[HN Gopher] Am I the Unethical One?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Am I the Unethical One?
        
       Author : HR01
       Score  : 105 points
       Date   : 2023-05-26 11:17 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (dailynous.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (dailynous.com)
        
       | karaterobot wrote:
       | Why even go through the process of accusing them of cheating? If
       | the fake answers were all wrong, just grade the test honestly and
       | the cheaters will get what's coming to them without any ambiguity
       | or additional overhead on his part.
       | 
       | I would just ignore any problematizers who question the ethics of
       | testing students' honesty. I think those people are silly and
       | should rightly be ignored, except to mock them. But that's
       | probably why I'm not a philosopher.
        
         | mannykannot wrote:
         | I would be tempted to do the same, and not say anything about
         | it. It would be interesting and informative to see how the
         | cheaters responded.
         | 
         | It is not something one could do every time, however, as it
         | will become known that the actual questions (though with
         | incorrect answers) could be found on the web.
        
         | balderdash wrote:
         | Because the punishment for cheating is not a poor grade but
         | severe discipline (typically suspension or expulsion), the bad
         | grade was for not learning the material in class.
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | At my previous university, this would constitute as blatant
         | plagiarism.
         | 
         | Plagiarism was punished by a "three strikes and you're out"
         | principle. If you got caught more than twice over the three
         | years bachelor course, you got kicked out and couldn't start
         | the same program for a few years. You also had to explain (or
         | defend, but rarely anyone ever got accused on false grounds)
         | your transgression to the graduation board, with the
         | possibility of worse punishment if you were particularly
         | blatant about the whole thing. Obviously, you immediately
         | failed the course you were caught on as well.
         | 
         | This system worked well. Cheating was rare and students
         | appropriately shot down team members that would suggest any
         | type of plagiarism. So, why go through the process of accusing
         | them? Because cheating deserves worse than just a bad grade, in
         | my opinion.
        
         | phs wrote:
         | As an extension, after the exam publicly declare the poison-
         | pill answers to deter the next semester's batch.
         | 
         | Would that start an arms race causing the students to work
         | harder to find the right answers? Mission accomplished.
        
         | BeetleB wrote:
         | There are two goals: Encourage learning, and discourage
         | cheating. A low grade doesn't necessarily do the former.
         | 
         | It also depends how the overall course grade is structured. In
         | my undergrad, it was common that the final exam was _not_ an
         | outsized portion of your grade. A number of courses pegged it
         | at 10% - meaning if you did really well throughout the
         | semester, you could just not study at all, get a 25% score on
         | the final (i.e. fail the final), and still get an A.
         | 
         | Aside: I loved those courses - work hard to get in a good
         | position, and chill during the finals. The professors also
         | wanted to encourage continual effort and learning, and making
         | the overall grade be heavily dependent on the final would
         | discourage that.
        
       | tptacek wrote:
       | One thing I want to say here is that "entrapment" isn't a moral
       | principle; it's a legal one, and it isn't universal. We don't get
       | it from English Common Law, where it wasn't widely known before
       | the founding of the US, and was rejected when it did come up.
       | Entrapment is a checks-and-balances balance of power mechanism,
       | not a general rule of conduct.
       | 
       | Furthermore, while we don't reach the question of whether this
       | dummy test constituted entrapment (because it doesn't matter),
       | it's also simply not entrapment under the US legal definition
       | (arguably the most important such definition). In the US, an
       | entrapment defense requires you to (1) admit that you did the bad
       | thing, (2) prove that you were somehow coerced (at least
       | psychologically) into doing that bad thing, and (3) prove that
       | you had no predisposition to doing the bad thing. You're
       | searching for exam questions and memorizing a bogus final exam.
       | You know you're cheating, you know it's wrong, and you do it
       | anyways. You're culpable.
        
         | CPLX wrote:
         | Indeed. Entrapment is such a narrow case and is designed to
         | stop the government from taking advantage of vulnerable people.
         | 
         | If you call someone who has just lost their job and is not able
         | to feed their baby and say if you do this drug deal I'll get
         | you enough to buy baby food that's entrapment, assuming they
         | weren't already involved in the drugs trade and this "crime"
         | would never have happened without the government willing it
         | into existence.
        
           | GauntletWizard wrote:
           | And to be clear on the other end (with requisite IANAL) - If
           | the undercover officer says "You holding? I got cash", it is
           | not entrapment. Simply making a request for a transaction
           | isn't entrapment, even if you're being circumspect. Even if
           | you're aggressive about it - "I know you're holding, give me
           | the drugs, man" - That's not entrapment, especially if they
           | are actually "holding". Entrapment is a narrow defense - The
           | Government forced me to do something I would not otherwise
           | have done. If someone other than the government (and it's
           | agents) coerces you, that's not entrapment (but may be a
           | defense).
        
         | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
         | Sure, it's not entrapment. It's just stupid. People looking
         | this up online aren't cheating, by definition they are
         | _studying_. That is, they want to be able to answer the
         | questions on the exam with the correct answers, and they want
         | to make the highest score possible.
         | 
         | The "previous exam online" doesn't let them cheat. It doesn't
         | beam answers into their skulls during the test from 3000 miles
         | away. They have to memorize these answers.
         | 
         | At most, the example questions tell them what they should focus
         | on. Think about it a moment. His classroom is so worthless a
         | tool that they are forced to go elsewhere to learn to pass the
         | test. By contaminating the online materials with wrong answers,
         | he is sabotaging their learning because he is butt-hurt that
         | his lectures are worthless.
         | 
         | It's not just unethical in "I'm enabling cheaters", it's
         | unethical in "I am paid to educate these people, and I am
         | sabotaging their education so I can play games to make myself
         | feel important and righteous".
         | 
         | Cheating is, and always will be, attempting to provide correct
         | answers without having learned those. Keeping a hidden crib
         | sheet, using someone else's answers from the desk in front of
         | you, having someone else take the test for you.
         | 
         | I can even explain how he became so confused that he started
         | engaging in unethical behavior. He has this half-formed idea of
         | what university education should be. In his head, it's this
         | elite institution where only the cleverest geniuses attend, and
         | instead of rote learning they are encouraged to have brilliant
         | original ideas of their own that amaze and impress the faculty.
         | 
         | If there ever was such an age, it is over. No non-lunatic
         | thinks that university can both be the goal of over half of the
         | population, and that these same people should go into debt for
         | hundreds of thousands of dollars (undischargeable-in-bankruptcy
         | debt, no less) when only 1% _might_ be capable of such
         | extraordinary feats of intellect. Even if they were capable of
         | this in theory, once you have a population of tens and hundreds
         | of millions of people going to university, all the original and
         | impressive ideas have already been conceived. There 's nothing
         | left to be original about (goes doubly so for undergraduates).
         | 
         | All that's left is rote memorization. Learn this fact, remember
         | this principle in that scenario.
         | 
         | If he only wanted to produce (or graduate) students who could
         | do the former, then maybe he is catching cheaters... their
         | actions definitely interfere with his ability to correctly
         | score those who can have original ideas and be excellent. But
         | since reasonable people insist that it is no longer possible
         | for university to be that, and that it should be about rote
         | memorization, he's not catching cheaters. He's catching those
         | who are trying to study efficiently.
         | 
         | He should be fired. He does not belong in education. The
         | liberal arts suffer from this syndrome the most, because their
         | professors aren't doing any practical work like pimping
         | themselves for grant money. With nothing better to do, he's got
         | nothing left but aggrandize his profession in his own mind and
         | catch non-existent cheaters.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | A test can only test for a sampling of the material presented
           | in class. Specifically looking up the test, and memorizing
           | the answers, does not demonstrate any mastery of the
           | material.
           | 
           | For example, if I teach a course in "How To Multiply", and on
           | the final have ten multiplication problems, if the student
           | memorizes the answers to those ten problems, he did not learn
           | to multiply.
           | 
           | The professor said some of the planted answers were obviously
           | wrong, if one knew the material at all. So no, memorizing the
           | answers simply was not a substitute for learning the
           | material.
           | 
           | I disagree with your conclusions.
        
             | prox wrote:
             | I had a similar answer to another sibling comment, looks
             | like a weird view on studying and legitimizing cheating (or
             | shortcuts if you want to be lenient)
             | 
             | You learn by getting the material, and that makes you pass
             | the test. If you know a few items of the material in a
             | checkbox kind of way, you haven't learned.
        
             | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
             | > A test can only test for a sampling of the material
             | presented in class. Specifically looking up the test, and
             | memorizing the answers, does not demonstrate any mastery
             | 
             | None were in that class because they wanted mastery. They
             | were in that class because if it wasn't a requirement for
             | graduation, no one would take it.
             | 
             | To demand mastery of worthless material so that the
             | university can charge them another $5000 in credits, fees,
             | and overpriced-by-the-academic-publishing-cartel books is
             | not asinine, it's criminal.
             | 
             | > For example, if I teach a course in "How To Multiply",
             | and on the final have ten multiplication problems, if the
             | student memorizes the answers to those ten problems, he did
             | not learn to multiply.
             | 
             | If that happens, it means you are a lazy fraudulent
             | teacher. You insist that they learn more than what is on
             | your exam, but you continue to use the same exam because
             | you have no work ethic. Perhaps instead of multiplication
             | you should go teach ethics in the philosophy department,
             | where that sort of thing is considered high performance.
             | 
             | > The professor said some of the planted answers were
             | obviously wrong, if one knew the material at all.
             | 
             | I think that "obvious" means something completely different
             | than "if you master a university-level field of study, you
             | will then know that it is wrong".
             | 
             | Such a thing is, by definition, the very opposite of
             | obvious. I don't know how to explain that to you so that
             | you can understand. Your words make very little sense, it's
             | as if you said "the snow was burning hot" or "that blue
             | thing over there is red".
             | 
             | > I disagree with your conclusions.
             | 
             | This would be disappointing, but given that I'm no longer
             | certain of what you even mean by "disagree" or
             | "conclusions", it might be impolite of me to take that as
             | something other than a compliment.
        
               | balderdash wrote:
               | You realize how comical it is to rationalize cheating on
               | a test in an ethics class, because ethics is worthless!?
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | > They were in that class because if it wasn't a
               | requirement for graduation, no one would take it.
               | 
               | I've heard that one before - if you don't like the class,
               | it's ok to cheat? If you want a certification, but don't
               | want to do the work, it's ok to cheat? If you sign up to
               | get a cert, that means you sign up to meet _all_ the
               | requirements of the cert, not just the ones you feel
               | like.
               | 
               | > To demand mastery of worthless material so that the
               | university can charge them another $5000 in credits,
               | fees, and overpriced-by-the-academic-publishing-cartel
               | books is not asinine, it's criminal.
               | 
               | If it's worthless, the honorable thing is not to sign up
               | for it. Nobody made you.
               | 
               | > I don't know how to explain that to you so that you can
               | understand.
               | 
               | No need to be rude. The article made it clear - it would
               | be obvious to someone who attended the lectures and paid
               | attention.
        
             | bryanrasmussen wrote:
             | >A test can only test for a sampling of the material
             | presented in class. Specifically looking up the test, and
             | memorizing the answers, does not demonstrate any mastery of
             | the material.
             | 
             | sure, but giving some data from a previous test is in
             | various ways a hint on what to study, so the conclusion
             | that he is deliberately misleading students as to what they
             | should study does have some limited merit.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | What's so hard about just learning the material rather
               | than gaming the test?
        
           | danbruc wrote:
           | _People looking this up online aren 't cheating, by
           | definition they are studying._
           | 
           | Sure, you could look up previous exams for learning the
           | topic, but you could as well just copy the answers. Given
           | that the answers were [supposedly] obviously wrong and the
           | cheating students still used them pretty clearly indicates
           | that they were not using previous exams for studying,
           | otherwise they would have noticed that the answers are wrong
           | as they contradict what was taught in the lectures and what
           | other sources say.
           | 
           |  _All that 's left is rote memorization. Learn this fact,
           | remember this principle in that scenario._
           | 
           | There is a vast gulf between memorizing stuff and
           | understanding it. The basic goal of every education is
           | understanding existing knowledge and being able to apply it,
           | memorizing stuff is not enough and I guess you should not be
           | able to pass exams without some level of understanding. Being
           | able to go beyond the existing knowledge and having original
           | ideas is not required unless you want to go into research.
        
         | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
         | This cartoon is a great overview of the legal aspects of
         | entrapment.
         | 
         | https://thecriminallawyer.tumblr.com/post/19810672629/12-i-w...
        
           | toomanyrichies wrote:
           | That _is_ great. Thanks for sharing.
        
         | bawolff wrote:
         | I would disagree about entrapment not being a moral principle
         | (or its related to one at least). At its core it is basically
         | just saying it is wrong to convince people who wouldn't
         | otherwise be evil, to be evil.
         | 
         | However this is case is clearly not entrapment.
        
         | lwansbrough wrote:
         | Agreed. I'm no moral authority nor expert in ethics but this is
         | pretty cut and dry to me. I think the most important aspect of
         | entrapment (although all are relevant in the legal sense) is
         | the second clause: coercion.
         | 
         | Without being explicitly coerced into doing something "illegal"
         | (cheating in this case) I don't see how there could ever be a
         | case to make that this is immoral. The students are cheating of
         | their own free will. Case closed.
        
           | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
           | The coercion's implicit.
           | 
           | Ever since these students were 9 years old, everyone around
           | them including (and especially) those in public education
           | have told them that they need to go to college and get a
           | degree or they'd be destitute and living in a ghetto.
           | 
           | Then they get there and college is even more absurd than
           | public school ever was. They sit in a giant lecture hall
           | listening to these people who don't live in the real world
           | with the rest of us talk about things that do not matter (how
           | many credits were for something other than electives or your
           | major when you went?), threatening to flunk them if they
           | can't jump through pointless hoops.
           | 
           | So, they go back to the dorm after class, and do research the
           | best way they know how, and they find _relevant study
           | materials_. Did he catch them smuggling the answers into
           | class on a phone, or written in microscopic print on the
           | inside of the rims of their glasses? Were they copying
           | someone else 's tests? Did they pay a lookalike ringer to sit
           | in on the exam for them?
           | 
           | Hell no. They did what they were supposed to do. They found
           | what they thought were the correct answers, and went over
           | them enough that they could remember them during the test.
           | 
           | Why would anyone bother to go to this trouble? Because they
           | were coerced. They've been coerced since they were children.
           | He doesn't get a free pass because someone else volunteered
           | to do the coercion for him.
           | 
           | I _might_ be a little more forgiving if they were philosophy
           | majors. If that were the case, then presumably they chose
           | this field of study, and the class itself is relevant to that
           | such that they should be putting in more effort... but even
           | in that case, it is sufficient to fail them, because the low
           | scores are their only real failing. Even then they haven 't
           | cheated.
        
             | prox wrote:
             | I am sorry but you make a real tour-de-force out of how
             | they are the victim of going to a site that is meant to
             | facilitate cheating by looking up answers to exams, not
             | learning.
             | 
             | You learn by knowing the material, and if you know the
             | material, _you don't have to cheat_
             | 
             | Now you can come up with all kind circumstances that make
             | it hard on the students, as you do in your comment, but
             | that's another discussion entirely and imo outside the
             | scope.
        
               | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
               | I think it's bizarre and irrational to tell someone "you
               | must know the answers to pass this test, but you're not
               | allowed to study by looking up answers to questions you
               | might find on the test, if you do that it's cheating".
               | 
               | I don't know how anyone who is sane and reasonable could
               | ever come to such a conclusion. Perhaps you were
               | brainwashed in college.
               | 
               | If a person learns the answer to a question that ends up
               | on a final exam years later in their future, but they
               | learned the answer to that question "the wrong way", are
               | they still cheating? If my 10 year old stumbles on that
               | site, reads a question and remembers it for the next 9
               | years... should he, on the first day of class confess to
               | his professor that he learned the answer the wrong way so
               | that he can be expelled for pre-emptive cheating?
               | 
               | If he shouldn't be expelled, what if it's only 4 years in
               | the future? What if it's only 8 months?
               | 
               | Does your answer to my question actually depend on how
               | far in the future someone learns the answer by "the
               | cheating method"? Is it not about how long, but rather
               | how many answers? Like is 1 answer or 3 ok, but 40 is
               | absolutely cheating? Where is the line there?
               | 
               | Yes, they're the victim. The professor has his head
               | stuffed up his own ass so deeply he probably sees the
               | glint off the backs of his molars.
               | 
               | > You learn by knowing the material, and if you know the
               | material, you don't have to cheat
               | 
               | This is some nonsense statement spoken by an alien from
               | Zepton VII. It has no appreciable semantic content. It
               | can't, because what the professor describes in his whiny
               | rant are a bunch of students who went to a website that
               | had the material, and they learned it well enough to put
               | that material into their answers on the exam. If they had
               | not done so, then he wouldn't have been able to "catch"
               | them.
               | 
               | Now, you might argue that they put down wrong answers.
               | And this is true. That happened because he deliberately
               | contaminated the study materials with wrong answers. Who
               | can blame students who learn the wrong facts when the
               | professor himself is deliberately teaching them the wrong
               | facts as a gotcha?
               | 
               | This is beyond absurd.
               | 
               | If he wanted to encourage them to learn all the answers
               | to all the questions (and not just those questions likely
               | to be on a test), he could... just for instance... not do
               | multiple choice. Or make sure he always has unique
               | questions on his exams, every year (well, assuming there
               | are ever more than 40 questions in a liberal arts class,
               | imagine paying $1600/credit-hour for 4 months that only
               | has 40 noteworthy questions).
               | 
               | He didn't do that because he's lazy. He doesn't want to
               | grade essay questions, and he doesn't want to spend time
               | actually writing a new exam every year. You know, the
               | stuff the university is (theoretically) paying him to do.
               | 
               | If you don't understand anything in my comment, that's
               | ok. I understand everything in yours, including most of
               | the likely reasons that you can't understand anything in
               | mine.
        
