[HN Gopher] Psychoactive substance use by professional programmers
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       Psychoactive substance use by professional programmers
        
       Author : zdw
       Score  : 67 points
       Date   : 2023-05-10 18:27 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arxiv.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arxiv.org)
        
       | dws wrote:
       | "Notably, although officially psychoactive, we exclude caffeine
       | due to its near-universal prevalence in software."
        
         | mypastself wrote:
         | Running on 3 billion devices and all that.
        
       | comonoid wrote:
       | It doesn't even mention the Ballmer peak.
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | Alcohol is about interesting as a drug as caffeine or nicotine,
         | compared to its peers.
        
           | comonoid wrote:
           | It is interesting enough for the authors.
        
       | swayvil wrote:
       | Sometimes, when I hit a wall algorithm-design wise, I'll get
       | high. (weed).
       | 
       | It works quite well. Well enough to keep using it as a getting-
       | through-the-wall technique, certainly.
       | 
       | New ideas will present themselves. New perspectives become
       | apparent.
       | 
       | I recommend it.
       | 
       | (Attention is like a flashlight in a dark room. One of those
       | focusable flashlights. You can narrow the beam to a very bright
       | spot. Make a very small place very clearly lit. But that also
       | renders the rest of the room pitch black (how deep is that
       | darkness? Do you know???). Sometimes the broader beam is called
       | for. Sometimes it's useful to lose control of the light
       | entirely.)
        
         | mostin wrote:
         | Personally I get a Ballmer peak after a beer or two but I can't
         | code at all high.
        
           | swayvil wrote:
           | I can't code high either. I don't code high. I take notes
           | high. A sketchbook. Words, drawings, psuedocode.
        
           | thomasfromcdnjs wrote:
           | Same, love drinking while coding, one puff of weed and I'm on
           | Youtube before I exhale.
        
         | csdvrx wrote:
         | My simpler solution is to cut on my sleep for just one day:
         | after only 4h or less, I'm extremely tired but I have a lot of
         | new ideas and perspectives.
         | 
         | I'd only suggest doing that once every 2 week, and sleeping
         | normally at least each night for the week before for maximal
         | results.
         | 
         | Also, it's a bad idea to code when tired (due to risks of
         | negative productivity): it's better to just think and take
         | notes, draw diagrams etc
         | 
         | BTW I've heard people who are on ADHD drugs report a similar
         | "too focused" attention: a very narrow beam on a very bright
         | spot.
        
           | swayvil wrote:
           | I think it isn't a "too focused" effect so much as an "any
           | focus" effect. It's just a matter of degree.
           | 
           | And that darkness, that wraparound blind spot. _It doesn 't
           | exist_. You know what I mean? It, in all likelihood, is not
           | accounted for at all in your reality.
           | 
           | I mean, you don't say to yourself, "gosh, I'm blind to all
           | this stuff". No. _the stuff just doesn 't exist_.
           | 
           | And add habit to the mix, that subconscious robot. Habit that
           | governs this universe-dividing attention.
           | 
           | Titanic feats of reality-conditioning could be happening
           | right under your nose, constantly. And you'd never even know
           | it.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | TheDudeMan wrote:
       | I read the title and abstract as "psychodelic". Was really
       | excited to read the paper, then disappointed that it was about
       | Adderall and friends. When is the paper on psychodelic software
       | engineering?
        
         | DANmode wrote:
         | Use "microdose" in your search query.
        
       | stan_kirdey wrote:
       | it is well known fact that most programmers are unprofessional
        
