[HN Gopher] A man sued Avianca Airline - his lawyer used ChatGPT
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       A man sued Avianca Airline - his lawyer used ChatGPT
        
       Author : nlh
       Score  : 143 points
       Date   : 2023-05-27 15:00 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nytimes.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nytimes.com)
        
       | Am4TIfIsER0ppos wrote:
       | I can't wait for chatgpt equivalent of citogenesis
       | (https://xkcd.com/978/) to happen.
        
       | Szpadel wrote:
       | archive.org link
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20230527153017/https://www.nytim...
        
         | metadat wrote:
         | https://archive.today/pnEhz
        
       | joshka wrote:
       | @dang - the earlier article on reason.com is more thorough -
       | perhaps merge these two posts?
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36092509
       | 
       | https://reason.com/volokh/2023/05/27/a-lawyers-filing-is-rep...
        
       | NelsonMinar wrote:
       | OpenAI deserves some blame here. Their product UI does a very
       | poor job conveying that it will just make things up when asked
       | for specific information. And in the conversation there's no
       | particular hint that the confidently stated "facts" are not in
       | fact true. A large number of people get tripped up by this when
       | first using ChatGPT. I did myself, it took me a day or two to
       | realize the papers or web pages it was claiming existed didn't.
       | It's pathological.
        
         | scrollaway wrote:
         | This drawback is presented front and center every time you open
         | ChatGPT. A lawyer of all people should have known better.
        
       | hartator wrote:
       | > Judge Castel said in an order that he had been presented with
       | "an unprecedented circumstance," a legal submission replete with
       | "bogus judicial decisions, with bogus quotes and bogus internal
       | citations." He ordered a hearing for June 8 to discuss potential
       | sanctions.
       | 
       | Disbarment should be a no-brainer and a minimum.
       | 
       | Just "Southern China Airlines" should have raised eyebrows. This
       | lawyer has shown obvious disrespect to the court, the court time,
       | and to his client.
        
         | paul_f wrote:
         | The lawyer should lose his license. Imagine they had turned in
         | this brief and follow up and ChatGPT had not been involved.
         | Instant disbarment. ChatGPT is not an excuse for a professional
         | to produce nonsense in front of the court. Bye bye.
        
           | psychphysic wrote:
           | Disbarment seems excessive to me.
           | 
           | I don't think this is indictiative of a wider issue. Or
           | likely to be repeated substantially.
           | 
           | In terms of severity it's painfully foolish but then again
           | ChatGPT is a totally new tool and a lot of people will be
           | caught off guard.
           | 
           | I am stunned the lawyer didn't at least look up the case
           | notes or even prepare a pocket brief if he believed they were
           | real but hard to find
        
             | unyttigfjelltol wrote:
             | Yeah, interestingly, being bad at lawyering isn't a typical
             | reason for discipline. Discipline is integrity and process-
             | based, things like stealing client funds and failing to
             | communicate promptly and reasonably with the client.
             | 
             | Arguably the leading goof was using a technology the lawyer
             | didn't understand and failing to inform the client of the
             | risks of using it. Between that and citing garbage
             | precedent-- half the bar might be eligible for discipline
             | on any given day. The judge might issue sanctions but bar
             | discipline is a different ball of wax.
        
         | not_a_shill wrote:
         | If disbarment is the minimum, what's the maximum? I'm
         | unfamiliar with other cases in which lesser offenses have led
         | to disbarment.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | I wouldn't be surprised if prison is on the table.
           | Intentionally filing bullshit to the court can get you some
           | penalties indeed.
        
             | zapdrive wrote:
             | He swore under oath that everything in the affidavit is
             | correct. So he lied under oath, means he committed perjury.
             | Where I live, perjury has a 3 year jail sentence. However
             | it is very rarely enforced.
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | The standard for perjury is (generally) a standard of
               | _belief_ , which is much stronger than factuality.
               | Ignorance of what ChatGPT is, even shocking ignorance,
               | may not clear that bar.
               | 
               | In other words: I would be very surprised if perjury was
               | on the table here. This falls under the kind of basic
               | competence and client obligation that the Bar exists to
               | address.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Without malicious intent it's highly unlikely he will get
               | a perjury charge but he may be made an example of.
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | I don't think disbarment is out of the question (and that
               | would indeed send a very strong message), but I disagree
               | that this comes anywhere close to a serious risk of
               | prison for this lawyer.
        
         | eastbound wrote:
         | I suspect a lot of lawyers should be disbarred, GPT aside. They
         | don't always _care_ about their customers. I've often been more
         | expert than my lawyers in France, and I've seen at least one
         | guy going to prison where the lawyer, publicly shamed by a
         | dozen of youtubers for not actioning the various correct
         | levers, told the excuse that he "only had an hour to review the
         | case".
         | 
         | What are we paying for, if the guy spends 4 months in prison
         | before the faulty judgement being overruled, if the lawyer says
         | he didn't even work on the file.
         | 
         | When you hire a lawyer, you have no guarantee he will work for
         | you.
        
           | LelouBil wrote:
           | Do you have a name or links for the incident you mention ?
        
