[HN Gopher] US Air Force shoots down drone swarm with THOR micro...
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       US Air Force shoots down drone swarm with THOR microwave weapon
        
       Author : MR4D
       Score  : 108 points
       Date   : 2023-05-19 19:18 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.thedefensepost.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.thedefensepost.com)
        
       | aidenn0 wrote:
       | Anyone know what this would do to a more traditional airborne
       | threat (e.g. cruise missile or fighter)?
        
       | rohan_ wrote:
       | Defense engineers have more fun!
        
         | epolanski wrote:
         | I don't know, I was offered to design and implement military
         | cockpits UI and tracking systems for the biggest weapon
         | exporter in Italy for a very good salary, a 60% raise of what I
         | earned at the time and I was like "no thanks, I want to go
         | sleep without thinking I'm helping writing software to kill
         | people".
         | 
         | Since then I have a very clear clause in my contracts that I
         | don't work in projects involving law enforcement, military and
         | some other business.
        
           | AHOHA wrote:
           | Interesting point, I too have a similar moral, but I don't
           | mind to do something for defense, no?
        
             | lesuorac wrote:
             | Much like how one mans terrorist is another's freedom
             | fighter.
             | 
             | One mans defense is another mans offense.
             | 
             | Surely this microwave can be moved to the frontlines and as
             | the frontline moves forward.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | It seems hard to guess based on the technology if something
             | will be defensive or aggressive. I mean, silly example, but
             | if you invent a suit of armor somebody will say "nice, now
             | I can use my sword two handed, no need for a shield!"
             | 
             | Maybe nukes.
        
       | denton-scratch wrote:
       | I'd like to know more, like the power of the beam, and what it
       | does to the drones. I'm not wow'ed to learn that an electronic
       | circuit can be influenced by microwaves, nor that a HF radio beam
       | can be jammed. I note the article didn't claim this thing can be
       | used to disable an autonomous cruise missile using inertial/map-
       | based guidance, and having no radio receiver.
        
       | smaili wrote:
       | Do they decide on an acronym first then work backwards to try and
       | come up with what each letter stands for or is it just a
       | coincidence that they landed on THOR? :)
        
         | Taek wrote:
         | It's called a backronym :)
        
         | falcolas wrote:
         | As they say, "Someone really wanted our initials to spell out
         | 'SHIELD'."
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | Chatgpt makes this fun and rewarding. How about: Mobile
         | Integrated Countermeasure Radiating Overwhelming Waves Against
         | Virtual Enemies (MICROWAVE)
        
         | jstarfish wrote:
         | The last time they _didn 't_ do this, they ended up carrying
         | MANPADS into battle.
        
         | AHOHA wrote:
         | Both way, I did some projects with military and they care much
         | about these acronyms for some reason.
        
           | macintux wrote:
           | I imagine when you're dealing with so many weapons systems
           | it's helpful to have memorable names. Beats the heck out of
           | X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6 (not to pick on BMW, but to pick on
           | BMW).
           | 
           | (Update: not to mention the need to appeal to Congress to
           | keep funding these systems.)
        
             | AHOHA wrote:
             | Yep, it's mainly for catchy names for funding.
        
             | vulcan01 wrote:
             | If you want to pick on a company for strange naming, Sony
             | is a great choice. WH-1000XM3, WF-1000XM3, Xperia 1 III,
             | etc.
        
       | dmbche wrote:
       | I wonder if these devices could ever become powerful enough to be
       | mounted on missiles and thrown at helicopters or planes and have
       | them drop out of the sky - or mounting them on Growlers! Could be
       | interesting as an alternative to explosives
        
       | hendersoon wrote:
       | They say it's a wide beam. Is that a misinterpretation of the
       | spectrum used or did they mean physically a wide beam, as opposed
       | to a thin maser? That would be extremely inefficient compared to
       | a pinpoint accurate defense, wouldn't it? I assume military
       | drones are difficult to spot, so maybe they need a shotgun pellet
       | approach.
        
         | zacharycohn wrote:
         | Judging from the size of the dish, I assume it's a physically
         | wide beam. That also means you don't have to aim as well, and
         | you can - like they demonstrated in the video - point and sweep
         | to take out a large swath at once without having to acquire
         | each target individually.
        
       | epolanski wrote:
       | Serious question, what if instead of pointing it to drones it was
       | pointed to organic flesh? Wouldn't that microwave burst the water
       | contained in someone's body?
        
         | ilovecurl wrote:
         | There is a non-lethal version of this:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Denial_System
        
         | jiveturkey wrote:
         | that already is a weapon. as an example, they believe a low
         | power version is what was used in havana.
        
           | reilly3000 wrote:
           | Came to say this. It's not a big mystery like the news keeps
           | saying it is. How can one defend against this?
        
             | Firmwarrior wrote:
             | Tinfoil hat lining
        
               | alasdair_ wrote:
               | Please make a tinfoil hat and cook it in your microwave
               | and let us know how it goes.
        
           | verdverm wrote:
           | The latest I heard about Havana is they believe that to not
           | be the case any more. There are however crowd control
           | versions for anti-riot purposes. They induce a burning
           | feeling on the skin without permanent damage, supposedly.
        
