[HN Gopher] A warmer planet, less nutritious plants and fewer gr...
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       A warmer planet, less nutritious plants and fewer grasshoppers?
        
       Author : dnetesn
       Score  : 38 points
       Date   : 2023-05-24 14:38 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (worldsensorium.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (worldsensorium.com)
        
       | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
       | > Scientists have also posited that when carbon dioxide is high,
       | plants are less efficient at taking up minerals and other
       | elements because the root molecules that normally pull in these
       | elements are acting at a lower capacity
       | 
       | Nutrient absorption is often mediated by fungi and bacteria in
       | the soil, it would be interesting to see a breakdown about how
       | sensitive they are to elevated CO2. If we find that the process
       | is bottlenecked by a certain soil organism, we might be able to
       | find ways to help.
        
       | tfourb wrote:
       | Turns out messing with the composition of the atmosphere has some
       | unexpected consequences ...
        
         | adamisom wrote:
         | Yep, for example: it'll be _better_ for a lot of agriculture -
         | unexpected indeed
        
           | it_citizen wrote:
           | If they still have enough water that is. Spain might have
           | some thoughts on that.
        
       | syngrog66 wrote:
       | My brain parsed that first as "less nutritious grasshoppers." Ew!
       | 
       | Speaking of the accelerating impacts of the carbon climate crisis
       | -- esp on ecosystems and the food supply -- I've been building an
       | educational comedy adventure game [SB: see below] (set about 80
       | years in the future) which makes several assumptions about the
       | food supply as a core premise. Assumptions not unlike those in
       | the films Mad Max or Idiocracy.
       | 
       | Namely that several new types of artificially grown/manufactured
       | food are created and promoted. Among them, a fictional slimy,
       | fruity white "slurm" drink and a mystery meat-like goo named
       | "glerm." Both or which smell and taste awful, of course, yet are
       | loaded with healthy nutrients and vitamins. Most importantly,
       | easy to mass produce and distribute, esp in a world with poisoned
       | soils and degraded logistical infrastructure.
       | 
       | ----
       | 
       | [SB] - https://synystrongames.itch.io/slartboz
        
       | Breadmaker wrote:
       | Leaf Brix maybe be a concern,if grasshoppers specific
       | preferences. https://joegardener.com/podcast/understanding-brix-
       | how-it-af...
        
       | globalreset wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | ravenstine wrote:
       | I suppose this means the Carboniferous Period must not have had
       | many insects.
        
         | JadeNB wrote:
         | It did--they were enormous.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Carboniferous_insects
        
       | alfor wrote:
       | Also: more food, more plants, less deserts, more carbon captured.
        
         | croes wrote:
         | How? Higher temperatures, less glaciers, more extreme weather,
         | dry lakes and rivers, more deserts.
         | 
         | It's a complex system and we don't know how it ends.
         | 
         | We could become food too for fungi and insects that spread
         | because of higher temperatures.
        
           | beerpls wrote:
           | The Earth has many systems which help maintain a balance.
           | It's happened many times in the past
           | 
           | Perhaps whatever is happening now is too extreme for it to do
           | that, but it seems unlikely. The ecosystems of the planet
           | share many deep symbioses
           | 
           | I know i'll be downvoted, and i'm expecting no one will
           | actually address what i've said while doing it. There's no
           | real conservation in this topic anymore.
        
             | 6LLvveMx2koXfwn wrote:
             | Nice Freudian slip!
        
