating. There's 30
         | million people here, and they all just let themselves die.
        
         | EMCymatics wrote:
         | Sources?
        
       | LispSporks22 wrote:
       | I once found myself stuck in a biker bar west of Dallas. I had to
       | listen to this old timer Hell's Angel go on and on about fluoride
       | conspiracies. Some of them are pretty wild - "fluoride is created
       | by nuclear weapons construction as waste and the government has
       | to get rid of it somehow, so in the water it goes" for example.
       | The rest of the evening is a little hazy but I remember that.
       | 
       | Incidentally, I used to think Hell's Angels were just retired
       | dentists.
        
         | zkms wrote:
         | > fluoride is created by nuclear weapons construction as waste
         | and the government has to get rid of it somehow, so in the
         | water it goes
         | 
         | Like some wild conspiracy theories, there is a kernel of truth
         | to this one. Namely, the fluoride used in water fluoridation is
         | indeed an industrial byproduct -- except not from nuclear
         | weapon manufacture, but from the production of phosphate
         | fertilizer.
         | 
         | From the CDC (which is definitely on the pro-fluoridation side
         | of things) website
         | https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/engineering/engineering-sho...
         | 
         | > The three fluoride additives used for water fluoridation are
         | derived principally from phosphate fertilizer production.
        
         | Obscurity4340 wrote:
         | They (ADA) were sort of Mafia-ish in South Park
        
       | kukkeliskuu wrote:
       | Discussion on fluoride is interesting, but isn't the real news
       | the censorship of the research results?
        
       | emodendroket wrote:
       | This seems like it is ultimately a result of the politicization
       | of the issue: it becomes difficult to have an honest conversation
       | of the merits and demerits of something if you know there's a
       | political faction ready to seize on everything you say and take
       | it out of context. Not saying that makes it right, but it's an
       | outcome we could anticipate, I think.
        
       | tonis2 wrote:
       | All foods are full of sugar, government does nothing, children
       | get teeth issues, government solves it, by adding fluorine to our
       | drinking water, adding more to our toxic overload.
        
       | snovymgodym wrote:
       | It's worth thinking about the fact that virtually the entire EU
       | gets by with non fluoridated water.
        
         | Blackthorn wrote:
         | I'm sorry but the difference you can literally just see between
         | the teeth of US vs EU should disabuse you of the notion that
         | they "get by".
        
           | jcfrei wrote:
           | Not sure if you are trolling but are you alluding that the US
           | population has healthier teeth? The "difference you see" is
           | most likely just the much more widespread usage of bleaching
           | in the US (which actually worsens the health of your teeth).
        
             | pedalpete wrote:
             | Bleaching, braces, veneers, and genetics.
             | 
             | I have no idea if there is a genetic difference in the US,
             | but according to Wikipedia, it seems modern toothpaste
             | first took hold in America.
             | 
             | Colgate, a US company, introduced modern toothpaste in
             | 1873. Later, toothpaste that had been developed by
             | researchers in the UK and US, did not find commercial
             | success in the UK, and they focused on the US where it took
             | off.
             | 
             | This suggests that the US were more interested in the
             | appearance of their teeth.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toothpaste#:~:text=Pre%2Dmixe
             | d....
        
             | sunk1st wrote:
             | Preventative dental care in the US is a thing. Have you
             | lived in Europe? It's not really a thing in the EU.
        
               | seszett wrote:
               | I don't really know what this means for the US, but in
               | Belgium you are required to go to the dentist at least
               | once a year if you want to keep being reimbursed by
               | social security.
               | 
               | When I lived in Canada (which I assume isn't too
               | different from the US) with poor social security due to
               | my legal status, I never went to a dentist because it was
               | far, far too expensive.
        
               | olodus wrote:
               | Do you have a reference for that? I'm from Sweden and I
               | can definitely say preventive dental care is a huge thing
               | here. I felt your statement sounded weird so I googled
               | around. DMFT seems to be one index used to rank countries
               | oral health, which is produced by WHO. In that ranking
               | several European countries beat or sit at US levels. Do
               | you only mean eastern Europe?
               | 
               | This links to OECDs compilation of WHOs data, was easier
               | to get the overview from imo: https://www.oecd-
               | ilibrary.org/docserver/health_glance-2009-1...
        