         | filoleg wrote:
         | Ah yes, as opposed to all those professional people in finance
         | wearing suits doing cocaine on regular? Is it their choice of
         | the drug that makes it more professional?
         | 
         | And no, I am not speaking just based on stereotypes, I
         | personally observed it happen with a significant frequency with
         | friends working in the industry. And the fact that the big
         | finance office building I've been to had a very bice lounge-
         | like area with chairs, sofa, wardrobe+coat hangers, and a
         | coffee table as you enter any bathroom didn't help that
         | perception either.
         | 
         | Side-tangent note: I want to clarify what i meant by "a pre-
         | bathroom lounge-like area", because it indeed difficult to tell
         | what i was talking about just based on the paragraph above.
         | 
         | You walk through a hallway and see two bathroom doors (M and
         | F), so far everything is very usual. You open one of the doors,
         | and instead of a typical bathroom, you see the type of a lounge
         | room I described above. Literally just a normal lounge relaxing
         | room, with a coffee table, a few comfortable lounge chairs, a
         | small sofa, etc. You also see another door inside this lounge
         | room (in addition to the door you entered through from the
         | hallway). And that door is where the actual regular public
         | bathroom is, with a row of stalls, sinks, etc. So the lounge
         | room basically acts as a buffer room between the hallway and
         | the actual bathroom.
         | 
         | Is it a thing at all big finance companies? I don't know, and I
         | think probably not, so this shouldn't be treated as a concrete
         | proof of anything. And I honestly believe that only a small
         | minority utilizes that room for anything but its officially-
         | intended purpose. But it is a bit telling.
         | 
         | And no, I don't think this makes finance people as a group
         | unprofessional (or even as individuals; that would depend on
         | their actual behaviors and interactions at their workplace).
         | Just like I don't think a significant number of people in tech
         | being into various drugs makes them unprofessional as a group.
        
           | readthenotes1 wrote:
           | That's how women's restrooms used to be where I worked long
           | ago. No such lounge for the guys.
        
             | filoleg wrote:
             | Oh, that's interesting. For context, I am a guy and
             | definitely went into the men's restroom in that anecdote
             | above (so i cannot speak for the women's restroom in that
             | same hallway). I just assumed they would make the same
             | setups for both.
        
               | momirlan wrote:
               | checked the ladies room, same as gents
        
         | luxuryballs wrote:
         | and often most professional when on psychoactive substances
        
         | stan_kirdey wrote:
         | I am being sarcastic. Nobody even uses terms `programmer`, and
         | I've never heard `professional programmer` in any engineering
         | context. The title should state "Software Engineers ...`
        
           | yamtaddle wrote:
           | I use it all the time. "Software engineer" is bullshitty
           | industry jargon, I don't use it without people outside the
           | industry.
           | 
           | [EDIT] Not "professional", though, admittedly. Usually
           | "computer programmer".
        
             | OkayPhysicist wrote:
             | I like "Software Developer". What we do isn't anywhere
             | close to engineering, but programmer feels a little
             | constrained to just the coding aspect of the job.
        
               | yamtaddle wrote:
               | Yeah, I'll use that one sometimes, including with other
               | software folks. I think it pretty much captures the whole
               | thing.
               | 
               | "Software engineer" I reserve for certain contexts in
               | which I suspect I might be penalized for using another
               | term. I don't think it's very accurate for like 99.5% of
               | all "software engineer" jobs. Feels like using "sandwich
               | artist" for "dude who works at Subway".
        
           | hxugufjfjf wrote:
           | I actually literally just heard the host of the Rust podcast
           | Rustacean Station refer to himself as a professional
           | programmer, and immediately realising how off that sounded,
           | corrected it to <<got paid to write code>> or something of
           | the sort.
        
       | freedomben wrote:
       | Relentless driving is one of the things I feel the software
       | industry has really done themselves a disservice in the long run.
       | I know of several engineers who went on Adderall because their
       | performance (relative to their peers) wasn't high enough. With
       | the help of Adderall they were able to get to a similar level.
       | Then that raises the "average" which leads to more people having
       | to turn to heavy stimulants just to keep their jobs.
       | 
       | PMs and other management may feel like this is a win in the short
       | term, but it isn't sustainable long term. The sheer number of
       | software engineers who face burnout and/or have to take long
       | multi-month sabbaticals to recover is shocking when compared to
       | other industries where it's largely unheard of. Of course income
       | is a factor (most other industries people don't make enough to
       | allow them to take months off) but I don't think that explains
       | all of it. I don't have any data to back this up beyond my own
       | experience working in different industries, so take with a heap
       | of salt.
       | 
       | After so many years of this, it catches up to you. The difficulty
       | performing is (sometimes, not always) a natural sign that your
       | mind is overworked and needs a break. Regularly pushing through
       | that and even using medication to help you is not consequence
       | free. It's not just your mind that breaks down but also your body
       | (especially adrenals). You can't handle unhealthy levels of drive
       | and stress in perpetuity.
       | 
       | Take care of your self and remember that long after the company
       | has forgotten you, you're still tied to your mind and body. Take
       | care of those things as IMHO they are the most valuable
       | possessions you have.
        