             | croes wrote:
             | But in the past we weren't 8 billion people who travel
             | around the world.
             | 
             | Pretty large food base for a more temperature adapted
             | predator, especially the tiny ones we don't see.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | This seems questionable on several grounds.
       | 
       | (1) Greenhouse growers often raise CO2 levels to ~1000 ppm to
       | optimize growth (note this only works because all other nutrients
       | are supplied at ideal levels to sustain growth, however). These
       | crops are not known to be nutritionally deficient and I'm pretty
       | sure we'd have heard about it if they were.
       | 
       | (2) Plants have a relatively stable ratio of nutrient
       | requirements, with CHOPKNS CaFe Mg (mighty good) being an easy-
       | to-remember acronym. We might be moving to a scenario in which
       | CO2 is rarely if ever the limiting nutrient, however. Note also
       | certain plants (C4 metabolism) have built-in CO2 concentration
       | mechanisms, so rising CO2 might help C3 plants compete
       | effectively. See:
       | 
       | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14757584/
       | 
       | "Terrestrial plants require nutrients in similar proportions"
       | (2004)
       | 
       | It's more probable that there's a bit of a CO2 fertilization
       | effect, so you get a slight increase in carbon fixation while
       | nutrient uptake remains stable, which isn t really a 'decline' as
       | we'd normally think of it. Basically you'd get a bit more
       | cellulose and carbohydrate formation, but each cell still needs
       | its normal amount of N, P, K etc. to sustain protein and DNA
       | metabolism etc.
       | 
       | Incidentally, the decline in insect populations mentioned in the
       | article is largely attributable to extensive use of broad-
       | spectrum insecticides, in particular the neonicotinoids, which
       | are organic compounds based on the nicotine molecule with various
       | additions (chlorine, etc.) to make them more persistent and
       | toxic, and which were introduced in the 1980s.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonicotinoid
        
       | Eric_WVGG wrote:
       | a while back (too long to recall the sources), I was reading
       | about extinctions and thinking, "well, _something_ or other is
       | going to thrive under these changing conditions. "
       | 
       | Turns out that the biggest winners of climate change are likely
       | to be spiders and jellyfish. Great time to be an octopod.
        
       | chrisco255 wrote:
       | No, plants are not less nutritious as a result of CO2
       | fertilization. As CO2 doubles overall plant yield increases and a
       | single digit percentage shift in macro nutrient profile occurs.
       | From [1],
       | 
       | Elevated CO2 increased Cu, Fe, and Zn, but lowered Mn
       | concentration in grass leaves. Tree leaf responses were strongly
       | related to N status: CO2 significantly decreased Cu, Fe, Mg, and
       | S at high N, but only Fe at low N. Elevated CO2 decreased Mg and
       | Zn in crop leaves grown with high N, and Mn at low N. Nutrient
       | concentrations in crop roots were not affected by CO2 enrichment,
       | but CO2decreasedCa,K,MgandPintree roots. Crop seeds had lower S
       | under elevated CO2.We also tested the validity of a ''dilution
       | model.'' CO2 reduced the concentration of plant nutrients 6.6%
       | across nutrients and plant groups, but the reduction is less than
       | expected (18.4%) from carbohydrate accumulation alone.
       | 
       | A lot of gnashing of teeth over an at most 7% shift in nutrient
       | profile (and it takes a doubling to observe this) while a
       | significant double digit percentage increase in crop yield is
       | observed, making more food available for consumption.
       | 
       | https://ecoss.nau.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Duval-et-al...
        
         | fsn4dN69ey wrote:
         | just fyi this paper was retracted for glaring data errors
         | 
         | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11258-015-0541-1
        
         | mrguyorama wrote:
         | Why does this matter when food scarcity has never been the
         | problem? Americans throw away a huge portion of the food they
         | buy.
        
           | jxramos wrote:
           | since California made this compost rule I visually see how
           | much food waste there is, a lot being unedible for sure.
           | However there sure is a lot when you see it all in one place
           | concentrated in a bucket.
           | 
           | It would be neat to convert it to other things like chickens
           | and larger insects beyond the fruit and house flies and
           | occasional soldier flies that pop up.
        
             | maffydub wrote:
             | Agreed. We compost fruit and vegetable waste in our garden,
             | but it is scary how much other food waste (as well as meat
             | and fish bones goes in our "blue bin" for external
             | composting.
             | 
             | Entocycle (https://entocycle.com/) is one startup looking
             | at this - using black soldier flies to convert food waste
             | into high-protein animal food. (I'm not affiliated, but I
             | think it's a neat idea!)
        
               | jxramos wrote:
               | awesome stuff, I love this line
               | 
               | > Secure protein supply while valorising organic waste
               | streams.
        
           | alfor wrote:
           | More plant grow more CO2 captured. It's a natural
           | stabilisation cycle and a positive side effect. But we
           | shouldn't talk about it because we should be so so afraid all
           | the time of the green apocalypse.
        
             | stouset wrote:
             | More CO2 captured is meaningless if that CO2 is shortly
             | released as the dead plant decays.
        