               | heyoni wrote:
               | That study is for children. Oral health problems take
               | years to surface and looking at adults would be a better
               | way to measure these things.
               | 
               | Having lived in both the US and France, I can say that
               | it's been my experience that Americans have "nicer"
               | looking teeth. Whether that translates into anything
               | medically relevant is apparently really difficult to
               | prove.
        
               | bob_theslob646 wrote:
               | Could it be difference in diet and or smoking?
        
               | olodus wrote:
               | WHO produced the exact same data but for adults. I did
               | see similar results there (several EU countries above
               | US). You gave no references as response, instead giving
               | another personal experience.
        
               | heyoni wrote:
               | And? I was very clear that this was anecdotal and
               | responding in a thread about the aesthetic aspect of
               | teeth.
               | 
               | I'm sorry I didn't dig any deeper than the link that was
               | presented but it was about adolescent kids. And no one is
               | saying that these differences show up in young people.
        
               | olodus wrote:
               | My original response were specifically about references.
               | But sorry if it sounded more aggressive than it was. I
               | mistook you for the original person I replied to, which
               | made me answer more direct than maybe was necessary.
               | Also, it was my bad for not linking the actual reference
               | for WHOs adult data. I'll link it here instead [1]. That
               | said, on second look it is from 2000, so it is much older
               | than the one on children. Maybe not as reliable. I remain
               | am quite sceptical to the claim that there is an actual
               | difference between in oral health between EU and US
               | though. And my original response were to someone saying
               | preventive care is completely non-existent in EU, which
               | is simply demonstrably wrong.
               | 
               | [1]: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/66521
        
         | metadat wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | beezlewax wrote:
           | As a European people here often make comments about American
           | teeth being ridiculously white and unnaturally straight. You
           | guys went a bit far on that one.
        
             | pb7 wrote:
             | Unnaturally straight? What is natural to you? My teeth are
             | perfectly straight and so is my entire family's and none of
             | us has ever had braces. Is that not natural?
             | 
             | Corrected vision is unnatural. Did we go a bit far on that
             | too?
             | 
             | Europeans' teeth would be white too if they smoked less.
        
               | beezlewax wrote:
               | Touche! Maybe its just the blinding whiteness then.
        
               | akiselev wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | oldgradstudent wrote:
               | When people destroy their natural healthy teeth to put on
               | veneers, it's very far on that.
               | 
               | When people destroy their teeth enamel, it's very far on
               | that too.
               | 
               | Destroying your natural teeth for an extra shade of
               | blinding white or marginally straighter teeth is insane,
               | and quite common.
        
               | borski wrote:
               | We can all agree that somewhere in between is certainly
               | the preferred option. Walking around with all veneers or
               | crowns is a problem, but so is walking around with
               | constant cavities and yellow teeth, so likely somewhere
               | in between what the US does and the EU does.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | Healthy teeth have nothing to do with veneers and crowns.
               | The opposite of a decorated mouth is not a sick mouth,
               | just like the opposite of a bright pink house isn't a
               | burned down house.
        
               | borski wrote:
               | Sure, that's obviously true, but misses my point; on
               | average, European teeth are less healthy than American
               | teeth. At the same time, American teeth tend to have too
               | much work done on them on average.
               | 
               | Both of these things can be true simultaneously.
        
               | oldgradstudent wrote:
               | Worse, a veneer decorated mouth is a maimed mouth, whose
               | healthy tissues were destroyed.
               | 
               | Veneers don't last forever, they will require lifetime
               | commitment.
        
               | borski wrote:
               | Losing your teeth is also a lifetime commitment.
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | Apparently anything man-made to modify natural outcomes
               | is unnatural.
               | 
               | There are extremes, like elective cosmetic surgery, fake
               | tans, cranial implants, etc., but some things just make
               | living as an ordinary person easier. Glasses, hearing
               | aids, normal medicines, etc.
        
