[HN Gopher] What were the worst jobs for poor Romans in Ancient ...
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       What were the worst jobs for poor Romans in Ancient Rome?
        
       Author : BerislavLopac
       Score  : 50 points
       Date   : 2023-05-15 12:28 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.quora.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.quora.com)
        
       | BirAdam wrote:
       | Mining and military service are definitely worse than groveling,
       | especially since Rome did have the bread line.
       | 
       | The military definitely had a pay advantage (and it got better
       | over time in the imperial era, so much so that it began to
       | bankrupt the state), but Rome was always killing people, either
       | Romans or barbarians. The warfare was absolutely horrifying by
       | modern standards, and I imagine that even the best warriors of
       | Rome would have had severe PTSD. Add in practices like decimation
       | and the life of a warrior could be shorter than any other.
       | 
       | As for mining, most miners were slaves. Worse, many slaves were
       | captured and conquered people. Rome had slaves that were treated
       | well too (accountants, physicians, potters, bakers, barbers, and
       | so on), especially after various reform movements (legal claims
       | could be made against slave owners who mistreated slaves, but it
       | is not certain just how successful these claims were), but the
       | majority performed brutal work in bad conditions (beyond mining,
       | many prostitutes were also slaves, and some of the worst parts of
       | construction in Rome were done by slaves).
        
       | bragr wrote:
       | My understanding from historians answering similar questions
       | about ancient Romans is that we really don't know much about the
       | average Roman because almost nothing was written down about them
       | and even less survives to this day.
        
         | woodruffw wrote:
         | It's a little nuanced. We know about some aspects of the
         | average Roman citizen's life: the details of their class and
         | labor statuses, their political enfranchisement, the effects of
         | the Roman economy on their livelihood, urbanization trends
         | through the Republic and Empire, etc. We also know a decent
         | amount about what they ate, what they wore, etc.
         | 
         | We know many of these things either because they're discussed
         | in comparison to an actual subject, or via inference with
         | described subjects (i.e. descriptions of the lives of political
         | candidates, bureaucrats, soldiers, slaves, and lesser sides of
         | noble families).
        
       | RobotToaster wrote:
       | Being Vedius Pollio's servant?
        
       | tacker2000 wrote:
       | Please dont post quora links. Whilst the questions and answers
       | might be interesting, the whole site its just a minefield of ads,
       | SEO spam, forced logins, etc...
        
         | karaterobot wrote:
         | If the content is interesting, I think it's worth posting. If
         | people think the ads and dark patterns make it not worthwhile,
         | they should not upvote the post, and just let it sink down off
         | the front page.
        
         | Aperocky wrote:
         | The complete downfall of quora is surprising tbh.
         | 
         | Trying to cash out before they reached critical point? At one
         | point about a decade ago through my spotty memory they are
         | pretty on par with reddit in terms of adoption and reputation.
        
           | _-____-_ wrote:
           | Quora has fulfilled its purpose of generating training data
           | for large language models, by answering the majority of
           | questions people have ever thought to search for on the
           | premise of "I wonder if anyone's asked this question before."
           | Now that ChatGPT has read all the answers, Quora can fade
           | into the sunset while ChatGPT regurgitates its answers with
           | precision as part of an ad-free conversation.
        
             | ztrww wrote:
             | which is a bit sad since the majority of answers on Quora
             | are worse than useless...
        
             | lph wrote:
             | Seems like only a matter of time before LLM-powered search
             | is also injecting ads. "Ancient Romans had a difficult life
             | with a variety of unpleasant jobs. But after work, they
             | liked to kick back and enjoy all-new garum-flavored
             | Doritos!"
        
           | markwkw wrote:
           | To me it became unbearable after it became flooded with
           | people trying to add content without bringing any actual
           | insight. They'd largely reuse existing materials or top
           | google/wikipedia results and used certain style that became
           | annoying to me (I wonder if others also started noticing the
           | 'quora-style' answers)
        
             | Kye wrote:
             | I remember asking for the scientific basis for the EPA's
             | recommendations on UV exposure. I had this idea an actual
             | scientist or someone who's done relevant research might
             | answer. All I got were spun versions of the citeless blurb
             | on the EPA's website. That was when I knew Quora was dead.
             | 
             | (kind of an aside after this point)
             | 
             | Meanwhile, ChatGPT (via Phind) just keeps giving me answers
             | on the efficacy of sunscreen at blocking UV light. Nothing
             | on what research went into deciding how much UV is too
             | much. I want to know what actually makes UV 11 or UV 5, or
             | why UV 2 is considered safe. It's the first time it's been
             | 100% useless. I can't seem to get it to stick to the actual
             | question no matter how I phrase it.
             | 
             | Maybe it's one of those ass-pull recommendations where no
             | one really knows. I know people who sunscreen religiously
             | and still got skin cancer, and people who don't get much
             | sun who got it.
        
             | balder1991 wrote:
             | I feel like all the good people disbanded as that happened.
             | I noticed answers became increasingly anecdotes that looked
             | like a blog post in the style: "10 years ago I was working
             | with my father, when I noticed...". It's been years I
             | simply ignore Quora when it shows up in a search cause I k
             | ow it will be the same generic garbage as those SEO
             | websites.
        