             | smegger001 wrote:
             | I wonder who is doing the studies to prove no long term
             | harm.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | It is lower frequency than visible light, so, of course
               | burning things is harmful but we're not talking about
               | ionizing radiation.
        
               | smegger001 wrote:
               | well if is actually heating the skin it could denature
               | proteins? that can happen at a little 105 degree F. your
               | body operates in the mid 90s naturally if its hot out it
               | wouldn't take much added energy to push you over the
               | limit.
        
               | Eisenstein wrote:
               | How would non-ionizing radiation that doesn't cause an
               | acute injury result in long term harm? I would assume
               | that you would need to propose a mechanism for it to
               | happen, rather than try and prove a negative.
        
               | smegger001 wrote:
               | heat induced denaturing of proteins?
        
         | Robotbeat wrote:
         | Water has a pretty high heat capacity. Takes a lot more energy
         | to kill a person this way than a drone swarm. For instance,
         | assuming it's about 20,000Watts effectively focused on one
         | person, it'd take about an entire minute before you manage to
         | increase body temperature by 3 degrees. Versus like a second to
         | knock a drone out of the sky.
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | The question is, how much can you focus it? It would be
           | enough to boil one vessel in the brain, to kill someone.
        
             | smegger001 wrote:
             | contrary to popular belief microwaves don't cook from the
             | inside out. if you are getting a vessel in the brain to
             | boil you have just fried their face like a egg
        
             | Robotbeat wrote:
             | Not at all easily. Blood pumps quickly through the brain
             | and back through the torso, quickly distributing heat. And
             | probably the first thing a target would do when feeling
             | heat would be to protect their head.
             | 
             | Bullets are more effective against flesh.
        
         | cephei wrote:
         | It's hard to know exactly how much energy this is pumping out
         | and how focused the beam is, but suffice to say anyone in the
         | way might start to boil.
        
       | option wrote:
       | there is an opportunity to test this right now in real world
       | battles and save a lot of lives. Just saying...
        
       | hiatus wrote:
       | One has to wonder what incentive there is in publicising
       | something like this. Indicating capabilities to potential
       | adversaries seems to have utility in limited circumstances.
        
         | ambicapter wrote:
         | Seems to have pretty clear dissuasive capability.
        
         | yamtaddle wrote:
         | Hard to say what's already _known to be known_ by foreign
         | intelligence. Doesn 't hurt to publicize it if you already know
         | that major potential adversaries know about it.
         | 
         | Also hard to say exactly how cutting-edge anything we get to
         | see is.
        
         | cheschire wrote:
         | First of all: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Show_of_force
         | 
         | Also capabilities have to be made public to show what tax
         | dollars are being spent on.
        
         | skyyler wrote:
         | Understating capabilities could have utility, no?
        
         | binarymax wrote:
         | Maybe not, since the Star Wars program taught us that
         | propaganda of capability is a good enough deterrent.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | phendrenad2 wrote:
         | An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.
        
         | ultra_nick wrote:
         | It changes the whole game. We were almost defenseless from
         | swarms of flying grenades before. Now, the military can handle
         | that threat.
        
         | yamazakiwi wrote:
         | Most military missions are posturing, there many incentives.
        
         | paulddraper wrote:
         | Same reason for knowing the U.S. defense budgets, number of
         | aircraft carriers, fighter jets, etc.
         | 
         | What's better than winning a war? Not having to fight one.
        
           | regentbowerbird wrote:
           | And also accountability to the citizens who are financing all
           | this. A 773$B black hole in the budget would be undemocratic
           | and rife for embezzlement.
        
             | virgildotcodes wrote:
             | The DOD is unable to account for 61% of its 3.5 trillion in
             | assets.
             | 
             | https://oversight.house.gov/release/comer-sessions-open-
             | prob....
        
               | codyb wrote:
               | I think they've been working on that. The size of our
               | military and the amount of logistics that occurs requires
               | a tremendous amount of supply chain infrastructure that
               | is not all wired up in to some centralized system.
               | 
               | You can imagine the complexity of auditing the work of
               | tens of thousands of different individuals annually with
               | 100% coverage in a system distributed all over the world
               | that has just tons and tons of constant hard real world
               | material needs day after day, year after year.
               | 
               | My understanding of the situation is that these early
               | year audits were never expected to be a full audit of the
               | entire DoD but the results of the path towards a more
               | auditable system and that we'll see that number of
               | unaccounted for assets continue to shrink over time.
               | 
               | It's only in the last decade or so a system that'd be
               | auditable would be possible without it divesting huge
               | amounts of manual resources at the accounting department
               | as far as I can tell.
        
               | nvy wrote:
               | >The DOD is unable to account for 61% of its 3.5 trillion
               | in assets.
               | 
               | I bet most of the circumstances behind this stat are
               | mundane. I used to be in military SAR and we had a
               | mule[0] randomly go missing. We were mystified because
               | it's not like a work-issued Blackberry you could forget
               | at a Subway or something. It's hard to lose track of a
               | 20-ton piece of GSE, or at least you'd think so. It later
               | turned up in Kandahar at the coalition base.
               | 
               | These things happen; it's not malicious so much as the
               | fact that mission success sometimes mean you take the
               | wrong tow mule and "oh well".
               | 
               | [0]https://www.google.com/search?q=sellick+aircraft+tug
        
               | paulddraper wrote:
               | Reassuring
        
               | nvy wrote:
               | It's the nature of the beast, in the same way that
               | sometimes developers need access to prod.
        