               | pengaru wrote:
               | > Europeans' teeth would be white too if they smoked
               | less.
               | 
               | err, maybe if they also didn't drink so much coffee
               | and/or tea
               | 
               | Let's not ignore the fact that Americans have largely
               | embraced teeth whitening as a norm.
        
             | stefantalpalaru wrote:
             | [dead]
        
           | ttctciyf wrote:
           | Their precious bodily fluids[1] retain their purity, at
           | least.
           | 
           | 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4XhhTF7vRM
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | They don't have to spend tens of thousands of dollars on
           | their children's teeth to make sure that their kids can find
           | professional jobs without being written off the first time
           | they smile during the job interview. It's a symptom of our
           | sick culture in the US.
        
           | dypsilon wrote:
           | There is a paper linked on Wikipedia stating that studies
           | conducted in Germany showed that "Water fluoridation was
           | followed by a decrease of caries, and interruptions in
           | fluoridation were followed by increasing caries levels." but
           | also "There was a significant caries decrease down to the
           | lowest DMFT (2.0) since 1959 in spite of the fact that only
           | F-poor water was available over years [...] explained by
           | changes in caries-preventive and environmental conditions."
           | 
           | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1034/j.1600-0528..
           | ..
        
           | madsbuch wrote:
           | this is interesting, can you refer any statistics?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | esperent wrote:
         | It's in other products instead. I think it depends on the
         | country, but usually salt and toothpaste. I don't think there
         | are any developed countries that have stopped fluoridation
         | entirely.
        
           | ricardobeat wrote:
           | Only two countries, Germany and Switzerland, have fluoridated
           | salt.
        
             | hammock wrote:
             | Salt fluoridation schemes are reaching more than 100
             | million people in Mexico, Colombia, Peru and Cuba as well
             | as 85% of Switzerland and 67% of Germany.
        
               | ricardobeat wrote:
               | That was in the context of "the entire EU".
        
             | makeitdouble wrote:
             | France has some too, but it always was an option for those
             | who care and not a default. As such it's clearly labelled
             | and marketed (same for iode and other additives)
        
           | hosteur wrote:
           | It's in toothpaste but you don't eat that. I have never heard
           | of it being in salt. Maybe you think of iodine?
        
             | nulbyte wrote:
             | Several countries have flouridized table salt.
             | 
             | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24308394/
        
       | DoreenMichele wrote:
       | FYI:
       | 
       |  _The CDC recommends breastfeeding infants, as breastmilk
       | contains significantly less fluoride than fluoridated drinking
       | water. If breastfeeding is not possible, the CDC also endorses
       | using fluoridated water in infant formula, though it suggests
       | mixing the formula with low-fluoride bottled water to lessen the
       | risk of dental fluorosis.
       | 
       | Infants who are fed formula made with fluoridated tap water can
       | have three to four times higher fluoride exposure than adults,
       | warned Lanphear. He added that before an infant's teeth erupt,
       | there's no benefit to fluoride exposure. "There are vulnerable
       | groups we have to be worried about," he said, "and that's not
       | being brought out adequately by these agencies."_
        
         | CrampusDestrus wrote:
         | Every chemical imbalance in infants is going to have much
         | greater effects than on adults. They are literally a fraction
         | of our body mass
        
         | s0rce wrote:
         | Hmm, its been a while since I worked in the area of dental
         | fluoride (was part of my PhD) but my understanding was systemic
         | exposure pre-eruption was still beneficial. This (possibly
         | biased source) agrees:
         | 
         | https://www.dentalcare.com/en-us/ce-courses/ce334/pre-erupti...
         | 
         | Excess exposure can cause fluorosis but nothing to do with the
         | brain.
        