         | raverbashing wrote:
         | The title of the made up case seems to be "China Southern
         | Airlines", which is correct. But it is misquoted on Document 31
         | (Order to Show Cause) as China South Airlines
        
       | croes wrote:
       | Could be a clever method to make programs like ChatGPT
       | untrustworthy for potential clients.
        
       | cratermoon wrote:
       | I was able to coax ChatGPT into inventing an entirely fake trend
       | in cocktails and distilling, complete with stories about newly-
       | opening bars and made-up concoctions (including recipes)
       | supposedly created and served at these bars.
        
       | acd wrote:
       | I think it should be required to state if a written statement is
       | written by a GPT.
       | 
       | "This text section is written by GPT provided by company XYZ"
       | 
       | Then humans would know that a particular part is written by an
       | AI.
        
         | GaggiX wrote:
         | >Then humans would know that a particular part is written by an
         | AI.
         | 
         | Humans would know if a part is written by an AI or not only if
         | there is a way to enforce the rule.
        
       | adql wrote:
       | Can't bullshit people who specialize at calling the other side's
       | bullshit.
       | 
       | Not that there can't be use for it,I'm sure it could work as
       | great assisted search engine if it was made to cite sources.
        
       | b1ue64 wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/tHuXv
        
       | andrewmg wrote:
       | Some context: any litigator will have access to Westlaw or Lexis-
       | Nexis to look up and verify cited authorities like cases. It's
       | considered bad practice, at best, to cite authorities that one
       | has not reviewed--for example, case citations drawn from a
       | treatise or article.
       | 
       | As a practical matter, it is inconceivable to me that the
       | attorney here, at least upon being ordered by the court to
       | provide copies of the cases he cited, did not look them up in
       | West or Lexis and see that they don't exist. That he appears to
       | have pressed on at that point, and asked ChatGPT to generate them
       | --which would take some pointed prompting--was just digging his
       | own hole. That, more than anything, may warrant professional
       | discipline.
        
       | Reason077 wrote:
       | "Estate of Durden v. KLM Royal Dutch Airlines"
       | 
       |  _Tyler_ Durden? LOL, you couldn 't make this stuff up. Unless
       | you're ChatGPT, obviously.
        
       | julienchastang wrote:
       | Related article: "End of the Billable Hour? Law Firms Get On
       | Board With Artificial Intelligence, Lawyers start to use GPT-4
       | technology to do legal research, draft documents and analyze
       | contracts" [0]
       | 
       | Critical thinking skills are more important than ever in the age
       | of AI. Used correctly, ChatGPT(4) can sometimes be a huge time
       | saver, but you cannot believe all the bullshit it serves you.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.wsj.com/articles/end-of-the-billable-hour-law-
       | fi...
        
       | jaclaz wrote:
       | Another thread where the poster linked to the relevant Court
       | .pdf's:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36092914
       | 
       | Particularly relevant is the affidavit in which the lawyer tries
       | to explain to the Court what happened:
       | 
       | https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.57...
        
         | lionkor wrote:
         | Hahaha that second link is brilliant.
         | 
         | "Hm, maybe I should double check ChatGPTs output... Hey,
         | ChatGPT, does your output make sense?" - "Yeah, my output
         | definitely makes sense". "Are you sure?" - "Yeah".
         | 
         | Well, then.
        
           | namaria wrote:
           | >Mr. Schwartz said that he had never used ChatGPT, and
           | "therefore was unaware of the possibility that its content
           | could be false."
           | 
           | Why did he think it was true, if he had never used it before
           | then?
           | 
           | "I found it online" levels of competence here.
        
       | montroser wrote:
       | > Mr. Schwartz said that he had never used ChatGPT, and
       | "therefore was unaware of the possibility that its content could
       | be false."
       | 
       | > He had, he told Judge Castel, even asked the program to verify
       | that the cases were real.
       | 
       | These two ideas are incompatible with each other. You can't claim
       | that you didn't know to question the source, and then also that
       | you questioned the source, even if it was done in the least
       | effective possible manner.
        
         | NeoTar wrote:
         | Perhaps logically incompatible, but within legal proceedings
         | you are allowed to use what is called alternative pleading, or
         | alternative defence.
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_pleading
         | 
         | To quote Richard "Racehorse" Haynes in the Wikipedia article:
         | 
         | "Say you sue me because you say my dog bit you. Well, now this
         | is my defense: My dog doesn't bite. And second, in the
         | alternative, my dog was tied up that night. And third, I don't
         | believe you really got bit. And fourth, I don't have a dog."
         | 
         | So, here the defence is:
         | 
         | * I didn't believe the content could be false,
         | 
         | * Even if it is legally determined that I (beyond a reasonable
         | doubt) knew the the content could be false, I asked the program
         | to verify that the cases were real.
         | 
         | There are more details in the wikipedia article, but I believe
         | this is legally valuable because a defendant is required to
         | legally enter a defence and cannot easily change this.
        
           | codeflo wrote:
           | I don't even think it's logically incompatible. Isn't this
           | just ((A - B) [?] (!A - B)) - B?
        
