[HN Gopher] Comparing iPhone 13 vs. iPhone 14 for Astrophotography
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Comparing iPhone 13 vs. iPhone 14 for Astrophotography
        
       Author : mikece
       Score  : 58 points
       Date   : 2023-05-28 14:36 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.diyphotography.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.diyphotography.net)
        
       | ris wrote:
       | I guess this is "astrophotography" for the sake of making pretty
       | images, because I couldn't imagine the "computational AI"
       | features he mentions towards the end of the article doing
       | anything but horrify even an amateur astronomer.
        
         | Scea91 wrote:
         | What do you mean? Statistics and ML is used in astrophotography
         | regularly. For example, the famous black hole "photo" [1].
         | 
         | https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/black-hole-i...
        
           | etrautmann wrote:
           | Yes, but the computational pipeline is designed and
           | implemented by the end user to achieve a scientific result.
           | Here, it's a black box where the resulting image cannot be
           | treated as raw data.
        
             | chongli wrote:
             | Yes exactly. The training set used for the famous black
             | hole image was a database of images created using black
             | hole simulations based on our best available models. This
             | is pretty far away from these consumer ML models trained on
             | publicly available images which may as well be consider
             | garbage from a scientific perspective.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | Nothing about phone cameras involves "ML models trained
               | on publicly available images".
        
               | chongli wrote:
               | You haven't been following the story, then, because
               | Samsung phone cameras have been accused of doing exactly
               | that: using a training set of publicly available images
               | to "enhance" people's images by filling in details with a
               | ML model.
        
           | empyrrhicist wrote:
           | That is completely unrelated to astrophotography as a hobby,
           | taking pictures of space objects from the surface of the
           | earth. Like, totally and completely not-comparable in any
           | way.
        
         | birdman3131 wrote:
         | As somebody who has a Pixel 7 I completely agree. The AI makes
         | my photos unusable. The worst part is I can see a usable image
         | before it finishes processing. But then it turns it into
         | pixilated garbage.
         | 
         | I am often taking pictures of small text that is borderline
         | unreadable to get part numbers off stuff. The AI processing is
         | absolutely a bad idea.
        
           | FridayoLeary wrote:
           | On that subject one of the recent samsung models had a rather
           | interesting feature, where you could print a blurry picture
           | of the moon, put it in a dark room and the camera would
           | "enhance" the image adding detail it never had. I think
           | smartphone cameras are reaching the limits of their
           | potential, the only way forward now is ever protruding camera
           | bumps.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | You can install an alternate camera app if you just want raw
           | rixels with no computetional stuff.
           | 
           | Having said that, I find the computational stuff turns a
           | fairly poor sensor and lens into kinda acceptable photos, as
           | long as I don't want to zoom in (I can see far further with
           | my eyes than the camera can when it comes to taking photos of
           | tiny far away things)
        
           | dzikimarian wrote:
           | You can disable lot of AI in settings, you can also enable
           | saving RAWs.
        
         | vrtnis wrote:
         | On that front, there is also one called the vaonis hyperia that
         | seems totally automatic, but perhaps we miss out on the
         | challenge of amateur astronomy..
        
       | quanto wrote:
       | for general users who simply want clearer photos, what are some
       | cheaper phones for recommendation?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | justsocrateasin wrote:
         | If you can get your handles on a Pixel 3 for cheap, that took
         | simply incredible photos. Even better than my current iPhone 12
         | for most purposes (not all).
        
           | habosa wrote:
           | Pixel 3 photos continue to be my favorite of any phone I've
           | ever owned (had iPhones since then) I thought I was the only
           | one
        
       | xattt wrote:
       | 1:1 crops still look like a solarized mess. It's nothing than a
       | feel-good gimmick ("oh wow, this phone in my pocket can do some
       | sort of multi-syllable photography").
        
         | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
         | Yeah, I kinda lost me at the end when he's talking about AI
         | generated "synthetic skies".
         | 
         | I get it, a ton of photoshops will just drop in a new sky. But
         | that's a choice that a user made not a choice that the phone
         | manufacturer made for them.
        