         | gtop3 wrote:
         | This is largely the same argument for why performance enhancing
         | drugs are banned in sports.
        
         | sibeliuss wrote:
         | My experience working with folks who claim ADD and treat it
         | with Adderall is more akin to working with someone who has a
         | drug problem. Sleeplessness, suddenly missing work, constantly
         | forgetting to eat day after day, breakdowns, MIA in meetings,
         | really poor code, and more. This has happened > 3 times in the
         | past handful of years.
         | 
         | My totally uninformed take is that these individuals
         | emphatically do not suffer from ADD, but are victims of the
         | "ADD software engineer industrial complex" that basically preys
         | on folks who need a lot of focus to do their job. They get on
         | powerful amphetamines, like it, go deeper, and then suddenly
         | there's a _real_ health problem. It is a fact that these drugs
         | are over-prescribed; it's basically a crisis. And there isn't
         | nearly enough awareness of the dangers or the long-term impact
         | on mental health.
         | 
         | *Writing this as someone who has been down the addiction rabbit
         | hole in the past, and knows the ropes.
        
           | hirvi74 wrote:
           | My issue with the matter is that I have ADHD, and I didn't
           | seek treatment because of wanting to perform better a my job.
           | It's literally the difference between me keeping my job or
           | not, not crashing my car into another person's vehicle, etc..
           | 
           | I still vastly under-perform compared to my peers despite
           | being medicated. Any person that was taking stimulant
           | medications without ADHD would absolutely blow me out of the
           | water -- it's the main issue I have in regards to stimulants.
           | It's be like a professional athlete taking steroids or other
           | PEDs when competing against a high school aged sports team.
           | 
           | When other people use stimulant medication for non-medical
           | purposes then it causes me to be measured against an echelon
           | of performance that is basically unobtainable i.e. the best I
           | can function at is no longer "good enough."
           | 
           | I mean, sure, there are probably a few other factors that
           | also contribute to my issues other than just medication (lack
           | of organization skills, past traumas, etc.), but it has been
           | something I noticed even back when I was in college a decade
           | ago. I knew plenty of people that faked symptoms to get a
           | prescription. Meanwhile, I had to go through all kinds of
           | testing, interviews, etc. to get legitimately diagnosed.
           | 
           | However, I do not fault the individuals who take any
           | substance medicinally or otherwise. We are all trying to make
           | in this world, and I think a lot of our culture has created a
           | demand that leaves many with no other options -- sink or
           | swim.
        
             | sibeliuss wrote:
             | Just to be clear, ADHD is certainly a real thing, and I
             | have a lot of compassion for those who suffer it. My
             | anecdotal story is all about being able to clearly identify
             | when someone is suffering from addiction or drug abuse,
             | having been there myself. Such outcomes are a natural side-
             | effect of a culture that overprescribes addictive (and
             | often very enjoyable) chemical stimulants.
        
           | peyton wrote:
           | It is an ADA-recognized disability. You'd expect some trouble
           | at work without reasonable accommodations. The treatment
           | isn't 100%, as you've identified.
        
         | iLoveOncall wrote:
         | > but it isn't sustainable long term
         | 
         | Why would they care?
         | 
         | Long gone are the times where the majority of workers stayed at
         | a company for a lifetime, so getting the most out of them for
         | the few years that they will anyway stay is worth it in the
         | eyes of their manager.
        
         | idopmstuff wrote:
         | > The sheer number of software engineers who face burnout
         | and/or have to take long multi-month sabbaticals to recover is
         | shocking when compared to other industries where it's largely
         | unheard of.
         | 
         | Is there data to back this up? Also, if engineers do take
         | sabbaticals at a significantly above-average rate, is that
         | because others don't need them as much or because they don't
         | have the financial resources and relatively easy ability to get
         | a job post-sabbatical (speaking more historically than for the
         | current hiring environment) that software engineers do?
         | 
         | For context, I'm a PM who sometimes uses substances to help
         | with work and has also taken a couple of sabbaticals, though I
         | would not say the two are related. My sabbaticals aren't out of
         | a deep need to recover from burnout, but because I'm very
         | employable with plenty of savings. It's really nice to have a
         | few months off, and interviewing is much more pleasant when
         | it's your only job.
        