           | newZWhoDis wrote:
           | None of the studies I have seen properly account for the
           | lifetime effect, and instead only deduce lack of harm from
           | flawed isolated studies.
           | 
           | It's in the entire water supply.
           | 
           | You were gestated in a womb of a woman consuming highly
           | fluoridated water.
           | 
           | You were fed formula made with fluoridated water tuned to
           | dose a 200lb man when you were 8lbs.
           | 
           | The water you drank as your bones were growing was similarly
           | overdosed
           | 
           | The food you eat is washed in fluoridated water. The coffee
           | and beer you drink is brewed with fluoridated water. The
           | bread you eat is made with fluoridated water.
           | 
           | Basically, the dose is insanely wrong from the get go and
           | then it's applied to everything so there's no way to
           | accurately measure exposure. Then factor in the bell
           | distribution and you are massively overexposing huge numbers
           | of people a few standard deviations out.
        
             | tzs wrote:
             | > It's in the entire water supply
             | 
             | Not quite. In the US about 15% of the population get their
             | drinking water from private wells. I wonder if anyone has
             | compared groups that are similar except for whether they
             | are on a well or municipal?
             | 
             | It shouldn't be hard to find such groups by looking at the
             | boundaries of municipal water systems. For example on my
             | street everyone east of me is on city water and everyone
             | else is on wells. Both groups are demographically very
             | similar.
        
             | arcticbull wrote:
             | > You were fed formula made with fluoridated water tuned to
             | dose a 200lb man when you were 8lbs.
             | 
             | Er, no. A baby only consumes 4-8oz of water per day while
             | an adult is consuming 125oz. The concentration is the same
             | in both cases so the adult is getting 30X more.
             | 
             | > Then factor in the bell distribution and you are
             | massively overexposing huge numbers of people a few
             | standard deviations out.
             | 
             | How are you defining 'overexposed' and 'highly' in these
             | statements. Do you have any studies or evidence? How are
             | you deciding this consumption isn't factored into how much
             | is put in water?
        
               | VectorLock wrote:
               | Its kind of hilarious to picture what a new born baby
               | taking in the amount of water a 200 lb man would in a
               | day.
               | 
               | And of course "overexposed" is exactly the dose that fits
               | their narrative.
               | 
               | I'm suspect they'd also have an opinion about not
               | showering as much to not absorb the flouride through
               | their skin.
        
               | ifdefdebug wrote:
               | > The concentration is the same in both cases so the
               | adult is getting 30X more.
               | 
               | That should read 15-30 times more, according to your own
               | figures. And then, the baby's mass is about 15-30 times
               | less than the adult, so at the end you are in the same
               | ballpark again, percentagewise.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | Yep, but the implication was that the child was getting a
               | megadose. They're not. They would be if they were
               | drinking 15-30X as much water per unit mass. That's not a
               | child, that's a water balloon.
        
           | yarg wrote:
           | Possibly biased?
           | 
           | It's two clicks away from an online shop for (fluoride)
           | toothpaste.
        
             | s0rce wrote:
             | Didn't check conflicts of interest closely but here are
             | more sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21701194/ htt
             | ps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1600-0528...
             | . https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/002203459207
             | 100...
        
           | wiredfool wrote:
           | My n=3 test would tend to confirm this.
           | 
           | First kid was born and lived for a year or so when we had
           | city water, which was flouridated. 2nd and 3rd kid were born
           | where we were on well water, with no flouride.
           | 
           | First kid had no baby tooth cavities. Second and Third wound
           | up with cavities on the front teeth, and we used topical
           | flouridation for re-mineralization.
        
       | r3trohack3r wrote:
       | I've heard from someone who worked in a water district that they
       | didn't add fluoride to water for dental health, that was a spin
       | they put on it. Not sure how true it is though.
       | 
       | After the city treated and purified the water, they needed
       | something to add in to keep it from reacting with the city's
       | pipes. Otherwise the water will eat the pipe and you get dirty
       | water full of pipe delivered to the tap.
       | 
       | They needed something that was cheap, relatively safe to drink,
       | and available in large quantities- fluoride checked those boxes.
       | Supposedly they came up with the dental spin to sell the solution
       | to the public.
        
