[HN Gopher] Patent for attention-based sequence transduction neu...
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       Patent for attention-based sequence transduction neural networks
       (2019)
        
       Author : ukuina
       Score  : 94 points
       Date   : 2023-05-09 17:24 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (patents.google.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (patents.google.com)
        
       | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
       | Google might go down as one of the greatest business failures in
       | history.
        
         | kernal wrote:
         | The vitriol you must have towards Google must consume you.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | A lot of us wish we had businesses that were half the failure
         | that Google is.
        
           | qeternity wrote:
           | I'd settle for 0.1%
        
           | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
           | Not me. I would choose my business a hundred times over
           | Google.
        
             | sebzim4500 wrote:
             | Do you own one of the three companies in the world worth
             | more than Google is? If not, then you would probably be
             | making a stupid choice.
        
             | dkfljvslkj2 wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
         | iamgopal wrote:
         | If one would have opportunity, who should be the CEO of the
         | Google ?
        
           | WanderPanda wrote:
           | Elon, releasing 150k people from their golden handcuffs
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | nerdo wrote:
           | Marissa Meyer
        
           | speedgoose wrote:
           | I suggest myself. I wouldn't mind a few hours of the CEO
           | salary and the line on my CV.
        
             | phkahler wrote:
             | Oh, can we get in line for this? I might even try to make
             | an improvement in my hours.
        
         | neximo64 wrote:
         | For a company that has
         | 
         | - cornered the market on AI researchers
         | 
         | - has the most researchers
         | 
         | - the best researchers
         | 
         | - has a head start on the GPU issue with TPUs
         | 
         | - has patents on the models everyone else uses
         | 
         | - already has distribution
         | 
         | - developed the models everyone else uses
         | 
         | - has models years ahead of everyone else (e.g video ones)
         | 
         | They sure are likely to be a filure, they're just late to the
         | party. Keep in mind Apple is always late to the party.
         | 
         | While I would agree with you the CEO of Google doesn't know
         | what he's doing, Google has the best of everything to succeed
         | in the race. It is incredible they are doing this all openly
         | and sharing their research with everyone while doing it.
         | 
         | The complaint with OpenAI is they are going too fast (the 6
         | months letter..) with Google they were going at a responsible
         | speed - which is where in a game theory fight with someone else
         | going faster, would leave them in the position they are today
         | in terms of perception, but not the loser.
        
       | karmasimida wrote:
       | I don't find this too be very controversial, Google sponsored the
       | invention of Transformer, they deserve to enjoy the benefits for
       | a period of time.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | But first they got everybody addicted to it ... including
         | OpenAI.
        
       | dudeinjapan wrote:
       | Attention is all you need. And a gigantic army of lawyers. But
       | mostly attention.
        
         | jahewson wrote:
         | Attorneys are all you need.
        
       | happytiger wrote:
       | Can't wait to see the patent system break under AI. It's time for
       | patents to go away or at least lower the timeframes of protection
       | so we don't stifle the innovation waves that are inevitably
       | coming.
       | 
       | Whole areas will be off limits and dominated by a few companies
       | -- the patent system is a system for the olden times.
       | 
       | The patent system unfairly enforced incumbent advantage and needs
       | to be reformed.
        
         | kelseyfrog wrote:
         | Even just making patents un-assignable would be an improvement.
        
         | cynicalsecurity wrote:
         | Besides, both China and Russia give zero shit about Western
         | patents.
        
         | thewataccount wrote:
         | I'm very curious to see if patents/copyright/IP just become
         | "washable" with AI making them near useless.
         | 
         | Given the recent determinations, it almost sounds like since it
         | won't be human made, it might not be protectable? Not to
         | mention the exceptions generally made for modifications to the
         | IP to improve it.
        
           | qeternity wrote:
           | People are going to work around this. Midjourney generates an
           | image, but then I change the opacity 0.01% and so it becomes
           | copyrightable (or whatever the smallest amount of human
           | modification is required).
        
             | thewataccount wrote:
             | > but then I change the opacity 0.01% and so it becomes
             | copyrightable
             | 
             | AFAIK Courts generally have determined it must be
             | "transformative" for fair use, and for patents - but like a
             | substantive change. You can't just add a pixel in a corner
             | and call it good.
             | 
             | https://www.justia.com/intellectual-
             | property/patents/types-o...
             | 
             | Slightly different (was for getting a patent for ai work) -
             | https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/AI-
             | CO...
        