               | EdwardDiego wrote:
               | Show us on the doll where the bad academia hurt you.
               | 
               | > If you don't understand anything in my comment, that's
               | ok. I understand everything in yours, including most of
               | the likely reasons that you can't understand anything in
               | mine.
               | 
               | Ironic that you consider the teacher to have his head up
               | his ass, then write something as obnoxious and
               | condescending as this.
        
             | Zak wrote:
             | I'm sympathetic to the idea that society treating people
             | with university degrees better than those without is
             | harmful in a sociological sense and likely to increase
             | cheating in universities. I'm less sympathetic to
             | individual students actually cheating in the manner
             | described.
             | 
             | The article says the test was take home, meaning in a
             | practical sense, they could access any resources they
             | wanted while taking the test. They did not need to memorize
             | material as your comment suggests, and would have had the
             | opportunity to copy answers.
             | 
             | > _Were they copying someone else 's tests?_
             | 
             | Yes. They were copying what they thought were a previous
             | student's answers to the same test.
        
             | tedunangst wrote:
             | Entrapment and RICO!
        
       | hartator wrote:
       | > I decided to 'poison the well' by uploading [to Quizlet] a copy
       | of my final with wrong answers. (The final is 70-80 questions,
       | all multiple choice, 5 options each.) Most of these answers were
       | not just wrong, but obviously wrong to anyone who had paid
       | attention in class. My thinking was that anyone who gave a
       | sufficient number of those same answers would be exposing
       | themselves, not only as someone who cheated by looking up the
       | final online, but who didn't even pay enough attention in class
       | to notice how wrong the answers were.
       | 
       | I think that's reasonable. I would even consider expelling
       | students who did this; specially in college, specially in an
       | ethics course.
        
       | PopGreene wrote:
       | I had a prof that did something like this. It was back in the
       | 80s, so no internet. Instead, because it was a large class, he
       | had to give the mid-terms to different parts of the class. He
       | would make all the tests look similar, but with small
       | differences. If the right wrong answers turned up, he would fail
       | the student. (I hope that makes sense.)
       | 
       | At the end of the semester, he explained what was going on. The
       | course was required for the degree (EE), you had to have a C or
       | above to pass, and it was a bear. He said right out, the course
       | was designed to cull the heard.
       | 
       | A few students were outraged. I'm not surprised by the reaction
       | Merriam got. Speaking for myself, I was indifferent to what he
       | had done, though I didn't speak up. I think he should ask the
       | students that he determined hadn't cheated what they think.
        
         | robochat wrote:
         | This feels harsh because if the tests were similar but with
         | small differences then getting the right wrong answers seems
         | likely to happen anyway. Also, he went the extra step and
         | outright failed the student but I'm not sure why that extra
         | step was justified, surely the cheaters were automatically
         | going to get very poor marks.
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | >> He said right out, the course was designed to cull the
         | heard.
         | 
         | That seems unethical too. Students are paying to learn
         | material. Professors are ostensibly there to teach it. Making
         | it extra hard seems to go against that.
        
       | catapart wrote:
       | Are you trying to teach kids to not cheat? Or are you trying to
       | teach them how to conceptualize, illustrate (if not demonstrate),
       | and structure ethics such that they can make critical and
       | thoughtful deductions or contributions to the field?
       | 
       | Because, if it's the former: great job, Ranger Rick. You
       | definitely used a method that will root out cheaters and give
       | them some (small/limited) incentive not to cheat anymore.
       | 
       | But, if it's the latter, you've failed your students in every
       | respect. It's not even a clean example of the ethics of cheating,
       | because you've tipped the scales in ways that affect multiple
       | variables, instead of just one.
       | 
       | Neither of which is ethical or unethical in the vacuums of
       | consideration that any subject remains neutral in. But if the
       | context is that it's a philosophy class, I would expect the
       | teacher teach me philosophical ethics and let the chaff fall
       | where it may, rather than try to "prove" some nebulous idea of
       | what it means to "know" something, and why one method of being
       | able to 'prove' it is inferior to some other method. Put simply:
       | I'm in this class to learn. If you're giving me the information
       | and then I pass the test, that's your entire responsibility.
       | Whatever third parties are doing - so long as it's not infringing
       | on you - is not relevant. Not to your class and my grades. Sorry
       | you're one of THOSE teachers, but learning isn't a test. It's a
       | lifelong pursuit and you can't force people to pursue what
       | they're A) not interested in or B) deft enough to use digital
       | memory for.
        
         | elliotto wrote:
         | Thank you for this comment. It's fascinating how everyone else
         | in this thread seems to view education as a tool purely to
         | acquire qualifications rather than for actually learning
         | anything. I wonder if this is a US thing that has come about as
         | the result of education becoming a financial instrument.
        
           | catapart wrote:
           | I honestly think it's more of a reactionary thing. Cheating
           | is bad. That's a pretty uncontroversial statement. Whatever
           | the criteria for "cheating", if we're all agreeing that you
           | did it, that's bad and deserves 'correction'.
           | 
           | Once you're there, there's not a lot of reason to go further.
           | "Did he cheat? Yes? Then he bad." Easy peasy, next topic of
           | consideration. Why spend more time on something that has a
           | simple answer?
           | 
           | In this scenario, the students did what would have
           | unequivocally been a "cheat", in generations past. They
           | looked up answers and used them to prove knowledge. That's
           | what every person who ever failed a math test for cheating
           | did.
           | 
           | So, again, even going deeper, this is cheating, plain and
           | simple. No need to wade in any further, when you've already
           | given the benefit of the doubt.
           | 
           | Of course, this not being math, and technology replacing the
           | need for such conventions in math are both important
           | considerations that change the context. But, you have to give
           | it now a third thought before you even get to this point, and
           | of course, here's where things are quite subjective. I bet
           | people would still pretend that knowing math is important for
           | whatever corner of life they inhabit ("I work construction
           | and geometry makes you a pro", "gotta be able to calculate
           | tips", "you'll get killed on contracts with tricky rates").
           | Most would also quickly concede that if they were just taught
           | how to get to interfaces (apps/websites/etc) that solve those
           | problems, that would be effective as well (even if they
           | couldn't help adding "but knowing is
           | faster/better/convenient/etc"). And so, not only are we
           | dealing with subjectivity and historical bias, but now also a
           | confirmation bias. And all of that is on top of the authority
           | bias that a lot of people START with ("the authority said
           | don't do it; the students did it; they should fail."
           | 
           | So, personally, I don't chalk up to
           | indoctrination/conspiracy/malice anything that can be assumed
           | to be myopia/selfishness/fear/distrust/etc. Humans are
           | capable of the formers, but far more susceptible to the
           | latters. That said, I'm never going to defend the US
           | educational system, so I'm not disagree with you.
        
           | gizmo wrote:
           | Cheating is extremely common, so much so that students cheat
           | during an _ethics exam_. People overwhelmingly find
           | justifications for their actions, and cheaters are no
           | exception.
           | 
           | From the comments in this thread you can draw the obvious
           | conclusion: many people here justify cheating because they
           | are cheaters themselves and they don't want to acknowledge
           | cheating is shameful.
        
         | low_tech_love wrote:
         | With all due respect, this is nonsense. This is a teacher and a
         | human being that exists and works within a system. You seem to
         | be one of those people who thinks that teachers are some kind
         | of supernatural, super-powerful heroes of humanity who have the
         | responsibility on their backs to be larger than life. This guy
         | has to apply exams; it's not something he wants, it's what he
         | needs to do in the system. And he has to grade 96 of them. And
         | he is a human being. Do you know what it would take to assess
         | 96 students in the way you are describing?
         | 
         | Plus, cheating or not cheating is an _ethical_ matter, not a
         | pedagogical one. He is not trying to teach anyone not to cheat.
         | The expectation of not cheating comes as a pre-requisite of any
         | formal education. He has the social duty to capture cheaters
         | because if not he is failing the society and system who have
         | given him the responsibility to not only educate, but to
         | certify someone 's skills. If the cheaters get out there with a
         | diploma in their hands, certified by him (and his institution),
         | he has failed those who believe in that diploma's validity.
         | 
         | Everything you said about learning being a lifelong pursuit
         | that can't be forced, etc. are personal pursuits which are
         | independent and orthogonal to this teacher's formal
         | responsibilities in the educational system.
        
           | overgard wrote:
           | I think it amusing and I don't have a problem with what he
           | did, but I guess I don't really understand why teachers get
           | so fired up about the subject in the first place. If people
           | are in the class to fill out a general education requirement
           | or something and otherwise don't care about the topic or will
           | never use it again, why get so vigilant about it? And the
           | students that do want to continue in philosophy would just be
           | punishing themselves by cheating.
        
         | 6D794163636F756 wrote:
         | I think you have to verify that cheating did not occur in order
         | to verify if they have learned the ethics espoused by the
         | course. Tests function to prevent those who have not understood
         | the course material from claiming they have. In that situation
         | verification of truthfulness is required before you can verify
         | their skills
        
           | catapart wrote:
           | That assumes that a student is incapable of understanding the
           | ethics without being able to practice the ethics. I think you
           | would have a high bar in proving that to be the case. A lot
           | of people do shit they, personally, find unethical, so long
           | as they can square it with their own contexts of exceptions.
           | 
           | The provided test tries to have it both ways, but that's
           | invalid. If they are supposed to be learning the answers to
           | the questions on the test, they can prove that even if they
           | looked those answers up. But if the test is to not look up
           | answers and then they get a score reflecting their ethics,
           | then the class is meant to make more ethical students; not to
           | have more people understand the answers to the questions on
           | the test.
           | 
           | At best, you could make the case for the ethical test being a
           | component to the class. Give it a rigorous score, just like
           | you do for any other answer on the test (pass/fail seems
           | reductive, in this scenario, but it's reductive for a lot of
           | tests answers, so whatever. bless the teachers who give
           | partial points). But verifying what a student KNOWS does not,
           | in any way, involve what ACTIONS they take.
        
             | 6D794163636F756 wrote:
             | You make a lot of good points and it's made me think that
             | there is a fundamental assumption that tests are useful. I
             | think that that is not the case. As you said this test
             | attempt to both validate knowledge and ethics and ends up
             | invalidating itself. It seems to be a flaw intrinsic to
             | this style of test.
             | 
             | I have taken some very well constructed tests. They were
             | not takehome and only one was multiple choice (it was a
             | systems class so it became sets of binary answers which
             | became more than multiple choice). I think that ensuring
             | the integrity of answers in necessary for gaging learnings
             | from a test like this but that need, as you've implied,
             | would indicate that the test is the wrong tool
        
               | catapart wrote:
               | I think you're right in that most test aren't useful for
               | what they are trying to assess. And that you can't
               | validate anything that you can't trust the integrity of.
               | 
               | But I think the takeaway is that "critical application"
               | is what constitutes a valuable test. In math, that just
               | means "can you use the procedures of mathematics
               | correctly, resulting in the correct answer?" But in, say,
               | English, memorization has very little value. A valuable
               | test would be in testing whether or not a student can
               | match events in a dramatic story to, say, modern real
               | world events and critically discuss the similarities and
               | differences. And, unfortunately, writing that out
               | clinically and expecting a student to both understand it
               | and be able to do it on command while under pressure of
               | failure is not exactly conducive to positive results. So
               | English tests really shouldn't look anything like Math
               | tests, once you get past the point of memorizing
               | definitions.
               | 
               | The same is true of all disciplines. Tests should be
               | generated (and often updated) based on what is currently
               | useful to the discipline in a real and practical sense,
               | at a fundamental level, and then on a more philosophical
               | or exploratory sense once you get into higher learning.
        
         | sanderjd wrote:
         | I think both? At least, when I was in school, I thought one of
         | the first-order lessons they were trying to teach us was to not
         | cheat, while also teaching us other things.
        
           | catapart wrote:
           | Yeah, but WHY would they want to teach you not to cheat? It's
           | not a virtue, in and of itself (cheating has to be defined
           | for each context it's in so "don't cheat" is like saying
           | "don't be bad"). They teach you not to cheat because if you
           | cheat, you won't know the answer when you need it.
           | 
           | If you're a doctor, and don't know the answer to a question
           | when you need it, you might kill someone. A lawyer has
           | problems there, too. There are great values in keeping people
           | from relying on deferred knowledge, in a great many
           | applications.
           | 
           | I just don't see how philosophical ethics - especially not a
           | mid-level course - benefits from those same
           | lessons/limitations. If a software developer isn't expected
           | to know every language pattern; only how to look up the
           | patterns they need, when they need them, then why would then
           | be disallowed from doing that on a test? A better test would
           | target different metrics than "correct answer" or "incorrect
           | answer". The same thing applies here. You can do software dev
           | without being able to pass an "internal knowledge only" test.
           | You can be productive with ethical philosophy without being
           | able to pass an "internal knowledge only" test.
           | 
           | So yes, both is the goal. What I'm getting at is that both
           | SHOULDN'T be the goal. In a lot of cases. Most, I'd hazard to
           | guess.
        
             | sanderjd wrote:
             | That's not why they teach you not to cheat. That's why they
             | teach doctors (and other kinds of students) that they need
             | to memorize some things in order to have fast recall
             | without requiring a reference.
             | 
             | But they teach you not to cheat because cheating is bad, on
             | its own terms. The purpose of education is not just to
             | teach facts, but also to teach young people how to be net-
             | positive members of society. (This is why society
             | subsidizes education.) Teaching not to cheat to get ahead
             | falls within that part of the curriculum.
        
               | catapart wrote:
               | Nothing I said implies I think education only teaches
               | fact. Obviously I believe the contrary, as evidenced by
               | my comments. As far as education teaching people how to
               | be net-positive members of society, I agree that's what
               | the education we subsidize is intended for, but that
               | doesn't apply to this situation. A mid-level psychology
               | course at a higher learning institution. If you honestly
               | think that the GOAL of that course is to teach children
               | not to cheat, I think you're grossly mistaken. First and
               | foremost by the fact that not all students are "young
               | people". And then by the fact that we have other courses,
               | even in higher learning institutions, that deal with
               | teaching the students ethics. In the other classes, as
               | with all other areas of life, you're just expected to
               | employ the ethics of the society. It's a meta-
               | reinforcement of those lessons, but the reinforcements
               | are not the lessons of the other classes. If a student
               | fails in their ethics classes due to their ethical
               | decisions, that makes sense. If a student fails math with
               | the right answers but the wrong "ethics", that doesn't
               | make sense. Unethically sourced math answers can still
               | provide the solutions to problems. Just ask NASA.
               | 
               | So then, if a professor of an unrelated or tangentially
               | related field takes it upon themselves to make a lesson
               | out of what should be a meta-reinforcement, in a field
               | that they readily admit that they are unprepared to work
               | in or do data analysis for, that is not a reasonable
               | source of ethical education. Especially not when done
               | without prior social experiment approval and safeguards.
        
               | sanderjd wrote:
               | There are two different questions: 1. Are these the right
               | rules? and 2. Should students be taught to follow well
               | defined rules?
               | 
               | You're almost entirely talking about #1, and I totally
               | agree. The vast majority of classes should not forbid
               | looking stuff up because it is an artificial constraint
               | that doesn't reflect the reality outside school.
               | 
               | But I think #2 is also important. I know it's passe,
               | especially in the silicon valley milieu that we swim in
               | here, but I think "not following rules you personally
               | think are stupid is good" is a bad lesson for students to
               | learn.
               | 
               | (FWIW: I thought the opposite when I was a student, but I
               | was a short-sighted idiot when I was a student.)
        
               | overgard wrote:
               | > The purpose of education is not just to teach facts,
               | but also to teach young people how to be net-positive
               | members of society. (This is why society subsidizes
               | education.)
               | 
               | If only this were true. If you read the history of
               | education, it was generally invented to create compliant
               | factory workers that were adjusted to rigid schedules and
               | strict authorities. (Its not a coincidence that so many
               | schools are named after robber barons. Rockefeller,
               | Carnegie, Vanderbilt, etc) University used to be a bit
               | different, but now that everyone is expected to go and
               | its about vending credentials it's arguable that creating
               | well rounded individuals is at best an occasional bonus.
        