         | krapp wrote:
         | We're letting the aliens know the next time they try to invade
         | our airspace disguised as Chinese weather balloons, we'll be
         | ready for them. It'll be like the Battle of Los Angeles for
         | real this time.
        
         | Robotbeat wrote:
         | If a relatively small research project is going to mean
         | adversaries have to spend twice as much on drones which have
         | heavy metal mesh shielding, that's pretty great return on
         | investment even if the capability is totally negated by that
         | countermeasure.
        
           | MR4D wrote:
           | Also, nothing was said about the maximum _design_ power of
           | this device. For all we know, they could ramp it up to 10x
           | the power with a different power unit.
        
         | CodeWriter23 wrote:
         | I think it was Truman who said "Speak softly but carry a big
         | stick". They have to see the stick for it to have any
         | diplomatic effect.
         | 
         | Then there was Reagan who collapsed the Soviet Union with a
         | mostly bullshit space defense initiative called "Strategic
         | Defense Initiaitive", aka Star Wars and SDI. That proved if the
         | enemy believes the stick exists you don't need to actually have
         | the stick.
        
           | zabzonk wrote:
           | > I think it was Truman who said "Speak softly but carry a
           | big stick".
           | 
           | Theodore Roosevelt, actually.
        
           | MR4D wrote:
           | Reagan (or , at least his advisors) was essentially following
           | Moore's Law in the SDI effort. He knew that computers were
           | getting faster at an increasing rate and the Soviets couldn't
           | catch up.
           | 
           | Same thing happened in the space race in the 1960's where the
           | Russians had to build huge rockets because they didn't have
           | the miniaturization capabilities of the US.
        
         | nvy wrote:
         | Over the last few years there was a lot of hay being made about
         | how drone swarms have obsoleted $military_technology_du_jour
         | and how there's no real way to defend against "drone zerg",
         | etc.
         | 
         | The USAF is probably publicizing this for two reasons:
         | 
         | 1. To reassure domestic audiences that the USAF can counter
         | these things to some extent and is working on it, and also
         | probably to demonstrate return on investment for Congressional
         | oversight reasons
         | 
         | 2. As a form of soft deterrence; a reminder to unfriendly
         | powers that "hey, we have this technology, imagine what else we
         | have that we're not telling you about"
        
       | jameshart wrote:
       | "non-kinetic, speed-of-light microwave pulses"
       | 
       | Presumably the version that uses kinetic faster-than-light
       | microwave pulses is still classified.
        
         | abracadaniel wrote:
         | The kinetic slower-than-light microwave pulse is just a guy
         | throwing microwave ovens at drones with a catapult
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | Add a targeting computer on the catapult and it might be
           | pretty effective!
        
         | sidewndr46 wrote:
         | actually the pulses went back in time and killed the systems
         | inventor. So it no longer exists.
        
         | reilly3000 wrote:
         | Shhhh. Don't want to be on THEIR naughty list.
        
           | nerpderp82 wrote:
           | It isn't like they are generating plasma conduits with the
           | microwaves and then using a hyper velocity gas gun to propel
           | a slug of plasma down the conduit!
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | I recall reading about some microwave or laser weapon which was
         | pulsed to _in theory_ increase effectiveness. Part of the
         | design was using kinetic effects and the sub light speed
         | propagation of pressure waves through the material.
         | 
         | Basically rather than trying to vaporize armor you heat or
         | blast chunks off in rapid succession which can do all sorts of
         | things including creating strong magnetic fields. Which was
         | then possibly more efficient in defeating armor etc.
         | 
         | I can't find the exact source but this seems related:
         | https://www.nre.navy.mil/organization/departments/aviation-f...
        
       | TheRealPomax wrote:
       | Did they also trial it against a drone swarm that knew about THOR
       | (which an assailant would) and had put the drones in "not even
       | Faraday mesh" but just a fairly open wire sphere because
       | microwaves are trivially neutralized with a "mesh" that has
       | several inches of space between the wires?
       | 
       | (E.g. wired cages that are already commonly used by drone-
       | operators in the ducting/smoke stack/container/etc inspection
       | business to prevent their $50k industrial drones from crashing
       | into walls/ceilings)
       | 
       | Because a test that doesn't test "what happens when the enemy
       | knows the weaknesses" is not a test.
        
         | TeMPOraL wrote:
         | > _put the drones in "not even Faraday mesh" but just a fairly
         | open wire sphere because microwaves are trivially neutralized
         | with a "mesh" that has several inches of space between the
         | wires?_
         | 
         | My physics is getting a little rusty, but I wonder - are
         | microwaves going to "flow around" this mesh, or "flow _through_
         | " (following a path along the surface and not leaking inside,
         | ofc.)? Because if it's the latter, then I'd guess that enough
         | energy pumped into microwaves will _melt_ the Faraday cage.
        