           | CharlesW wrote:
           | > _Yeah, I kinda lost me at the end when he's talking about
           | AI generated "synthetic skies"._
           | 
           | For anyone who didn't read TFA, this is part of an in-story
           | quote by Russell Brown (not the author) talking about the
           | future of mobile photography. As a long-time Adobe employee
           | he's parroting their messaging here, since Adobe's value-add
           | is in "what comes after" photography.
           | 
           | Photoshop's new AI-powered Generative Fill is a good example
           | of what Russell's thinking of when he talks about
           | "computational AI" (a non-sensical name intended to one-up
           | "computational photography"):
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uR7j8r-LzQ8
        
       | alexose wrote:
       | I've read that CMOS sensors perform better in low light
       | conditions if they're kept cold. Curious if anyone has tried this
       | with a smartphone...
        
       | wyager wrote:
       | > I used the 1x camera, which is 26mm at f/1.5
       | 
       | I find this way of describing the iPhone cameras frustratingly
       | misleading. It's not the author's fault; Apple does it in their
       | official specs.
       | 
       | The "26mm" rating is "equivalent", meaning "this looks like a
       | 26mm lens on a 35mm film camera". It basically tells you the FOV
       | angle.
       | 
       | The "f/1.5" rating is _not_ equivalent. It 's very dishonest to
       | mix and match equivalent and non-equivalent specs, because it
       | makes the lens sound a lot better than it is to non-expert
       | readers. If they were being honest, the equivalent aperture would
       | be a lot smaller, like f/16 or something.
       | 
       | Every other camera mfg I am aware of will consistently use
       | equivalent or non-equivalent for all specs, and make it clear
       | which they are using.
       | 
       | For example, most mirrorless camera lenses are spec'd non-
       | equivalently, meaning that a "26mm f/1.5" means "if you put this
       | lens on a 35mm camera and extrapolated the output to cover the
       | whole sensor, that's what you would get". To understand what it
       | will look like on a different sensor, you multiply 26 and 1.5 by
       | the crop factor.
       | 
       | In Apple's case, it's actually impossible to tell what the image
       | will look like from the specs without looking up the crop factor,
       | which of course they don't advertise front and center like they
       | do this misleading tuple of specs.
       | 
       | In general, lenses with smaller f/N aperture values tend to be
       | better and more expensive (because they have a larger aperture,
       | let in more light, narrower depth of field), so if you don't mind
       | misleading customers, you just pick the smallest denominator you
       | can get away with.
        
         | musictubes wrote:
         | I hate hate hate "equivalent aperture" specs. I don't mind the
         | FOV being equated to 35mm sensor size but give me the actual
         | Fstop please. Back in the day I shot formats from 8x10 down to
         | 16mm. Nobody ever tried to normalize DOF between formats by
         | talking about fstops until digital photography. Trying to
         | normalize DOF across formats only obscures and confuses what is
         | actually going on optically. No particular fstop (ratio between
         | focal length and physical aperture) has a unique look and yet
         | that is what people that demand equivalent fstops assume and
         | demand.
         | 
         | For exposure purposes, f1.5 is the accurate and most important
         | spec for that lens. All mirrorless camera lenses are specced
         | accurately with focal length and fstop. Perhaps some of the
         | marketing is done with 35mm "equivalent" specs but I've never
         | seen a lens that had anything but the actual measurements on
         | them. I'm not sure why people are still referring to 35mm focal
         | lengths when talking about FOV in any case. Nobody is comparing
         | the lens on an iPhone with one on a camera with a 35mm sized
         | sensor. Certainly nobody will use the iPhone lens on another
         | camera.
         | 
         | The main sensor on an iPhone is larger than most phone cameras
         | but still close enough that touting the f1.5 fstop does indeed
         | mean that it lets in more light, has a larger aperture, and has
         | a narrower DOF than many other phone cameras. The vast majority
         | of iPhone users have never shot with 35mm cameras and so
         | wouldn't have any idea what you're talking about when it comes
         | to 35mm DOF. I wish companies would ditch the 35mm normalized
         | specs altogether.
        
         | doodlesdev wrote:
         | Every time people tell me iPhone cameras are getting as good as
         | dedicated DSLR/mirrorless, I always point this out to them.
         | F/16 is absolutely unusable for certain types of photography
         | (although quite perfect for landscape), and even worse with
         | such a small sensor with that big of a crop factor (3.5x) [0].
         | I personally use a f1.8 35 mm on an APS-C sensor for hobby
         | photography and I still feel the sensor is too small for
         | portrait photography or low light, but then I'm also kind of a
         | weirdo since I still use film cameras once in a while (can't
         | afford a full-frame lol, so I use it for portraits).
         | 
         | [0]: https://www.dpreview.com/articles/6110937480
        
           | foldr wrote:
           | I don't personally care for shallow depth of field (it's
           | become a cliche at this point), but the best phone cameras do
           | a pretty good job of faking it. It's not yet perfect, but
           | it's only going to get better. I also like that I can
           | precisely adjust the amount of background blur in post.
        