             | sowbug wrote:
             | Perhaps, but it can be confusing if the listener interprets
             | it as a witness making a factual statement, leading to the
             | rhetorical question "were you lying when you said A, or
             | else when you said not-A?"
             | 
             | For legal arguments, it's more like "we contend that you
             | can't prove A, and even if you can, you can't also prove B,
             | and both A and B must be proven for legal liability." Which
             | most people can understand isn't inconsistent at all.
             | That's why the legal & ethical guidelines spell it out.
        
             | AnthonyMouse wrote:
             | What this comes from is that sometimes you claim something
             | that you can't prove.
             | 
             | Suppose you got rid of your dog a month ago. If that's true
             | then the non-existent dog certainly didn't bite anyone. But
             | you still have dog food and leashes and there is a dog
             | registered to you, so that may be tough for you to prove.
             | Even if it's true.
             | 
             | But now suppose you can establish that there was a fresh
             | pie on the doorstep when the plaintiff claims to have been
             | there getting bit by your dog. If there was a dog loose in
             | your yard at the time, the dog would have eaten the pie.
             | Since that didn't happen, if you had a dog then it must
             | have been tied up. It's also perfectly consistent with you
             | not having a dog, but it doesn't help you prove that
             | because it's equally consistent with you having a dog that
             | was tied up.
             | 
             | The reason this makes people uncomfortable is that the
             | system is supposed to work, but you can easily imagine a
             | case where you in fact don't have a dog but there was also
             | no pie, so the only way for you to win is to establish the
             | thing the jury disbelieved. People don't want to have to
             | conclude that the system would arrive at the wrong outcome
             | in that case, therefore how dare you claim you don't have a
             | dog when there is some evidence that you do.
        
       | shalalalaw wrote:
       | We're a very tech forward law firm, and we're bullish on AI. The
       | issue is that lawyers are traditionally tech illiterate, and they
       | treat Gen AI like a search engine that puts results in narrative
       | form. Realistically, I think AI generated motions and contracts
       | are the future, and this instance will be looked at by every tech
       | averse lawyer to try and stymie progress in the field. These
       | lawyers deserve their sanctions for being so reckless with things
       | they don't understand, but rather than take away that lawyers
       | need to learn tech, lawyers will say tech is bad. I almost wish
       | this was non-news so it wouldn't further push the legal industry
       | into the past, but those clients were wronged and I guess people
       | need to know what to beware of when hiring a lawyer.
       | 
       | Personally, we get really good results from using AI, it's
       | already present in all of our processes, but we tell it what to
       | generate, rather than rely on it to know better.
        
         | ouid wrote:
         | >ai generated contracts are the future.
         | 
         | Man, why do you guys get paid so much? Contracts need semantic
         | correctness, ie the verification of the logical consequences of
         | _natural language_. This is an AGI _determining_ problem. At
         | the point this exists, humans are basically obsolete as
         | workers, and you don 't have to worry about your law firm
         | keeping up anymore.
        
         | Zafira wrote:
         | > [L]awyers are traditionally tech illiterate
         | 
         | This is the main reason I think disbarment as the punishment in
         | this specific instance may not be fair. There are people who
         | are unaware of the limitations of these systems and the risk of
         | these confabulations occurring.
         | 
         | While I don't think disbarment is inappropriate, I would rather
         | see the New York State Bar use this to require some better
         | understanding of these emergent technologies or even better
         | have all the State Bars start discussing some standardized
         | training about this because it's easy to see a person trying to
         | treat this as LexisNexis.
        
           | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
           | Is disbarment about fairness? Is the primary goal of such
           | proceedings to rehabilitate and apply a sort of justice?
           | 
           | Certainly, civil and criminal courts have those as their
           | raison d'etre. But I thought licensing boards had an entirely
           | different purpose. If I surgeon was a good guy who genuinely
           | wanted to help people and who didn't engage in any sort of
           | malfeasance... but even so, he just kept slicing aortas open
           | accidentally through incompetence, the board should say "aw
           | shucks, he's had some bad luck but he really wants to heal
           | people".
           | 
           | This is the same. The court system is replete with
           | circumstances where a client does not get a second chance at
           | pursuing justice. A lawyer that fucks that up, even if doing
           | so in good faith, leaves them with zero remedies. This might
           | have been a bullshit "Slippin' Jimmy" case this time, but the
           | stakes could've easily been higher.
           | 
           | I don't think I want to live in a world where fairness plays
           | any part in the decision by the bar on this matter.
        
             | Zafira wrote:
             | Disbarment is usually considered a punishment of last
             | resort. That the failure of the attorney to carry out their
             | obligations is so absolute, that it justifies taking away
             | their right to practice law in a given state. There are
             | certainly other measures that can be done here that are of
             | a similar rebuke, just not as final. A suspension or
             | temporary disbarment is also possible.
             | 
             | We don't know the full situation here, but a personal
             | injury case against a bankrupt airline for striking someone
             | in the knee with the serving cart seems remediable?
             | 
             | Disbarment usually happens in cases where attorneys fail to
             | file timely repeatedly at the expense of their clients and
             | after multiple admonishments to stop that; utterly fail in
             | their fiduciary obligations (i.e. they were acting like an
             | escrow and then instead gambled the money away in Vegas).
        
               | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
               | > that it justifies taking away their right to practice
               | law in a given state.
               | 
               | This seems a little weird. As far as I understand it, no
               | one has a right to practice law.
               | 
               | There is a privilege that can be acquired, it one meets
               | the requirements. If you somehow got through without
               | meeting those, or if you start to fail to meet those...
               | time for a new career.
               | 
               | > We don't know the full situation here, but a personal
               | injury case against a bankrupt airline for striking
               | someone in the knee with the serving cart seems
               | remediable?
               | 
               | I don't know about this particular case, but many cases
               | and circumstances can be a "one shot at it" scenario. You
               | fuck it up, it's tossed and you can't refile. There are
               | many reasons and details, any of which might be messed up
               | by a lawyer relying on a silly chat program to draft
               | motions. One might miss an absolute deadline. It might be
               | dismissed with prejudice. Appeals might be exhausted.
               | This could even be true of the case in question.
               | 
               | In some cases, it might even be true if it was a criminal
               | trial and your defense attorney was incompetent, that you
               | don't get a chance to appeal. In California, I think,
               | those are Marsden cases (someone correct me if I'm
               | wrong). For those, you have to raise an objection during
               | the trial.
               | 
               | So, if someone found out that ChatGPT gave their lawyer
               | bad advice the day after their conviction... well, oops.
               | No appeal for you.
               | 
               | I'll say it again. I do not want to live in a world where
               | law license proceedings are decided on a "what's fair to
               | the bad lawyer" basis. No one has a right to be a lawyer,
               | if you're bad at it there are plenty of other occupations
               | you might make a living with where incompetence doesn't
               | threaten so many lives and livelihoods.
        
           | ryandrake wrote:
           | If your doctor asked ChatGPT to tell him how to remove your
           | appendix, followed the directions, and subsequently removed a
           | kidney instead, would you want him to lose his medical
           | license?
        
             | Negitivefrags wrote:
             | For sure, but the difference there is that someone was
             | actually severely wronged. The worst that happened here was
             | some people had time wasted.
             | 
             | I think a punishment where the lawyer had to pay for all
             | the time he wasted for the judges and various legal clerks
             | (and his client) would be sufficient personally.
             | 
             | He is unlikely to make the same kind of mistake again I
             | would think.
        
               | cratermoon wrote:
               | > The worst that happened here was some people had time
               | wasted.
               | 
               | At least one party to the suit, if not both, are going to
               | end up spending extra money. Plus it wasted public
               | resources - the time of the judge and court staff, and
               | their salaries, and more - and cost taxpayer money. Your
               | remedy of having the lawyer pay might bankrupt him, and
               | it doesn't really make whole the other party. In cases
               | where one party has limited financial resources or
               | perhaps is close to death (thing capital punishment, or
               | malpractice), this isn't just waste. Someone _could_ be
               | severely wronged.
        
         | nocoiner wrote:
         | Out of curiosity, why do you think AI generated contracts are
         | the future? Do you draw a distinction between contracts
         | generated by AI and, say, contracts "generated" by first-year
         | associates (i.e., using precedent to generate a first draft
         | appropriate for the deal that's then iterated by more
         | experienced lawyers)?
         | 
         | Also, how is this incident going to push the legal industry
         | further into the past? Do you think lawyers are going to, like,
         | stop using email because of this?
        
         | codeflo wrote:
         | It's not just lawyers who think that ChatGPT is a search
         | engine. I've observed this many times in my vicinity, people
         | from all walks of life think that Star Trek is here and
         | computers now respond accurately to natural language queries.
         | For non-techies, "just asking the computer" is so much more
         | convenient than translating your question into traditional
         | search queries.
         | 
         | So I guarantee you that stuff like this is happening daily
         | across all industries. Depending on the profession, people will
         | lose money or get hurt as a result of someone blindly trusting
         | this technology. I can't prove it, but statistically, that's
         | basically a certainty.
         | 
         | In my opinion, you can't overstate the importance of articles
         | like this, which point out the limitations and highlight the
         | dangers. I'm also against banning. But lay people need to be
         | informed what ChatGPT is and is not, and OpenAI won't do it
         | because they want to ride the hype train.
        
           | gpm wrote:
           | In local-to-me politics we have a report on changing the
           | admissions process for specialty programs in the public
           | school system - which had a bunch of fake citations and
           | people suspect was written with the "aid" of ChatGPT.
           | 
           | https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2023/05/26/tdsb-fires-
           | resea...
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | cratermoon wrote:
           | Computer, what's the formula for transparent aluminum?
           | Seriously, I got ChatGPT to spit out a scientific-seeming
           | paper on the formula and manufacturing process for
           | transparent aluminum. It did note that there's a real thing,
           | aluminum oxynitride, which is the closest thing we have to
           | the Star Trek material. It even wrote the following abstract,
           | based on my prompt:
           | 
           | > This scientific description provides an overview of the
           | formula and manufacturing process of transparent aluminum, a
           | material used in applications where both structural strength
           | and transparency are required. Transparent aluminum finds
           | extensive use in diverse fields, including public aquaria,
           | where it allows for the display of large marine organisms.
           | The description outlines the chemical composition, key
           | properties, and the manufacturing steps involved in creating
           | transparent aluminum.
           | 
           | Whether or not the six-step manufacturing process it came up
           | with is correct or not, I haven't the expertise to say.
        