         | badrabbit wrote:
         | The drones would fly in a faraday cage? Really? Even if so,
         | that's more cost and less weight they can carry. I am sure the
         | US mil would also be concerned its own drones can be shot down
         | like that.
         | 
         | A faraday cage protects against interference but does it shield
         | against energy? Are they using microwaves to excite components
         | in the drone or is it more like a MASER where microwave is used
         | to deliver energy?
         | 
         | If this was light for example, I would equate what you are
         | saying to coating the drones with a mirror, but if it is
         | something like a LASER it would still damage the drone.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | Conductive paints/coatings exist.
        
           | TheRealPomax wrote:
           | You've clearly never heard of building inspection drones. The
           | drones fly in a sperical cage, which you can trivially run
           | wires through, or over, to create a Faraday cage after
           | programming the drones to fly whatever pattern you need them
           | to. Hell, buy some copper tape, off you go.
           | 
           | Just because you didn't know about this thing, doesn't mean
           | drone operators in military positions don't know about this
           | either.
        
             | badrabbit wrote:
             | I did not know, I did not presume what military folks know
             | either.
        
             | vosper wrote:
             | > You've clearly never heard of building inspection drones.
             | 
             | Maybe they haven't (also, you're being kind of aggressive
             | here - why?) but I think most likely the people building
             | these weapons have. Just because the article doesn't
             | mention drones-in-Faraday-cages doesn't mean that the
             | military are dummies who haven't thought about it / don't
             | know anything about what kind of drones exist.
        
               | TheRealPomax wrote:
               | Eh, just responded in kind. The "Really?" to make it
               | sound like I was talking out of my ass wasn't necessary.
        
       | binarymax wrote:
       | > THOR engaged the targets and knocked them out of the sky using
       | its non-kinetic, speed-of-light microwave pulses.
       | 
       | Microwaves dont travel at the speed of light. Did they mean line
       | of sight?
       | 
       | Edit - well guess I was wrong!
        
         | doctoboggan wrote:
         | Why wouldn't they? They are just EM waves. "Light" is used
         | colloquially for the visible spectrum but microwaves could be
         | considered light waves
        
         | krapp wrote:
         | Microwaves do travel at the speed of light, all electromagnetic
         | radiation does.
        
         | phendrenad2 wrote:
         | > Microwaves dont travel at the speed of light
         | 
         | Yes, they do, microwaves are just a wavelength of light.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ared38 wrote:
         | You are actually correct. The speed of light you always hear
         | about is the speed of EM radiation in a perfect vacuum. In a
         | medium such as the atmosphere, the pulse doesn't travel as
         | fast. The slowdown depends on the refractive index, which
         | itself depends on the frequency of the wave -- longer
         | wavelengths have lower indices. This means that microwaves will
         | move the tiniest bit faster than light through the atmosphere.
        
         | tasseff wrote:
         | You might have been colloquially correct. Microwaves travel at
         | the speed of light, but my microwave that heats up a Hot Pocket
         | can't. :-)
        
           | jakeinspace wrote:
           | They'll work in a pinch against a drone idling below your
           | kitchen window.
        
       | hn8305823 wrote:
       | > THOR engaged the targets and knocked them out of the sky using
       | its non-kinetic, speed-of-light microwave pulses.
       | 
       | Maybe that's military jargon but in Physics photons definitely
       | carry and deliver kinetic energy.
        
         | karaterobot wrote:
         | Yes, I do think the military usage is different than the
         | physicist's usage. I don't think (or at least cannot find) a
         | consistent, hard-and-fast definition, but it seems like they
         | are using kinetic in this sense to mean something that goes
         | boom, and looks cool, and is hard to deny when shown on
         | television. One thing I'm fairly sure about is that they aren't
         | thinking about physics when they use that phrase!
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_military_action
        
           | jameshart wrote:
           | Military usage of the words 'force', 'momentum', and 'charge'
           | also don't follow their classical physics definitions.
           | 
           | Likewise military specialists look confused when
           | mathematicians ask them whether 'military operations' are
           | commutative.
        
             | karaterobot wrote:
             | I remember describing something as hyperbolic (meaning
             | ridiculously overstated) to a guy with a degree in some
             | sort of fluid mechanics related thing, and he was like "I'm
             | impressed you know that word, but that's a very specific
             | term that doesn't mean what you think it means...", because
             | it is a term he only knew from work. I had to show him a
             | dictionary to prove that sometimes the same word can have
             | different meanings. I'm sure this is an example of that.
        
         | paulddraper wrote:
         | > photons definitely carry and deliver kinetic energy
         | 
         | Technically correct, practically irrelevant.
         | 
         | Full direct sunlight exerts 1 ounce per 20 aces.
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | Kinetic weapons are bullets, bombs, etc.
         | 
         | As contrasted with chemical weapons, or electromagnetic
         | weapons.
        
         | zacharycohn wrote:
         | A kinetic weapon is one that damages the target by smashing
         | into it. Blunt projectiles like rocks, arrows, bullets, etc.
         | 
         | This is a non-kinetic weapon, because it does not damage the
         | target through kinetic force.
        
           | hn8305823 wrote:
           | > This is a non-kinetic weapon, because it does not damage
           | the target through kinetic force.
           | 
           | It is literally the kinetic energy of the photons and nothing
           | else that is disabling the drones. The photon kinetic energy
           | is transferred to electrons that either overheat components
           | or destroy control electronics with excessive voltage (the
           | article did not specify which).
        
