[HN Gopher] iPhone maker Wistron quits, saying Apple didn't let ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       iPhone maker Wistron quits, saying Apple didn't let it make a
       profit
        
       Author : ksec
       Score  : 152 points
       Date   : 2023-05-22 16:23 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (9to5mac.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (9to5mac.com)
        
       | dirtyid wrote:
       | Not just Apple manufacturing, seems like they're divesting from
       | India in general after 10 years, also killing their plans to make
       | laptops and EV components. My understanding is they were barely
       | making money throughout their time in India. Wonder if Tata
       | takeover of iphone assembly going to do better? Kind of expected
       | outcome for TWnese companies known to treat their labourers like
       | shit and India gov unable to manage their population from
       | breaking things after being treated like shit. Which has caused
       | problems for more than just Wistron. Yes it's good workers
       | standing up for themselves, but smart thing is to do that after
       | you've proven indispensible, otherwise reinforces India being
       | difficult place to do business in.
        
         | alephnerd wrote:
         | Winstron's divestment to Tata was honestly a good move.
         | 
         | A big reason Foxconn, Winstron, and other
         | Taiwanese/Malaysian/Singaporean assemblers were able to succeed
         | in Mainland China was due to cultural competency within the
         | existing Chinese diaspora (eg. knowing how to communicate to
         | who, how to manage workers, etc).
         | 
         | Foxconn, Winstron, and co would just straight up have
         | Taiwanese/Malaysian/Singaporean/Thai Chinese move to Mainland
         | China (in reality mostly Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang due to
         | cultural and familial connections plus the easy commute from
         | Hong Kong or Shanghai) to help manage operations.
         | 
         | Taiwanese companies don't have that kind of advantage within
         | South Asia. At that point, it makes sense just to work directly
         | with Indian conglomerates like Tata, who already have in house
         | domain experience manufacturing everything due to India's
         | Chaebol-esque corporate culture, or Japanese+Korean companies
         | that are open to training from scratch.
         | 
         | I've seen first hand how South Korean and Japanese companies
         | managed their assembly plants in my dad's village in India
         | (they manfuacture the electronics and computers for Wind
         | Turbines) and it was a night and day difference to a similar
         | attempted Taiwanese operation there.
         | 
         | The difference was SK+JP companies would actually try to hire
         | management locally, and if there wasn't anyone qualified, then
         | invest in actually training from scratch, or alternatively,
         | make a partnership with an existing company in India to help
         | manage the local operation.
         | 
         | Meanwhile, the attempted Taiwanese operation underbid severely,
         | saw significant timeline overruns, tried to manage everything
         | in-house, and the project was eventually scrapped and given to
         | a private sector South Korean-Indian consortium. There was also
         | a bit of corruption/malfeasance with the Taiwanese operation
         | which pissed people off in the district.
         | 
         | All this happened in the 2009-2012 timeframe
        
           | dirtyid wrote:
           | I rememeber in 90s, local mid-level managers who worked for
           | MNC in PRC tend to like their SKR bosses and frequently hated
           | TW bosses simply because cultural overlap allowed them to
           | push harder. With SKR they could at least feign ignorance
           | with language barrier but TBH still got their work done. I
           | can imagine shitshow of having language barrier and still not
           | meeting KPIs because they're not cross culture competent.
           | 
           | Anyway Tata feels like a good fit, always felt like matter of
           | time before audit/tax or political shenanigans drive foreign
           | electronics assemblers out and eventually consolidate under
           | India champions. Still seems a little premature, but I
           | remember numbers last year that 2500/12000 registered
           | forreign companies closed Indian operations since mid 10s, so
           | maybe it's time for India chaebols to take over.
        