           | orhmeh09 wrote:
           | Do you mean like, "Here is an algorithm for attention-based
           | sequence transduction neural networks. Come up with an
           | algorithm that is as similar as possible and produces the
           | same outputs, but is unencumbered by patents"?
        
             | thewataccount wrote:
             | Essentially yes. You can already do it very effectively for
             | code.
        
               | kazinator wrote:
               | Code is a specific expression covered by copyright, not
               | an incredibly broad claim that covers everything from
               | toasters to spacecraft.
               | 
               | If the code's algorithm is patented, you cannot get
               | around the patent by using different function and
               | variable names and perturbing the code organization.
        
               | orhmeh09 wrote:
               | Neat. Is there any way to thwart this? Edit: I suppose no
               | more than you could prevent a human from trying to do the
               | same.
        
               | morkalork wrote:
               | Sure, stop issuing patents for software!
        
             | efficientsticks wrote:
             | "Then, automatically file a patent for it"
        
           | sp332 wrote:
           | This only works for copyright. Patents don't protect parallel
           | inventions. And trademarks cover anything that could confuse
           | a potential customer, even unintentionally.
        
             | anticensor wrote:
             | Trademarks are field specific, unlike copyrights and
             | patents.
        
               | sp332 wrote:
               | Right. If your use of the trademarked name or logo is not
               | infringing, you can just copy and paste it. No laundering
               | necessary.
        
             | thewataccount wrote:
             | Yeah definitely doesn't cover trademarks as they are for
             | something else like you said.
             | 
             | To my understanding patents do allow for either
             | "improvements" or anything that achieves the same result as
             | long as it's not the same solution as the patent?
             | 
             | They would certainly be a lot trickier then copywrite/IP
             | but I think LLM's would still be able to generate possible
             | solutions? One thing I'm thinking of for example is
             | medication analogs - there's common substitutes you can
             | make that achieve the same or better results that you can
             | make.
             | 
             | To my understanding redbull actually did this (without ai)
             | to modafinil with this patent -
             | https://patents.google.com/patent/US20210380545A1/en
             | 
             | EDIT: Modafinil might have expired but it looks like
             | redbull filed their patent before the expiration.
        
               | sp332 wrote:
               | When arithmetic coding was patented, lots of projects
               | avoided using it. There was no workaround that got the
               | same results without infringing.
        
         | pclmulqdq wrote:
         | I'm not so sure it's going to break. Google may have a hard
         | time enforcing this one thanks to _Alice_ , but we will see if
         | they try. Given that there has been no lawsuit against OpenAI,
         | I'm guessing that they aren't planning to.
        
       | tejus_vignesh wrote:
       | Can someone explain how this will affect any open-source or
       | transformers-based model?
        
         | karmasimida wrote:
         | It means if Google sued (not in all cases), they can block your
         | service from using Transformer model.
        
           | sebzim4500 wrote:
           | Looking over the patent, I think they would really struggle
           | to enforce this against someone using a decoder only
           | transformer. Which is basically everyone at this point.
        
             | ttul wrote:
             | Yes, but patent US11556786B2 would perhaps give them that
             | ability.
        
         | mirekrusin wrote:
         | The party is over.
        
       | ttul wrote:
       | As the lawyer behind the one-click patent once personally
       | explained to me, it's the claims that matter most. And the first
       | claim matters more than all of the other sub-claims.
       | 
       | This patent specifically covers ONLY transformers in which there
       | is an encoder and a decoder.
       | 
       | Claim 1 of the patent contains the following:
       | 
       | "...the sequence transduction neural network comprising: an
       | encoder neural network configured to receive the input sequence
       | and generate a respective encoded representation of each of the
       | network inputs in the input sequence... and a decoder neural
       | network configured to receive the encoded representations and
       | generate the output sequence."
       | 
       | Claims 29 and 30 (the only other independent claims) also specify
       | an encoder and a decoder. So long as your transformer network
       | does not make use of an encoder in combination with a decoder,
       | this patent does not apply to you.
        
