[HN Gopher] How fast can European steelmakers decarbonise?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How fast can European steelmakers decarbonise?
        
       Author : Pietertje
       Score  : 36 points
       Date   : 2023-05-12 20:36 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.economist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.economist.com)
        
       | quirk wrote:
       | Just please don't decarbonize my swords. I need them for work.
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | Now I want to know what you do for work that requires swords...
        
           | tmtvl wrote:
           | Fencing teacher?
        
           | pestatije wrote:
           | swordcery
        
       | easytiger wrote:
       | Only in the absurd world of carbon credits is this required -
       | something that is nearly impossible to do any other way - that
       | contributes practically nothing to global CO2 vs the incredible
       | benefit to society it proffers - has to stop. Why?
        
         | Barrin92 wrote:
         | decarbonizing the industrial supply chains is pretty crucial
         | because a lot of the other green infrastructure that's going to
         | be needed to be built around the world is going to be less
         | effective otherwise. If your green tech needs to run for years
         | to simply claw back what was required to make it that is a huge
         | issue.
        
           | easytiger wrote:
           | > _If your green tech needs to run for years to simply claw
           | back what was required to make it that is a huge issue._
           | 
           | An engineering mind would never prefer high risk
           | authoritarian enforcement of theoretical solutions to solve a
           | problem. You are reducing diversity to shoot yourself in the
           | foot
        
             | thfuran wrote:
             | Was the EPA a mistake because heavy industry without
             | dumping loads of shit in the rivers was a theoretical
             | solution that reduced diversity?
        
       | scythe wrote:
       | One thing I've been sort of curious about with non-carbothermal
       | iron ore reduction is whether it could bring back wrought iron.
       | Wrought iron disappeared around the 1960s due to high production
       | costs -- the crude product contains carbon, which must be removed
       | by working -- but iron produced with hydrogen or electricity will
       | not have a chance to absorb carbon like this. There's more to it
       | than that -- you have to achieve a particular grain structure and
       | fibrous silicate inclusions. But the corrosion resistance is nice
       | -- some wrought iron fencing in the highly corrosive atmosphere
       | of New Orleans persists to this day. One paper reported that the
       | corrosion resistance is better than mild steel but lower than
       | weathering steel -- but without creating the stains we associate
       | with weathering steel:
       | 
       | https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/237170109.pdf
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | Aren't some high-tensile steels rather equivalent to wrought
         | iron?
         | 
         | [edit]
         | 
         | I couldn't find any high-tensile steel with C alloyed below
         | 0.18%, which is more carbon than what Wikipedia lists for
         | wrought iron.
        
       | roamerz wrote:
       | The sooner that people realize that the climate is going to
       | change regardless of what humanity does the better off we will
       | be. When the reality sinks in maybe we can put our efforts into
       | adapting. Might have a chance that way.
        
       | Zamicol wrote:
       | The first solar-powered steel mill was recently built in Pueblo,
       | Colorado: https://gizmodo.com/the-world-s-first-solar-powered-
       | steel-mi...
        
         | dporter wrote:
         | The last paragraph of this article sums up a trend I keep
         | seeing in this industry I don't like:
         | 
         | > But while decarbonizing heavy industry is a good thing, the
         | folks behind this project are not my favorites. Lightsource BP
         | is a joint venture between the steel company EVRAZ and the
         | energy giant BP, as well as the utility giant Xcel Energy,
         | which will provide the steel mill with fixed electricity rates
         | through 2041. BP and Xcel wouldn't exactly be my top choices to
         | control the energy of the future, what with both companies'
         | histories of spewing out carbon emissions, greenwashing their
         | polluting business plans, and screwing over workers. I
         | personally don't think these kinds of companies should get to
         | make big profits on solar power or use it to paper over their
         | destructive legacies. But hey, maybe that's just me!
         | 
         | The alternative to this is what? Complete newcomers to the
         | industry attempting to execute multi-million or -billion dollar
         | projects? Anyone in an existing carbon-intensive industry is
         | going to have a "climate unfriendly" reputation because they
         | operate in a "climate unfriendly" industry. Attempting to block
         | existing players in the industry from decarbonizing seems
         | counterproductive.
        
           | Zamicol wrote:
           | You're right, omitting opinions would have made for a more
           | informative piece.
           | 
           | Here's some other (probably better quality) links: -
           | https://www.chieftain.com/story/news/2022/03/18/bighorn-
           | sola... - https://www.constructiondive.com/news/worlds-
           | largest-solar-p...
        
       | johanneswu wrote:
       | Without paywall https://archive.is/tzEcD
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | http://web.archive.org/web/20230512214044/https://www.econom...
       | 
       | https://archive.ph/tzEcD
        
       | ranting-moth wrote:
       | Is everyone decarbonising? India, China? I get the feeling
       | they're laughing all that way to the bank.
       | 
       | (All in favour of it, just everyone has to play along)
        
         | kieranmaine wrote:
         | This is covered in the article:
         | 
         | "Europe's steelmakers have one more strong incentive to get
         | decarbonising. Under the eu emissions-trading system, they are
         | currently awarded 80% of their allowances for CO2 emissions
         | free of charge in order to remain competitive with dirtier
         | producers in places like China and India. Over the next ten
         | years the eu will phase out these freebies and replace them
         | with a carbon tariff on dirty imports. If eu steelmakers stay
         | grey, calculates Morgan Stanley, their profits could sink by up
         | to 70%."
        