             | alephnerd wrote:
             | > worked for MNC in PRC tend to like their SKR bosses and
             | frequently hated TW bosses simply because cultural overlap
             | allowed them to push harder. With SKR they could at least
             | feign ignorance with language barrier but TBH still got
             | their work done
             | 
             | Haha yep, I've heard similar stories in Vietnam as well.
             | Idk why but Taiwanese/Malaysian/Singaporean management
             | culture is absolutely atrocious compared to Japanese+SK
             | management culture. All of them share equally shitty work
             | cultures, but at least the Japanese+SK ones actually tried
             | to train people from scratch. I really don't know why
             | Taiwanese/Malaysian/Singaporean companies don't do that as
             | well.
             | 
             | > always felt like matter of time before audit/tax or
             | political shenanigans drive foreign electronics assemblers
             | out and eventually consolidate under India champions
             | 
             | Ehn, India's a federal system so financial+political
             | shenanigans are highly dependent on the state's political
             | and business culture.
             | 
             | It's the same in PRC ofc, with the administration in
             | Guangdong/Zhejiang/Fujian being much more competent than
             | the administration in Yunnan, Hunan, or Hubei.
             | 
             | That said, knowing about these intricacies requires
             | cultural domain experience, which can only be acquired by
             | training+hiring locally, or working with local players.
             | 
             | > I remember numbers last year that 2500/12000 registered
             | forreign companies closed Indian operations since mid 10s,
             | so maybe it's time for India chaebols to take over
             | 
             | I'd be curious about the breakdown by nationality.
             | 
             | After the Doklam standoff in 2017, Indian Federal
             | Regulators began cracking down on Chinese FDI severely
             | (which before 2018 was one of the largest FDI inflows India
             | received), which lead those firms to divest their
             | operations to Indian, Korean, Taiwanese or Japanese
             | corporations.
             | 
             | For example, Xiaomi India's operation was originally run
             | from Mainland China itself, but they were forced to sell
             | their India operation to a Taiwanese-Indian consortium, so
             | the only Chinese thing left of Xiaomi India is just the
             | name.
        
       | mise_en_place wrote:
       | Interestingly, it seems first mover advantage backfired on this
       | company. Due to lack of margins and vendor lock in.
        
       | ShadowBanThis01 wrote:
       | Does relying on Chinese companies in India really accomplish the
       | goal of independence from China? If there's some kind of
       | political conflict, isn't it likely that China can shut those
       | down using leverage at home?
        
         | huyage wrote:
         | Isn't wistron literally a taiwanese company?
        
       | thr0waway001 wrote:
       | I guess that's how you get to be a trillion dollar company.
        
       | TradingPlaces wrote:
       | Foxconn somehow made $137m profit in the past 12m.
        
         | xxs wrote:
         | You mean by installing the suicidal protection net, Foxconn
         | barely makes it? Foxconn has 1m3 employees. If they made just
         | 137m in profit - that's just $8 profit per employee a month.
        
           | AYBABTME wrote:
           | "just" 8$ per employee/m versus which similar industry's
           | standard?
        
             | draw_down wrote:
             | [dead]
        
       | yalogin wrote:
       | Didn't they also have some issues with payments and working
       | conditions for their factory employees?
        
         | gwbas1c wrote:
         | From TFA:
         | 
         | > Back in 2020, there was a major riot at its Bangalore plant
         | over underpaid wages, with millions of dollars' worth of damage
         | done. Both the Indian government and Apple investigated, and
         | both found that Wistron was indeed guilty of serious labor law
         | violations, including underpayment of its workers.
        
         | jasmer wrote:
         | Yes, that's how Apple outsources those unsavory problems.
        
         | cowsup wrote:
         | Correct. Story seems to be, Wistron was screwing over employees
         | to save costs, and used those low-costs to secure a deal with
         | Apple. Then they got caught by the government, and now have to
         | play by the rules. Because of this, they asked Apple for more
         | money, and Apple said no. So now the deal is done.
         | 
         | The deal really shouldn't have happened in the first place, had
         | Wistron played fair from day one.
        
           | elcritch wrote:
           | Pretty sure Apple is partly guilty as well. I really doubt
           | they didn't know exactly how Wistron was bidding so low.
        
             | karamanolev wrote:
             | They might have suspected, but I doubt they formally knew.
             | I would guess it was a type of "don't tell me, I don't want
             | to know, plausible deniability and all".
        
               | capableweb wrote:
               | > I would guess it was a type of "don't tell me, I don't
               | want to know, plausible deniability and all".
               | 
               | Imagine something like due diligence laws for making
               | business contracts, so you can't really blame plausible
               | deniability anymore.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | That's the core idea behind the EU's supply chain laws.
               | No matter what, anyone on the upper levels can get busted
               | - it's a massive incentive for everyone to make sure
               | their supply chain is not skirting around or openly
               | sharting on laws. And it's also an incentive to not look
               | the other way when you _know_ that a vendor 's bid is
               | very very low.
        
               | jbverschoor wrote:
               | They probably didn't tell bc they wouldn't get the deal.
               | 
               | Simple story. Just some more Apple bashing like always.
        
               | jrockway wrote:
               | I would assume that Apple looked into it a little bit. US
               | companies can get in trouble if their contractors abroad
               | use slave labor, buy parts from the wrong country, or
               | divert part of the contract to use as bribes. So I doubt
               | this is a case where everyone at Apple laughed about how
               | it was too good to be true, CC'd the lawyers, and the
               | lawyers wrote back "yeah hahah".
               | 
               | At the end of the day, you can't always find everything
               | even if you try really hard.
        