               | warkdarrior wrote:
               | > But they teach you not to cheat because cheating is
               | bad, on its own terms. The purpose of education is not
               | just to teach facts, but also to teach young people how
               | to be net-positive members of society. (This is why
               | society subsidizes education.) Teaching not to cheat to
               | get ahead falls within that part of the curriculum.
               | 
               | That is highly debatable. Cheating most often affects the
               | cheater, if anything, because when they need a skill they
               | pretended to have, they'll fail at real-life tasks. But
               | nobody else is affected by cheating.
        
               | meatmanek wrote:
               | > Cheating most often affects the cheater, if anything,
               | because when they need a skill they pretended to have,
               | they'll fail at real-life tasks. But nobody else is
               | affected by cheating.
               | 
               | Except the people standing on the bridge designed by the
               | civil engineer who cheated, or getting radiation therapy
               | from a machine programmed by a cheating software
               | engineer, or being treated by a doctor who cheated in med
               | school.
               | 
               | Cheaters getting degrees from an institution that's
               | supposed to produce high-quality graduates is bad for the
               | value of that degree, which is bad for the institution,
               | anyone else who went there, and anyone who relies on that
               | degree as a signal that the graduate has the skills
               | they're supposed to have.
        
               | sanderjd wrote:
               | Also, the lesson is broader than this. In the real world,
               | "cheating" is fraud. The lesson I'm saying educational
               | institutions have a valuable social role in teaching is:
               | follow the rules. I know that's naive and passe, but it's
               | also important and a lesson most people actually learn
               | well, to all our benefit. People who think they are
               | entitled to cheat and get away with it are bad for
               | society.
        
       | colinsane wrote:
       | back in my day -- which really wasn't very long ago -- profs used
       | to google their exams before administering them. if they found
       | results (like this), they would simply administer a different
       | (new) exam.
       | 
       | it's work: it might mean maintaining a pool of questions double
       | the size of your exams ready to go at any moment, but it's a
       | decent way to just not have to worry about this.
       | 
       | the response, hopefully unsurprisingly, is that past students
       | would circulate their exams under the table. every big frat
       | maintained a dropbox (or megaupload, at the time) of scanned
       | exams, with links shared only to the frat members.
       | 
       | i actually did study for exams. i wasn't in a frat but one day a
       | friend from a frat showed up to our study session with some
       | "practice exams" for us. i learned about these scans and worked
       | some grease to get access to these files for a good 4-5 different
       | frats.
       | 
       | if doing homework is prep for the exam, then working through past
       | exams is even better prep for the exam. having access to
       | realistic exams was a _huge_ leg up for me, even when the
       | questions didn't overlap. the best profs were aware of this and
       | just published their previous exams on their course webpage to
       | level the field. yeah, it's extra work to write a new exam every
       | year but that's just what you do: especially if doing so
       | encourages your students to study!
        
       | low_tech_love wrote:
       | I work in a small university with local students that are
       | aggressively average, if not a bit below that. Especially when it
       | comes to writing a thesis, our expectations are extremely low,
       | and the success rate is abysmal (something like 30% of the
       | students in a year will actually defend their theses). If a
       | student can reach something like, say, 10 people to do a
       | usability test, we are extremely happy and will pass them with a
       | smile on our faces.
       | 
       | This year one of my students claimed to have done a user
       | experience test with 30+ people, all of which came in person to
       | his house during a period of 4 days. This is extremely unlikely,
       | not to say absurdly unrealistic. If he had done it via Zoom I
       | might maybe believe, but in person? Sorry, but no. I asked him
       | what did his parents think of it, and magically they were both
       | travelling that specific week. Then I asked him to scan and send
       | me the signed consent forms for each participant; he promptly
       | said "ok, coming!" then about 8h later I got a bunch of signed
       | scans. Not sure what to do anymore, I guess he'll have his
       | thesis.
        
         | k0k0r0 wrote:
         | This surprisingly remind me of the last to birthday parties I
         | organized for myself. Unexpectedly I managed to get much more
         | people together than I expected. Simply by actually trying to
         | ask as many people as possible. I was really happy about this.
         | Both times.
         | 
         | Maybe that student was doing the same. Simply asking a lot of
         | people. And other studends usually do not. I find it really
         | hard to overcome my own shyness in this regard. And I wouldn't
         | consider myself particularly shy. I assume a lot of people
         | simply do not try asking enough people in order to get a decent
         | amount of them to join.
         | 
         | Of course that guy might be simply cheating, but I just wanted
         | to share the story.
        
         | anonymouskimmer wrote:
         | > Not sure what to do anymore,
         | 
         | Scan the signatures and reverse image search them. Or look one
         | or two of the people up on facebook and ask them whether they
         | did the study.
        
           | anonymouskimmer wrote:
           | To add: If it turns on this is legit, ask him how he did it
           | so that you can advise others on what to do for their theses.
        
         | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
         | > This year one of my students claimed to have done a user
         | experience test with 30+ people, all of which came in person to
         | his house during a period of 4 days. This is extremely
         | unlikely, not to say absurdly unrealistic.
         | 
         | I'm not familiar with conducting a user experience test. Why is
         | this so unbelievable? (Also, the rest of the story is kinda
         | hilarious; there will definitely need to be some standards and
         | process changes in academia.)
        
           | q845712 wrote:
           | depends on the situation but generally most people aren't
           | that enthusiastic to be your UX guinea pigs, and it isn't
           | that much fun to administer the same test so many times in a
           | single day (think of how bored your optometrist sounds as
           | they ask you which lens is better). I worked at a shop that
           | had a target of 3-5 users for any given UX testing because
           | usually it starts to get repetitive after that - you tend to
           | hit the diminishing returns portion of the curve.
           | 
           | So if you assume that the UX tests were short (20-30 minutes)
           | you're still talking ~15 total hours spent on UX testing, or
           | two full work days. That would be a surprising amount of
           | time.
           | 
           | As someone else said, it's conceivable that they ran very
           | short studies on a large number of people in the context of
           | having a party or a couple of small gatherings, but it does
           | seem unlikely overall.
        
         | krisoft wrote:
         | > This year one of my students claimed to have done a user
         | experience test with 30+ people, all of which came in person to
         | his house during a period of 4 days.
         | 
         | Is it possible that maybe he thrown a big party (or a series of
         | parties) and asked the folks there to try his stuff? Not sure
         | what is the length and depth of the usability test in question,
         | but if it is a short questionnaire that might work? But I see
         | where your suspicion is coming from.
        
         | bachmeier wrote:
         | In middle school, I put a lot of time into a paper for a
         | history class, at least three times what anyone else did
         | (probably more). I got a B for the class. The teacher said it
         | felt like the paper was copied, because the writing was "too
         | professional" and that middle school students don't write like
         | that. The teacher was wrong. I just happened to have worked
         | really hard because the topic was interesting to me.
        
       | reformedposter wrote:
       | The argument for these ethics classes being mandatory in the CS
       | curriculum is that they will prevent unethical behavior in
       | industry. The article demonstrates the classes aren't even
       | effective at preventing unethical behavior in the same classroom
       | they're taught in. Waste of time.
        
       | tpoacher wrote:
       | Am I the only one here who thinks the prof's statistical
       | reasoning, which is being waved at as proof, is really, really
       | bad?
       | 
       | And I mean, aside from the whole typical fallacy of treating a
       | p-value as a statement on posterior probability.
        
       | johntiger1 wrote:
       | Nah you're valid
        
       | codetrotter wrote:
       | He did the right thing.
        
       | contravariant wrote:
       | To me looking up old exams is normal, it's not even remotely
       | cheating, heck it may even be expected. Saying a website that
       | lists old exams is 'ostensibly' a study aid seems disingenuous.
       | Poisoning said site with wrong information is just making things
       | harder for the students which is _the opposite_ from what a
       | teacher is supposed to be doing.
       | 
       | However what I don't understand is why that even mattered.
       | 
       | Were the students just learning the questions and answers by
       | heart to regurgitate them on the final exam? If they had any
       | understanding at all they should have caught on, but even if they
       | didn't they would simply demonstrate their lack of understanding,
       | it is not dishonest.
       | 
       | Or did they get to fill in the answers unsupervised somewhere?
       | Because if they were left unsupervised with access the web then
       | this is likely just the tip of the iceberg, they could more
       | easily cheat by discussing the questions with each other.
       | 
       | Edit: Reading more carefully it was a take-home exam apparently,
       | which seems to have consisted of multiple-choice questions that
       | are largely the same each year. I can vaguely see how looking up
       | old exams would invalidate it as a test, but if your test is
       | invalidated by normal exam preparation is it the exam's fault or
       | the student's?
        
         | Baeocystin wrote:
         | >To me looking up old exams is normal, it's not even remotely
         | cheating, heck it may even be expected.
         | 
         | When I was at uni in the early 90's, several of my professors
         | handed out older versions of their tests so that we could see
         | the shape of the thing and prepare. We all appreciated it, too.
        
         | robochat wrote:
         | It was an online course and the exam was online too.
        
         | nocoiner wrote:
         | For all he knows, the students went to a site with study
         | materials to prep for a test. His policy of disallowing
         | students to refer to prior tests was not even explicit in the
         | syllabus, but behind a link. If this policy were clear upfront
         | - absolutely, reference to outside materials is inappropriate
         | and there should be consequences. But I don't think it's
         | reasonable to impose these consequences after the fact based on
         | a reference to a reference.
         | 
         | Based on his post, my assessment is that the prof is lazy and
         | an asshole. Maybe there are other relevant factors that would
         | change my analysis, but I have to think this is the version of
         | the story that puts the prof in the most favorable possible
         | light, so....
        
           | danbruc wrote:
           | _For all he knows, the students went to a site with study
           | materials to prep for a test._
           | 
           | Generally previous exams are good for checking that you
           | understood a topic but you can not really study a topic only
           | from past multiple choice tests. If they had studied the
           | topic and gained some understanding, they would have noticed
           | that the answers are wrong. Even just looking at two
           | different past exams would probably reveal that something is
           | off.
        
         | none_to_remain wrote:
         | I had a similar reaction. I was surprised that this school's
         | policy forbids looking at old exams. I checked my alma mater's
         | policies and they do not. Students openly sought out copies of
         | old exams from upperclassmen or from repositories kept by a few
         | cliques/clubs. Some professors themselves provided a collection
         | of old tests so everyone had easy & equal access.
         | 
         | I guess an important difference is going for engineering, it
         | was trivial for professors to change numbers & details from
         | year to year so old tests could aid study but not provide
         | answers.
        
       | throwawayffffas wrote:
       | On the case presented I have to say, the professor is being
       | unethical. Looking up questions and answers to previous exams is
       | practically studying. The point is to know the subject matter not
       | to read it through a specific source or in a specific format.
       | 
       | He should stop being lazy and vary the questions every year. If
       | after a few years there is a body of previous exams covering the
       | entire subject matter, then great the students "cheating" will be
       | studying the entire course in Q/A format.
        
         | anonymouskimmer wrote:
         | It's not evident to me that knowing particular questions and
         | answers in a multiple choice test is equivalent to knowing the
         | subject matter. If these were essay or short-answer exams I
         | might feel differently (though being able to copy-and-paste
         | would make actually reading the correct answers, much less
         | understanding them, optional).
        
         | jpk2f2 wrote:
         | At the universities I'm familiar with, looking up and using
         | previous exams (not provided by the teacher) is explicitly
         | considered cheating.
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | I (perhaps incorrectly) inferred that they copied from the site
         | during the take-home exam, which is clearly cheating.
        
           | throwawayffffas wrote:
           | Ah, I missed the take home aspect. Then yes that would be
           | clearly cheating.
        
       | nigamanth wrote:
       | I think it's perfectly fair for the prof to catch students who
       | are cheating this way.
        
         | LesZedCB wrote:
         | how would they have performed if they tried to cheat but didn't
         | find the poisoned answers? would they have had to come up with
         | answers on their own? suppose they cheated for 10% of the
         | answers but had to give honest effort on the remaining 90% and
         | just made the cut?
         | 
         | i don't think it's very clear cut or obviously perfectly fair.
        
           | mu00 wrote:
           | > how would they have performed if they tried to cheat but
           | didn't find the poisoned answers?
           | 
           | I don't think this matters. Cheating was against the rules
           | and a cheater demonstrates a failure to adhere to a social
           | contract and voluntarily waives their right to be assessed
           | the same with those who did follow the rules. At least there
           | are avenues for a cheater to have another attempt, even if
           | they have to move to another institution.
        
           | jpk2f2 wrote:
           | Their hypothetical score is irrelevant, as they will be
           | receiving a zero due to cheating. In your hypothetical
           | scenario they are still cheating, in which case their
           | improved score would also become a zero.
        
       | abeppu wrote:
       | Given that this was an ethics course, I think it's
       | interesting/surprising that the professor doesn't seem to be
       | trying to engage with what I'm guessing was the course material
       | in this discussion. "Am I the unethical one" the right question?
       | How about "Under which formulations of normative ethics is my
       | behavior wrong?"
       | 
       | 1. Is it _good_ to catch cheating? If these are students who are
       | just checking some distributional requirement box, does it matter
       | if they actually understood the material? Potentially there is
       | harm (delayed graduation, literal costs, etc) from failing
       | students (or having them be subject to some other discipline).
       | Perhaps under a consequentialist framing, catching cheaters isn't
       | good. But does the professor have a deontological obligation to
       | catch cheating, and to make a good-faith effort to have fair
       | outcomes in which students who studied and understood the
       | material receive better grades than cheaters?
       | 
       | 2. Is the method of catching cheaters relevant? If catching
       | cheaters is good for consequentialist reasons, isn't any
       | effective means of catching cheaters (which does not cause other
       | harms) also good? Certainly the objection that the professor was
       | dishonest by uploading the bad test sounds like it's from a
       | deontological / rules-oriented view.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | > But does the professor have a deontological obligation to
         | catch cheating, and to make a good-faith effort to have fair
         | outcomes in which students who studied and understood the
         | material receive better grades than cheaters?
         | 
         | Most courses are either graded on a curve or the material is
         | adjusted in difficulty to target a certain level of challenge.
         | 
         | When cheaters come in and destroy that curve and inject false
         | signal into the difficulty feedback loop, the non-cheaters
         | suffer from increased difficulty.
         | 
         | So yes, there is some obligation to keep the playing field fair
         | and accurate.
         | 
         | Given that grades can have an impact on real-world outcomes
         | (e.g. admission to a desired graduate program) then it's
         | possible that allowing cheating can have broad impacts beyond
         | the students. Imagine if you took some 4.0GPA students under
         | the assumption that they actually _learned_ what they claim,
         | then discover that they have no idea what they're doing because
         | they cheated the whole way.
         | 
         | Also, the mind boggles at the suggestion that catching cheaters
         | is bad because they might face some consequences for their
         | dishonesty.
        
           | BeetleB wrote:
           | > Most courses are either graded on a curve or the material
           | is adjusted in difficulty to target a certain level of
           | challenge.
           | 
           | Thankfully not the case where I went to university. The bar
           | was clearly set in the first lecture: If your overall score
           | is 90+%, you get an A. 80-90%, a B, and so on. Doesn't matter
           | what your peers do.
           | 
           | University is (or should be) about learning, not about
           | competition with peers.
           | 
           | When I read the article, my mind was clear: He is not the
           | unethical one. That's assuming no curve. If he is curving,
           | I'm all for any method that messes up the curve, because
           | curves are (generally) a bad idea.
        
         | DavidWoof wrote:
         | I feel like you're missing something basic. The professor
         | classifies this as a "cheating site", and his entire article
         | assumes this classification, but the site portrays itself as a
         | study aid. If we skip the editorializing, what the professor
         | actually did was seed misinformation on the Internet to see who
         | would fall for it.
         | 
         | Would you feel differently if he had edited the Wikipedia page
         | for his subject to see which students used it as a study aid?
         | 
         | The equation of "you found this info on the Internet instead of
         | in the approved course material and therefore you're cheating"
         | doesn't seem completely solid to me.
        
           | prox wrote:
           | The pirate bay might describe itself as a software sharing
           | website, it's kind of a moot point what they describe
           | themselves as in that sense.
           | 
           | The students are still responsible for what they take in
           | outside of the materials provided. Wikipedia is even at the
           | best of times not always correct. I see lot of people waving
           | the responsibility of students away.
           | 
           | The students took a chance, knowing _fully well_ what the
           | site is and does, and they got burned. Own it and take the
           | burn.
        