           | Xenoamorphous wrote:
           | > It's not just lawyers who think that ChatGPT is a search
           | engine.
           | 
           | Let's not forget that Google often puts incorrect information
           | in their snippets/factboxes or whatever they call them.
        
         | Der_Einzige wrote:
         | ... retrieval augmented search is here today and is available
         | in ChatGPT with plugins or integrations with vectorDB systems.
         | A lot of AI systems are "search engines that give you narrative
         | outputs"
        
         | drumhead wrote:
         | You sound like an AI generated post.
        
       | SanderNL wrote:
       | Lawyer uses completely new tech without so much as glancing over
       | its properties and failure modes, also known as being completely
       | incompetent.
       | 
       | Breaking news: the results are not fantastic.
        
       | isp wrote:
       | I've been following this from legal circles
       | 
       | Original court documents:
       | https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/63107798/mata-v-avianca...
       | 
       | The lawyer didn't only cite "bogus" cases, but when challenged
       | attached entire "bogus" case contents hallucinated by ChatGPT
       | (attachments to #29 on link above)
       | 
       | In the second #32 affidavit, there are screenshots of ChatGPT
       | itself!
       | https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.57...
       | 
       | A legendary example for the legal risks of hallucination in LLMs
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallucination_(artificial_inte...
        
         | asmithmd1 wrote:
         | Thanks for the great context. The lawyer should be disbarred.
         | He doubled down when he was caught, and then blamed chatGPT.
         | What do you bet he was trying to settle _really_ quickly to
         | make this all go away.
         | 
         | Here is the direct link to the chatGPT hallucination the lawyer
         | filed in response to the judge's order to produce the actual
         | text of the case:
         | https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/63107798/29/1/mata-v-av...
        
           | BaseballPhysics wrote:
           | Did he "double down" or did he genuinely not understand that
           | ChatGPT was making stuff up the whole time?
        
             | microtherion wrote:
             | The original bogus citations may be excusable as a genuine
             | misunderstanding of ChatGPT, i.e. he falsely thought he had
             | a research assistant feeding him accurate quotes.
             | 
             | But there is simply no good faith excuse for filing the
             | transcripts of the cases without as much as skimming them,
             | once doubts had been raised. I'm not a lawyer, but even a
             | cursory look at the Varghese case transcript shows that
             | it's gibberish: The name of the plaintiff changing
             | inexplicably, the plaintiff filing bankruptcy (of two
             | different kinds) as a tactical move, etc. Another
             | transcript purports to be about a passenger suing an
             | airline over being denied an exit row seat. As soon as you
             | start reading the "transcripts", you see that something is
             | seriously off about them, compared to the two real (but
             | irrelevant) cases cited.
        
             | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
             | I think the big question is... what was this guy doing 2
             | years ago? Was his stuff real work, or was he finding a
             | less sophisticated way of phoning it in?
             | 
             | It seems improbable that someone who did all the hard work
             | and knew how to do it would suddenly stop doing that. Such
             | work ethics tend to be habit-forming, or so I had thought.
        
             | mnd999 wrote:
             | Doesn't matter. He is responsible for what he files.
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | It matters in terms of remediation: incompetence implies
               | that lawyers require better technical education on LLMs,
               | while malice implies that the lawyer has violated an
               | already established rule or law.
               | 
               | Lawyers undergo continuing legal education throughout
               | their careers; in many (most?) jurisdictions, it's
               | mandatory. "LLMs are not legal search engines" as a CLE
               | topic in the next decade would not surprise me remotely.
        
               | adriancr wrote:
               | Either way it's inexcusable, they should be disbarred if
               | they are this incompetent.
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | Understand, some lawyers finished last in class. Cramming
               | for a bar exam != intelligence.
               | 
               | Don't let one dumbass, be a example of how all lawyers
               | are.
        
               | giardini wrote:
               | Yes but be merciful to an unfortunate fool who believed
               | in technology! ChatGPT proved, like the Ouija board, to
               | be the very voice of Satan himself for this lawyer.
               | Bwahahahaaaaaah!8-)
        
             | asmithmd1 wrote:
             | Of course I do not know, but he should have come clean.
             | "Hey, I can't find this case in WestLaw, but chatGPT found
             | it and produced it". Instead he just submitted it as-is
             | right out of chatGPT. Alarm bells had to be going off in
             | his mind that a federal court decision in a lawsuit was
             | less than 5 pages
        
               | Vespasian wrote:
               | Forward thinking for him to try out ChatGPT for his work.
               | Nothing wrong with experimenting with a potential helpful
               | tool.
               | 
               | But just as I review and correct code snippets it
               | produces, he should have verified the results because
               | nothing indicated to him that they are any good (besides
               | the fact that they were well written).
               | 
               | I'm pretty sure plenty of other lawyers are experimenting
               | with ways to use ChatGPT without being quite as naive.
               | 
               | This is 100% on this guys uncritical thinking.
        