         | gjsman-1000 wrote:
         | They've made commitments, at least enough to convince Europe
         | and the US that they are working on it... but whether they will
         | spend more than $5.20 on enforcement, I doubt. Far more fun and
         | strategic to let the US and EU do what they do and shout "We're
         | with you!" from the sidelines. China also makes 80% of the
         | world's solar panels, so we shouldn't pretend that China
         | convincing the US to decarbonize doesn't have some pretty nice
         | business interest in selling them to us - even though it is
         | only 3.5% of their energy generation over there.
         | 
         | Kind of like how China is a WTO member, claims to support
         | Copyright, upholds Patent Law, and respects Intellectual
         | Property. They also respect their Constitution, including the
         | provisions for Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Speech, and
         | have an independent Supreme Court to enforce checks-and-
         | balances on their President. They also have a Functioning
         | Democracy with 8 other political parties. Anyone who has
         | actually interacted with them in any of those fields...
        
           | Haga wrote:
           | [dead]
        
         | ognarb wrote:
         | I wonder if at some point the EU should block the usage of
         | dirty steel and only authorize carbon neutral steel. This would
         | provide a great incentive for other countries to also invest in
         | clean alternative.
        
           | zokier wrote:
           | > The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism will apply to
           | imports across several sectors, _including steel_ and
           | aluminum, forcing them to respect EU environmental standards.
           | It will come into effect in 2026 or 2027.
           | 
           | https://www.lemonde.fr/en/environment/article/2022/12/13/eu-.
           | ..
        
           | penneallagricia wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
           | quasarsunnix wrote:
           | I think that's a great idea and could be applied to a lot of
           | industries with large offshore carbon footprints. Maybe
           | tariffs or quota limits that are linked to carbon?
        
         | TheSmiddy wrote:
         | China is rapidly decarbonising their transport, faster than any
         | other country.
         | 
         | They also produce the vast majority of the world's solar
         | panels.
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | > (All in favour of it, just everyone has to play along)
         | 
         | It's worth doing even _if_ others don 't. Especially for the
         | wealthy countries -- the poor countries emit relatively little
         | carbon per capita.
         | 
         | The new energy transition is from op ex to cap ex. Looks
         | expensive in the short term but a big win in the medium and
         | long term. Plus you get the benefit of reduced emissions. Sure,
         | other people do, but even if you're selfish it's a good deal.
        
           | goatlover wrote:
           | The climate doesn't care about per capita. The developing
           | world has the majority of the population, so the majority of
           | additional CO2 will be coming from there.
        
             | realityking wrote:
             | In effect you're saying that countries that are poor today
             | must not be allowed to reach the level of western
             | countries. I don't have a good word for it but that's a
             | very specific worldview.
             | 
             | If we believe that every country has the right to develop,
             | than the poorest countries emission will increase. Better
             | technology will flatten that increase but those are
             | expensive. Wealthy countries pioneering the widespread use
             | of these technologies will reduce cost and allow developing
             | countries to deploy them in the future.
        
               | spacebanana7 wrote:
               | > In effect you're saying that countries that are poor
               | today must not be allowed to reach the level of western
               | countries. I don't have a good word for it but that's a
               | very specific worldview.
               | 
               | Being charitable, it'd clearly be an environmental
               | disaster if everyone in the world consumed oil at the per
               | capita level of OECD countries. I imagine global oil
               | consumption would multiply manyfold.
               | 
               | > Wealthy countries pioneering the widespread use of
               | these technologies will reduce cost and allow developing
               | countries to deploy them in the future.
               | 
               | I too used to think this, but it seems like most of the
               | progress in solar has come from China. Similar with
               | nuclear power plants.
        
             | boterock wrote:
             | Fun way to look at it, you at the north give us a lot of
             | planned obsolence goods in exchange for our monies. North
             | even gets into politics pushing developing countries
             | infrastructure towards oil economies. and then, we consume
             | what you led us to, and suddenly we're the bad guys.
        
               | goatlover wrote:
               | Humanity is the bad guy. Well, the planet doesn't care.
               | It's about how much climate change we want to deal with.
        
           | bcrosby95 wrote:
           | It's not the 20th century anymore. China's per capita
           | emissions are higher than you're letting on. Higher than some
           | European countries.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | Wow, China's per capita emissions were, in 2018, ahead of
             | Israel, Ireland, New Zealand, Slovenia, Slovakia, Greece,
             | Bulgaria, Cyprus, Spain, Denmark, Italy, the U.K., Hungary,
             | Portugal, Turkey, France, Switzerland, Croatia, Sweden,
             | Ukraine, Latvia, Romania...the list they're behind may be
             | shorter [1].
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_carb
             | on_di...
        
               | hilios wrote:
               | I think those numbers lump the emissions from goods
               | produced in china and exported to other countries in with
               | the emissions from domestic consumption. So they are
               | inflated by China's vast exports. Yet even if you use
               | consumption based emissions, China was around Spain's
               | numbers in 2016 and by now probably has overtaken quite a
               | few of the European countries.
        
         | yongjik wrote:
         | There are Wikipedia articles for 2015 Indian heat wave (2,500
         | dead), 2016 heat wave, 2019 heat wave, 2022 heat wave, and the
         | current ongoing 2023 heat wave.
         | 
         | 2021 Henan flood killed hundreds and forced evacuation of 800k
         | people.
         | 
         | Imagine what you want, but nobody's laughing any more.
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | Prisoner's dilemma. What better way to pay for flood walls
           | and air conditioning, than profitable high-emission industry.
        
         | TrainedMonkey wrote:
         | This video summarizes this point pretty well -
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJdqJu-6ZPo&t=201s
         | 
         | I don't know the solution because the problem is huge, but my
         | strong suspicion is that focusing on industrial efficiency is
         | the largest needle we can move. Specifically, making it
         | economically sensible to use green technologies in developing
         | countries.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-05-12 23:00 UTC)