         | paulsutter wrote:
         | You're making it too abstract. The professor's actions are
         | hilarious and fair game by any measure. Bravo, well played.
         | It's such a good idea that I'm surprised its not already
         | commonplace.
         | 
         | As for consequences, thats up to university policy
         | 
         | > I am in discussion with my Chair about exactly what response
         | is appropriate for these students, but a zero on the final is
         | the bare minimum, and an F in the class is likely for some, if
         | not all of those who cheated.
        
           | pcthrowaway wrote:
           | "Fair game" maybe? But we're talking about ethics.
           | 
           | The professor intentionally taught students incorrect
           | information when they were seeking out resources to help them
           | learn the material.
           | 
           | Maybe a student spent 2 days studying those incorrect
           | answers. I don't know if there have been studies on this, but
           | I suspect it's much more difficult to unlearn false
           | information one has absorbed than it is to learn the correct
           | information in the first place.
           | 
           | In other words, the professor experimented on his students in
           | a way that shows he's more interested in determining whether
           | or not they were "cheating" (by his definition) than he is in
           | helping them learn the material in a substantive way, and
           | assessing whether he has adequately taught them.
           | 
           | Any student failing the exam because they studied the
           | poisoned material is just a testament to how much he failed
           | as a teacher.
        
           | abeppu wrote:
           | > You're making it too abstract.
           | 
           | A _philosophy professor_ asked a question about _ethics_.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | AstralStorm wrote:
         | 1. Absolute good is problematic even for philosophers. Under
         | consequentialist framework, catching cheaters would allow
         | others or yourself to reeducate them, causing a lot of social
         | repercussions, especially if the test contained safety
         | instruction. The consequences of cheating are very complex, and
         | ones of fostering cheating behavior even more so.
         | 
         | 2. It is, in as much as you believe AI should provide accurate
         | answers to others or force them to think for themselves
         | instead. The professor is honest in deontological point of view
         | in that they're not lying to a person, but are lying in
         | general. Depending on deontology in question this may or may
         | not be allowed.
        
       | chungy wrote:
       | Nope, not unethical.
        
       | throwerofstone wrote:
       | While I've always had a negative outlook on the modern school
       | system due to my own experiences, I fail to see how the answer to
       | the title could be anything but "yes".
       | 
       | I've seen this many times before, where a teacher seems to fail
       | to realize that their students don't just have their own exam to
       | prepare for; they have to prepare for many other exams at the
       | same time, all the while struggling to balance their study time
       | with their responsibilites at home, their social life and
       | possibly their part-time job at the same time.
       | 
       | So when an answer sheet is just readily available online, there
       | aren't many students who wouldn't choose to spend a few hours
       | memorizing the answers so they have a little more breathing room
       | for other (possibly more difficult) exams.
       | 
       | The statements about how this teacher apparently feels oh-so
       | stressful about this situation that he purposefully created
       | himself, all the while dismissing any and all critique from
       | people because they aren't "teachers of any kind" feels very
       | childish and leaves a very bad taste in my mouth.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | bilvar wrote:
         | Ok, let's not inconvenience the students anymore with studying
         | then since they're so busy. We should just award them a degree
         | after 4 years of being in the unversity's register.
        
           | throwerofstone wrote:
           | My point is that expecting time-pressed students to ignore
           | freely available answer sheets is like expecting a hungry
           | horse to ignore a carrot dangling in front of them.
           | 
           | There is nothing wrong with removing their ability to cheat,
           | but purposefully uploading answer sheets and then getting
           | angry that students made use of them isn't. In fact, it's not
           | just wrong: it's ethically wrong.
        
             | mu00 wrote:
             | I think the "anger" is merited since the students (1)
             | cheated when they were clearly told not to and (2) marked
             | answers that were "obviously wrong" which implies that not
             | even a modicum of effort was invested in demonstrating
             | knowledge.
             | 
             | The "busy" argument is a poor one. We're all busy. Part of
             | gaining an education is learning how to manage your time.
             | As a professor myself, I know for a fact that most students
             | manage their time poorly, yet many students will still pull
             | the "busy" argument when it simply doesn't apply. Rather,
             | just admit to procrastinating. Either way, the outcome is
             | the same (poor performance).
             | 
             | To sum up my sentiments to cheaters... "Play stupid games,
             | win stupid prizes."
        
       | andrewljohnson wrote:
       | He's not unethical, just lazy. He should make better tests, and
       | update them every term.
       | 
       | He doesn't need to frame the questions the same way each year.
        
       | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
       | > I decided to 'poison the well' by uploading [to Quizlet] a copy
       | of my final with wrong answers. ... My thinking was that anyone
       | who gave a sufficient number of those same answers would be
       | exposing themselves
       | 
       | I kinda don't get this. Doesn't this also potentially catch
       | students who used Quizlet to study and happened to find this
       | teacher's "poisoned" exam? It seems like there's a pretty decent
       | chance that at least some of the 1/3rd of the students who
       | profess their innocence are telling the truth. Was anything done
       | to account for that, or was it assumed that use of the site is
       | cheating?
       | 
       | > I'm neither a forensic mathematician, nor a cop, so this work
       | took a lot of time that I would have preferred to have spent
       | grading final essays.
       | 
       | If one is willing to admit that they are not a forensic
       | mathematician they can also be willing to admit that they made a
       | mistake with their forensic mathematics. This person seems to
       | have over-assumed a lack of mistakes in their understanding
       | considering the certainty with which they choose to end these
       | academic careers.
       | 
       | Edit:
       | 
       | > As far as Quizlet goes, all I did was go to the website that is
       | _designed to facilitate cheating_ and set up a kind of camera to
       | see who visited it. (emphasis mine)
       | 
       | So they just assume that a person using the website is cheating.
       | One might actually make flash cards based on previous exam
       | questions/answers using said information to be certain that their
       | flash cards are accurate. What if that person was thinking to
       | themselves, "This doesn't sound right, but if that's what's on
       | the test..."?
        
         | iinnPP wrote:
         | The answers were purposely wrong though and supposedly
         | obviously so. Something I have seen in every multiple choice
         | test I have ever taken.
         | 
         | I don't think it's possible anyone legitimately studied using
         | easily determined false information. If they did, failing the
         | course seems appropriate anyway.
        
           | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
           | They're on a website which is telling them that they're
           | getting real exam questions and answers. It's reasonable to
           | expect the questions and answers are not false and make,
           | e.g., flash cards from them.
           | 
           | I'm not so sure I'd agree that failing the course is really
           | appropriate. These people are paying to learn and the teacher
           | provided wrong answers to students who may have legitimately
           | been looking to _study_. Of course, 2 /3 of the students
           | admit it, so it's moot in those cases; at least some of those
           | who claim innocence may have a reasonable claim.
        
             | r3trohack3r wrote:
             | Making flash cards from the exam's answer sheet is somewhat
             | hard to defend on it's own. But when you're getting tested
             | for your knowledge of a subject, and you make flash cards
             | from an exam's answer sheet with blatantly incorrect
             | answers that demonstrates a lack of knowledge, I have a
             | hard time feeling sympathy.
             | 
             | To oversimplify, it's hard to defend a CS exam where a
             | student selects (D) here and their excuse was that a flash
             | card told them to do it:
             | 
             | How would you import a module in javascript?
             | 
             | A) import * from 'foo'
             | 
             | B) from 'foo' import *
             | 
             | C) import { * } from 'foo'
             | 
             | D) for i in `seq 1 10`; do echo "$i"; done
             | 
             | Note, there are a tonne of questions upstream from this
             | like the validity of requiring these students to be taking
             | this class, and requiring them to take this exam, and this
             | format of testing students, etc. But keeping the question
             | of whether the student's outcome was reasonably impacted by
             | the decision to replace the answer sheet with a fake answer
             | sheet on Quizlet, I have a hard time believing it did.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
               | I don't specifically disagree that the student should
               | have failed the course when they clearly do not
               | understand the material. I know that's contradictory to
               | what I said above; from one perspective (the
               | university's; rule-based) they should fail and from
               | another (the one for which I am arguing) they should not.
               | 
               | > whether the student's outcome was reasonably impacted
               | 
               | Here's where I have a hard time. It's very easy for the
               | outcome to change from a failed test to a failed academic
               | career. The method by which the professor determined who
               | was cheating is dubious enough that it may have caught
               | non-cheaters (from an ethical perspective; assume that
               | the person who found the test on the website is genuinely
               | intending to study the material which they believe is
               | correct). I guess it's moot from the university's
               | perspective if it's against their cheating policy. But on
               | this ethics topic, I'd have to argue for the professor to
               | have more doubts about their decision.
        
               | rprospero wrote:
               | I see your point about a student attempting to pass the
               | exam, studying the incorrect material, and failing the
               | course. However, I see that situation as morally
               | equivalent to the following scenario:
               | 
               | Sam has been having trouble understanding their
               | evolutionary biology coursework all semester. It's coming
               | close to the final and they are frantic to find any help
               | they can get. Finally, they encounter the Answers in
               | Genesis website and use it to make a set of flash cards.
               | They drill those flash cards relentlessly in their best
               | effor to learn the material. Come the final, Sam answers
               | every question with "God did it and evolution is a lie".
               | 
               | I will agree with you that Sam has not behaved
               | unethically and has not cheated on the exam, just as you
               | believe that some students did not cheat on the ethics
               | exam. That said, I do not believe that Sam should pass
               | the final, as they have no understanding of the material.
               | Even though Sam has put hard effort into studying, they
               | have studied the wrong material and put zero effort into
               | vetting their sources, so they deserve to fail the
               | course.
               | 
               | Do you believe that Sam deserves to pass the course or am
               | I missing an important difference between my hypothetical
               | and the actual events?
        
             | genezeta wrote:
             | These days I find it fairly risky to think that it's
             | reasonable to believe just anything you read on the
             | internet because a website says so.
        
         | MengerSponge wrote:
         | The academic integrity policy can forbid access or use of test
         | solutions. A student who studied from that resource isn't
         | innocent.
         | 
         | You want to tune your policies so that students will bring that
         | extra test that was lost in the printer tray back to you.
        
           | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
           | > A student who studied from that resource isn't innocent.
           | 
           | I guess it's more understandable if that's the position being
           | taken. However, that makes me want to ask a different
           | question: why is that bad? A student who uses said resource
           | to study for the test during usual study hours but walks into
           | the test without any extra material is taking the test on
           | their own merit.
        
         | 1000100_1000101 wrote:
         | Yeah, it entirely depends on the timeline of the poisoning.
         | 
         | If the bad results were uploaded just prior to the exam, and
         | the results were cloned, people likely cheated. I think this
         | trap is fine. Hopefully he had his bad results pulled
         | afterwards too, so the site only contained flawed data during
         | the exam period.
         | 
         | If the bad results were uploaded several days prior to the exam
         | we run the risk of people studied, and couldn't fathom why
         | their answers didn't match the "official results", but learned
         | the wrong result was the correct answer. It may have stuck in
         | their heads simply because it was an unexpected answer. Perhaps
         | these people didn't even go back to the site during the exam at
         | all, but the weird results from the studying phase were what
         | they could recall.
         | 
         | In this second case, the trap isn't good at all. It may have
         | caused people to recall the incorrect answers learned from
         | study, not from cheating during the exam. This is a horrible
         | thing to do to your students. It may have caused some people to
         | doubt themselves during study, and pushed them to cheat during
         | the exam because they clearly didn't understand something. This
         | is unfortunate. Prof and student share some blame here. How to
         | classify this case is difficult. Without the poisoned study
         | material, these students may have actually known the material,
         | felt confident, and aced the exam. We'll never know.
        
           | pixl97 wrote:
           | >Hopefully he had his bad results pulled afterwards too,
           | 
           | Also remember anything you put on the internet is forever...
           | Pretty much this guy may be doing the 'bullshit generation
           | problem' we are starting to accuse AI of doing.
        
           | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
           | Thank you, this is what I was trying to describe. I don't
           | intend to argue this necessarily happened (I'd expect it
           | _probably_ did not), just point out the possibility. It doesn
           | 't seem to me the professor really did enough to determine
           | the actions of these students and there is potentially good
           | reason for them to believe the 13 or so students who claim to
           | have not cheated. Certainly the "one student who is right 'on
           | the bubble'" could be given more benefit of the doubt.
           | 
           | I guess it's moot given the actual policy against looking up
           | tests without the professor's permission. I can see how it's
           | a shortcut to find the correct answers without necessarily
           | understanding the material. But I still see a reasonable
           | perspective that the professor's decision potentially caught
           | people who were genuinely intending to learn.
        
         | LanceH wrote:
         | Everything you say might be true. But it seems that the only
         | "studying" that really stuck was when they went to quizlet.
         | Read the rest of it where most of them admitted to cheating --
         | which probably means pulling it up and copying the answer.
         | 
         | Cheating is rampant in general and a lot of people bend over
         | backwards to rationalize it.
         | 
         | In short, they were given numerous valid resources and chose
         | chose not to use them. Then they went completely outside the
         | class and used unverified information in place of learning the
         | material.
         | 
         | Assuming it wasn't an "open internet" test, then there is
         | nothing wrong with this.
         | 
         | Out of all those people studying all those wrong answers author
         | doesn't mention a single one of them bringing it up during
         | office hours. I'm assuming they didn't. They all thought they
         | were getting away with something and had an edge over actually
         | studying. They were wrong.
        
           | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
           | > They all thought they were getting away with something and
           | had an edge over actually studying.
           | 
           | My point is that these people didn't (necessarily) do
           | something wrong. The only reason they had to think they were
           | doing something wrong is that the rules say they're doing
           | something wrong.
           | 
           | If a professor provided the questions and answers for flash
           | cards to be made, is that functionally different from the
           | students getting such information from a third-party? It's
           | "cheating" from a rules-based definition but I don't see how
           | a person is _necessarily_ not learning from that.
        
             | TremendousJudge wrote:
             | >It's "cheating" from a rules-based definition
             | 
             | Is there any other kind of cheating?
        
               | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
               | Assuming there's a reason for a rule, an action might not
               | go against that reason even if it goes against a literal
               | interpretation of the rule. In such a case, it should be
               | determined that there's no reason to be against the
               | action.
               | 
               | The ostensible reason to be against cheating is that it
               | devalues the degrees the university gives out if it can't
               | be trusted that a person earned said degree through
               | merit. I'm saying that a person who found the exam and
               | learned from that material isn't going against this
               | reason to be against cheating; they did, in fact, pass
               | the exam on their own merit. At least, I don't see why I
               | should consider it differently.
        
               | mannykannot wrote:
               | They did not, in fact, pass the exam on their own merit;
               | they failed it miserably. Furthermore, in situations
               | where they find the correct answers to the questions that
               | will be asked, or even just the specific questions that
               | will be asked, and then passed the exam, they would not
               | have demonstrated that they could do so on their own
               | merit, as an examination can only be a smallish sample of
               | the knowledge they are expected to have in order to
               | justify a passing grade.
               | 
               | In this case, they cannot even appeal to that perennial
               | cheater's excuse: "what matters is being able to get the
               | right answer, not how I got it." Here, they demonstrated
               | utter incompetence at that task! Their knowledge was so
               | impoverished that they could not even identify blatant
               | errors.
        
               | TremendousJudge wrote:
               | It's clear from the story that no "learning" from the
               | exam occurred. Students just copied the answers.
               | Remember, this is a multiple choice exam, so this means
               | question 42 - D, question 43 - A, etc -- nobody is
               | looking up what this even means. According to the
               | teacher, the answers should obviously wrong to anybody
               | who knows the material.
               | 
               | Although it's very funny that this happened on an ethics
               | course, the "is it ethical to cheat on an exam if you
               | learned the material" question doesn't even apply here
               | imo
        
               | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
               | > It's clear from the story that no "learning" from the
               | exam occurred. Students just copied the answers.
               | 
               | I don't see this so clearly. It seems to me that this is
               | assumed. Why do you think it is so clear that this is
               | what the students did?
        
         | DanHulton wrote:
         | From TFA:
         | 
         | > My University has an academic honesty policy that explicitly
         | says that looking at other tests without the instructor's
         | permission counts as cheating (Although had I know it would be
         | this much of an issue I would have been explicit about that in
         | my syllabus as well, rather than just linking to the policy, an
         | oversight I plan to correct going forward.)
         | 
         | If they went to Quizlet and viewed previous tests, yes, they
         | were cheating by definition. No assumption necessary.
        