         | chipsa wrote:
         | The f/1.5 is an actual rating. It's the ratio between the focal
         | length and the diameter of the pupil. It's important for
         | shutter speeds, and relative performance in low light (before
         | all the computational duckery). I can compare roughly a phone
         | camera that's at f/1.5 vs a phone camera that's at f/2. Making
         | a low f/number lens is more difficult than a high f/number
         | lens, regardless of actual focal length.
         | 
         | And I've got a non-35mm mirrorless camera. All the lens I've
         | got are marked with the true focal length and true f/number,
         | not some "equivalent". My iPhone camera photos' metadata show
         | the focal length, both true and "35mm equivalent".
        
         | karashi wrote:
         | Camera manufacturers do the same misleading marketing too
         | right? Here's a video of someone complaining about it.
         | https://youtu.be/6Im4W_9blhY?t=7m28s
         | 
         | That said, at least with stand-alone camera manufacturers you
         | can usually work out what the real specs should be if you're in
         | the know.
        
       | barbariangrunge wrote:
       | I like an old camera I have around here with a 50mm lens because
       | the photos I take with it resemble what I see better than when I
       | use my old smartphone.
       | 
       | Eg, the size of a windmill behind somebody can vary dramatically
       | in size depending on this
       | 
       | If I upgraded my phone, do the new smartphones enable you to take
       | photos like my old 50mm camera, or will I still need my old
       | camera to capture those shots?
        
         | NikolaNovak wrote:
         | 50mm on full frame camera is called a "normal lens" precisely
         | because for most people it mimics their internal perspective /
         | wordlview, so you're not alone:-)
         | 
         | Just look at any given phone specs and see if any of the
         | cameras they offer are near "50mm equivalent" (you may have to
         | dig because primary specs are usually useless - either the
         | completely arbitrary "2x zoom" or the focal length on the
         | specific sensor size such as "4.38mm" Which is true but not
         | useful).
         | 
         | Most phones come with wide and ultra wide lenses. I'm with you
         | and don't like those. Other phones come with zoom lenses of
         | various focal lengths. Most of those on the other hand will
         | overshoot Into 75mm and higher territory.
         | 
         | Worst case, grab a phone with great lens and sensor and zoom it
         | in the store until you get 50mm equivalent... And see if that
         | works.
         | 
         | Note though there may be many other subtle and subconscious
         | things you like about that camera besides focal length of the
         | lens : aperture, bokeh, vignetting, film type, specific
         | aberrations, or even the feel in your hand and mechanics of the
         | shutter and the optical viewfinder. It's certainly more FUN,
         | for me personally, to take a photo with DSLR than an iPhone :-)
        
         | tass wrote:
         | On the iPhone at least, all lenses are wide angle equivalent
         | (24mm, 13mm) except for the telephoto (77mm).
         | 
         | There might be a lens you can attach that narrows it down, but
         | otherwise your old camera will do a better job handling your
         | requirement.
        
           | foldr wrote:
           | The 2x digital zoom is pretty good on the 14 Pro as it's
           | still got 12MP to work with. (I'm guessing that combining a
           | stack of slightly misaligned exposures helps it to overcome
           | the loss of color information you'd expect from the quad
           | Bayer layout.)
        
             | yakubin wrote:
             | Digital zoom doesn't fix the distorted perspective.
        
               | foldr wrote:
               | The perspective is determined by where you're standing in
               | relation to the subject.
               | 
               | If you're talking about wide angle 'distortion', then on
               | an iPhone (with the default settings) that's just what a
               | rectilinear projection looks like with a wide field of
               | view. Zooming in digitally 'corrects' that just as much
               | as using a longer focal length would.
               | 
               | You can easily confirm this by taking side by side
               | comparisons. There are many of these you can find by
               | googling, as this is a popular myth. E.g.
               | https://www.photoreview.com.au/tips/shooting/perspective-
               | and....
        
               | yakubin wrote:
               | Your link doesn't load for me. I'm talking about the
               | contraction of depth when using focal lengths greater
               | than 47mm and lengthening of it when using shorter focal
               | lengths. I guess you can contract depth as well by
               | walking backwards, but at this point your subject is so
               | small you lost a lot of detail. Also, your subject may be
               | gone by then.
        
