[HN Gopher] GPS Independence: Japan plans expansion of QZSS netw...
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       GPS Independence: Japan plans expansion of QZSS network to 11
       satellites
        
       Author : throw0101b
       Score  : 64 points
       Date   : 2023-05-13 14:18 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (asia.nikkei.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (asia.nikkei.com)
        
       | nimbius wrote:
       | Not to rain on the parade but GPS and glonass already offer
       | superior coverage, and chinas beidou constellation blows both of
       | these out of the water as well.
       | 
       | Are we looking to add QZSS to phones? Do a lot of phones already
       | support it?
        
         | SllX wrote:
         | QZSS is supplementary GNSS coverage that can service Japanese
         | territory if it needs to.
         | 
         | Only issue with BeiDou is it is controlled by the PRC. QZSS is
         | already supported by at least iPhones. Someone else can check
         | Android device compatibility.
        
           | nimbius wrote:
           | Fascinating, I didn't know this. My "old" oneplus 7 doesn't
           | support QZSS or BeiDou :/
        
             | SllX wrote:
             | There seems to be a couple of different ways Apple's
             | written out the specs for different iPhone years under the
             | location section, but going back to the iPhone 12 Pro it
             | has read the following:
             | 
             | Built-in GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, QZSS, and BeiDou Digital
             | compass Wi-Fi Cellular iBeacon microlocation
             | 
             | Officially, I think all of the non-GPS stuff isn't supposed
             | to work inside of the United States (enforced by the
             | vendor), but don't quote me on that as I saw someone in a
             | different comment chain mentioning that they've received a
             | QZSS on their phone in SoCal at some times of the day under
             | some conditions; but I think the tact most manufacturers
             | take (and this could be a Qualcomm thing too) is if it's
             | out there, may as well support it in an omnivorous fashion.
        
               | throw0101b wrote:
               | FCC officially allowed Galileo signals to be used in the
               | US in 2018:
               | 
               | * https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-approves-galileo-
               | global-nav...
               | 
               | * https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-approves-galileo-
               | global-nav...
               | 
               | Of course the actual signal was present in the US, but by
               | not 'officially' blessing its use, the FCC reserved the
               | right to use those frequencies for other things. By
               | giving approval the FCC has basically agreed never to
               | itself assign uses to the same frequencies, and folks
               | don't have to worry about future conflicts.
        
         | Rebelgecko wrote:
         | Phones have already supported QZSS for years. Maybe a decade
         | for Nexus phones and 5 years for iPhone.
         | 
         | The constellation is designed to help with some Japan-specific
         | problems. Eg Glonass is optimized for polar environments, not
         | helpful in Japan. For geopolitical reasons, Japan is also not
         | crazy about depending on Russia/China.
         | 
         | GPS assumes you'll usually be able to see a satellite when it's
         | at an oblique angle, not helpful in big cities with skyscrapers
         | where oblique birds can cause issues with multipath reflections
         | and all-around bad signal in urban canyons.
         | 
         | QZSS does it's best to make sure there's always a satellite
         | _above_ you, not off by the horizon. It plays nice with GPS and
         | has a very precise signal similar to the FAA 's WAAS )
        
       | throw0101b wrote:
       | Given the orbit used:
       | 
       | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-Zenith_Satellite_System
       | 
       | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra_orbit
       | 
       | Australia, Indonesia, and Papa New Guinea will also benefit.
        
         | bragr wrote:
         | My phone regularly picks up QZSS here in southern California
         | for what it's worth. At least at certain times of the day with
         | a good western view of the sky.
        
           | trillic wrote:
           | How do you know this???
           | 
           | Is there an app for displaying the exact signals your phone's
           | GNSS receiver is getting? I've played with cgps and am
           | familiar with it on the desktop side but never on mobile.
        
             | Rebelgecko wrote:
             | On Android you can read the raw NMEA sentences. Or just use
             | an app that parses it out and tells you which
             | constellations/augmentation sources are being used
        
             | bragr wrote:
             | I've used this app [1] for years. It has some paid features
             | you probably don't need or want, but the free version will
             | show you all kinds of constellation info.
             | 
             | [1] https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.chart
             | cross...
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | It's not likely to benefit unless it's near directly overhead
           | afaik. It's hard to use GNSS satellites at those angles, and
           | if you have a wide open view then most likely you've got
           | better angles to something closer in.
        