       | tombert wrote:
       | Today I had to submit my final grades for my Java class, meaning
       | I had to grade all the final exams for it last night.
       | 
       | During the exam (which I had to administer remotely this time) I
       | made it abundantly clear that they _cannot_ use any kind of AI
       | assistance for their work. No ChatGPT, no Copilot, no Bing AI, no
       | Google Bard, and also no Googling, etc. I repeated this several
       | times and also wrote it in bold font on the top of the test. I
       | really didn 't have any way to enforce this, but I was hoping
       | people would be honest.
       | 
       | I'm pretty sure that most of the students _were_ honest on this;
       | the answers I got generally fine, but had grammatical mistakes
       | and were  "basically correct but had light factual errors that
       | are common with people new to programming but aren't bad enough
       | to count as 'wrong'". One student, however, who has submitted
       | broken sentences and broken code the entire semester, managed to
       | suddenly have decent writing skills, decent explanations of
       | everything, and his code was clean and concise.
       | 
       | I'm about 95% sure he used ChatGPT to generate answers to the
       | questions. I tried getting ChatGPT (and Bard and Bing AI) to give
       | me a word-for-word copy of what he submitted, but I couldn't. It
       | got somewhat close, but never an exact match.
       | 
       |  _Technically_ , it's possible that he just studied very very
       | hard and his code and grammar improved. It's also technically
       | possible that he used Grammarly to make sure his writing was ok
       | (which was technically against the rules but I wouldn't really
       | consider cheating in a Java class), and so I just had to swallow
       | my pride and grade the test assuming he was being honest.
       | 
       | It's kind of upset me all day; I have worked pretty hard trying
       | my best to be available to students if they have questions, and I
       | worked pretty hard to try and make sure that the final exam was a
       | reasonable level of difficulty. I think most of my students were
       | fine, but one bad apple is enough to really ruin my day.
        
         | bachmeier wrote:
         | Universities are going to have to adjust. That's really all
         | there is to it. It's not that hard for an exam, since you can
         | put them in a properly designed classroom with human monitors.
         | Homework? Projects? Much more difficult.
         | 
         | The current system worked in 1960. Not in 2023, and probably
         | not since the late 1990s, when technology started to make our
         | evaluation processes obsolete.
        
           | nickff wrote:
           | Exams used to be a larger part of school grades. In my area,
           | they were devalued and the reason that was given was that
           | exams favored males over females.
        
         | saalweachter wrote:
         | I wonder if it would be worth it to give some sort of in person
         | feedback to convey (a) you noticed the dramatic improvement (b)
         | you were even worried they might be cheating (c) you decided to
         | give them the benefit of the doubt (d) congratulations on their
         | hard work paying off (e) but if they did cheat they got lucky
         | and if they keep it up it's going to backfire on them one day.
        
           | tombert wrote:
           | Yeah, I've drafted a few emails that I have not sent stating
           | more or less what you listed, in "decreasingly-pissy" tones.
           | 
           | I think by tonight I'll have cooled off enough to write an
           | appropriate email.
        
           | sebzim4500 wrote:
           | I really don't think this is a good idea.
           | 
           | If I got an email half accusing me of cheating I would
           | complain to anyone who would listen.
        
         | marcus_holmes wrote:
         | Basic arithmetic and calculators.
         | 
         | I'm old: when I went to school we weren't allowed calculators
         | "because there'll be a situation where you need to do basic
         | arithmetic and don't have a calculator". I occasionally laugh
         | at this while firing up the calculator app on my phone. We'd
         | have been better off if they'd taught us sign language rather
         | than arithmetic.
         | 
         | Our education system is going to have to adjust to the new
         | reality. Setting an essay task is now the equivalent of
         | learning the times table - utterly redundant (unless you plan
         | on a career writing essays or doing maths).
        
           | to11mtm wrote:
           | The most 'fair' math classes (specifically, I'm thinking of
           | algebra and calculus type courses) I have been in, allowed a
           | good in-between. Basically, you were totally allowed to use a
           | Calculator, even one with a built-in CAS, but you -had- to
           | show the in-between steps if you did so on a test.
           | 
           | This was pretty useful in it's own right, as you at least had
           | a way to check your work, and frankly it was extremely useful
           | for helping me solidify knowledge in those fields. [0]
           | 
           | Of course, AI muddles this, since it can explain the steps
           | for you.
        
           | pclmulqdq wrote:
           | That may be the strawman, but that's not the _real_ reason
           | why people ban calculators when you learn arithmetic. The
           | reason is because learning to manipulate numbers in your head
           | abstracts to other things, like learning to estimate and
           | learning to manipulate equations.
           | 
           | Higher-level math classes usually encourage calculators, and
           | graduate-level math classes will often allow Matlab or
           | Mathematica, as long as you can write a short sentence
           | explaining what the computer algebra system is doing. Where I
           | went to school, this was colloquially called "proof by Steven
           | (Wolfram)."
        
         | Spivak wrote:
         | Honestly, unless the grade for that class translates into
         | taking something directly tangible from other students, and a
         | "java" class sounds pretty intro, I wouldn't give any thought
         | to it. Cramming for exams and then immediately forgetting
         | everything you hastily memorized is a-okay even though you
         | didn't learn anything either.
         | 
         | A random college class, to me, isn't the kind of thing where
         | cheating really matters. The stakes are low, it's expected that
         | most students will do well, and everyone gets the same degree
         | at the end. If someone wants to sabotage their own education
         | then fine, and if it doesn't bite them later good for them.
        
           | tombert wrote:
           | Yeah, I'll admit that the problem is somewhat on my end, but
           | I find it very hard not to take these kinds of things
           | personally. I agree that I _shouldn 't_ take them personally,
           | but that's easier said than done.
        
         | clusterhacks wrote:
         | Some students cheat. As an adjunct instructor at the university
         | level, I had similar experiences.
         | 
         | You have to both adjust your expectations and make a
         | significant part of your grading use an in-person one-on-one
         | oral exam or project walkthrough.
         | 
         | It is a huge commitment of time - most professors I know seem
         | to have quietly accepted cheating will be be rewarded because
         | they don't have enough time to verify student performance.
        
           | pixl97 wrote:
           | It seems we want to turn universities into McDonalds where we
           | push high numbers, but also pretend they are elite
           | institutions that we can charge premium prices for. This is
           | not going to work well in an age of ever increasing automated
           | intelligence...
           | 
           | Well, lest of course the students sit under the watchful eye
           | of AI in the near future
        
         | throwawayffffas wrote:
         | I would suggest you ask him. Offer him immunity and ask him.
         | For your peace of mind and so that in the future you can be
         | better prepared.
        
         | shinryuu wrote:
         | So the purpose of academia is teach pupils a subject, that they
         | can the use in real life.
         | 
         | When you're solving the same problems in real life you do have
         | access to all those tools that you banned. Because in real
         | life, if you manage to solve a problem it doesn't matter that
         | much how you solved it.
         | 
         | Sure, if you just Google things and always solve your problems
         | by copy pasting. Your solutions will lack depth, and at some
         | point this will catch up to you.
         | 
         | My point is, cheating is primarily cheating on yourself, and it
         | will catch up to you.
         | 
         | I think this is the framing you should have with regards to
         | cheating.
        
         | elliotto wrote:
         | Whilst it's unfortunate this kid might be cheating the system,
         | I don't think it's worth being upset if they got through. The
         | point of these exams is to allow students to study and learn
         | these topics, which it sounds like they did. It sounds like
         | while maybe you failed in gatekeeping the cheaters (an
         | impossible post gpt task) you have succeeded in the real goal
         | which was to help these kids learn and improve.
        
           | yowzadave wrote:
           | A good and reasonable sentiment. It's a very human thing for
           | people who are largely successful at something to fixate
           | unproductively on failures--and in this case you can't even
           | conclusively say that it was a "failure".
        
           | tombert wrote:
           | Oh I largely agree; I'm kind of learning that you have to
           | view teaching as somewhat more of a "statistical success"
           | than anything else.
           | 
           | It's just one of those things that while you're totally
           | right, the one or two bits of failure kind of nag at me. It's
           | extremely easy to take these things personally (especially
           | for a nascent teacher like me) when in reality I should
           | likely view things as transactional.
        
         | cogman10 wrote:
         | I'm starting to see this come up in coding interviews.
         | 
         | I had one candidate that struggled MIGHTILY on a coding problem
         | that was easy (kept running into syntax errors) but then pulled
         | out an esoteric solution for the second problem in no time
         | flat.
         | 
         | I can't prove that he was cheating but it very highly
         | suggestive that he is.
         | 
         | I hate it, but I'm starting to think I have to do an AI
         | detection question now. It's not hard, just ask someone to do
         | something impossible. However, I don't like the fact that now I
         | need to be "tricky". I've never believed in making coding
         | challenges hard, I just want to see if you can write code.
        
           | cgearhart wrote:
           | I saw something similar in a recent interview. I brought in a
           | candidate who did not meet all of the typical resume check
           | boxes, but who had a long history of success on highly
           | technical problems. These type of candidates can bring very
           | new perspectives to our team, but they're often a long shot
           | in interviews.
           | 
           | In this case the candidate chose to use a language that I
           | don't know well and they said they weren't especially
           | familiar with either. Then they struggled a lot to even talk
           | through the question and it was a grind to work through each
           | line of code. I couldn't offer much help, and they were very
           | clearly unsure at each step.
           | 
           | But when we clicked "run" on the code, we were _both_
           | surprised to see that it ran on the first try. Not only that,
           | but it already worked for all of the "but what about..."
           | follow up edge cases. And the candidate didn't know _why_ ...
           | "oh, I guess the language just works that way."
           | 
           | I don't know if they were cheating, but the entire thing was
           | far outside any other interview experience I've ever had --
           | and fits the pattern of what I'd expect an LLM to produce.
        
             | giraffe_lady wrote:
             | this is me using ocaml
        
             | littlekey wrote:
             | Seems like there's a silver lining here. It reinforces the
             | idea that the answer to the problem is not necessarily the
             | important part. When you can trivially provide a correct
             | answer, it places more emphasis on the skill of being able
             | to actually explain and work through the logic as a way to
             | distinguish yourself from other candidates.
        
           | giraffe_lady wrote:
           | I'm a pretty good practical programmer, good at noticing
           | potential edge cases, writing code that's changeable without
           | being overcomplicated. This based on feedback across years of
           | professional work.
           | 
           | I also have adhd and literally brain damage and have worked
           | professionally in about a dozen different programming
           | languages. I can't write a for loop or declare a static
           | method or w/e in _any_ of them without googling the syntax or
           | using my editor 's hints & autocomplete.
        
             | cogman10 wrote:
             | That's fine and all, but not what was happening.
             | 
             | They had google access and editor hints. Further, I start
             | every interview with "please, ask any questions, we aren't
             | trying to trick you we just want to see if you can code."
             | And I mean it. If someone has a minor problem with
             | remembering syntax or how to declare it I don't really care
             | and will happily let them know how to do that.
             | 
             | Heck, I've even had interactions where a candidate was like
             | "I think there's a method that does x for this" in a
             | language I was unfamiliar with, so I googled up what x was
             | and shared it with them mid interview. "Oh yeah, looks like
             | this is what does x for your language".
             | 
             | There was also some pretty weird behaviors with the
             | camera/screen that caused them to need to touch it fairly
             | frequently (I'm guessing to take over keyboard control from
             | the AI software they were using).
             | 
             | What they were doing, repeatedly, though the interview was
             | writing
             | 
             | `a[i]` then having to change it to `a.get(i)` because they
             | were working with a `List` in java. I get maybe doing that
             | once or twice, but in the course of the interview they did
             | it every single time they needed to pull something out of
             | the list. (and each time needed to touch their screen and
             | take a few minutes to correct it). This is why I strongly
             | suspected cheating. It extended a question that normally
             | takes 15 minutes to 35 minutes. Then the question I ask
             | that usually takes ~45 minutes they completed in 15 with an
             | optimal solution that relies on a data structure I
             | literally only learned about because the interview hints
             | for the question are like "Hey, java has this data
             | structure that makes everything easier".
        
               | giraffe_lady wrote:
               | Yeah I get it. This is one of those things that's really
               | hard to convincingly describe online because each
               | individual thing is explainable eg I will write a[i]
               | every time and my format-on-save will change it to
               | List.get(a, i) every newline or whatever.
               | 
               | But you were there and I wasn't and if the overall
               | situation seemed suspicious to you that's evidence at
               | least as strong as any specific thing. Intuition can
               | certainly pick up on weird behavior even if it's hard to
               | explain how after the fact.
        
           | pclmulqdq wrote:
           | This may be an unpopular point of view, but I think in
           | situations like this, you should just pass on them. They are
           | applying to tens of jobs and your company is interviewing
           | tens of candidates, so there's no real reason for either of
           | you to continue this process if they struggled on the easy
           | problem and had questionable reasoning on the hard problem.
           | However, if the candidate could very clearly explain the
           | esoteric solution, there is a good chance that it's just
           | similar to something she has done before and you should not
           | be suspicious.
           | 
           | I am assuming that you had a compiler or IDE in this
           | situation providing a useful error message. If you were
           | whiteboard coding and you were telling the candidate "you
           | have a syntax error but I won't tell you where" (like several
           | folks at a former employer of mine were fond of), you may be
           | the problem, not the candidate.
        
             | cogman10 wrote:
             | We ultimately did pass.
             | 
             | > I am assuming that you had a compiler or IDE in this
             | situation providing a useful error message.
             | 
             | Yup. I prefer to give candidates compilers/IDEs and even
             | access to google if they ask about it. Like I said, I'm not
             | trying to trick them or anything, I just want to know if
             | they can code.
             | 
             | > If you were whiteboard coding and you were telling the
             | candidate "you have a syntax error but I won't tell you
             | where"
             | 
             | I'd hate being on the receiving end of that and would never
             | pull that sort of stunt. The software we use allows both
             | sides to edit the code and I pretty regularly will go in
             | and silently fix syntax errors for a candidate so as not to
             | let a compile/refresh loop get in the way of actually
             | solving the problem.
             | 
             | Like, what does "You have a syntax error" even prove? I'd
             | let you write pure pseudo code so long as it makes sense.
             | 
             | I just don't like "mind games" in interviews.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | I still make syntax errors all the time.
        
         | joefourier wrote:
         | Can I ask what's the point of testing students in a scenario
         | where they don't have access to AI tools? As a software
         | developer I use these tools daily, and if I or my colleagues
         | stopped our productivity would suffer - it sounds like the same
         | genre of thinking that leads to having students write out code
         | by hand because using an IDE is "cheating".
         | 
         | If it would be possible to take a bottom-tier CS student and
         | turn them into a decent programmer using AI tools, the hiring
         | landscape would be /very/ different. These tools aren't magic,
         | and to me it sounds like the tests are failing at measuring the
         | students competence if they can so easily be gamed by using an
         | AI/old fashioned googling.
         | 
         | Maybe the solution should be to move towards a style of
         | exam/grading that actually measures the competence of the
         | student in a situation closer to what a professional developer
         | will be in, rather than an old fashioned artificial exam
         | setting?
        
           | BeetleB wrote:
           | > Can I ask what's the point of testing students in a
           | scenario where they don't have access to AI tools?
           | 
           | It's a question of: Are you testing for understanding or
           | ability? Both have their merits, but often the goal is the
           | former. If it were a project, it is generally the latter.
        
           | yuliyp wrote:
           | An evaluation for a course should measure how much of the
           | subjects of the course the students learned. It's not a job
           | success simulator, nor a measure of unrelated skills.
        
             | hxugufjfjf wrote:
             | So the students are disallowed or discouraged from learning
             | how to use tools like AI in the courses they take?
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | This follows the same logic as banning calculators when
               | teaching people basic arithmetic. When something is a
               | replacement for your learning, it should be banned, and
               | when it is an augmentation, it should be encouraged.
               | 
               | You may think it's ridiculous, but many people today
               | can't calculate a 20% tip or add two prices together
               | without a calculator because the constant use of
               | calculators has caused their arithmetic skills to
               | atrophy. This seems like a silly gripe, except a lot of
               | other skills are built around these basic ones: for
               | arithmetic, the ability to estimate the cost or time
               | taken to do something is all based on tricks you learn
               | when you are trying to learn mental math. Society is not
               | worse off for this (enough of us still know how to do
               | these things), but many people are poorer, both
               | intellectually and monetarily, due to a lack of
               | arithmetic skills. And no, this lost knowledge of
               | arithmetic is not replaced by a knowledge of higher math
               | - it tends to come with a fear of it.
               | 
               | The same applies with text-generating AI. In terms of
               | writing, if you don't learn to write dumb essays about
               | books, skills like learning to construct an argument are
               | much harder to pick up. For people writing code, learning
               | to slog through writing and debugging a doubly linked
               | list (something ChatGPT can reliably generate for you
               | today) leads you to later being able to slog through
               | debugging B-trees or lock-free queues (which ChatGPT
               | _definitely cannot_ write for you).
               | 
               | I think there is a _very compelling_ argument along these
               | lines for low-level courses to ban AI tools. However,
               | higher-level courses probably should allow students to
               | add them to their repertoire, where they are an aid and
               | not a crutch. This follows how mathematicians and
               | engineers learn to use calculators and computer algebra
               | tools, which seems to work well.
        
               | hxugufjfjf wrote:
               | I don't think it ridiculous at all. I'm not sure if your
               | comment was an argument, a counter-argument or just a
               | comment.
        