             | dirkt wrote:
             | There are plenty of people on the internet (including here)
             | who think ChatGPT is a "smart expert" and who don't
             | understand that ChatGPT can easily make up stuff that looks
             | very convincing at first glance.
             | 
             | And if you challenge them, they also double down and say
             | "ChatGPT is the future" etc.
             | 
             | So the lawyer is not alone...
        
               | intelVISA wrote:
               | So you're telling me GPT lied when it disproved Church-
               | Turing using only 3 lines of Coq?
               | 
               | What purpose is a machine that cannot be trusted? If I
               | wanted that I'd use the cloud...
        
           | isp wrote:
           | The above link wasn't the only hallucination(!)
           | 
           | The lawyer kept digging the hole deeper and deeper, and (as a
           | non-expert) I agree that it seems that the lawyer is at
           | serious risk of being disbarred.
           | 
           | Interesting documents are from #24 onwards:
           | 
           | - #24 (https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.n
           | ysd.57...): "unable to locate most of the case law cited in
           | Plaintiff's Affirmation in Opposition, and the few cases
           | which the undersigned has been able to locate do not stand
           | for the propositions for which they are cited"
           | 
           | - #25 (https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.n
           | ysd.57...) & #27 (https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov
           | .uscourts.nysd.57...): order to affix copies of cited cases
           | 
           | - #29: attached the cases - later revealed to be a mixture of
           | made up (bogus) for some, vs irrelevant for others
           | 
           | - #30 (https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.n
           | ysd.57...): "the authenticity of many of these cases is
           | questionable" - polite legal speak for bogus. And "these
           | cases do exist but submits that they address issues entirely
           | unrelated to the principles for which Plaintiff cited them" -
           | irrelevant. And a cutting aside that "(The Ehrlich and In re
           | Air Crash Disaster cases are the only ones submitted in a
           | conventional format.)" - drawing attention to the smoking gun
           | for the bogus cases
           | 
           | - #31 (https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.n
           | ysd.57...): an unhappy federal judge: "The Court is presented
           | with an unprecedented circumstance. A submission filed by
           | plaintiff's counsel in opposition to a motion to dismiss is
           | replete with citations to non-existent cases. ... Six of the
           | submitted cases appear to be bogus judicial decisions with
           | bogus quotes and bogus internal citations" ---- this PDF is
           | worth reading in full, it is only 3 pages & excoriating
           | 
           | - #32 affidavits, including the ChatGPT screenshot
           | 
           | - #33 (https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.n
           | ysd.57...): an even more unhappy judge: invitation for the
           | lawyer & law firm to explain why they "ought not be
           | sanctioned"
        
             | asmithmd1 wrote:
             | A dry quote from the defendant in #24 above:
             | 
             | "Putting aside that there is no page 598 in Kaiser
             | Steel..."
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | _-____-_ wrote:
         | That the screenshots are from the mobile website for some
         | reason makes this look even worse.
        
           | spondylosaurus wrote:
           | It does. It's like this lawyer is charging you his hourly
           | rate just to prompt ChatGPT while he's on the toilet.
        
         | BSEdlMMldESB wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
         | bandyaboot wrote:
         | I'm quite amused that ChatGPT hallucinated a frivolous lawsuit
         | brought by someone who was denied an exit row seat.
        
       | m348e912 wrote:
       | This problem will be solved with LawGPT which will be a
       | generative pre-trained transformer trained on a vast array of
       | legal cases, rulings, and briefings and designed with accuracy in
       | mind and free from hallucinations.
       | 
       | It will cost $3,400/month for a legal firm the size of Levidow,
       | Levidow & Oberman, P.C.
        
         | blibble wrote:
         | and it'll still generate bullshit
         | 
         | the technology is not capable of knowing when it is wrong
        
         | karaterobot wrote:
         | It's not always clear to me why people downvote things on HN,
         | but a lot of the time I find it's because they misunderstood
         | them.
        
         | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
         | Still waiting for SaulGoodmanGPT
        
           | fhd2 wrote:
           | Would probably lead to an uptick in tourism for Belize.
        