               | Dah00n wrote:
               | You can make it yourself if it is important enough.
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | Only suckers formally know _anything_.
        
               | paulryanrogers wrote:
               | There be dragons.
               | 
               | Better a high trust society with some checks and balances
               | than one ruled by "don't write down anything" sociopaths.
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | Which one do you think you currently live in?
        
               | genr8 wrote:
               | tell that to the lawyers who make a living defending
               | corporations and putting up legal firewalls of plausible
               | deniability
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | If only incompetence was a crime.
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | To be clear, I don't like how it is. But if corporations
               | have a personality, they either verge on or go full hog
               | on sociopathic. Any corporate lawyer will tell management
               | to not write down potentially incriminating.
               | 
               | The better among corporations actually try to do the
               | right thing, most of the time. But of course, if there's
               | some kind of incident, there's still a lockdown
               | mentality.
        
           | phone8675309 wrote:
           | This sounds like a case of Apple not doing due diligence on
           | their subcontractors.
        
       | genr8 wrote:
       | a similar situation just happened between Nvidia and EVGA. NVidia
       | makes the chips, And So, holds all the bargaining chips so to
       | speak, and EVGA is just the board partner that has to find some
       | way to make the price work. At some point it becomes impossible
       | and they have to actually walk away in order to not be taken
       | advantage of. We know this much, and I'm going to assume the
       | situation was similar here with Apple and Wistron.
        
         | kitsunesoba wrote:
         | I think the Nvidia/EVGA situation might be a little different
         | in that it looks like Nvidia is intentionally trying to squeeze
         | out board partners like EVGA in favor of self-branded cards.
         | The closer parallel is probably when Apple killed the Mac clone
         | program by making it extremely difficult for clone makers to
         | compete.
        
       | mannyv wrote:
       | "We didn't understand our costs, so we underbid and now are
       | blaming Apple." - Wistron
        
         | kitsunesoba wrote:
         | It does seem likely that this is a case of a bit of column A, a
         | bit of column B.
         | 
         | Apple very well may have unrealistic demands, but I believe
         | it's also likely that Wistron may not have dealt with the level
         | of QC, precision, and consistency that is expected of Apple
         | products and based their estimates on experiences of working
         | with more typical hardware companies.
        
           | dfox wrote:
           | Wistron is large part of the reason why IBM/Lenovo ThinkPads
           | are regarded as some kind of etalon of quality and
           | repairability. I assume that most of the issue there is
           | misunderstanding of how to run a factory in India and how is
           | that different from both Far East and Europe.
        
         | draw_down wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | s1mon wrote:
         | Yes, that's certainly a valid reaction, and is likely partially
         | true. It's also true that Apple is very well known for very
         | hard negotiation and squeezing their suppliers until there's
         | only a few percent margin. You'd have to be insanely good at
         | controlling all of your costs to make money all the time under
         | that constraint. If yields change or component/material prices
         | fluctuate the wrong way any predicted profit could disappear.
         | 
         | Apple also pays suppliers on net 90. With inflation the way
         | it's been, any miscalculation there will sink things. Not all
         | suppliers know how to be banks too. Considering how much cash
         | Apple has, this is really reprehensible.
         | 
         | As a supplier to Apple, the gross numbers are so seductive
         | since they are larger than just about anything else, but the
         | net numbers are orders of magnitude less.
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | > _You 'd have to be insanely good at controlling all of your
           | costs to make money all the time_
           | 
           | But to be fair, that's what hardware manufacturers are
           | _supposed_ to be good at.
           | 
           | The whole point is that the ones who are good at it make
           | money, the ones who aren't go out of business. That's
           | capitalism in a nutshell at every level, and manufacturing
           | _especially_.
        
           | CharlesW wrote:
           | > _It 's also true that Apple is very well known for very
           | hard negotiation..._
           | 
           | No successful company is over-paying suppliers.
        
             | Centigonal wrote:
             | There's a difference between over-paying suppliers and
             | being literally the best in the world at squeezing
             | suppliers, which Apple is IMO.
             | 
             | You can argue (and I will argue) that Apple's skill at
             | squeezing their suppliers while still maintaining reliable
             | supply chains is a huge part of why they're the biggest
             | company in the world (and also why Tim Cook and not Scott
             | Forstall or Jony Ive succeeded Jobs). That squeezing has
             | real human costs, which Apple is insulated from.
             | 
             | They've outsourced the majority of their labor (and related
             | liability) to a global cadre of high-volume, low margin
             | suppliers, while capturing most of the value created by
             | that labor by owning the Apple brand and maintaining tight
             | control of information, resulting in an asymmetric
             | risk/reward profile for Apple inc.
        
