[HN Gopher] CodeWeavers Now Controlled by an Employee Ownership ...
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       CodeWeavers Now Controlled by an Employee Ownership Trust
        
       Author : computerliker
       Score  : 127 points
       Date   : 2023-05-19 14:52 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.phoronix.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.phoronix.com)
        
       | abeppu wrote:
       | > As he's been the largest shareholder at the company, with his
       | departure he decided to transition the firm to being an employee
       | ownership trust. The trust will see that CodeWeavers continues to
       | operate for the benefit of the community and staff.
       | 
       | I'm not familiar with the "employee ownership trust" concept, so
       | I was curious as to how it differed from a worker co-op. On
       | reading a layperson description, is it perhaps misnamed? It seems
       | like people consider it to be a form of employee ownership, but
       | (a) employees do not buy in (b) employees are not bought out when
       | they leave (c) employees do not necessarily have any kind of
       | voting rights, and the trust could be managed by trustees who are
       | not elected by (or from among) employees. It sounds like EOTs
       | _can_ share profits or pay dividends out to employees, but don't
       | need to. So in what sense is it employee "ownership"? It seems
       | like it's just a perpetual trust whose goal includes employee
       | well-being.
       | 
       | An org on employee ownership says [1]:
       | 
       | > There is no legal definition of what separates an EOT from
       | similar trusts, but to be an EOT, the purpose of the trust should
       | include the well-being of the company's employees.
       | 
       | So it's a trust which exists _for_ the employees, but does that
       | mean the _own_ it?
       | 
       | A few months ago I listened to this podcast [3] about a perpetual
       | trust set up to benefit stray cats. Despite it being created
       | _for_ stray cats, of course no one claims that the trust is
       | _owned_ by stray cats.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.nceo.org/article/introduction-employee-
       | ownership... [2] https://www.esoppartners.com/blog/employee-
       | ownership-models [3]
       | https://www.npr.org/2023/02/22/1158865140/stray-cats-dixfiel...
        
         | derefr wrote:
         | In general, in trust law, a _fiduciary duty_ is imposed upon
         | the executors of a trust with respect to the trustees. In other
         | words, the executors of a trust must act in the trustees '
         | financial best interests, even where these interests would
         | conflict with the executor's financial interests. To do
         | otherwise is a breach of contract.
         | 
         | You can't trust (heh) regular people to be able to keep this
         | duty in mind; which is why the executors of most trusts are law
         | firms. Individual people sometimes make the mistake of making
         | another individual person the executor of a trust they're
         | establishing; but corporations are generally smarter than that.
         | 
         | In the case of corporate-established trusts, the question that
         | can "go wrong" here isn't usually who the executor is, but
         | rather, how the employees are defined to communicate their
         | collective "financial best interest" _to_ the executor. Very
         | likely, there is a _board of trustees_ defined in the structure
         | of the trust, where some or all members of said board are
         | elected by employees (similar to shareholders electing a board
         | of directors of a company.)
        
           | zrail wrote:
           | A trust has three interested parties. The _grantor_
           | establishes and funds the trust. The _beneficiary_ benefits
           | from the assets inside the trust. The _trustee_ administers
           | the trust and has a fiduciary responsibility to the
           | beneficiary. Depending on the trust two or more of these may
           | be the same person or people. Different types of trusts have
           | different tax and legal treatments.
           | 
           | To my limited understanding of US trust law, the term
           | "executor" is typically reserved for estates rather than
           | trusts, but maybe some states use that terminology?
        
         | zrail wrote:
         | Here's my interpretation of how this might work (reading
         | between the lines and based on how ESOPs typically work):
         | 
         | 1. The founder wanted out but didn't want to sell to a PE firm,
         | and they wanted to give control to the employees.
         | 
         | 2. The founder set up a trust that will gradually buy them out
         | over the course of 7 years. The financial arrangement is
         | probably something like: the trust got a long term loan for the
         | initial tranche of purchases which it will pay back via
         | dividends attached to those shares. It will also use those
         | dividends to pay for future tranches of shares.
         | 
         | 3. Employees don't have any ownership rights at all, the trust
         | is the sole shareholder. Employees do have control of the
         | trust, to an extent, because at least some members of the
         | trustee board will be elected from the staff. The trust is
         | probably written such that the trustees can elect to distribute
         | to the staff some or all of the dividends remaining after
         | founder share purchases and debt service.
         | 
         | To answer the ownership question, trusts don't really have
         | owners. Trust materialize into existence when a grantor (the
         | founder) funds them for the benefit of beneficiaries (in this
         | case the staff) and are controlled by trustees (in this case,
         | at least some part of whom are staff).
        
           | refulgentis wrote:
           | Thank you, I was real curious how this was working. It sounds
           | so fraught, I admire people who are able to handle ambiguity,
           | and avoid simple interpretations, better than I.
           | 
           | My naive read: You have to convince a bank to give a brand
           | new entity a loan, with the only real benefit accruing to the
           | bank in the form of interest and yourself in the form of
           | giving yourself a retirement gift. I honestly don't
           | understand why anyone would play ball with that unless the
           | interest rate was, say, 3-4 points above treasuries, so now
           | it's the same thing as a PE buyout, but at least the money
           | went to you
        
             | zrail wrote:
             | There are lots of ways to structure it that don't involve
             | an actual bank loan. It's very possible that the founder
             | loaned the first tranche of shares to the trust and the
             | trust is paying some amount of interest on that loan over
             | time. Sometimes this is called seller financing.
        
             | derefr wrote:
             | > It sounds so fraught
             | 
             | Wait until you hear about charitable trusts! (And
             | specifically, ones defined into existence by a person's
             | will, such that it's up to a probate judge to figure out
             | how to make the act of charity happen.)
        
       | leetrout wrote:
       | Link to original blog post on the other post
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36002930
        
       | nh2 wrote:
       | Props to them and the Wine project for their great achievement:
       | 
       | Removing the last consumer monopoly Windows had (games).
       | 
       | They are the reason I didn't have to boot away from Linux for 10
       | years.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | shinjitsu wrote:
       | I was a subscriber 10-15 years ago, but I used steam/proton now,
       | I wonder how large the market for something like codeweavers is
       | in 2023?
        
         | mattl wrote:
         | Codeweavers is paid by Valve to work on Proton
        
           | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
           | I suspect that even means that, courtesy of Proton,
           | CodeWeavers now is used by and indirectly paid for by more
           | people than ever:)
        
             | mattl wrote:
             | I'm sure. I've been a paid user of Crossover for a while
             | but I mainly use it on my Steam Deck now
        
         | Rebelgecko wrote:
         | The majority of the work on Proton is actually being doing by
         | Codeweavers. IIRC they even control the main github repo
        
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       (page generated 2023-05-19 23:02 UTC)