           | hammock wrote:
           | Write an amicus brief for a Supreme Court case in the style
           | of Saul Goodman
           | 
           | UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT
           | 
           | Saul Goodman's Legal Advocacy Clinic 123 Shady Lane
           | Albuquerque, NM 87102 Phone: (555) 123-4567 Email:
           | saulgoodman@lawyerextraordinaire.com
           | 
           | May 27, 2023
           | 
           | JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT
           | 
           | Re: Amicus Curiae Brief - Case No. 12345
           | 
           | Dear Honorable Justices,
           | 
           | I, Saul Goodman, attorney-at-law and mastermind of legal
           | brilliance, on behalf of the humble but feisty David
           | Rosencrantz, submit this amicus curiae brief to the esteemed
           | Supreme Court. This Court, known for its unflinching pursuit
           | of justice, now has the opportunity to rectify a grave
           | miscarriage of justice perpetrated by the lower courts.
           | 
           | SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT
           | 
           | The case before this honorable Court presents a classic tale
           | of a downtrodden individual, David Rosencrantz, pitted
           | against the formidable Goliath that is the United States
           | government. Rosencrantz, a simple taxi driver trying to earn
           | an honest buck in this dog-eat-dog world, has been unjustly
           | accused of tax evasion. However, this Amicus respectfully
           | submits that the government's case is nothing but smoke and
           | mirrors, an elaborate scheme to crush the dreams of an
           | honest, hardworking citizen.
           | 
           | ARGUMENT
           | 
           | I. Violation of Due Process
           | 
           | The lower courts, in their zealous pursuit of victory,
           | trampled upon the sacred principles of due process. Mr.
           | Rosencrantz was denied his fundamental right to a fair trial
           | when the government's star witness, a notorious jailbird with
           | a penchant for singing, was allowed to testify without any
           | corroborating evidence. The government's reliance on the word
           | of a jailhouse informant, who likely had ulterior motives, is
           | an affront to the Constitution.
           | 
           | II. Reasonable Doubt
           | 
           | Ladies and gentlemen of the Court, this case is riddled with
           | reasonable doubt like a cheap suit in a thrift store. The
           | government's case rests on flimsy evidence and a convoluted
           | web of speculation. The alleged tax discrepancies are based
           | on questionable calculations and fuzzy math, all while
           | conveniently ignoring legitimate deductions and expenses
           | rightfully claimed by Mr. Rosencrantz. Reasonable doubt casts
           | its long shadow on this entire proceeding, and it is the duty
           | of this Court to bring it into the light.
           | 
           | III. Selective Prosecution
           | 
           | This Court has never turned a blind eye to injustice, and I
           | implore you to scrutinize the government's motives. Mr.
           | Rosencrantz, an unassuming member of society, has become the
           | target of selective prosecution. Why, might you ask? It's
           | because he dared to stand up against the establishment,
           | questioning the powers that be. This case is not about taxes;
           | it is about silencing dissent and punishing those who refuse
           | to play by their rigged rules.
           | 
           | CONCLUSION
           | 
           | In conclusion, the government's case against David
           | Rosencrantz reeks of a witch hunt, an attempt to crush the
           | spirit of an ordinary citizen who dares to question
           | authority. The violation of due process, the presence of
           | reasonable doubt, and the specter of selective prosecution
           | are grave injustices that cannot be ignored. This Court,
           | armed with the sword of justice, must rise above the fog of
           | deceit and deliver a resounding verdict in favor of Mr.
           | Rosencrantz.
           | 
           | For these reasons, I, Saul Goodman, implore this Court to
           | right the wrongs committed by the lower courts and restore
           | faith in the sanctity of our legal system.
           | 
           | Respectfully submitted,
           | 
           | Saul Goodman, Esq. Attorney for Amicus Curiae Saul Goodman's
           | Legal Advocacy Clinic
        
           | nostrademons wrote:
           | Same thing, but paid in Monero.
        
           | seanhunter wrote:
           | You don't want a criminal law AI... you want a _criminal_ law
           | AI.
        
         | jesusofnazarath wrote:
         | [dead]
        
       | simonw wrote:
       | I tried pulling together a full timeline from the various
       | documents, it's a fascinating story:
       | https://simonwillison.net/2023/May/27/lawyer-chatgpt/
        
       | dpifke wrote:
       | Previous discussion:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36092509
        
       | dpflan wrote:
       | Events like this are needed to show to society the flaws of the
       | technology and possible misuse. They can then lead to regulations
       | or guidelines, or even lawsuits that can further define how and
       | when this technology can be used.
        
       | jhncls wrote:
       | Even if the lawyer would have carefully checked and corrected
       | ChatGPT's answers, isn't he going against his professional duty
       | by submitting private information to a website that doesn't
       | ensure confidentiality?
        
       | babelfish wrote:
       | Don't use GPT for fact finding. Use it for synthesis when you
       | already have the facts.
        
         | asmor wrote:
         | Or use it for fact _discovery_ if you 're not well-versed in a
         | field. But always check if it hallucinated reasonable sounding
         | gibberish.
        
           | ttul wrote:
           | Or use it to retrieve alleged facts from its own output, pass
           | those alleged facts to another tool (like a legal search
           | engine) for verification, and then get GPT to edit its output
           | accordingly...
        
           | whatever1 wrote:
           | The thing is that if you are not an expert in the field you
           | cannot tell gibberish from legit facts. Especially if the
           | writing style and grammar are top-notch.
           | 
           | I know it is a bad bias, but we typically associate good and
           | clear writing with legitimacy. Here we have chat GPT, that
           | can do exactly that, but spit out complete bs.
        
             | hosh wrote:
             | One thing I like about phind.com is that it ties the
             | specific assertions to the specific web page it made it
             | from. That allows me to check into the sources.
             | 
             | However, like all generative AI, it's good at forming
             | narratives, and not many people are aware how powerfully
             | influential narrative frames are because people rarely step
             | back to examine the frame itself.
        