               | mistrial9 wrote:
               | "those who do business with Dell, go out of business"
        
               | mistrial9 wrote:
               | I fail to understand the negative votes (above), Dell did
               | and does exactly what is attributed to Walmart and others
               | in this thread. It is known among manufacturers but held
               | in secrecy like so much in that business. Source:
               | multiple years in used computer industry in California
        
             | throwaway09223 wrote:
             | Successful companies overpay suppliers all the time -
             | especially if they're growing very fast and are focused on
             | scaling growth over cost efficiencies.
             | 
             | Large companies who've already scaled up their products are
             | more incentivized to focus on cost cutting.
        
               | geodel wrote:
               | Send this list of overpayers to Wistron. Please help them
               | make some money.
        
             | smoldesu wrote:
             | > No successful company is over-paying suppliers.
             | 
             | If Apple did not over-pay their suppliers, the M1 would not
             | have been manufactured on the 5nm node.
        
               | spiderice wrote:
               | That isn't over-paying. That's paying what they need to
               | get the best. Unless you have some evidence that they
               | paid X for 5nm when they could have paid less.
        
           | lesuorac wrote:
           | > Apple also pays suppliers on net 90.
           | 
           | I've always been surprised at how much of the business world
           | runs on credit. You hear stories about how payments have been
           | months-years delayed (or never show up).
           | 
           | I'd like to think if somebody got more than 100days behind
           | I'd cut them off from the next shipment but never been in
           | that spot.
        
             | ekidd wrote:
             | Apparently, one of the reasons that RedHat survived the
             | dotcom crash was that they were absolutely merciless about
             | companies that didn't pay on time for RedHat's
             | engineering/consulting services.
             | 
             | I recall someone who had several on-site RedHat engineers
             | at his company, doing some kind of Linux work. The company
             | missed one Friday payment to RedHat. Every single RedHat
             | engineer was gone the following Monday, never to return.
        
               | AYBABTME wrote:
               | Any source? Looks like a very interesting story, would
               | love to read more.
        
           | coredog64 wrote:
           | The way that China has handled this is that they view those
           | razor thin margins as an opportunity to move up the value
           | chain. 1) Foxconn opens an assembly plant 2) Supporting
           | infrastructure is backfilled into the area 3) There's now a
           | geographic industrial concentration that can support domestic
           | electronic designers
        
           | halJordan wrote:
           | It's good to know the full story, but it's reprehensible? I
           | don't want to cast stones but a really easy connection to
           | make is that wistron took the contact knowing they could only
           | "be profitable" by not paying their labor. So I'm supposed to
           | hate Apple for doing what a business is supposed to do (and
           | frankly being excellent at it). And I'm supposed to champion
           | Wistron for what they did? That's reprehensible if we're
           | throwing the term around.
        
         | bdidbdidhdidh wrote:
         | you really think apple gives a detailed build instruction on
         | the bid war moment?
         | 
         | it probably is a room full of parts and to win you have to
         | commit to the non present parts too.
         | 
         | just like fashion production bids btw
        
         | jalk wrote:
         | Or perhaps even more damning (as the article also mentions):
         | "We expected to get away with paying our workers lower than the
         | legal minimum"
        
       | mouzogu wrote:
       | https://nypost.com/2020/12/15/riots-at-apple-plant-in-india-...
       | 
       | this is what apple does. they use their clout, then they turn
       | their back and play ignorant whilst placing unrealistic demands
       | on the subcontractors who then place those demand on the labour.
       | 
       | from: https://www.macrumors.com/2023/02/14/only-half-of-indian-
       | iph...
       | 
       | > "Apple engineers told that Chinese iPhone suppliers and
       | government officials have a "whatever it takes" approach to win
       | iPhone orders, work was often completed weeks ahead of schedule
       | at "inexplicable speed". In India, [we] are not running at this
       | pace. "There just isn't a sense of urgency," one Apple engineer
       | remarked."
       | 
       | Remember, this is a $3 trillion company, with resources greater
       | than most countries. A company built on tight control of
       | information. If you see lots of positive or misdrecting comments,
       | it's not necessarily a coincidence (imo).
        
         | petre wrote:
         | > "There just isn't a sense of urgency," one Apple engineer
         | remarked."
         | 
         | Apple meets India, nothing new. They'll just have to adapt.
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/BTd-PWYQy4Y
        
           | wincy wrote:
           | As an aside, it's ridiculous that video got flagged as a
           | video for kids and suggests downloading the YouTube Kids app.
        