             | nostrademons wrote:
             | Intended audience: not physicists.
        
             | aidenn0 wrote:
             | It's the kinetic energy of a HEAT round that damages a tank
             | too, but that's not classified as a KEW either, since a KEW
             | is where the sole damage done is by the energy of a
             | projectile (and a HEAT round it's the chemical energy in
             | the round that produces most of the damage, after being
             | converted to thermal and kinetic energy).
             | 
             | I will propose that (generally speaking) a projectile has
             | mass, which would exclude photons from the definition.
        
             | zactato wrote:
             | Unnecessary pedantry. You know what the title meant.
        
           | spokeonawheel wrote:
           | so classification of non-kinetic weapon versus "non-kinectic
           | light wave pulses"
           | 
           | seems like grammatical confusion to me...
        
         | jameshart wrote:
         | It's energy, but is it _kinetic_ energy? The photon's massless,
         | but it has momentum... so it can transfer kinetic energy, but
         | does it do so kinetically?
         | 
         | More to the point, 'kinetic energy' is 'movement energy' -
         | energy you possess by virtue of the fact you are moving.
         | 
         | Show me a stationary photon and we can talk about its 'kinetic'
         | energy vs. some other kind of energy.
        
           | AlexAndScripts wrote:
           | I don't understand that, given that momentum is mass times
           | velocity. Can you explain?
        
             | jameshart wrote:
             | For a photon, momentum is (edit) the inverse of its
             | wavelength, times the Planck constant.
             | 
             | I appreciate that this is not really an 'explanation'.
        
               | mercutio2 wrote:
               | Momentum is proportional to _frequency_. Inversely
               | proportional to wavelength.
        
               | jameshart wrote:
               | Thanks - corrected
        
             | mercutio2 wrote:
             | Non-relativistic momentum is (simplified to) mass times
             | velocity.
             | 
             | Photons have zero mass, but still have momentum, p=h/l.
        
         | reilly3000 wrote:
         | microWaves [?] photons. It just has to mess with the target's
         | waves with precision chaos.
        
           | gpm wrote:
           | Microwaves are literally photons. They're waves because of ht
           | tps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality#...
        
           | baxtr wrote:
           | Well... aren't microwaves electromagnetic waves and as such
           | photons?!
        
       | SEJeff wrote:
       | Let's also not forget LEONIDAS, which is a bit more mobile but
       | smaller.
       | 
       | https://www.thedefensepost.com/2023/01/24/epirus-counter-dro...
        
       | otoburb wrote:
       | >> _[the] weapon proved effective in neutralizing multiple
       | targets even though it had never before been tested against the
       | types of drones used in the trial._
       | 
       | Presumably THOR was tested against American and/or foreign-made
       | retail drones, and not foreign military-grade drones. Hardened
       | electronics aren't a new concept.
        
         | nonethewiser wrote:
         | This is so snarky I cant tell if its genuine or mocking.
        
         | justapassenger wrote:
         | Hardening against really high energy pulses adds weight, and
         | quite a lot of it. And flying things don't like weight.
         | 
         | It'll be arms race, as always.
        
           | paganel wrote:
           | > It'll be arms race, as always.
           | 
           | Example: You send 10-15 cheap drones against a side that
           | employs THOR. When the drones get close to the target THOR
           | will activate itself and bring down those 10-15 cheap drones,
           | and thus revealing its position. You then target THOR
           | directly either with artillery or with a slightly more
           | expensive missile. Once THOR is out you can then send 100 to
           | 200 cheap drones. Rinse and repeat.
        
             | CPLX wrote:
             | > thus revealing its position
             | 
             | Takes a pretty serious piece of tech to do that part though
        
               | codyb wrote:
               | Yea, would it make a lot of noise, you wouldn't really
               | see it right? Would the energy be detectable by some sort
               | of equipment that you could visualize on the screen?
        
             | edot wrote:
             | Your artillery fires on my THOR but its projectiles are
             | taken out by my C-RAM. Your artillery's position is noted
             | by my ISR overhead. Your artillery is destroyed by my
             | longer-range artillery. Your 200 cheap drones attempt to
             | attack but are taken out by my still-extant THOR. I now hit
             | your launching point with my artillery again.
        
               | bilbo0s wrote:
               | All of you do realize war is never as clean and
               | predictable as you are all making it out to be right?
               | 
               | You "just" get THOR to fire and take them out?
               | 
               | You "just" take out inbound artillery?
               | 
               | I haven't paid attention to them since the First Gulf
               | War, but the abilities and competence of the 101st
               | Chairbourne continue to be renoun and without equal.
        
               | paganel wrote:
               | Yes, it will be all a matter of execution. And as this is
               | supposed to be used either against the Russians or
               | against the Chinese it will all depend on how the
               | Americans' execution will compare to that of the Russians
               | and/or of the Chinese.
               | 
               | Can't speak about the Chinese, but because of this war in
               | Ukraine the Russians definitely have a very big head-
               | start when it comes to the execution of anything
               | artillery-related, as in I don't think the Americans have
               | had to fight a real counter-artillery fire since at least
               | the Battle of Hue. Maybe the Ukrainians (also pretty
               | experienced by now) will teach them, if they (meaning the
               | Americans) will be open to learn.
        