               | ayewo wrote:
               | Yep. People rarely step back to examine how a narrative
               | was framed. It is a cognitive bias [1] built into our
               | brains.
               | 
               | It takes a lot of mental effort to spot, which is why we
               | don't do it often.
               | 
               | 1:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framing_effect_(psychology)
        
               | raincole wrote:
               | If you pay for ChatGPT Pro you can ask it to link to real
               | (not hallucinated) web pages from Bing's index.
               | 
               | I'm not promoting it. Just in case you're not aware of
               | this feature.
        
         | rhino369 wrote:
         | How do you do that? Is there a tutorial?
        
           | babelfish wrote:
           | Three years of law school?
        
         | croes wrote:
         | Don't take something as fact without at least checking sources.
         | 
         | Couldn't be too hard for court decisions.
        
           | Vespasian wrote:
           | Yes he is guaranteed to have access to some case library
           | software.
           | 
           | Why he didn't verify the existence of these cases spit out by
           | a tool he used for the first time is beyond me. It would have
           | taken him a few minutes at most to discover the fake ones and
           | skimming the bogus references (assuming some legal
           | competence)
        
       | naet wrote:
       | In a thread on Reddit I saw some people who were using ChatGPT as
       | their personal lawyer around some tech issues, and the community
       | seemed to have absolute confidence it was providing good advice.
       | I tried to comment that I wouldn't trust GPT as a legal reference
       | and got downvoted into the deep negatives.
       | 
       | I'm guessing we will see a lot more of these type of issues.
       | ChatGPT is sometimes useful but sometimes full of misinformation
       | and many people don't seem to be wary enough of the potential for
       | error.
        
         | misnome wrote:
         | Unpossible! I'm a 20x coder who spends hours a day writing
         | regex, tried asking it a high-school level coding question, and
         | it answered perfectly. I'm 100% sure that its just as accurate
         | everywhere else.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | wseqyrku wrote:
       | They should've used GPT-4.
        
         | wseqyrku wrote:
         | (The article does not say anything about this but I'd guess if
         | they are as clueless as they claim to be by calling it "a
         | source that has revealed itself to be unreliable", they might
         | as well be using the free version without the knowledge of the
         | latest version.)
        
           | codeflo wrote:
           | It's uncanny how precisely you've put your finger on what the
           | actual issue is here.
        
       | entwife wrote:
       | I'm only peripherally involved in the law field, and I am aware
       | that ChatGPT and similar do not consistently provide correct
       | legal citations. It also gets things wrong some of the time; the
       | only way to tell is to be an expert or to look up the facts
       | yourself. Don't use ChatGPT for legal writing, nor for anything
       | else that requires accuracy.
        
         | mountainb wrote:
         | When it's correct, it can be a good search aid. But for a lot
         | of things, it is just incorrect with high levels of confidence.
         | 
         | You can also ask it Bluebook questions and it will often get
         | the right answer. At other times, it will get the right answer
         | but cite to the wrong rule (not that it matters that much).
         | 
         | Another issue is that it can cite to the correct case, but
         | misunderstand what it is citing to. You can be really specific
         | and ask something like "what is the x-factor test from Doe v.
         | Doe" and it will get three factors correct and invent the other
         | two.
         | 
         | The thing with law, though, is that there are often already
         | many quick reference materials that have already been
         | extensively published that will get you the answer you are
         | looking for more quickly than you can get it through either
         | search or a chat interface. Many state bar associations make
         | available the equivalent of a "practice area in a box" full of
         | checklists, templates, and other material geared towards making
         | it possible for you to start working in that area almost
         | immediately.
         | 
         | I have had it be useful in course correcting my research in an
         | unfamiliar area of law. I was wasting a lot of time reading
         | secondary sources and cases that were not relevant to my
         | problem because I knew nothing about that area of law and my
         | search queries were just leading me in unproductive directions.
         | ChatGPT pointed me towards a more relevant case that opened up
         | the rest of my research for me using conventional tools like
         | Westlaw. It saved me a lot of time. But I did not use it at all
         | for the final work product and never used it blind without
         | looking at a source.
        
           | visarga wrote:
           | That's right, generative model outputs are worthless unless
           | checked by a human. You are using it right. For the moment I
           | don't think there is any single domain where AI can work on
           | its own, autonomy was reached in 0% of fields. That makes me
           | think the removal of the human in the loop will take a long
           | time. We are still safe, AI will be our sidekick.
           | 
           | It's crazy how AI seems to progress at incredible speed and
           | yet we don't get closer to full autonomy anywhere. It's as if
           | we discover new problems at the same speed we are solving
           | them. Just 5 years ago nobody would think hallucinations will
           | become a central issue in AI, we might discover other unknown
           | unknowns that hide in our future.
        
           | im3w1l wrote:
           | I've been thinking that it's funny how these AI tools are
           | framed as assistants, but it seems they are actually the
           | opposite. They are great at big picture stuff but sloppy when
           | it comes to details. So the more logical division of labor is
           | to make the human the assistant.
        
       | squarefoot wrote:
       | Could he sue his own lawyer now?
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-05-27 23:02 UTC)