         | juujian wrote:
         | Interesting. I had always though that Adderall might at a cost,
         | I did not think it would be burnout. Was more curious how that
         | would affect your sense of judgement etc. I am not primarily a
         | coding person, and it always seemed more important to me to
         | have well thought out ideas than how many lines I can write in
         | an hour. So an environment where Adderall use is rampant, what
         | does that even look like?
        
           | jazzyjackson wrote:
           | I don't think it affects sense of judgement, it just allows
           | you to stay on task and grind where you might otherwise give
           | up / spin your wheels. The downside I see in the people
           | around me is that the drug makes you feel physically fine
           | even without proper eating or sleep, as long as you keep
           | doing the drug. But of course eventually it catches up with
           | you and I see people getting increasingly unreasonable, but
           | its from not sleeping, not from the drug itself.
        
           | farnsworth wrote:
           | Some people do it so that you can do a reasonable amount of
           | work in 8 hours then sign out and enjoy their lives
        
           | edgyquant wrote:
           | Most code is boilerplate and adderall makes churning that out
           | a breeze. It also allows you to quickly redo large amounts of
           | code etc. I went through this myself at a former place and I
           | moved so fast that I was managements favorite person- even
           | though looking back a lot of the design decisions were short
           | sighted.
           | 
           | I eventually got better, so I have no idea how long a person
           | can last before failing completely but it's at least a year
           | or two.
        
         | lisasays wrote:
         | _PMs and other management may feel like this is a win in the
         | short term, but it isn 't sustainable long term._
         | 
         | You're saying they were aware of the Adderall abuse as it was
         | happening?
         | 
         | Or just that they saw all these stellar high performers around
         | them and thought, "What's not to like?"
        
           | johnmaguire wrote:
           | I think it's more like... employee is put on a Performance
           | Improvement Plan (PIP), employee goes to doctor and gets an
           | Adderall script, employee is taken off PIP and management
           | considers this a job well done.
        
         | badpun wrote:
         | > The sheer number of software engineers who face burnout
         | and/or have to take long multi-month sabbaticals to recover is
         | shocking when compared to other industries where it's largely
         | unheard of.
         | 
         | According to studies, there's tons of burnout in most
         | industries - we're just the ones who can actually afford to
         | take the sabbaticals.
        
           | bazmattaz wrote:
           | Yep this. The rest of us have to take sick leave
        
             | yamtaddle wrote:
             | ... or just suffer for years then eventually have your your
             | life fall apart, because you've only got five sick days a
             | year and you already used four of those taking care of sick
             | kids who had to stay home from school, and it's only May.
             | You could take your annual ten days of vacation, but you'll
             | have trouble scheduling it as two full weeks in a row, and
             | also that's not nearly enough to make much difference even
             | if you could.
        
       | siliconc0w wrote:
       | I think this is looking at sentiment from interviews not
       | objective results. It's common for these substances to make you
       | _think_ you 're performing better but actually that may not be
       | the case. (Though the use of caffeine is pretty ubiquitous and
       | it's hard to deny at least short term improvements there, at
       | least until it starts messing with sleep)
        
       | ta988 wrote:
       | 26 participants? That sound like a really solid statistical
       | analysis. /s
        
         | fsckboy wrote:
         | statistical significance is a very subtle topic that I'm not at
         | all equipped to explain, but we can start with, "significance
         | comes from sample size, and is independent of population size."
         | If you flip a coin 26 times, you will establish its bias to a
         | high degree of certainty, results that will hold if you flip
         | the same coin a million more times.
         | 
         | if you are presented with a bag of a hundred coins, and another
         | bag of a million coins, and you sample 26 of them from each bag
         | and flip them, you will establish the same level of certainty
         | about the bias of the coins in each bag. or something like
         | that?
         | 
         | I'm sure there are people here who can explain it better than I
         | can, my point is to say "don't question a sample size of 26
         | unless you really know what you are doing"
        
         | tasty_freeze wrote:
         | It sounds like they aren't reporting on what % of programmers
         | use what substances. They interviewed 26 people for an hour
         | each to find what they take, why, and what for.
        