         | heywhatupboys wrote:
         | and also has less scholary value than an emo blogpost from a
         | 2088 scene girl
        
       | sb618 wrote:
       | One thing they don't mention is that the pay for being a
       | legionnaire was (as far as I know) quite a bit better than
       | average.
        
       | zerr wrote:
       | How did rich people keep their wealth? Interesting, they had
       | banking: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banking_in_ancient_Rome
        
         | lifeisstillgood wrote:
         | Sometimes those bankers were disrupted by Judeans coming in an
         | smashing up the nice open plan lending atriums. Really need the
         | firm hand of government to prevent repeat offending
        
           | sslayer wrote:
           | You just know at least one person got nailed for it.
        
             | candiddevmike wrote:
             | Supposedly
        
           | bjourne wrote:
           | Actually the vandalism was from the Galileans. The Judeans
           | totally adored their market makers.
        
       | Eumenes wrote:
       | The mines of Ancient Spain (modern Andalusia mostly) most
       | definitely "employed" the sorriest souls
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | Not a terrible job, but uncertain was parasite. Basically you
       | were paid to accompany someone and say how good they were. One of
       | the few things I remember from high school was translating some
       | plays in which a parasite was part of the cast.
       | 
       | (Another thing I remember was the supposed punishment for
       | parricide: to be sewn into a sack with a rooster, a cat, and some
       | stones, and then be tossed into the Tiber.)
        
         | BirAdam wrote:
         | Ancient punishments were insane. Death was usually just a side
         | effect of whatever the actual punishment was. Bothered me for
         | weeks after reading about that stuff.
        
       | htag wrote:
       | One thing, it's ambiguous if they are speaking of only jobs
       | inside the city, or any job in the republic/empire. It's also
       | ambiguous if this is limited to jobs only performed by free
       | individuals. Some things that didn't make the list.
       | 
       | * Free individuals sometimes became Gladiators
       | 
       | * While very clean for ancient standards, their sewage system
       | required a lot of manual maintenance.
       | 
       | * We know sailors we subject to scurvy, which suggests they spent
       | most of their time on ship and had very poor diets.
       | 
       | * Prostitution was legal.
       | 
       | * Without an understanding of germ theory, anyone dealing with
       | very sick or dead individuals could be subject to poor health
       | outcomes.
       | 
       | * Lots of work would have been extremely physically taxing by
       | today's standards. Lifting heavy things. Farming with hand tools.
       | Blacksmithing.
        
         | jcranmer wrote:
         | You've omitted the mines, which were a pretty notorious place
         | to work, and I'd personally rank it the worst job of the lot.
         | My understanding is that the miners were almost all slaves
         | because of the poor working conditions.
        
           | antognini wrote:
           | People convicted of certain egregious crimes would commonly
           | be sentenced to hard labor in the mines.
           | 
           | This was the punishment that astrologers received for
           | violating certain regulations around astrology. (Their
           | clients were executed.)
        
           | Eumenes wrote:
           | People are still working in mines like that today and for a
           | long time, I'm guessing.
        
         | hutzlibu wrote:
         | Mining was among the worst types of work with very little
         | chance of doing it for longer. Which is why it was allmost only
         | slaves doing it, like most of the other hard work, which is why
         | there allways needed to be new wars to get new slaves to keep
         | the system running.
        
           | ztrww wrote:
           | I think mines switching to free labor to some degree in the
           | imperial period since slaves became more scarce and expensive
        
           | CydeWeys wrote:
           | I do think this is the actual answer. Brutally backbreaking
           | work (literally breaking rocks with simple tools for 12+
           | hours per day every day), in poor conditions, and constantly
           | inhaling dust that destroys your lungs to the point that
           | you're constantly coughing up black mucus.
           | 
           | Being a rower on a ship was a terrible job too, but at least
           | you had fresh air to breathe.
        
         | CydeWeys wrote:
         | One particularly unpleasant job (I believe often performed by
         | slaves) was making charcoal. More man-hours went into making
         | charcoal than went into the actual blacksmithing, as it was so
         | coal-intensive. Entire regions were denuded of trees. And then
         | of course you had lumberjacks.
         | 
         | Honestly, following around some rich person in Rome sounds
         | easier than the hardest manual labor jobs.
        
         | laratied wrote:
         | Working with the sewage system is what first came to my mind.
         | 
         | As far as germs that is so modern. Ignaz Semmelweis was
         | considered a moron for suggesting that doctors wash their hands
         | between handling dead bodies and delivering babies.
         | 
         | He died in 1865 with the establishment believing he was
         | basically spreading misinformation.
        
         | vkou wrote:
         | Also, are we talking about jobs, or work?
         | 
         | Subsistence farmers worked, but didn't have 'jobs'. A
         | blacksmith worked, but might have had a 'job', or, depending on
         | how many people were working under him might have been more of
         | business operator.
         | 
         | Being in _any_ army sucks, so soldiering wasn 't exactly a
         | great 'job', either - although it often provided opportunities
         | to rob and enslave other people.
        