             | ianferrel wrote:
             | Yep. But the picture shows it mounted on a trailer, so its
             | position doesn't have to be static.
        
               | paganel wrote:
               | In theory, yes, in practice, it's more complicated.
               | 
               | Supposedly a similar thing happened with the recent
               | attack on the Patriot system in Kiev, i.e. the Russians
               | first sent some cheep Geran drones, the Ukrainians shot
               | them down activating the radars around the Patriot system
               | (or part of the Patriot system? not that clear), then the
               | Russians sent some anti-radar missiles that took those
               | Ukrainian radars out and in the third and last stage they
               | sent some more advanced missiles that directly targeted
               | and damaged the Patriot (which was by then without radar
               | protection). Almost all images of radar systems that I
               | saw from this war in Ukraine involved mobile units, both
               | on the Ukrainians' and on the Russians' side.
        
         | bitcurious wrote:
         | > Presumably THOR was tested against American and/or foreign-
         | made retail drones, and not foreign military-grade drones.
         | Hardened electronics aren't a new concept.
         | 
         | So your assumption is that the airforce can't source a military
         | grade drone to test with?
        
         | tracker1 wrote:
         | I would assume any such drones would be larger/heavier and in
         | fewer relative numbers. As such, able to be dealt with by
         | conventional means (surface to air missile defense).
        
         | awestroke wrote:
         | Still a good thing that they can stop massively asymmetric
         | attacks (huge number of cheap drones with cheap explosives)
        
         | DirectorKrennic wrote:
         | I presume that the Defense Department's experts are well aware
         | of these things. The article is sparse in details. Maybe they
         | did test this new capability on "military-grade" drones,
         | whatever "military-grade" means. Military technology isn't
         | always superior to civilian, commercial technology, as anyone
         | with even a passive familiarity with government acquisitions
         | could attest. Both Ukraine and Russia have resorted to modified
         | commercial drones in the Ukraine war. A North Korean drone was
         | once recovered that was nothing more than a piece of crap with
         | a cheap camera mounted[1]. Really, the only serious and
         | adversarial competitor in the drone space is China.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.cbsnews.com/news/suspected-north-korean-
         | drones-l...
        
           | jstarfish wrote:
           | > While the capture of the two surveillance drones appears to
           | offer a rare glimpse into the North's technology, analysts
           | stress they do not necessarily represent the best unmanned
           | aerial vehicles the North can field.
           | 
           | Always be skeptical of aggressive mimicry. A "piece of crap
           | with a cheap camera" is cheap and disposable-- and misleads
           | those quick to jump to conclusions. It's what you
           | deliberately throw over the fence when you want adversaries
           | to think you're underequipped.
           | 
           | They have nukes for fuck's sake. They can afford real drones.
        
         | sorokod wrote:
         | May be true, but a lot of the stuff flying over Ukraine is
         | retail. Future conflicts may be similar.
         | 
         | DJIs seem to be popular
         | 
         | https://gagadget.com/en/153538-ukrainian-intelligence-servic...
        
       | themodelplumber wrote:
       | That promo video has "suck it Iran" written all over it. Right
       | down to the truck launches and drone shapes.
       | 
       | I do admit I wonder about single point of failure with this, so
       | hopefully it's part of some layered strategy. Maybe with some
       | flingy nets, those matrix-barrel guns with like 100 barrels in a
       | grid, eagles trained to swoop down and pick apart the props, etc.
       | etc.
        
         | KineticLensman wrote:
         | Training an eagle is expensive and time consuming compared with
         | the swarm. A few explodey drones and an expensive eagle fleet
         | is toast. We're talking months to years to gain a single
         | eagle's trust
         | 
         | [edit] Disclaimer: I volunteer at a raptor conservancy. Please
         | don't propagate the belief that eagles or other birds of prey
         | are an effective counter-drone strategy at scale
        
           | nozzlegear wrote:
           | I've always been curious about eagles as drone deterrents:
           | wouldn't the birds' feet be potentially damaged by the
           | propellers on the drone? Admittedly I don't know what kind of
           | propellers a fancy airport-menacing drone or shahed drone is
           | using, maybe they're just some kind of plastic.
        
             | KineticLensman wrote:
             | A shahed drone is, compared with an eagle, a small light
             | aircraft with a piston-engine pusher prop and an 8 foot
             | wingspan. An eagle couldn't take one down any more than it
             | could a Cessna, essentially
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | > I wonder about single point of failure with this
         | 
         | Myself as well although I think this is already one of the last
         | lines of defense. These drone swarms don't have a great range
         | so the launchers need to get lucky to get close enough in the
         | first place (I'd hope).
        
           | germinalphrase wrote:
           | The new, terrible 'bat bomb'!
        
         | uhtred wrote:
         | > eagles trained to swoop down and pick apart the props
         | 
         | I assume the eagle dies or gets a horrific injury in this
         | scenario?
        