             | gowld wrote:
             | It's a pirated video (but the original channel seems to be
             | missing that video https://youtube.com/@selfhelpsingh)
        
             | afro88 wrote:
             | And there's no way to give feedback that it's been
             | miscategorised
        
               | atorodius wrote:
               | FWIW I think the uploader sets this flag, not some
               | algorithm.
        
               | TazeTSchnitzel wrote:
               | It's not that simple, YouTube itself can also set it, and
               | I'm not sure how that works, maybe it's algorithmic.
               | Sometimes it's done manually.
        
         | reaperman wrote:
         | This is the same playbook the auto industry has followed for
         | the past 50 years or so.
        
         | ralph84 wrote:
         | > this is what apple does
         | 
         | This is what globalism does. Take the environmental destruction
         | and shitty working conditions that would never be allowed in
         | your own country to other countries and centralize the profits
         | from doing so into the hands of a few.
        
           | nervlord wrote:
           | [dead]
        
           | slg wrote:
           | This is what capitalism does. Crossing borders might make
           | things easier because laws and the cost of doing business
           | will vary, but using your power to squeeze every cent you
           | possibly can out of your business partners is a function of
           | capitalism and not globalism.
        
           | b59831 wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
         | ly3xqhl8g9 wrote:
         | At least our current surface finishing technology has advanced
         | so we no longer see the kid sized hand prints [1]. "Apple's
         | cobalt batteries are built on the backs of child labor in
         | mines, causing severe physical harm to children and violating
         | international standards of human rights." [2] Their PR: "Apple
         | will use 100 percent recycled cobalt in batteries by 2025" [3].
         | 
         | [1] Kid sized hand prints on old victorian roof tiles,
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/interestingasfuck/comments/13oser2/...
         | 
         | [2] 2022, Child Labor and the Human Rights Violations Embedded
         | in Producing Technology,
         | https://www.culawreview.org/journal/child-labor-and-the-huma...
         | 
         | [3] https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2023/04/apple-will-
         | use-100-pe...
        
           | crooked-v wrote:
           | You seem to be assuming that 3 is a lie, but I'm pretty sure
           | someone would notice if Apple wasn't actually changing the
           | sources of their rare earths.
        
             | avmich wrote:
             | Cobalt is not a rare earth. Changing sources happens
             | gradually, mostly not overnight.
        
             | beambot wrote:
             | Tracing the source of materials is very non-trivial. Even
             | diamonds, where UUIDs are commonplace, still have to manage
             | the influx of blood diamonds into the global supply chain.
        
             | ly3xqhl8g9 wrote:
             | PR means Public Relations and I meant nothing more than the
             | fact that it is an Apple official response. Certainly says
             | something about our times when you directly expect PR to be
             | lies.
             | 
             | They might just as well change their sources now, or after
             | 2025. The trillions are already in their banks; the
             | children that mined until now are dead or close to; we, the
             | consuming public, have been compromised because we like
             | shiny toys (I own quite a few Apple products, at least a
             | dozen children, they are so frail, must have been murdered
             | to manufacture them); all is great. All that's left is to
             | think of a truly unimaginable science fiction story: a
             | $2.7+ trillion company is found guilty for the death of one
             | single child and the company is dissolved.
        
         | phone8675309 wrote:
         | They're using the Walmart playbook
        
           | cptskippy wrote:
           | The book The United States of Wal-Mart by John Dicker laid
           | this all out pretty clearly nearly 20 years ago.
           | 
           | * corrected spelling the author's name.
           | 
           | **https://www.amazon.com/United-States-Wal-Mart-John-
           | Dicker/dp...
        
             | m463 wrote:
             | also another story: https://www.fastcompany.com/47593/wal-
             | mart-you-dont-know-2
        
             | nell wrote:
             | Does this book really exist? Google search on Amazon shows
             | no results for this.
        
               | no_wizard wrote:
               | Appears the author's last name was a typo. Its John
               | Dicker[0] not Decker
               | 
               | [0]: https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/312990
        
               | cptskippy wrote:
               | I miss spelled the author's last name but the result
               | still shows up:
               | 
               | https://www.amazon.com/United-States-Wal-Mart-John-
               | Dicker/dp...
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
           | Some context may be needed. Walmart is known in MBA circles
           | for being one of the first companies to have used detailed
           | data on products to negotiate new terms with suppliers (
           | usually to suppliers detriment ). Information asymmetry with
           | main goal to increase a chance for an increased leverage is
           | what it is all about.
        