         | christkv wrote:
         | Legionnaire :)
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | Farming is the big one - if your job sucked too hard you'd just
         | go back to being a subsistence farmer like most everyone else.
        
           | explaininjs wrote:
           | Was arable land easy to come by for a poor Roman or would you
           | be more likely to have a landlord requiring some cut?
        
             | rurp wrote:
             | In general no, it wasn't easy for poor folks to get their
             | own farm land, and it became harder as time went on.
             | 
             | A plot of land was a common millitary pension; soldiers
             | would retire there and work the land after putting in
             | enough service time. This worked well while there was
             | plenty of decent land in Italy, but became a worse deal
             | over time. Once the prime land was taken up soldiers had to
             | settle for plots of varying quality far from their
             | homeland, which was much less pleasant as you'd expect.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | The poorest would likely "sign on" to an existing farm as
               | a farmhand - the story of the Prodigal Son implies that
               | concept was known in antiquity.
        
             | BirAdam wrote:
             | Not at all. It was so hard to get land that "land reform"
             | was a constant political point.
        
       | baron816 wrote:
       | If you've ever wondered what would've happened if Nazi Germany
       | had won the war and had become a Thousand Year Reich, Rome is
       | basically your answer. Militarism, War, Genocide, Slavery--it's
       | all right there.
        
       | kami8845 wrote:
       | Here is what GPT-4 has to say on the subject:
       | 
       | ---
       | 
       | In Ancient Rome, the socio-economic divide was significant, and
       | many poor Romans had to endure difficult, unpleasant, and
       | dangerous jobs to survive. Some of the worst jobs for poor Romans
       | during that period were:
       | 
       | Sewer Cleaner (Cloaca Maxima): Sewer cleaners were responsible
       | for maintaining and cleaning the sewer systems in Rome. These
       | workers had to wade through human waste, animal carcasses, and
       | other refuse in the dark, damp, and disease-ridden underground
       | passages.
       | 
       | Tanners: Tanners processed animal hides to make leather. This job
       | involved soaking hides in vats of urine to remove hair and then
       | treating them with a mixture of lime, water, and animal feces.
       | Tanners were exposed to foul smells and harmful chemicals, and
       | their work often led to skin and respiratory problems.
       | 
       | Fuller: Fullers were responsible for cleaning and bleaching
       | woolen garments. They stomped on clothes soaked in a mixture of
       | water and human urine, which acted as a natural detergent.
       | Fullers were constantly exposed to the strong smell of urine and
       | faced a high risk of skin infections due to the ammonia content.
       | 
       | Gladiator: Gladiators were slaves, prisoners of war, or criminals
       | who fought in the arena for the entertainment of the Roman
       | public. They faced brutal combat, often resulting in severe
       | injuries or death. Although some gladiators gained fame and
       | fortune, most lived a short and brutal life.
       | 
       | Miner: Roman miners, often slaves or criminals, worked in
       | dangerous conditions, extracting valuable metals and minerals
       | such as lead, silver, and gold. They faced the constant risk of
       | cave-ins, toxic fumes, and lung diseases due to prolonged
       | exposure to dust.
       | 
       | Street Cleaner: Street cleaners had to collect and dispose of the
       | garbage, waste, and excrement that littered the streets of
       | Ancient Rome. This job exposed them to infectious diseases and
       | putrid odors.
       | 
       | Litter Bearer: Litter bearers carried wealthy Romans in litters
       | (a type of carriage) through the streets. This physically
       | demanding job often involved carrying clients up steep hills or
       | for long distances under the hot sun.
       | 
       | Agricultural Laborer: Many poor Romans worked as agricultural
       | laborers on farms, tending to crops and animals. These workers
       | faced long hours in the fields, inadequate shelter, and meager
       | food rations.
       | 
       | These jobs highlight the challenging and often hazardous
       | conditions experienced by the poor in Ancient Rome, who had to
       | endure such occupations to make a living.
        
       | bmarquez wrote:
       | The Ancient Romans used a sponge on a stick for washing
       | themselves after defecating. I always wondered who was
       | responsible for cleaning and replacing those sponges in public
       | latrines.
        
         | qingcharles wrote:
         | They used the three shells to clean the sponges.
        
         | 082349872349872 wrote:
         | amazingly there's a game (nearly) based on that value
         | proposition: https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/20082/pecunia-
         | non-olet-g...
        
         | cgio wrote:
         | In Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium) the name of the profession
         | with the responsibility of applying the sponge was
         | sphougkokolarios, sfougokolariis where sfougo is the sponge,
         | kolos is what you imagine it to be in context. The term is
         | still used metaphorically in modern Greek.
        
       | idlewords wrote:
       | "Mining" is rarely the wrong answer for worst job in any
       | premodern era. Incredibly taxing physically, dangerous,
       | claustrophobic, and with the constant risk of fire and being
       | buried alive. The only silver lining for ancient miners was that
       | they had little chance of living long enough to experience the
       | long-term toxic effects of their vocation.
        
         | quickthrowman wrote:
         | It's definitely mining for Rome, mining was done more or less
         | exclusively by slaves and life expectancy was short.
        
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