           | zdw wrote:
           | Generally not: https://www.michigan.gov/egle/Newsroom/MI-
           | Environment/2020/0...
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | They tried that, in The Netherlands, I think.
           | 
           | They stopped the initiative. Not sure why, but they didn't
           | think it was effective.
        
           | SimonPStevens wrote:
           | Surprisingly they seem very capable of taking down drones
           | uninjured. They have very strong legs, and with a flexible
           | attack from below they can avoid the props.
           | 
           | Here's a video of some french trained eagles showing how easy
           | it is.
           | 
           | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=b8kZupqPbJs
        
           | prawn wrote:
           | I had a wedge tailed eagle take down one of my drones while
           | filming. Drone ended up dropping to the ground damaged while
           | the eagle wasn't too bothered. It just perched nearby and
           | watched me picking up pieces, not preening or appearing at
           | all injured.
        
       | Marlon1788 wrote:
       | I wonder how effective this is against a microwave resistant
       | design. microwaves are incredibly easy to deflect, 1mm sheet
       | steel at the right angles would be interesting to see. 1M USD
       | start up drone company inquire here.
        
         | phendrenad2 wrote:
         | If you can fully shield the electronics with steel then you're
         | probably good to go. The problem is any small gap in the
         | shielding (such as for venting heat from the rotor motors).
        
         | giantrobot wrote:
         | If you could build a drone perfectly shielded with sheet steel
         | it would be the size of a Cessna and have the radar cross
         | section of a B-52. The perfectly shielded drone would no longer
         | be fit for purpose. It couldn't sneakily fly over enemy lines
         | to spy or drop bombs or whatever. A steel sheet covered drones
         | would just get blasted by traditional AAA.
        
         | xyzzyz wrote:
         | Even aluminum foil can do wonders here.
        
           | Marlon1788 wrote:
           | tin foil hat drones incoming
        
         | version_five wrote:
         | The drones are going to be vulnerable because they need to have
         | some kind of antenna to communicate externally, that presumably
         | would be pretty broadband. It would be interesting to think
         | about how one could harden them but still allow communication
         | ... I think it's probably possible. Something like an nmr
         | receiver that has diodes that short it out for high power
         | input... I have no idea if that translates practically.
        
           | noah_buddy wrote:
           | Birds can navigate in large groups just based on several
           | birds around them. If you had a swarm that was semi-
           | autonomous after being launched, it could avoid comms
           | altogether.
        
           | ChikkaChiChi wrote:
           | Interesting. I wonder if there is a design that could be
           | fully autonomous, requiring no outside connectivity.
        
             | giantrobot wrote:
             | They're called cruise missiles and have existed for
             | decades. Putting the same avionics in a drone is just
             | building a smaller slower cruise missile.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Also dramatically cheaper, and well within hobbiest
               | abilities.
        
           | gpm wrote:
           | > because they need to have some kind of antenna to
           | communicate externally
           | 
           | I mean, that's true until it isn't. Autonomous drones
           | (otherwise known as weird looking missiles?) being used to
           | attack a base with a fancy microwave air-defence system isn't
           | really science fiction anymore.
           | 
           | I suppose cameras might be hard to shield too?
        
             | version_five wrote:
             | It would probably also need GPS. I think it should be
             | possible to harden a camera. Light can go e.g. though an
             | arbitrarily small honeycomb mesh, while microwave cant. But
             | it might be limiting in terms of what a ln autonomous drone
             | would need to see. Lidar might be harder
        
               | gpm wrote:
               | GPS is jammable, I'd assume that the base with the fancy
               | microwave anti-air system is capable of denying it and
               | you'd want to be capable without it anyways.
               | 
               | Guidance via camera has been a thing for a long time: htt
               | ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TERCOM#DSMAC,_Digital_Scene_Ma
               | ... I don't know if it's available open source (or
               | commercially), but I don't imagine it would take me (or
               | any other reasonably skilled programmer) long to develop
               | it these days. Satellite imagery is freely available from
               | google maps if you have nothing better.
               | 
               | Near(ish) peer adversaries (the kind that can afford
               | drone swarms) are definitely capable of the guidance
               | part.
        
               | AHOHA wrote:
               | Drones can fly safely with gnss denied environments, a
               | system we tested it was in a mine with a very narrow
               | areas, and at a relatively high speed too, being open in
               | the sky would be easier.
        
           | AHOHA wrote:
           | I build drones that fly over 5G, the link os also encrypted,
           | and use the same medium that other UEs (cellphones) use in
           | the area, it is hard to impossible to detect even with DPI,
           | or at least by the time you detect it, the drone would be far
           | gone. The only vulnerable point though is the GNSS, it's
           | weak, prune to interference and jamming, however, there are
           | fail safe mechanisms that if that happens then it returns or
           | land.
        
             | version_five wrote:
             | Aren't we talking about physically damaging the drones with
             | high power microwaves?
        
               | AHOHA wrote:
               | OP mentioned using a steel sheet, and how vulnerable the
               | signal can be, while it might work for RC ones, if you
               | use a cellular network, it won't be much of an impact.
               | Now of you can detect and destroy the drone on time, then
               | yeah that works, but you will have to solve the challenge
               | of isolating the cellular drone first from all the UEs in
               | the area.
        