             | ska wrote:
             | I suspect the information asymmetry is as big a factor as
             | the scale difference. In most negotiations, Walmart can
             | fundamentally affect the bottom line of the counter party
             | in a way that just isn't true in the other direction. They
             | are more than happy to use this to the counter party's
             | detriment, and even sometimes the consumers.
        
             | mbesto wrote:
             | Ok, so what do people expect the alternative route is? It's
             | a known strategy, that works, and increases profit if
             | implemented correctly.
        
               | thatguy0900 wrote:
               | The alternative route people would prefer is for people
               | in charge of these companies to act ethically and not try
               | to squeeze everyone around them for every cent of profit
               | possible. Especially if you're already one of the richest
               | companies to ever exist. That's not very realistic,
               | though, since sociopathy is essentially taught in
               | business schools now.
        
               | smabie wrote:
               | Everyone is trying to squeeze everyone else, including
               | you. This isn't about sociopathy, this is just the human
               | condition.
        
               | webmobdev wrote:
               | Doesn't Toyota do something like that - from what I
               | remember, they actually assist their partner-supplier-
               | small-businesses to grow with soft loans, technical help
               | and business advise?
        
               | phone8675309 wrote:
               | If you work full time at federal minimum wage then you
               | qualify for food stamps and other government assistance.
               | 
               | Walmart took it a step further - they have information
               | for their employees on how to do that efficiently, rather
               | than paying a living wage.
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | This. And I'd add, we'd like a legal environment that
               | rewards people and companies who act in this way over
               | those companies that act unethically in pursuit of
               | profit.
        
               | HollywoodZro wrote:
               | > people in charge of these companies to act ethically
               | and not try to squeeze everyone around them for every
               | cent of profit possible
               | 
               | That's our stock market though. If Walmart isn't
               | squeezing on costs, then it needs to make that up in
               | gross revenue otherwise the stock will suffer.
               | 
               | Is it possible to be "ethical" in how you define it, when
               | the financial market performance of the company is
               | largely dependent on this?
        
             | avmich wrote:
             | I wonder if the supplier can similarly have the detailed
             | data on the customer and how that helps in negotiating both
             | ways.
        
               | steveBK123 wrote:
               | It's asymmetrical for the most part on a lot of stuff Was
               | listening to Bloomberg the other day and they were
               | talking about how Walmart is the biggest grocer in US.
               | They have pricing power because for example they
               | constitute something over 5% of all Heinz sales. Similar
               | for paper products from one of the big companies like
               | Procter & Gamble.
               | 
               | The inverse is not true, as you are unlikely to find any
               | vendor who Walmart makes 5%+ of all their sales dollars
               | off of.
               | 
               | So Walmart can generally turn to any of these vendors and
               | say - we will evaporate 5% of your sales overnight if you
               | don't give into demand, and send all our orders to some
               | competitor.
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | I've never understood this. If you're not making enough
               | profit - or even loosing money - selling to a large
               | client, you are better off without them. Profit should
               | come before everything else, including growth.
        
               | collaborative wrote:
               | Then you wouldn't exist. Even the smallest business goes
               | through years of losses before it (hopefully) reaches
               | profitability. Pay to sell is the only way nearly 100% of
               | incumbents have to simply exist. If they don't do it,
               | someone else will
               | 
               | Traditionally, businesses build a reputation and
               | customers learn where to find them (a physical location).
               | They then become and stay profitable. Anyone depending on
               | a monopolist for its pay-to-sell strategy won't usually
               | reach profitability. The monopolist might be as small as
               | a greedy feudal lord in the middle ages. Today we have
               | Apple/Google etc
        
             | fatbird wrote:
             | This is part of it, but a bigger part is simply that
             | Walmart approached suppliers with a proposed volume that
             | would require the company to rebuild themselves as an
             | operation in order to meet that demand and the required
             | service levels, at the price Walmart was willing to pay.
             | 
             | If they succeeded (many didn't, ending in bankruptcy), the
             | supplier was now trapped: no one could offer Walmart levels
             | of volume, which the supplier now had to operate at to make
             | a profit. Walmart could come back next year and demand
             | lower prices. They famously joked amongst themselves that
             | their goal was to drive out all profit for their suppliers.
             | 
             | Vlassic Pickles is the classic example of a company that
             | took the offer, rebuilt themselves, and became massively
             | larger than they were before.
             | 
             | I worked at a manufacturer for several years in IT. Walmart
             | was a customer, but only in a limited way (i.e., without
             | requiring huge volumes and service levels[0]). Our main
             | competitor, Rubbermaid, was a tier 1 supplier. When
             | Rubbermaid's main factory in the segment burned down,
             | Rubbermaid withdrew from Walmart as a supplier, citing low
             | profit margins. We got the call to come to Bentonville,
             | where they offered us the chance to replace Rubbermaid,
             | which would mean a fundamental restructuring of our entire
             | operation to service them. We (wisely) declined.
             | 
             | [0] An example of the service level required: Walmart would
             | send an order by EDI that would include a two hour window
             | for delivery, 24 hours out, for a store. That meant you had
             | to have inventory and drivers within a certain distance
             | from every Walmart location so that you could immediately
             | pick the order, get it on a truck, and arrive at the store
             | within that two hour window.
        