               | slibhb wrote:
               | It's not meaningless if there's consistently more plant
               | biomass (which there is, see
               | https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2016/carbon-dioxide-
               | fer...).
               | 
               | Leaving aside its magnitude, it seems clear that CO2 ->
               | more plants is a negative feedback loop.
        
               | stouset wrote:
               | The amount of living plant biomass is _trivial_ compared
               | to the amount of excess carbon we're putting into the
               | atmosphere.
               | 
               | Consider that we're unearthing _millions of years_ worth
               | of sequestered carbon. The planet could be covered pole
               | to pole in lush forest and it wouldn't account for what
               | we burn today.
               | 
               | The only realistic answer here is permanent sequestration
               | by e.g., repeatedly growing and burying entire forests'
               | worth of dead trees.
        
               | slibhb wrote:
               | Google says that about 25% of global CO2 emissions are
               | captured by plants. That's not trivial.
        
               | 11235813213455 wrote:
               | but you eat a part of that plant, which itself grew by
               | capturing carbon, but then you poop and breath out CO2.
               | Yea in reality CO2 just keeps increasing until we stop
               | extracting hydrocarbures
        
             | mrguyorama wrote:
             | Food crops do not sequester carbon. They will either be
             | eaten and exhaled as CO2, or decompose into CO2. Unless you
             | have a link to someone planning on growing fields of corn
             | just to bury it in an anaerobic environment?
        
               | bequanna wrote:
               | Trees have entered the chat.
               | 
               | Living trees will grow faster and harvested lumber
               | successfully sequesters carbon indefinitely.
               | 
               | Even crops we consume have non-negligible amounts of
               | carbon sequestered in soil as they decompose.
        
             | croes wrote:
             | This natural stabilisation cycle leads to a different flora
             | and fauna, some species adapt, some don't and go extinct.
             | 
             | So life as such isn't in danger but life as we know it,
             | because we could be the one to go extinct.
             | 
             | Just look how it seems that fungus adapt to higher
             | temperatures so they now survive in humans too.
        
               | monero-xmr wrote:
               | Nothing is static in nature. We were in an ice age a
               | blink-of-an-eye ago in geologic terms. Animals migrate.
               | Something may or may not be caused by a warming
               | temperature, but immediately assuming all changes are
               | caused by co2, or that all changes are inherently bad, is
               | an unnatural understanding of natural processes.
        
               | notfish wrote:
               | 1. "Climate scientists are claiming that all changes from
               | climate change will be bad!" is quite the strawman. No
               | scientist really believes this, but almost all agree that
               | the average change will be very bad for humans.
               | 
               | 2. Climate change does not mean "increasing CO2". It
               | means changes in global climate as a result of human
               | activity - things like dumping waste in the ocean count
               | too. CO2 isn't causing the Anthropocene, Humans are.
               | 
               | 3. Arguing in poor faith against climate change because
               | the idea of global catastrophes scares you is a poor
               | evolutionary strategy and you should reconsider your
               | outlook.
        
           | riku_iki wrote:
           | > when food scarcity has never been the problem?
           | 
           | food scarcity in America is not a problem. Then you have
           | logistical challenge to transfer this food to other region
           | and efficiently distribute it. Then you have financial
           | problem who will pay for all of this.
        
           | saiya-jin wrote:
           | Tell it to all those millions of malnourished children all
           | over the world, being stripped of their future and adult
           | lives as we discuss this. Even if we ignore those dying from
           | hunger outright. Seriously?!?
        
             | bequanna wrote:
             | What proof do you have that this is true?
             | 
             | What persistent global shortages currently exist strictly
             | because of climate change and are not related to the
             | Ukraine war or COVID?
        
         | AstralStorm wrote:
         | The double digits yield increase only happens if water is
         | available. Unfortunately climate change makes droughts,
         | freezes, hurricanes and other freak weather events much more
         | likely, actually resulting in huge reduction in productivity.
         | 
         | Especially droughts. Some parts of USA are already feeling the
         | water squeeze, and it's just the beginning...
        
           | bequanna wrote:
           | What the parent states is backed by solid research.
           | 
           | Your argument is pure speculation trying to disqualify their
           | remarks by moving the goalposts.
        
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