               | Baeocystin wrote:
               | >people today can't calculate a 20% tip
               | 
               | Earlier this week, I spent several minutes talking one of
               | my co-workers through how I 'did math in my head' to
               | figure out my half of the 20% tip we were leaving for
               | lunch. Even something as rudimentary as moving the
               | decimal place over one and doubling the result seemed
               | like wizardry to them.
               | 
               | They aren't dumb. They've literally just never thought
               | one second past reaching for a calculator. Which is kind
               | of scary, because it means they have no way of sanity
               | checking any numbers they come up with.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | I know a person who does interviews for programming
               | positions who asks "what is 20% of 20,000?" The ones who
               | are flummoxed by it are no hires. So are the ones who
               | pull up a calculator app on their phone.
        
               | vasco wrote:
               | Most people today can't make fire by hand either because
               | we have tools for it.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | It's a good thing that the skills involved in making fire
               | by hand don't transfer to disciplines that matter. The
               | same cannot be said for arithmetic and writing.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | Student are neither disallowed or discouraged from
               | learning them. The are not allowed to use them during
               | unrelated test.
        
               | hxugufjfjf wrote:
               | Why is the test unrelated to learning methods?
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | Think of it this way. I use a calculator to do less trivial
           | arithmetic. However, knowing how to multiply means I
           | understand what multiplication _is_ rather than just a number
           | that inexplicably appears on the calculator screen.
           | 
           | I've known engineers who did not understand the analytical
           | tools they were using. They misused them constantly.
        
           | JohnBooty wrote:
           | Maybe the solution should be to move towards a          style
           | of exam/grading that actually measures the
           | competence of the student in a situation closer to
           | what a professional developer will be in, rather than
           | an old fashioned artificial exam setting?
           | 
           | Most "real world" software development work involves
           | understanding existing code and/or choosing solutions.
           | 
           | AI can help you write a linked list, but can it help you
           | _know that you need_ a linked list vs. a queue or a binary
           | tree? Can it help you to make more architecture-y decisions
           | like deciding whether you need a document database, a
           | traditional SQL RDBMS, or maybe something else?
           | 
           | I'm not in a teaching role but those are the kinds of things
           | I'd like to see examinations cover -- what tool or data
           | structure are you choosing, and _why_ is it the appropriate
           | tool for this specific case?
           | 
           | Or, similarly, can the student understand existing code and
           | fix bugs or make performance improvements?
           | 
           | Bottom line, though: professors should just absolutely accept
           | the reality of AI. Assume all students are using AI tools.
           | Actively mandate or at least encourage their use in order to
           | ensure a level playing field.
        
           | suid wrote:
           | > Can I ask what's the point of testing students in a
           | scenario where they don't have access to AI tools?
           | 
           | It's not just the issue of "what if they didn't have access
           | to ChatGPT?"
           | 
           | Just as an example: ChatGPT is literally the world's biggest
           | bullshitter. It vacuums up vast stores of "data" (note: NOT
           | "knowledge"), and just pulls out words that it thinks could
           | likely follow from previous words given a context.
           | 
           | Quite often is produces silly, or even dangerously wrong,
           | answers. You need to be pretty well skilled in the art to
           | catch it at its bullshit.
           | 
           | It's just like when you hire assistants to do something
           | critical for you. You have to be able to verify their work,
           | or you have to be able to trust them blindly.
        
           | jlkuester7 wrote:
           | I at least partially share this sentiment for hiring
           | interviews. In that setting, the goal of any kind of coding
           | exercise is to evaluate a persons coding skills in a real-
           | world environment. For something like that, it does not make
           | much sense to hobble the developer by artificially limiting
           | their access to coding resources that are normally employed
           | while on the job.
           | 
           | However, I feel like an academic exam is a bit different. The
           | goal of these exams is to evaluate what students have
           | _learned_. Unless the class was about how to find helpful
           | code examples on SO, it does not make much sense to allow
           | AI/internet-searching during the exam.
        
           | jeroenhd wrote:
           | This is like asking "what's the point of not allowing
           | students to use Google during their Maths exams" or "why
           | bother with English exams when Grammarly exists".
           | 
           | The point is to gain some knowledge yourself. Obviously
           | you'll use new tools and methods later when you eventually
           | get a job, but the point of most courses is to teach you the
           | concepts, not how to command the IDE. Whether you decide to
           | hand-craft assembly code or become professional a Copilot
           | suggestion approver doesn't really matter.
        
           | codegladiator wrote:
           | A person who knows how to code without access to AI tools
           | means when they have access to AI tools their productivity
           | would increase but they will also be able to point out
           | mistakes, if any, in the generated code.
           | 
           | A person who does not know how to code without access to AI
           | tools means they will consistently push bugs generated by AI,
           | affecting the teams productivity, if any.
        
             | mdorazio wrote:
             | If this is the case, wouldn't you expect their grades to
             | reflect this as well due to the generated code answering
             | exam questions having errors?
        
         | i2cmaster wrote:
         | I think it's good. This sort of thing will move Universities
         | back to being about teaching and research instead of vending
         | credentials.
        
           | tombert wrote:
           | I've gone back and forth about how I feel about grades as a
           | whole.
           | 
           | I do feel that by having these tests and grades that it does,
           | indeed, sort of become just a transactional way to "vend
           | credentials" instead of focusing on learning. I also think
           | that often homework and tests aren't great measurements; I
           | was bad about doing homework in college the first time
           | around, and it was frustrating to the professors because I
           | was doing horrible grade-wise, but was extremely active
           | _during_ class and generally did fine on the tests. I _was_
           | mostly learning the material (at least well enough to get an
           | A on the exams), but because I wasn 't submitting my
           | assignments, they would be forced to give me a C or a D.
           | 
           | At the same time, I really haven't figured out a better
           | system. I would be open alternative systems, but I think
           | grades and grading and tests do the best job for the "average
           | case".
           | 
           | Maybe I should email some of my old professors and apologize
           | for the headaches I probably gave them...
        
           | the_only_law wrote:
           | > This sort of thing will move Universities back to being
           | about teaching and research instead of vending credentials.
           | 
           | I don't see this happening unless jobs stop caring about
           | credentials or become more willing accept other forms of
           | credentials.
           | 
           | Of course I'm assuming you aren't specifically talking about
           | software, which doesn't have nearly the amount of
           | credentialism as many other fields.
        
         | kazinator wrote:
         | > _I made it abundantly clear that they cannot use any kind of
         | AI assistance for their work_
         | 
         | You're swimming against the riptide. If I were teaching coding
         | today, I'd allow, even encourage, use of AI, with some ground
         | rules. Students using AI would have to show their work (i.e.
         | the conversation with the machine).
         | 
         | The content of the prompts and in particular follow-up
         | questions, can demonstrate competence. E.g. situations in which
         | the student spotted that something was wrong in the generated
         | code and made an intelligent hint to the machine to fix it.
         | 
         | Students should be prepared for tomorrow's world, not
         | yesterday's.
        
           | balderdash wrote:
           | By that logic wouldn't it be ok for grade schoolers to use
           | calculators when they are learning basic math? Sure you can
           | teach someone how to get an answer, but have you actually
           | given them an understanding of the material to be built upon?
        
             | kazinator wrote:
             | Kids should be using calculators in kindergarten. You can
             | discover a lot of curious things about the numbers with
             | calculators. Like when you multiply by 5 and keep doing it,
             | the last two digits are always 25, and the hundreds digit
             | bounces between 1 and 6. You can discover that without a
             | calculator, but it's more time consuming.
             | 
             | If we want to ensure kids can do arithmetic without
             | calculators, we can have exams in which there are no
             | calculators.
             | 
             | You can give them homework problems in which they have to
             | fill in all the work steps of multiplication and long
             | division, e.g.:                      ______        17 |
             | 2091            -__              __             -__
             | __               __
             | 
             | If you want to ensure that the students know and follow a
             | certain process in obtaining an answer, you can't just test
             | the production of an answer. You have to white box it.
             | 
             | Kids should know time tables to about 12. Beyond that, you
             | can test whether they know the structure of long
             | multiplication and division and such.
        
         | rmellow wrote:
         | > Technically, it's possible that he just studied very very
         | hard and his code and grammar improved.
         | 
         | As an early procrastinator (rehabilitated perhaps?) I've had a
         | history of doing very well on finals through cramming.
         | 
         | In your student's case it might very well be more likely they
         | are cheating, but those unlikely but possible students who
         | study extra hard to recover their grades for a final deserve
         | the benefit of the doubt.
         | 
         | How unlikely can academic recovery get? I spent an entire
         | semester completely lost in a second level Macroeconomics
         | course...
         | 
         | ... I was able to read and write chapter summaries of a
         | semester and a half of content (about 15 chapters,
         | corresponding to the first level and the second level courses)
         | in a single weekend and aced the exam, with the highest marks
         | in the class.
         | 
         | That was the hardest I've ever crammed in my life and I had
         | trouble speaking in the hours that followed the study session.
         | 
         | I later got a recommendation letter from that prof, totally
         | worth it.
        
         | sumtechguy wrote:
         | Today you learned a lesson. You will need to add to your course
         | work how GPT can get things wildly wrong. Just a simple example
         | should not be too terribly hard to find. Then plant the seed
         | 'if it has that wrong what else is it getting wrong? It is a
         | good tool of getting the general idea but one you need to
         | audit. This class is where you are going to learn the basics
         | and know when this thing is wrong when you use it' That thing
         | is not going away any time soon.
        
           | tombert wrote:
           | I actually did say something more or less exactly like that
           | pretty early into the course.
           | 
           | Something to the effect of "ChatGPT is pretty cool, I like
           | it, but it will just make stuff up sometimes in extremely
           | convincing way. It's a tool that's dangerous to newbies and
           | powerful to professionals, and I'm hoping this class will
           | help you get closer to the latter".
        
             | sumtechguy wrote:
             | Ah good. A very small demonstration probably would drive
             | the point home. It is one thing to hear that but another to
             | see it yourself.
        
           | DangitBobby wrote:
           | But clearly it gets things right often enough to be worth
           | using to cheat on a test or assignment.
        
           | TheRealPomax wrote:
           | Also, how GPT can get things right, and that if students use
           | GPT (because it's the early days of the graphing calculator
           | all over again but now for code) then the exercise is not
           | "write the code" but "explain the conditions under which this
           | code doesn't work, and why" because if you're taking a
           | programming class it doesn't matter what writes the code,
           | what matters is whether you understand that code. So if
           | you're turning the exercise into a code audit by using GPT,
           | you better damn well be able to explain what problems are
           | left in the code it generated.
        
       | scythe wrote:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36087175
       | 
       | 'nocoiner mentioned in a sublevel comment that the syllabus was
       | not very clear about not referencing old course materials:
       | 
       | >His policy of disallowing students to refer to prior tests was
       | not even explicit in the syllabus, but behind a link. If this
       | policy were clear upfront - absolutely, reference to outside
       | materials is inappropriate and there should be consequences.
       | 
       | If you want to catch students cheating, you should be clear with
       | them beforehand what constitutes cheating.
        
       | overgard wrote:
       | To a certain extent, I wonder if the real problem is the focus on
       | tests and memorization. In the real world, "knowing" something
       | means you can apply it to a project. I "know" guitar if I can
       | play multiple songs well, not if I can easily tell you how to
       | form the first inversion of c major 7 in a specific tuning or
       | something. I could be a savant on tests and not be able to play
       | Wonderwall. I know programming if I can write good working code,
       | not if I can answer trivia about C++ virtual tables.
       | 
       | My point being in the real world people look things up all the
       | time, IE, cheat. Ability to memorize for an arbitrary test is a
       | bad measure of the ability to apply learning.
       | 
       | Also admittedly its been a while since i've been in school, but
       | in my day (like 10 years ago), a take home final was not
       | considered a serious thing. I think that happened maybe once or
       | twice and it was because the final barely mattered.
        
       | phkahler wrote:
       | Yes, he is unethical. He didn't just catch students cheating. He
       | actively sabotaged the cheaters. He says he placed a
       | (metaphorical) camera to catch the cheaters, but if he didn't pay
       | attention to it they would have failed anyway because he planted
       | wrong answers for them to find. Thinking about it now, he could
       | have just graded them with the wrong answers and left it at that
       | (a different ethical question), but it seems he was determined to
       | "get" them, call them out, and punish.
       | 
       | To be clear, I'm not supporting the cheaters. There are two
       | wrongs here. "Am I the unethical one?" should instead read "am I
       | unethical?" to avoid any discussion about which is worse. Suppose
       | I went on the site and uploaded wrong answers, thereby clearly
       | sabotaging cheaters. Clearly that would have negative
       | consequences for those students and one might ask why would I do
       | that.
        
         | catapart wrote:
         | Exactly. Whether he intended to or not, he - HIMSELF - put two
         | different, equally authorially-dominant, sets of answers into
         | the wild and expected students to pick the best one in what can
         | only be described as an unauthorized (afaik?) social
         | experiment.
         | 
         | Fuck the students who thought "wait, this seems like...way
         | wrong. I feel like he said the exact opposite in class...? But,
         | I mean, this IS the test that I'm looking at, so I guess I'm
         | just misremembering...", is the apparent sentiment. At least he
         | caught the _obvious_ cheaters, right?
        
           | anonymouskimmer wrote:
           | Those latter students would have been taught in high school
           | not to trust sources without some sort of verification.
           | Trusting that a non-verified, random upload to a cheat/study
           | site is accurate shows lack of critical thinking skills, at
           | best.
        
         | tombert wrote:
         | I'm inclined to agree. If you're actively putting out
         | misinformation, that's always bad. It feels a bit
         | "entrapment"-ey.
         | 
         | Sort of tangential, but I have always thought
         | teachers/professors who put "trick" questions on tests to be
         | sort of assholes. It's fine if it's an extra credit thing and
         | isn't going to take away from the final grade, but when you
         | write a question that literally everyone in the class gets
         | wrong, I think that says a lot more about your communication or
         | teaching ability than the students.
        
         | sanderjd wrote:
         | Why is it unethical to be determined to call out and punish
         | cheaters? When I was in college, we had like an academic
         | honesty pledge that made it clear we would get kicked out of
         | school if they caught us cheating. It's not uncommon (or, I
         | think, unethical) to punish cheating in academic programs.
        
           | phkahler wrote:
           | He sabotaged the cheaters. It's a bit different than just
           | catching them and issuing the usual punishment. I think there
           | is room for debate around the distinction, but from an
           | ethical point of view one should avoid gray areas, and this
           | guy actually teaches ethics - to this class.
        
             | sanderjd wrote:
             | Yeah I agree that's the interesting question, but I think
             | "it's bad to want to punish people who cheat" is the wrong
             | take, in general.
        
             | jpk2f2 wrote:
             | He did not sabotage them - the usual punishment is at
             | minimum a zero on the relevant assignment/test/etc., and
             | frequently extends to outright failing out of the class.
             | Scoring worse on the test due to their cheating is
             | irrelevant as it'll be reduced to a zero.
             | 
             | From an ethical point of view, he has done these students,
             | the university, and the world at large a huge favor.
        
       | derfnugget wrote:
       | Where's your head aaaaat. Where's your head at? You are unethical
       | because at some point you decided it's not about teaching them,
       | it's about catching them. I think you should take a minute to
       | think about what your role actually is. Time is limited. Spend it
       | on what matters.
        
       | taylorius wrote:
       | I was interviewing a candidate a couple of months ago, and as
       | part of the assessment they were required to write a bat and ball
       | game in Javascript, in advance of the interview.We would go
       | through the code during the interview and I would ask them how it
       | might be modified / extended in various ways.
       | 
       | This candidate produced a reasonable, functional bat and ball
       | game in a couple of pages of Javascript code, and I had high
       | hopes for the interview. But as soon as I tried to delve into the
       | code with the candidate, it became clear they had no idea what
       | half of it was doing. I suppose they got chatGPT to write it for
       | them, or something. Was disappointed and vaguely annoyed to have
       | wasted my time.
        
       | sevensor wrote:
       | This is unethical, but not for the reasons given. It's unethical
       | because it favors the pre-internet status quo of cheating within
       | one's social circle. It was well known at my university that
       | fraternities and sororities kept libraries of old exams. A policy
       | that catches only internet cheaters is a policy that advantages
       | socially connected cheaters over individual cheaters.
        
         | denton-scratch wrote:
         | > It's unethical because it favors the pre-internet status quo
         | 
         | Don't agree. You're saying that if I can't catch _all_ the
         | cheaters, then I can never call anyone out for cheating. That
         | 's a licence to cheat.
         | 
         | Cheating is bad, for the same reason corruption is bad; once
         | it's accepted that it's allowed, then anyone who doesn't
         | cheat/take and give bribes, then everyone who plays by the
         | rules is at a disadvantage. Corruption is a disease that
         | spreads if you don't stamp it out.
         | 
         | Also: cheating on tests is an insult to the intelligence of the
         | examiner. The cheaters are laughing at him. If you don't call
         | out cheaters, then the whole idea of getting a graded result
         | becomes meaningless; you might as well simply give every
         | student that actually paid their fees an 'A', and do without
         | exams.
         | 
         | BTW, I think it's irrelevant that it's an ethics exam. You
         | don't study Ethics to become more ethical. You study it to
         | learn about the philosophy of ethics.
        