               | ska wrote:
               | I remember a claim (from Vlassic itself?) also that
               | Walmart pushed them into producing larger volume SKU's,
               | against their (Vlassic's) detailed data on usage, shelf
               | life, etc. Result: more mouldy pickles in peoples
               | refrigerators. Hurt Vlassic as a brand, not really in
               | consumer interest, but Walmart could advertize a $/volume
               | nobody could match.
               | 
               | I met an independent trucker who said he sometimes did
               | pressure relief for a large logistics company but would
               | refuse any Walmart deliveries (not to the stores, to
               | central warehouses). He claimed they gave you a 15 min
               | delivery slot on a cross country route, they only way to
               | avoid penalties was to aim to be there hours early and
               | wait on your slot. He said it basically added 3-6 unpaid
               | hours for every trip, and wasn't worth it.
        
         | kyleyeats wrote:
         | > a sense of urgency
         | 
         | I've never heard this phrase from anyone that wasn't nakedly
         | seeking power and compliance from others.
        
           | SkyMarshal wrote:
           | I first heard it from the military, where training seeks to
           | recreate the stressful fast-pace conditions of an actual
           | battle or war.
           | 
           | Years later I started hearing it in business too, as if
           | management circles thought it would be useful in increasing
           | production rates. Not accounting for the fact that levels of
           | urgency similar to military training may not be sustainable
           | in peacetime, and result in workforce burnout and other
           | problems.
           | 
           | A better alternative I've seen in high-impact academic
           | research groups is "focus", rather than urgency. Focused
           | effort produces research results, and can even be energizing
           | rather than draining and burnout inducing. I would hope
           | business circles would adopt that academic approach rather
           | than the military one.
        
           | treis wrote:
           | That is not my experience at all. It's even used by sports
           | announcers. As an example: "The offense needs to move with
           | more sense of urgency given the clock."
        
         | Krasnol wrote:
         | > If you see lots of positive or misdrecting comments, it's not
         | necessarily a coincidence (imo).
         | 
         | And right there the topic drowns in whataboutisms before it
         | disappears from the frontpage.
        
         | saiya-jin wrote:
         | > If you see lots of positive or misdrecting comments, it's not
         | necessarily a coincidence (imo).
         | 
         | I like HN a lot but for this type of topic, its consistently,
         | desperately, and annoyingly un-objective (if thats a word). I
         | do get that we humans tend to form echo chambers by ourselves
         | just to validate our viewpoints and decisions however
         | subjective they may be, but I expect a bit more than what I see
         | here from some of the smartest folks on Earth.
         | 
         | Their influence is _very_ visible also in other places, ie
         | otherwise great web for photography - dpreview.com is a pure
         | echo chamber for Apple. Every apple product is discussed in
         | details and glorified, any problems are completely ignored.
         | Most competition is given almost 0 coverage, especially direct
         | competitors or those that currently surpass some of their tech
         | at given time. And we don 't talk US-vs-China stuff, many phone
         | manufacturers don't have any China ties at all, or are outright
         | US companies.
         | 
         | There is no way in hell Apple is not pouring tons of cash into
         | ironing their fuckups, or just errors in judgement, infrequent
         | as they are, and HN is way too visible and important to not be
         | part of such an operation. To skip it would be a very junior
         | mistake, and there are no juniors in this space in 2023, not
         | with richest company globally.
        
       | buescher wrote:
       | If Wistron was having quality problems, as has been rumored about
       | iPhone production in India [1], this could have been the sort of
       | deal where both sides lost.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.theapplepost.com/2023/02/26/apple-
       | disappointed-w...
        
         | eunos wrote:
         | Wistron exit from India
         | https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/wistron...
        
         | MuffinFlavored wrote:
         | what portion of apple assembly for things like
         | macbook/watch/iphone aren't 100% done by machine, and if they
         | aren't 100% done by machine (which they aren't), it sounds
         | extremely not easy to do by hand (especially at scale, for "low
         | wages")
         | 
         | what parts can't they automate?
        