       | c54 wrote:
       | Interesting that coffee isn't on there.
       | 
       | I'd be interested in learning about drug use not during
       | programming tasks too, especially for something like weed or
       | psychedelics there's going to be much more use not at work,
       | compared to adderall and caffeine.
        
       | ipnon wrote:
       | The software engineers who I knew were taking "Prescription
       | Stimulants" were moody and hacked lots of code that caused more
       | bugs than it fixed. Some people want to use it to make them
       | better engineers but it can be a trap. The people who seem to be
       | okay taking it everyday are those with such debilitating ADHD
       | that they cannot get anything done in the course of a day without
       | it. If you are a good programmer ceteris peribus then adding
       | substituted amphetamine to the mix might backfire.
       | 
       | Now these people I knew were also lauded for the frequency of
       | their PRs and promoted. I suppose the crux is that if you're
       | going to start such a regimen make sure your company uses
       | perverse incentives as rewards.
        
         | groby_b wrote:
         | There's a large range of people who do have ADHD in a non-
         | debilitating way who benefit from medication.
         | 
         | Can I function without meds? Sure. But then I have to spend
         | every single day wrestling my brain to the ground continually.
         | There is no room in my life for anything but "functioning at
         | work", because it's tremendously exhausting (much more than
         | "normal") and leads to rapid burnout.
         | 
         | I'm a fairly decent SWE. Ceteris paribus I am - post meds -
         | roughly at the same quality level/volume of output I was
         | before, but I have a better life overall.
         | 
         | So maybe don't bulldoze a whole bunch of innocent bystanders
         | because you personally had bad experiences with a few people
         | abusing stimulants? (Also: Not all ADHD meds are stimulants)
        
         | ravenstine wrote:
         | There's probably some selection bias there. Many people with
         | ADHD aren't so proud as to announce to people that they're on
         | medication. It wouldn't surprise me if the engineers who told
         | you they're on meds are just brogrammers who just take the
         | stimulants for performance rather than to just feel normal.
         | 
         | After having spent over a decade in the field, I benefit a lot
         | from taking medication. I've been diagnosed with ADHD twice
         | independently, and was initially opposed to medication. At this
         | point in my life, I simply can't recapture the drive I once had
         | that helped me overcome my dysregulated attention. My meds have
         | helped me to _not_ burn out.
        
         | freedomben wrote:
         | > _The software engineers who I knew were taking "Prescription
         | Stimulants"_
         | 
         | Most people don't advertise or even share their list of
         | medications/prescriptions with their colleagues, so I would be
         | careful about drawing conclusions based on your sample. There
         | are most surely people you worked with that were taking stuff
         | that you had no idea about.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | gtop3 wrote:
       | Even though I never had any intention of taking illegal drugs
       | while employed, I've always turned down job offers that come with
       | a condition of drug screening. It always seemed invasive and
       | controlling, which is an awful way to start a relationship with
       | an employer.
       | 
       | This is counter to interviewed individuals who, despite drug use,
       | largely ignored company drug policies.
        
         | ipaddr wrote:
         | They don't screen for legal drugs like Adderall anyways
        
           | FredPret wrote:
           | "Pee in the cup" isn't how good jobs start
        
           | mtlmtlmtlmtl wrote:
           | Don't they? Amphetamine is on most standard screens and it's
           | not like the test can tell whether the amphetamine came from
           | prescription pills or street drugs.
        
             | op00to wrote:
             | The test just says pass or fail. If you show the testing
             | facility a script, they'll pass you for the thing.
        
         | wilg wrote:
         | Commander William Adama of the Battlestar Galactica has a
         | similar policy and it served him well.
        
       | ftxbro wrote:
       | If you read their pdf they are mainly talking about "Prescription
       | Stimulants (e.g., Adderall, Ritalin), Cannabis (e.g., Marijuana,
       | Weed), Alcohol (e.g., Beer, Wine), and Mood Disorder Medication
       | (e.g., SSRIs, Wellbutrin)" and others to less degree.
        
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