         | kuroguro wrote:
         | Our uni's CS students kept an online catalogue of past
         | exams/answers/cheat-sheets so it was somewhat democratic for
         | it's time :) Tho I guess you had to know it exists to find it
         | first.
        
       | neilv wrote:
       | I once wanted to be a university professor. Stories of rampant
       | cheating at some schools make me think it would've had to have
       | been somewhere with a more honorable culture.
       | 
       | I've heard of some schools where supposedly the students take the
       | honor code very seriously.
        
         | tombert wrote:
         | If you have at least a masters degree (bachelors in some
         | states), it's not terribly difficult to get an adjunct lecturer
         | job. You're generally committed for a whole semester, but
         | that's basically it.
        
       | robochat wrote:
       | Can anyone explain the maths that he did because my calculation
       | give different results. Isn't there only a 1 in 2588 chance of a
       | student 'guessing' 19 'answers' out of 45 where there are 5
       | options for each answer? Whereas the article states that it is 1
       | in 100 ? (actually he writes 1:100 which is odds, so it is 1 in
       | 101?) Don't we just use the Binomial distribution, so: Prob =
       | 45!/(19!26!) * (1/5)*19 * (1 - 1/5)*26 It's really bugging me
       | that I can't get the maths to work.
        
       | Aulig wrote:
       | I guess it depends on how obviously wrong the given answers were.
       | At my university it was allowed and encouraged to practice for
       | exams using old exams. I could see someone having studied that
       | way and assuming the fake answers must be correct.
        
         | batch12 wrote:
         | Nah, the professor isn't in the wrong. A study guide was
         | provided, the school disallows looking at other tests, and he
         | told the students not to cheat-- and the consequences. I don't
         | agree that there is nuance here.
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | I love the irony that the students were cheating in an Ethics
       | class.
       | 
       | As for entrapment, it's no different from leaving your front door
       | unlocked being entrapment for thieves (it isn't). The cheaters
       | are adults, know what cheating is, know they cheated, and know
       | what the consequences are. No sympathy. Give them all an F for
       | the course.
        
       | red_trumpet wrote:
       | > When he confronted those students about this, most of them
       | admitted they had cheated; the consequences for their grades are
       | still being determined
       | 
       | > I tell all my students what will happen if I catch them
       | cheating
       | 
       | How do those two statements go together?
        
         | jpk2f2 wrote:
         | Typically the university itself handles consequences for
         | cheating, plagiarism, etc. Repeated issues often leads to the
         | student being expelled.
        
         | gapan wrote:
         | "If you get caught cheating, there will be serious
         | consequences, ranging from X to Y. The decision will be made by
         | the board together with the ethics committee."
        
       | aidenn0 wrote:
       | It's been two decades since I took an ethics class, but here's my
       | stab:
       | 
       | Kant would call this unethical because he argued against any
       | philanthropic impetus towards lying. Of course he would also call
       | the misrepresentation by the students to be unethical.
       | 
       | Utilitarianism has trouble dealing with cheating because any
       | single act of cheating seems to cause benefits for the cheater
       | greater than the damage a single cheater does. Rule-based
       | utilitarianism attempts to resolve this by considering that if
       | too many people cheat, the negative outcomes to the school then
       | outweigh the sum of the individual advantages of those cheating
       | (particularly since any performative aspects of getting a high
       | grade go away when it becomes well known that many people cheated
       | to get those grades). Many people argue that rule-based
       | utilitarianism just devolves to utilitarianism since no two
       | situations are ever identical.
       | 
       | I never really quite grokked virtue ethics, but it seems to me
       | that if the professor is upright and is acting with the intent of
       | helping the students who didn't cheat (by raising their grade
       | relative to cheaters) then this would probably get a stamp of
       | approval.
       | 
       | Moral relativism would acknowledge that his actions will be
       | deemed immoral by his students (who just want to pass the class,
       | and feel attacked and deceived by this), but moral from the point
       | of view of a teacher who is required by their position to come up
       | with some form of practical assessment for a class of nearly 100
       | students.
        
         | mquander wrote:
         | > Utilitarianism has trouble dealing with cheating because any
         | single act of cheating seems to cause benefits for the cheater
         | greater than the damage a single cheater does.
         | 
         | It clearly doesn't? There's no sensible mechanism by which
         | someone cheating to get a higher grade will help them, except
         | by hurting someone else. The main dream of the cheater is to
         | get some kind of rewarding job later based on the strength of
         | their transcript, instead of some other guy who would otherwise
         | have been doing that job, and who (if you think the grades
         | prior to cheating had any usefulness at all) would most likely
         | have been better at the job.
         | 
         | It's hard to be able to predict in advance exactly who will be
         | harmed by any given act of cheating, but that isn't a problem
         | for utilitarianism.
        
           | aidenn0 wrote:
           | Unless the outcomes to all students involved are zero-sum,
           | it's not hard to have a model in which a single student
           | getting an artificially higher grade through some unfair
           | mechanism is a net utility gain. It was one of the arguments
           | specifically presented in my intro-to-ethics class (though it
           | was not cheating, it was a student asking their professor
           | (who was a utilitarian) to give them a slightly higher grade;
           | for pure utilitarianism the mechanism that results in
           | inflating the grade is irrelevant).
        
       | SilverBirch wrote:
       | > I ran a binomial analysis and found the likelihood that someone
       | whose answers matched on 19 out of the 45 planted questions had
       | about a 1:100 chance of doing so
       | 
       | This is just bad math. Take a question (A), there are 5 possible
       | answers, using his analysis the probability of a student picking
       | the same answer as the cheating answer is 1 in 5. But let's say
       | the question is hard, and of the 5 possible answers, 2 are highly
       | plausible, so plausible in fact that the students always go for 1
       | of the 2. Now, if the cheating answer is one of the plausible
       | answers the probability is low, but if it's one of the plausible
       | answers, then it's high. And more specifically, if the cheat
       | answer is correct - what's the probability the student got it
       | right? Well what you should be doing is take the other 55 non-
       | cheating answers, calculate the probaility of correctness and
       | then use _that_ as the probability. The  "1/100" threshold is
       | overwhelmingly determine by how he selected the answers on the
       | leaked answer sheet, and you can't say it just average out with
       | such a small sample.
       | 
       | Modelling the whole thing as random choosing is just sloppy
       | maths.
        
         | luma wrote:
         | > Most of these answers were not just wrong, but obviously
         | wrong to anyone who had paid attention in class.
         | 
         | Already accounted for per the article.
        
           | SilverBirch wrote:
           | No it's not, he says some of the answers were obviously
           | wrong, but he did the binomial analysis on 45 questions. If
           | you plant 45 answers in a 80 answer test and they're mostly
           | obviously wrong then the students who cheat are going to fail
           | either way, so it can't really be true that they were wrong.
           | And if the answers _were_ very obviously wrong then the
           | probability of choosing the wrong answer for each would be
           | much higher than assuming a 20% chance of matching the fake
           | answer. So the whole 1in 100 is highly questionable.
           | 
           | To put it another way, let's say he planted only wrong
           | answers, and we have an idiot student that always gets the
           | questions wrong. Now the probability of matching the planted
           | answer has clearly jumped, right?
           | 
           | On the flip side, if the planted answers are right, and in
           | general you expect your class to pick correct answers (ie,
           | they're going to pass) then the probability they pick the
           | same as the cheat answer could be as high as 90%
        
         | tgv wrote:
         | It isn't. "Most of these answers were not just wrong, but
         | obviously wrong", according to the teacher. The chances of
         | picking the worst possible answer is lower than 0.2. If the .01
         | threshold is fair? It isn't if you assume that someone tried to
         | pass the test by filling out the whole thing at random. If the
         | students tried to pass by choosing the correct answer, >= 19
         | obviously wrong answers out of 45 seems fair enough.
        
       | aqme28 wrote:
       | Is it cheating to study off of past exams? I really don't
       | understand the professor's perspective here.
        
         | ziml77 wrote:
         | To some extent yes. By studying the exams, you're learning how
         | to answer the test questions instead of actually understanding
         | the material.
         | 
         | And what is definitely cheating is to search for past exams
         | while you have the current exam in hand and start copying down
         | answers.
        
         | robochat wrote:
         | For all of my major exams in the UK, we were encouraged to
         | study by practising on old papers and my score would have been
         | abysmal if I hadn't. So not being allowed to look at past exams
         | feels strange to me too.
        
         | jjice wrote:
         | Unrelated to the details of this case, but my school had an
         | official, department associated organization/club called the
         | Society of Software Engineers that would run study sessions for
         | CS, SE, and related courses that the students would have to
         | take. They also took in old exams from students to create a
         | knowledge base that you could study against. The rule was that
         | you weren't allowed to leave the room.
         | 
         | It was an interesting grey spot since most professors were all
         | for using old exams to study, but some weren't (I don't think
         | they liked writing new exams every semester, but I wouldn't
         | either). Some would give threats for giving your exams to this
         | university recognized academic club, but they'd black out names
         | upon receiving them so there wouldn't be any proof that it was
         | you (at least easy proof).
         | 
         | It was an interesting case there but most staff were all for
         | it. Making that old data available to future students, but in a
         | more restricted way seemed fine to me, and it absolutely helped
         | me study, but I wonder what others would think of that
         | situation.
        
         | docdeek wrote:
         | I think there's a difference between looking at an old exam and
         | its answers, figuring out why each was right and wrong, and
         | learning from it, and just finding an exam online and using the
         | answer key as your answer in a test because you couldn't be
         | bothered learning.
        
           | strken wrote:
           | The interesting part here is that at least some of the
           | students might have _thought_ it was an old exam from the
           | same course, used it for studying, learned totally
           | nonsensical answers, and then gotten confused in the actual
           | final. Evidently not all of them straight-up copied the
           | answers, or they would have gotten much higher scores. This
           | is apparently still a violation of his institution 's
           | academic honesty policy, but there are interesting questions
           | about what happens if he e.g. poisoned one member of a study
           | group who went on to teach bullshit to the other members,
           | giving them a higher chance of picking the wrong answers and
           | putting them over the threshold without ever knowingly
           | cheating.
           | 
           | Of course this is irrelevant, as the p<0.01 test gives an up
           | to 62%[0] chance that someone in his class of 96 students
           | could be falsely accused of cheating, and is unethical in
           | itself. Apparently one student managed to be right on the
           | threshold, which the professor has chosen to interpret as
           | "the student possibly cheating" rather than "me possibly
           | ruining my student's academic life for no reason by choosing
           | a test with lots of false positives and applying it to a
           | class of 96 students".
           | 
           | [0] 1-(0.99^96), and though the real chance is probably a lot
           | lower if the questions are obviously wrong, it's still a
           | stupid threshold to choose
        
         | jpk2f2 wrote:
         | It is at the universities whose policies I'm familiar with,
         | yes. At both universities I have attended it was included in
         | the policy alongside all the typical cheating and plagiarism
         | rules.
        
       | cafard wrote:
       | I took a number of philosophy courses in college, and do not
       | remember ever seeing one with multiple-choice questions on an
       | exam. Although I deeply sympathize with those who do not wish to
       | read undergraduates' prose, still I think that this comes with
       | the instructor's job.
       | 
       | I think the instructor was wrong, as a matter of manners at
       | least, perhaps as a matter of responsibility. Suppose one of his
       | students suspected someone employed by a cleaning service, on no
       | particularly good grounds. What would he think of that student
       | leaving a $20 on a table under some papers, in the expectation
       | that it might be stolen?
        
       | Silhouette wrote:
       | Add me to the list of people who see nothing wrong with this. If
       | he didn't encourage or incentivise his students to cheat in any
       | way (and in fact actively warned them against it) then the idea
       | that this was some sort of entrapment is laughable.
       | 
       | The only room for ambiguity I can see is the arbitrary 1%
       | threshold. If there was a student just over the line then it's
       | plausible that they were honest but unlucky here. Given the
       | consequences of being tagged as a cheater both for this exam and
       | beyond I would want _much_ lower odds of a false positive and I
       | 'd certainly feel obliged to give a borderline case the benefit
       | of the doubt.
       | 
       | But if it was clearly understood that this kind of behaviour
       | constituted cheating and innocence is a billion to one shot?
       | Throw the book at them. Anything less is unfair to every student
       | who didn't cheat.
        
         | coffeefirst wrote:
         | Right. He's made this harder for himself than he needs it to
         | be.
         | 
         | The honeypot is fine. If it were me I'd warn the class that
         | I've seeded the internet with bullshit answer keys, and while
         | I'll never be able to prove you used one of them, you'll
         | probably fail if you do. And leave it at that.
         | 
         | Instead he's guessing a threshold, and can't _really_ be sure
         | if someone that insists they didn 't cheat is lying or not,
         | with high stakes. It's a bad situation for all involved.
        
       | booleandilemma wrote:
       | A teacher at my university was fired for failing students who
       | were caught cheating in an introductory CS class. The ones in
       | charge didn't like that he was causing a disturbance. They would
       | rather have had the cheaters get away with it. The system is
       | broken.
        
         | asoneth wrote:
         | > The system is broken.
         | 
         | That may be university-by-university thing. I briefly managed
         | an academic department at an old, highly-ranked university.
         | Professors regularly caught cheaters and there was never any
         | question that they would fail the course. The only question was
         | whether the incident was mild enough that they would be
         | permitted to try again next semester or severe enough to leave
         | the university.
         | 
         | The administration supported us 100% as this was seen as
         | essential to defending the value of the degree conferred on the
         | other students. Without some kind of standards we'd eventually
         | become just another degree mill.
         | 
         | What surprised me most was how many students who never finished
         | the degree (not just cheating -- some just got job offers and
         | decided not to stick around) still listed the degree on their
         | resume/CV. The problem is that many companies now call the
         | school to check as part of their hiring process, and the school
         | would inform them that they had enrolled but had not been
         | granted the degree. In retrospect I wish I had instituted a
         | policy of letting the ex-student know in those cases, because
         | I'm not sure if hiring companies tell them and I wonder how
         | many people think they're just unlucky or something.
        
           | beambot wrote:
           | Faked degrees happen all the time, sometimes in very
           | prominent circumstances. E.g.
           | 
           | > MIT Admissions Dean Resigns After Fake Degrees Come to
           | Light
           | 
           | https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2007/4/26/mit-
           | admissions-...
        
         | butterNaN wrote:
         | That is indeed some disproportionate reaction to just failing
         | some students in introductory CS class. (So much that I feel
         | there must be more to the story.)
         | 
         | > The system is broken
         | 
         | This is truer than it sounds. The very design of Examinations
         | itself is broken in most places. It shouldn't be _possible by
         | design_ to cheat in my opinion.
         | 
         | "Open-book" exams are harder to set, but I think the whole
         | cheating-prevention infrastructure is harder, costlier, and
         | pointless.
        
           | zvolsky wrote:
           | Our best computer networks teacher from secondary school
           | decided to leave following complaints from parents, who
           | believed that the tests were too difficult. As I remember,
           | about 3/4 of our class had a tough time. Honestly, the tests
           | weren't all that hard. I suspect there was some crowd effect
           | taking place, which resulted in people collectively giving
           | up. This turned out to be a significant blow to the standard
           | of our education. The subsequent teachers were neither as
           | knowledgeable, nor as effective in teaching the subjects.
        
           | okennedy wrote:
           | Even open book exams can be gamed. There are whole industries
           | set up around enabling in-exam communication (e.g. concealed
           | subvocal mics/headphones) and outsourcing schoolwork.
           | 
           | It is definitely possible to design assessments on which
           | cheating is difficult. For example, oral examinations or
           | personalized per-student projects or exams. The problem is
           | that this style of personalized assessment fundamentally does
           | not scale past a few dozen students in a classroom.
           | 
           | You want a classroom that small, it's going to cost you. Just
           | instructor salaries for would run each student 10-30k per
           | year, and that's before paying for infrastructure
           | (classrooms, tech, offices) and (admittedly not always
           | useful) administration.
        
             | butterNaN wrote:
             | > Even open book exams can be gamed
             | 
             | Of course, yes, nothing's perfect. But Open book exams are
             | far better bargain than what the most popular method of
             | exams is as of today.
        
               | warkdarrior wrote:
               | Would "open book" include access to Google search and to
               | ChatGPT?
        