           | MichaelZuo wrote:
           | Most of the final assembly is done by hand. Hence why so many
           | people are needed in the final assembly factories of Foxconn,
           | Wistron, etc.
        
           | buescher wrote:
           | Automation doesn't guarantee quality, and it is hard to do at
           | a high quality level, at scale, also.
        
       | manuelabeledo wrote:
       | What I read is that Wistron didn't have a good strategy getting
       | in India, and that cost them Apple's business.
        
       | smoldesu wrote:
       | So... is it possible to make iPhones outside of China or not?
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | Yes, iPhones are also manufactured in Brazil and India. This is
         | largely due to trade barriers in those countries.
        
           | mdasen wrote:
           | Yea, I think it started with trade barriers, but I think
           | Apple likely wants to increase non-China manufacturing to
           | reduce their risk a bit. Tensions with China have been a bit
           | high and when you're Apple's size, it can be good to lessen
           | the risk there. Even if it's unlikely that something would
           | cause a disruption, when you're a nearly $3T company it's
           | probably wise to diversify that risk. Apple's annual revenue
           | is greater than the GDP of many countries like Finland or New
           | Zealand. Ramping up manufacturing in India could be a good
           | hedge against China or the US doing something that might
           | impact their exports from China.
        
       | ihsw wrote:
       | Wistron has has a rough history, including
       | underpaying/withholding pay from employees[1]. Good riddance.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-says-wistron-on-
       | probat...
        
         | shp0ngle wrote:
         | While Foxconn has... good history?
        
           | dogma1138 wrote:
           | Foxconn offers robust safety net for its employees...
           | 
           | (I'll walk myself out now).
        
             | misterprime wrote:
             | Literally literally.
        
               | tomxor wrote:
               | Only if they are lucky, retaining limbs is not a
               | contractual obligation for Foxconn.
        
       | cush wrote:
       | Apple is so huge that they treat their manufacturers like a
       | freelance design contracts... "We'll let you build our devices.
       | We can't pay you, but think how amazing it will look to have
       | Apple in your portfolio!"
        
         | southwesterly wrote:
         | "Oh, by the way, sign this NDA so you can't even talk about
         | it."
        
         | unicornmama wrote:
         | It might appears unfair from Apple's side to take advantage of
         | their position. However, hardware manufacturers do not resemble
         | naive and exploited children. Commoditized vendors experience
         | pressure to zero their margins from their largest customers.
         | Every big customer does this (Wallmart, Google, Amazon, etc.)
         | It's textbook business strategy.
        
         | avmich wrote:
         | Capitalism. If manufacturers can't count their beans, who'll do
         | that for them? Of course same applies to actual freelance
         | persons - where the dynamics is substantially different.
        
       | supernova87a wrote:
       | Apple _does_ help its suppliers to make a profit -- but the
       | amount of profit that sustains a healthy set of vendors for
       | Apple, at quality levels and corporate practice levels that Apple
       | evaluates as  "fair".
       | 
       | Now, you may criticize that this holds vendors over a barrel and
       | squeezes them to narrow margins, etc. But at least give Apple
       | credit for having a view to the long run and trying to create a
       | pool of vendors that it can rely on in a sustainable way, and not
       | just some surge capacity for the next quarter only to drop them.
       | Apple thinks longer than that. Their procurement function is
       | quite skilled.
       | 
       | And it's not like the vendors would magically have some source of
       | business at better terms than Apple that would be good for them
       | _in the long run_ either. You want suppliers to somehow be raking
       | in great margins in excess of what was  "fair"? You want an
       | employer who's more clueless and lets you make lots of extra on
       | the top?
       | 
       | A successful supplier to Apple knows what it's capable of and
       | what its costs are, signs on to grow with Apple and become
       | successful, and share in the practices that make a company
       | efficient, skilled, productive. They can choose to join this
       | train. Or not. It's voluntary.
        
         | rullelito wrote:
         | Vendor says they can't make profit. Wall-of-texter on HN says
         | they can.. So hard to know who to believe..
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | Given that Apple has delivered tons of devices into people's
           | hands and continues to do so for well over a decade, I am
           | going to go with the common sense that Apple's suppliers must
           | be earning a profit, otherwise they would not be doing
           | charity work for Apple.
        
       | squokko wrote:
       | Flagship customers often do this to vendors. They know that
       | "Apple is our customer" is a big selling point, so they turn the
       | screws tight and make the vendor serve them for no margin.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-05-22 23:01 UTC)