               | lm28469 wrote:
               | Then you mean "depth of field" not "distorted
               | perspective"
               | 
               | The perspective will be the same with a 24mm or 200mm (or
               | any focal length) as long as you stay in the same
               | position relative to the subject, if you crop in the 24mm
               | to get the 200mm field of view you'll get the same image
               | with a much lower resolution and much wider depth of
               | field (ie blurred background)
               | 
               | The perspective distortion happens if you physically move
               | closer to your subject to get the same framing on the 24
               | as you had on the 200
        
               | yakubin wrote:
               | The thing is though that the depth is contracted
               | disproportionally much more than width and height, which
               | results in a non-linear transformation of perceived
               | dimensions. This causes lines to bend. At 47mm straight
               | lines aren't bent no matter the distance from whatever
               | there is in the picture. At shorter lengths there are
               | always regions in your photo which are distorted in this
               | way. You can't fix that by changing your position. The
               | only thing you'll do is change what object is bent and in
               | so doing maybe make it less obvious.
        
               | ricardobeat wrote:
               | That's lens distortion, and has nothing to do with depth.
               | Phones will correct it in software automatically, and
               | Lightroom etc can also do it for your DSLR lenses.
               | 
               | It's not usually a concern until you get to <20mm, and
               | especially not if you're going to crop the center of the
               | picture to mimic a 50mm perspective.
        
         | olah_1 wrote:
         | You basically have to zoom in on the camera app to get a 50mm
         | equivalent photo. This isn't as bad as it seems though. The 2x
         | quality is quite good on the baseline photos these days.
         | 
         | However, on the "pro" iphone models, they do have a "telephoto"
         | lense that is indeed a 50mm equivalent that will get you the
         | perspective that you're used to.
         | 
         | Here is the one on the iPhone 14 Pro -> 12MP 2x Telephoto
         | (enabled by quad-pixel sensor): 48 mm
         | 
         | Personally, I use an iPhone 8 plus and pretty much always take
         | images on 2x zoom. Because yeah everyone looks better on a
         | longer lense.
        
           | tass wrote:
           | Zooming doesn't correct the perspective though.
           | 
           | I didn't know they blended lenses to create a 50mm, there
           | must be some post processing tricks to have it look right -
           | are there examples side by side with a true 50mm?
        
             | NikolaNovak wrote:
             | I think there's a lot of misunderstanding here and a lot of
             | optically correct comments are being down voted.
             | 
             | 50mm is a focal length. If what you like about 50mm is
             | indeed the perspective (as opposed to other subtle things
             | that may creep like aperture/bokeh or aberration or
             | vignetting of the specific lens) then zooming something to
             | 50mm effective field of view is exactly what will
             | accomplish the goal.
        
             | numpad0 wrote:
             | It does. Focal length is just an alternate notation for
             | FOV. 2x crop on a "28mm" photo should geometrically match
             | that of any 1,2/55, except bluriness(bokeh) effect and
             | image quality.
        
             | foldr wrote:
             | Perspective is determined entirely by the position of the
             | photographer relative to the subject. There will be no
             | difference in perspective if you zoom in with the phone to
             | get the same angle of view you get with a 50mm lens on a
             | full frame camera.
             | 
             | Here is one of many explanations of this you can find
             | online:
             | https://www.photoreview.com.au/tips/shooting/perspective-
             | and....
        
       | rqtwteye wrote:
       | I think the time isn't too far away when you don't even have to
       | go out for taking pictures but you just tell AI to create a
       | perfect image at a certain location with objects or people of
       | your choice. That's maybe a good thing because a lot of people
       | who just want Instagram shots won't bother going to the places
       | anymore so it will be less crowded.
        
         | ccooffee wrote:
         | Samsung has recently been caught replacing the moon in pictures
         | with a reference image. Discussed on HN less than 3 months ago:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35107601
        
           | m463 wrote:
           | Reading this it seems their method of doing this is different
           | than I expected, but maybe more disturbing:
           | 
           | "In the side-by-side above, I hope you can appreciate that
           | Samsung is leveraging an AI model to put craters and other
           | details on places which were just a blurry mess."
           | 
           | https://teddit.net/r/Android/comments/11nzrb0/samsung_space_.
           | ..
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-05-28 23:01 UTC)