       | quinto_quarto wrote:
       | "Mandrake, have you ever seen a commie drink a glass of water?"
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qr2bSL5VQgM&ab_channel=Jacob
        
       | alakep wrote:
       | I don't brush my teeth because I don't want the residual fluoride
       | there.
       | 
       | It's healthier to just slosh some vodka around to kill the germs
       | (this wouldn't work with kids, but hey they'll lose their first
       | teeth so who cares).
        
         | alliao wrote:
         | whiskey work better apparently due to acidity
        
           | s0rce wrote:
           | Whiskey is only very weakly acidic, likely having no impact
           | compared to neutral unbuffered vodka.
        
           | jorvi wrote:
           | Neither are a good idea but vodka is virtually pure water and
           | alcohol. Whisky has a bunch of other stuff in it, including
           | sugar.
        
         | throwaway2990 wrote:
         | I'm very much anti fluoride in drinking water. And did not buy
         | fluoride tooth paste for my kids until they learned to spit.
         | 
         | But 1) kids brush teeth to form a healthy habit, and protect
         | their gums. Kids who do not brush teeth often develop gum
         | disease which can cause tooth loss in the future as adults.
         | 
         | 2) residual fluoride isn't anything to worry about. Just spit
         | the toothpaste out. If you're super worried about fluoride then
         | look for calcium fluoride toothpaste which is not poisonous.
         | 
         | 3) sloshing vodka or whiskey around doesn't remove plague from
         | your teeth and you will suffer tooth decay regardless.
        
           | s0rce wrote:
           | Whats the point of calcium fluoride in your toothpaste, the
           | water solubility is very low I would suspect it to do almost
           | nothing, could be wrong, never heard of this. Generally
           | soluble salts like sodium or tin fluoride are used.
        
             | throwaway2990 wrote:
             | Sodium fluoride is a by product of aluminium production and
             | is poisonous in high dosage. That's why people are so anti
             | fluoride.
             | 
             | Calcium fluoride is naturally occurring and was what was
             | discovered to be so good. Well the water it was first
             | discovered was contaminated with sodium fluoride from
             | aluminium but the water that promoted the research was
             | calcium fluoride.
             | 
             | But while sodium fluoride is poisonous in high levels. You
             | could drink super high levels of calcium fluoride and be
             | totally fine.
             | 
             | So if you're super worried about sodium fluoride (which you
             | shouldn't be in tooth paste since you should spit it out
             | and anything you swallowed is harmless as the dosage is so
             | low) then the alternative is to source tooth paste with
             | calcium fluoride. Which is harder to get but it does exist.
        
               | s0rce wrote:
               | The fact that its produced from aluminum refining is
               | irrelevant. Also everything is poisonous in high enough
               | doses.
               | 
               | I understand that calcium fluoride isn't going to harm
               | you because its not soluble, its just like eating some
               | inert rocks but its basically pointless to add to
               | toothpaste.
               | 
               | I'm not worried about fluoride, its very helpful for
               | dental health, I did a bunch of my PhD on this.
        
         | jancsika wrote:
         | > but hey they'll lose their first teeth so who cares
         | 
         | Just like learning best practices in computer language-- fire
         | up that REPL and don't do shit because it's not a real
         | application.
        
         | AequitasOmnibus wrote:
         | I hope this is poorly conveyed satire. If not... good God.
         | 
         | Apart from the hygienic value in brushing, whether you agree
         | with it or not, halitosis is an offensive smell to most of the
         | public. Some of the worst breath I've ever had to smell came
         | from alcoholics whose spirit of choice is vodka.
        
         | bandyaboot wrote:
         | This can also double as a sleep aid if you don't spit it out.
        
         | tiberious726 wrote:
         | That will just dehydrate your mouth and kill all the bacteria
         | which is supposed to be there. I joke about it with my
         | neighbors when we have a boil water advisory, do not actually
         | do it in real life.
        
           | rale00 wrote:
           | Wait till you find out whats in mouthwash...
        
             | tiberious726 wrote:
             | Floor cleaner?
        
         | heyoni wrote:
         | I could smell this comment
        
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