             | OkayPhysicist wrote:
             | Smaller class sizes is definitely a huge boon for everybody
             | involved. I went to a mid-sized private uni, where a large
             | class size was maybe in the low 30 students range, and many
             | were closer to 10-15, and the experience was dramatically
             | better than my friends at other universities got.
             | Professors knew the vast majority of us by name, and had at
             | least an approximate idea of your grasp on the course
             | material.
             | 
             | Cheating was solved with a pretty straightforward approach:
             | don't make it trivial to cheat (re-using test questions,
             | question-bank multiple choice tests, etc) to keep the
             | honest students honest, then trust the students. If
             | someone's caught violating that trust, send them to the
             | business school. (I don't know what they did with cheaters
             | in the business school. I assume promote them)
        
         | denton-scratch wrote:
         | I once worked as a part-time visiting lecturer in CS.
         | 
         | I routinely got assignments handed-in that students had
         | evidently copied from one-another. More than half of the
         | students were handing in copied work. In at least one case,
         | they hadn't even botherd to change the name at the top. Usually
         | they had the sense to change variable- and function-names, but
         | not always.
         | 
         | As a newbie lecturer, I asked my colleagues what to do. They
         | said: "You can fail them. You'll be accused of racism (most of
         | the students were brown-skinned). They will appeal; you'll then
         | have to sit on exam boards through the summer, which is unpaid
         | for a visting P/T lecturer. There's a good chance the school
         | will overrule you, because these are paying overseas students."
         | 
         | "Or you can tell them that you've noticed the 'sharing' that's
         | been going on; that collaboration and sharing is encouraged,
         | but that they must never do it in marked assignments."
         | 
         | I adopted the latter course of action.
         | 
         | Being a part-time visiting lecturer is a crap job.
        
           | johnny99k wrote:
           | I remember when I was taking software development classes in
           | 2003/4, when I was finishing my computer science degree.
           | 
           | I helped a buddy of mine out on one of the projects by
           | basically writing it for him. I re-wrote my project in a
           | completely different style.
           | 
           | We both got 100%.
           | 
           | If you are going to cheat, do it right and actually show some
           | imagination and creativity.
        
             | ourmandave wrote:
             | Once AI starts grading papers you'll have to be more clever
             | than that.
             | 
             | Like re-code your project in another language and then back
             | again.
        
               | g_sch wrote:
               | The linked article and this entire discussion is
               | addressing the ethical issues that surround grading,
               | originality, and plagiarism. How is AI going to be able
               | to apply the "correct" ethical code when all of us can't
               | seem to agree?
        
           | sebzim4500 wrote:
           | Honestly if people are working together to do assignments
           | that's not the end of the world. IMO you probably learn more
           | doing it that way.
           | 
           | If people are selling answers that's a different story, but
           | that's what in person exams are for.
        
       | Aunche wrote:
       | I don't think the honeypot is necessarily unethical, but giving a
       | take-home multiple choice final exam for a philosophy course
       | seems like several levels of bad pedagogy.
        
         | denton-scratch wrote:
         | Agree. I don't know what a multiple-choice philosophy exam even
         | looks like. I did a Philosophy BA, and _all_ the exams and
         | assignments were essays. The non-exam assignments were all
         | discussed in seminars.
        
       | skizm wrote:
       | If things today are similar to they were ~10-15 years ago when I
       | was in college, deciding not to cheat was actually pretty tough.
       | So many people were cheating in every class I was in I felt like
       | I was handicapping myself by not also doing it. I had to actively
       | ignore obvious cheaters in a lot of situations since our honor
       | code indicated that if you saw it, and did not report it, you
       | could be in similar trouble, so I had to give myself plausible
       | deniability. Very stressful. I guess I could have tried just
       | burning it all down and reporting every instance I saw, but that
       | felt like inviting trouble and way more hassle than it was worth
       | to just keep my head down.
        
       | WesolyKubeczek wrote:
       | Kinda reminds me how Genius proved Google was scraping lyrics
       | from them.
       | 
       | Cannot find for the life of me what could be possibly unethical
       | about this. If anything, it's very, very educational.
        
         | contravariant wrote:
         | It's a decent exercise in ethics to point out what could be
         | unethical about it. If you only consider the goal (catching
         | cheaters) it's easy to convince yourself it can't possibly be
         | unethical, but you shouldn't disregard the methods.
         | 
         | - Publishing wrong answers to a previous exam could confuse
         | students who were simply looking up old exams to study.
         | 
         | - Identifying 'cheaters' as anyone who had a less than 1%
         | chance of arriving at the answers randomly. This is wrong for 2
         | reasons, one is that they aren't answering randomly the other
         | is that even assuming they are answering randomly you'd falsely
         | accuse at least 1 student of wrongdoing on average.
         | 
         | - Not sure if a teacher has a moral duty to make good tests,
         | but if they do then reusing multiple choice questions on a
         | complex topic like ethics isn't ideal.
        
           | WesolyKubeczek wrote:
           | > - Publishing wrong answers to a previous exam could confuse
           | students who were simply looking up old exams to study.
           | 
           | In any decent institution which does exams, an example exam
           | sheet with questions similar to what you're going to get, or
           | even one of actual old exams, is usually published for just
           | this purpose.
           | 
           | Sniffing around the sites the express (or commonly agreed
           | upon) purpose of which is enablement of cheating, on the
           | other hand, reveals the intent.
           | 
           | So, nope.
        
             | contravariant wrote:
             | The claim that Quizlet is solely designed for the purposes
             | of cheating is unfounded in my opinion. It doesn't look
             | like it at first glance anyway.
             | 
             | I'm not even sure what a website designed to enable
             | cheating would look like to be honest, but that's because I
             | have no expectation that I'd be able to access the internet
             | during an exam, and because I consider _any_ study of
             | related materials fair game before the exam begins. You 'd
             | have to get an answer sheet of the _actual_ exam up front
             | before I start to consider it iffy.
        
         | segh wrote:
         | Reminiscent of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trap_street
        
         | ziml77 wrote:
         | Also seems fine to me. I'm not even sure why anyone would be
         | defending the cheaters by making this out to be unethical.
        
       | Tangurena2 wrote:
       | From my experience working at a university (in the foreign
       | language department), I found a number of students who put a
       | large effort into "getting out of work". I was astonished at the
       | number who put more effort into avoiding work than it would have
       | taken to get an A.
       | 
       | If I were in this professor's case, I'd just mark the answers
       | wrong, and in the future upload more wrong answers. The students
       | who use these sorts of online dumps aren't the ones who study and
       | will beg at the end of the semester for some sort of extra-
       | credit. If it were necessary, perhaps have a second gradebook
       | where the number of "exactly the same wrong answer as the bait"
       | were kept.
        
         | frantathefranta wrote:
         | > From my experience working at a university (in the foreign
         | language department), I found a number of students who put a
         | large effort into "getting out of work". I was astonished at
         | the number who put more effort into avoiding work than it would
         | have taken to get an A.
         | 
         | It's funny when that happens, I used to do this in 7th or 8th
         | grade when we were doing home exercises in touch typing. All
         | the typing tasks were given from a textbook that was the same
         | for everyone in the country, for a few years at least. Over 2
         | years of classes, I had probably spent more time scouring the
         | internet for the solution rather than type it myself. The
         | search was however always more entertaining than the exercise
         | and taught me how to use the web. And I still learned how to
         | touch type.
        
           | tiberious726 wrote:
           | I was about the same age when I discovered my school's touch
           | typing program saved your results as a raw text file on a
           | shared drive---I didn't actually learn to type well until a
           | few years later
        
       | polytely wrote:
       | Honestly, it's kinda wild to me that the final(!) is just
       | multiple choice questions, and that it's similar enough to the
       | one last year that you can cheat by looking at previous exams?
       | That's just a badly designed course, feels like the students are
       | the ones getting scammed here...
       | 
       | I have done 2 ethics courses during my education at a Dutch
       | 'Hogeschool' (honestly not sure how this maps to US education
       | wikipedia says 'Vocational university'). I did a specific design
       | ethics course and a broader ethics course as part of a philosophy
       | minor, and in both of them you had to write papers or apply the
       | things you learned to a case study. There were some little tests
       | with multiple choice, but they often had additional questions
       | where you had to explain your reasoning.
       | 
       | Maybe there is a language difference here, but I would expect
       | something more involved from a course given by a professor at a
       | university, or is this a course for people who are in high school
       | or something.
        
         | pixl97 wrote:
         | Heh, and the professor is polluting the info space too... That
         | is if other parties are taking this fake test out of it's
         | multiple choice format and using the answers as data for other
         | sources. You know, in the same ways bots steal information from
         | recipes and mix them on pages to try to get ad hits. You start
         | building chains of misinformation based on unethical behavior.
        
       | neilv wrote:
       | > _who recently caught 40 of the 96 students [...] cheating_
       | 
       | That 40 is reported _suspected_ , by one individual. The same
       | individual claims that only 2/3 of those were admitted at time of
       | writing.
       | 
       | Also, suspicion was by only a 1:100 coincidence probability
       | standard of evidence, and by some imperfect metric. IMHO, that
       | threshold would be too low to "prove" guilt in such a potentially
       | serious matter (negative mark on student record, reputational
       | damage among college social and professional networking peers,
       | and potentially including suspension or expulsion).
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | masfuerte wrote:
         | He says that only one student was at roughly the hundred to one
         | level, so he thought that one might be honest. The rest were at
         | the billion to one level.
        
           | 6D794163636F756 wrote:
           | He also said that he is talking to others about what he
           | should do. It seems like he very sensibly is using this as a
           | starting point rather than accepting his work as the final
           | verdict
        
         | ajross wrote:
         | > Also, suspicion was by only a 1:100 coincidence probability
         | standard of evidence, and by some imperfect metric.
         | 
         | ...only? In a sample size of 96, what's the value in analysis
         | beyond that level?
         | 
         | No, this seems pretty solid to me. The math to do this is
         | routine freshman statistics stuff, something every practicing
         | scientist knows. The assumptions just require that wrong
         | answers be roughly evenly distributed across the choices (e.g.
         | you could construct a test where everyone who was wrong would
         | be led to choice C and rarely B or D, but that's a little
         | pathological; and regardless it's something that would be
         | evident in the data set and seems not to have been).
         | 
         | I mean, standards vary but I'll bet in most jurisdictions 100:1
         | odds count as "beyond a reasonable doubt" for jury instructions
         | in criminal trials. At the very least you'd bring the trial,
         | which is what happened here. If I know there's only a 1% chance
         | I'm wrong, it's absolutely valid for me to _accuse_ you of
         | cheating.
        
           | kmod wrote:
           | "1% false positive rate => 99% confidence about a positive
           | signal" is a really intuitive step to take, but you should be
           | careful because it turns out to be horribly wrong in general:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_rate_fallacy
           | 
           | (Perhaps not in this case but in general this can get you
           | into trouble)
           | 
           | Though personally I'd say that it's quite likely that the
           | p=0.01 threshold falsely flagged a non-cheater, which to me
           | says it is too lax.
        
           | robochat wrote:
           | Actually, I can't seem to get the maths to work. Isn't it
           | just the Binomial distribution? Each question has 5 options
           | so the probability of 'success' is 1/5 and so to get 19
           | questions 'specifically wrong' out of the 45 planted
           | questions by chance is just (1/5)*19 * (1-1/5)*26 *
           | 45!/(19!26!) = 1 in 2588 but in the article it is 1:100. What
           | am I doing wrong ?
        
           | sokoloff wrote:
           | > I'll bet in most jurisdictions 100:1 odds count as "beyond
           | a reasonable doubt" for jury instructions in criminal trials.
           | 
           | IANAL, but I sure hope that 100:1 chance, standing alone,
           | doesn't meet the bar for "beyond a reasonable doubt".
           | 
           | To me, a 1% chance of an accusation being false is
           | _definitionally_ "reasonable doubt".
        
             | Wowfunhappy wrote:
             | ...I have no idea where I heard this, but for some reason I
             | was under the impression "beyond a reasonable doubt" meant
             | ~95% confident. (Whereas "preponderance of evidence" meant
             | >50% confident.)
        
             | ajross wrote:
             | Per Wikipedia, the original framing is Blackstone's ratio
             | from the enlightenment, where he used 10:1. Real courts
             | don't put numbers on this, of course, but that's the
             | thinking that produced the philosophy. Basically: no, given
             | the level of innaccuracy we already know to be present, I
             | think it's very clear that a sincerely-believed 99%
             | confidence will send someone to jail pretty much anywhere
             | in the US.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasonable_doubt
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackstone%27s_ratio
        
           | neilv wrote:
           | The quoted sentence I objected to was the sloppy writing,
           | conflating of "suspected" with "caught". I think "caught"
           | would be read by most readers as implying guilt.
           | 
           | Suspected at 1:100, certainly. Quietly confronted and
           | questioned at 1:100, sure. Convicted at 1:100, absolutely
           | not.
           | 
           | I'm not sure this is the best analogy, but imagine that, for
           | every 100 people in society, 1 of them is wrongly convicted,
           | at random. Further imagine that this lottery happens
           | repeatedly, so that even more than 1 in 100 end up getting
           | hit. That sounds like a miserable society in which to live.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | Headline: "80 million people worldwide caught cheating"
             | just in the first round.
        
         | Aunche wrote:
         | The 1/100 chance is assuming that students choose all answers
         | with equal likelihood, but supposedly these answers were
         | obviously wrong. If the probability of accidentally choosing
         | the obvious wrong answer drops even by a few percent, that
         | would significantly decrease the likelihood of innocence.
        
       | rcfox wrote:
       | I'd argue that the unethical bit is knowingly publishing
       | incorrect information, especially in an educational setting. If
       | there's a chance that someone learned deliberately false
       | information that they will then attempt to apply in a practical
       | setting, then you're effectively sabotaging them. He did say that
       | it was obviously wrong if you had been paying attention, but what
       | if you missed a class or two?
        
       | wilg wrote:
       | In my opinion, teaching should not involve taking tests at all.
       | Students should be offered optional tests for self-assessment and
       | for professional certification. Otherwise, focus on teaching. I
       | see no real educational merit to it, and a lot of heartache for
       | teachers and students.
        
       | tgv wrote:
       | I'd rather avoid the question about ethics in this case. Is it
       | ethical to accept payment for teaching? Is it ethical to charge
       | as much for as (some of) US univerities do? Is it ethical to
       | devise a test in such a way that a number of students will
       | certainly fail? Is it ethical to prevent students from cheating?
       | You can bend the word just as long until it means something like
       | "might it cause any harm at all?"
       | 
       | But if you ask yourself: why do the students take this course,
       | you can think the reason is to learn something. If they want a
       | piece of paper that proves that, they can't cheat. If you
       | --cynically-- assume that students only take the course to get
       | their diploma with as little effort as possible, then cheating is
       | allowed.
       | 
       | As long as schools want to teach something, they should stay away
       | from online or take-home exams and essays. If they want something
       | else (and usually the motivator here is money), the value of
       | their education will drop.
        
       | neilv wrote:
       | > _in his online Introduction to Ethics course cheating on a
       | take-home final exam._
       | 
       | Sounds funny that an ethics class gets heavy cheating. But it
       | might be a required or elective course that students don't take
       | seriously, or it might be disproportionately Philosophy majors
       | (which major might get more than their share of frosh starting to
       | wield off-the-wall ethical rationalizations).
        
         | batch12 wrote:
         | > Sounds funny that an ethics class gets heavy cheating.
         | 
         | Good observation - got me thinking. I see lots of suggestions
         | here about requiring ethics training/classes for developers, so
         | it made me wonder-- can ethics be effectively trained into a
         | person predisposed to behave unethically if consequences for
         | the behavior don't exist?
         | 
         | Edited for clarity and moved under the right comment
        
           | denton-scratch wrote:
           | > can ethics be effectively trained into a person
           | 
           | Maybe. But that's not what an ethics class is for; it's for
           | learning _about_ ethics, it 's not for learning how to be
           | ethical.
        
           | neilv wrote:
           | One problem doing this for tech is that we've _normalized_ so
           | much bad behavior.
           | 
           | For example, go back 30 years, and make ordinary software
           | _spy on_ its users, or otherwise act against users '
           | interests, and I think you'd be seen as evil and possibly
           | criminal.
           | 
           | One promising thing, though, is that college students might
           | still be be more open to confronting issues of ethics and
           | morality. (Though often it's only "Revolutionaries till
           | graduation", because of sheltered circumstances or social
           | fashion.) But college is a bit late, and students are already
           | being driven to mercenary behavior by e.g., competition for
           | FAANG jobs (like I used to mainly hear about
           | desperate/ruthless behavior by some pre-meds). Ideally, we
           | teach better values from early age, including by example.
        
       | bawolff wrote:
       | So if they accessed the quizlet during the test it certainly
       | seems like cheating.
       | 
       | However if students were studying by rote memorization of
       | basically any resource they can get their hands on, then i could
       | see this happening without the students realizing that the
       | website had answers from the test (yes rote memorization is a bad
       | way to learn, but that never stopped undergrads). Like to what
       | level is a student expected to investigate the source of study
       | material?
        
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