         | placesalt wrote:
         | comment retracted
        
           | icegreentea2 wrote:
           | Dunno who down-voted you - but what environment are you
           | operating in? One of the claims for the Japanese system (you
           | can see it in its orbital design) is that it specifically
           | provides more opportunities for overhead signal coverage,
           | increasing reliability/accuracy in mountainous and heavily
           | urbanized (ie, skyscraper canyons) terrain.
           | 
           | That all being said, I'm also of the opinion that this is
           | more of a defense play. QZSS has the nice property have using
           | geosync/geostationary orbits - I'd imagine that makes ASAT
           | work a bit harder.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | throw0101b wrote:
           | > _In peacetime, at least_
           | 
           | That's a huge proviso given recent geo-politics (and the
           | possible change of that premise may be why Japan is hedging).
           | 
           | * https://news.antiwar.com/2023/04/16/defense-official-
           | confirm...
           | 
           | * https://gpsjam.org
           | 
           | See also:
           | 
           | * https://www.zdnet.com/article/criminals-are-using-gps-
           | jammer...
        
           | kortilla wrote:
           | GPS is shit in Japanese cities because of the angle. Read the
           | article on QZSS.
        
             | MichaelZuo wrote:
             | The majority of the population in japan just lived with bad
             | GPS for the last 2 decades?
        
             | johnwalkr wrote:
             | In a place like Ginza or Shinjuku it can be really
             | frustrating to navigate using GPS when you exit a station
             | and your location is off by 20m and your compass is also
             | wrong by 90 degrees (I guess because of all the steel
             | buildings). I haven't read up on it in a while but I think
             | local augmentation for GPS, including indoors in malls, etc
             | will eventually arrive once we figure out how to provide it
             | as a public service instead of a bunch of companies
             | competing to make a proprietary services that serve
             | location-based ads.
        
               | myself248 wrote:
               | Isn't that essentially what we landed on with Wigle and
               | the various wifi location engines?
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | GPS doesn't work in dense cities without specific
               | corrections because it reflects off the buildings, which
               | means you don't know how long a signal took to get to
               | you.
               | 
               | QZSS helps but the receiver still has to be designed for
               | this specific situation.
        
         | photonbeam wrote:
         | Looking at the picture of the orbit, its a lot wider around
         | Australia, is that a benefit given the shape of the country or
         | happenstance
        
           | bewaretheirs wrote:
           | It's a consequence of the orbit's eccentricity - the perigee
           | (low point) in the orbit is to the south. The satellite is
           | moving faster around the perigee, and slower near the apogee
           | (high point) over Japan.
           | 
           | More info here: https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php/QZSS
        
             | throw0101b wrote:
             | Per that _Navipedia_ article, the Centimeter Level
             | Augmentation Service (CLAS) of QZSS also allows for
             | ionospheric correction data for the Indian and Pacific
             | Oceans, which could be helpful for other GNSS systems:
             | 
             | * https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php/QZSS#Centimeter_
             | Lev...
        
           | shagie wrote:
           | It's a version of the tundra orbit (
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra_orbit )
           | 
           | In https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra_orbit#/media/File:Ani
           | ma... its the green orbit.
           | 
           | The figure 8 shape can be seen in
           | https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Qzss-01-120s2.gif
           | though it isn't quite as extreme in its eccentricity as
           | orbits that are trying to service further north.
           | 
           | The shape is based on what is known as "apogee dwell" - that
           | from the ground perspective a satellite at apogee (the
           | furthest distance from earth) will be moving the slowest
           | compared to the ground view. When the satellite is closer to
           | Earth that same velocity will be covering more ground
           | distance (there will also be some actual change in velocity
           | based on how far down Earth's gravity well it goes in and out
           | of, though I haven't done enough orbital mechanics to say
           | with certainty). Judging by
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-Zenith_Satellite_System
           | it changes by about 10% as it gets closer to earth.
           | 
           | The main issue (and you'll see this if you use GPS in a city)
           | is that GPS can have difficulty in canyons - either urban or
           | natural.
           | 
           | https://www.traffictechnologytoday.com/news/connected-
           | vehicl...
           | 
           | You need line of site to GPS in order to get an accurate fix.
           | If there's mountain or building in the way, it can have
           | difficulty. Japan's cities are susceptible to this.
           | 
           | The QZSS system is designed to have a satellite directly
           | overhead of Japan so that when you are in a city there is a
           | satellite visible.
           | 
           | > The primary purpose of QZSS is to increase the availability
           | of GPS in Japan's numerous urban canyons, where only
           | satellites at very high elevation can be seen. A secondary
           | function is performance enhancement, increasing the accuracy
           | and reliability of GPS derived navigation solutions. The
           | Quasi-Zenith Satellites transmit signals compatible with the
           | GPS L1C/A signal, as well as the modernized GPS L1C, L2C
           | signal and L5 signals.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | dkjaudyeqooe wrote:
           | It's the narrow bit over Japan that is intended, but as it
           | happens the orbit tracks closest to the most populated parts
           | of Australia, on the coast. The central parts (tan on the
           | map) are more or less unpopulated.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | baybal2 wrote:
       | [dead]
        
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       (page generated 2023-05-13 23:02 UTC)