           | nonethewiser wrote:
           | How much do the direction/location of the antenna and
           | incoming pulse matter?
           | 
           | The antenna could point up and communicate with satellites.
           | Meanwhile the pulse will be coming from underneath. Maybe it
           | could be diffused off to the side?
        
             | giantrobot wrote:
             | A high power microwave beam will pass right through
             | plastics and composites. Unless you add a lot of shielding,
             | that microwave pulse can and will induct a charge in wires
             | and electrical components. Shielding is heavy and makes a
             | drone easier to detect.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | Marlon1788 wrote:
           | something like a small hole or slit in the deflecting body
           | would allow different wavelengths through. The microwave
           | region extends from 1,000 to 300,000 MHz (or 30 cm to 1 mm
           | wavelength).
        
             | asdfman123 wrote:
             | Or you could use some kind of fiber optic system, worst
             | case.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Anyone have a formula for E(x,t) and H(x,t) for the actual wave?
        
       | barbegal wrote:
       | Lots of words but not much detail. What I'm interstates to know:
       | 
       | - The effective range of the system, if the range is only 100m or
       | so then you might need a lot of these to protect a larger
       | strategic area.
       | 
       | - How it neutralises the drones, does it overheat certain
       | components or just inject sufficient noise into the system that
       | the flight controller stops working or just disrupt any command
       | signals.
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | Now we need steam-powered drones?
        
       | wayeq wrote:
       | Thor is he-yah!
        
       | AHOHA wrote:
       | While I'm working mainly on drones/robotics, counter drones is
       | also becoming a big talk with a lot of interest from investors,
       | however, countring drones isn't that easy, even with latest
       | sensors (sound/visual/Lidar/radar sensors), there's a lot of
       | false positives when deployed in real scenarios, one trial we
       | tried near an airport, the system we tested caught a lot of birds
       | as drones, you tune it not to detect it, then drones goes
       | undetected. Some systems tries to us AI to study the fly path and
       | find some anomalies and trigger based on that, but so far I
       | didn't see personally an acurate system that can reliably detect
       | and neutralize. Swarm on the other hand, might be easier given
       | how easy to detect them.
        
         | runtime_blues wrote:
         | Airport is probably a very different environment, though? I
         | imagine that if you have a military installation, you don't
         | mind blasting some birds with RF every now and then (and the
         | birds probably don't mind either).
        
           | excalibur wrote:
           | As a passenger on commercial aircraft, I don't mind reducing
           | the bird population near an airport.
        
           | mytailorisrich wrote:
           | I think that if a drone is threatening civilian airline
           | traffic you don't mind blasting some birds, either.
        
             | ok_dad wrote:
             | Unfortunately I do mind. Here's where I live, there's a
             | bunch of endangered birds that live near the airport and
             | don't live literally anywhere else. Can't really just go
             | shooting them with death rays.
        
               | vikramkr wrote:
               | If any birds are in that situation near a military base
               | or war zone I hope we got some if them in a zoo or dna as
               | a backup for if we invent really good cloning since
               | otherwise those birds are extinct
        
           | version_five wrote:
           | A bird is small and largely non-conducting. I'd guess it
           | could plausibly survive a burst of microwave that could
           | disable a drone, at any practical distance from the weapon.
        
             | dist-epoch wrote:
             | Microwave tends to "cook" you.
        
         | notum wrote:
         | The best way to detect UAVs remains the EM they emit
         | themselves, be it telemetry or electromotive hum.
        
           | AHOHA wrote:
           | The footprint for small drones is almost negligible, and
           | flying at lower altitudes make it even harder to detect.
        
         | dist-epoch wrote:
         | How about trying your tech in Ukraine.
         | 
         | > _Russian electronic warfare (EW) remains potent, with an
         | approximate distribution of at least one major system covering
         | each 10 km of front. These systems are heavily weighted towards
         | the defeat of UAVs and tend not to try and deconflict their
         | effects. Ukrainian UAV losses remain at approximately 10,000
         | per month._
        
         | rad_gruchalski wrote:
         | Silly question but is it possible that the army would not care
         | about birds triggering false positives if the weapon can do the
         | work fast enough?
        
           | stevedewald wrote:
           | Yes. You give away information about your position and
           | capabilities if your defensive system triggers inadvertently.
        
       | hk1337 wrote:
       | aka Point Break
        
       | rdtsc wrote:
       | Very neat. Wonder if drones could fly lower and swarm around it
       | in an almost full circle. There could be anti-THOR suicide drones
       | attacking first before the rest fly in. Then, would any shielding
       | work or even some kind of a microwave energy reflector, like an
       | inverted cone, to concentrate the energy back at the THOR system
       | to use its energy against itself.
        
       | notatoad wrote:
       | given the number of actual incidents involving shooting down
       | drones in recent months, it might have been nice to include right
       | in the title that this was a demonstration, and not an actual
       | deployment against an enemy.
        
         | falcolas wrote:
         | FWIW, it was a practical test, so while it does not presage war
         | for the US, it does prove that this is a real weapon outside of
         | computer simulations.
        
       | nerpderp82 wrote:
       | This thing is easily defeated with a small amount of software and
       | tactics.
        
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       (page generated 2023-05-19 23:01 UTC)