         | ttul wrote:
         | Of course, in patent US11556786B2, Google finally mopped up the
         | decoder-only idea.
         | https://patents.google.com/patent/US11556786B2/en
         | 
         | "1. A method of generating an output sequence comprising a
         | plurality of output tokens from an input sequence comprising a
         | plurality of input tokens, the method comprising, at each of a
         | plurality of generation time steps: generating a combined
         | sequence for the generation time step that includes the input
         | sequence followed by the output tokens that have already been
         | generated as of the generation time step; processing the
         | combined sequence using a self-attention decoder neural
         | network, wherein the self-attention decoder neural network
         | comprises a plurality of neural network layers that include a
         | plurality of masked self-attention neural network layers, and
         | wherein the self-attention decoder neural network is configured
         | to process the combined sequence through the plurality of
         | neural network layers to generate a time step output that
         | defines a score distribution over a set of possible output
         | tokens; and selecting, using the time step output, an output
         | token from the set of possible output tokens as the next output
         | token in the output sequence."
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | If you prune your transformer based NN after training, does that
       | still violate the patent?
        
       | netdur wrote:
       | here your moat google!
        
       | ianbutler wrote:
       | This does not mean much for non encoder-decoder versions. GPT and
       | the like are decoder only and wouldn't fall under this patent.
       | 
       | You can look at their supplied diagrams and general summary to
       | confirm.
        
         | ttul wrote:
         | Yes, but patent US11556786B2 claims the decoder-only
         | transformer.
        
           | ianbutler wrote:
           | Drats!
        
       | j-pb wrote:
       | ffs, that patent never should have made it in the european patent
       | office.
       | 
       | It's obviously math.
       | 
       | This whole "computer implemented invention" workaround is a
       | complete sham.
       | 
       | To think that the EU wastes billions annually on this broken
       | institution, while completely failing to properly fund startups
       | is simply infuriating.
        
         | eikaramba wrote:
         | EU? what are you talking about? The patent is registered in
         | USA. the only country missing from the list as far as i see is
         | actually the EU. Or did you mean USA instead of EU?
        
           | j-pb wrote:
           | The patent is applied (and granted) with multiple patent
           | offices. The European (EU) patent office is abbreviated as
           | EP.
           | 
           | See: https://patents.google.com/patent/EP3542316B1/en
        
       | arjvik wrote:
       | What are transduction neural networks, and how are they different
       | from existing attention-based transformer models?
        
         | mcyc wrote:
         | The mean transduction in the sense of sequence-to-sequence
         | models (transducing one sequence to another).
         | 
         | Attention based models don't necessarily need to be sequence to
         | sequence. They can be classifiers, decoder only, etc. Attention
         | is just one tool in the ML architecture toolkit.
        
         | ttul wrote:
         | Patent lingo is necessarily more generic than the lingo used
         | within the machine learning space. For example, within patents,
         | they will talk about using computers to do things, which is
         | obvious outside of the patent world. But when writing a patent,
         | you have to actually mention that you're going to use a
         | computer to implement a neural network.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | mosfets wrote:
       | Is Google actually suing or plan to sue OpenAI or Microsoft for
       | patent infringement?
        
       | Jackson__ wrote:
       | >2018-06-28 - Application filed by Google LLC
       | 
       | 2019-10-22 - Application granted
       | 
       | Should probably put a (2019) in the title. Furthermore
       | considering how fast the ML space moves, the fact that google
       | hasn't used this to create a model significantly better than
       | competitors seems to show that the patented architecture did not
       | perform better than others.
        
         | theGnuMe wrote:
         | I think this patent is invalid based on the disclosure date.
         | The attention is all you need paper was on Arxiv on 12 Jun 2017
         | and you have to patent within one year. In this case June 28th
         | 2018 is too late..
        
           | kurthr wrote:
           | Apparently, they thought of that, Line 3 of the patent
           | application US10452978B2:                  Provisional
           | Application No. 62/510,256, filed on May 23, 2017
           | 
           | There are however other patents and applications:
           | Neural machine translation with latent tree attention
           | US20180300317A1 James BRADBURY
           | 
           | I'm not an expert so I can't read the spec and claims as to
           | relevance with authority. However, it still wouldn't count
           | directly as prior art as it was published in Oct 2018.
           | Patents are now first to file and not first to invent (to
           | match the rest of the world).
           | 
           | edit: They do also site non-patent prior are regarding
           | attention. Whether this covers self attention I'm not clear
           | and of course their claims have been reviewed by the examiner
           | in light of the art so they're presumed valid until re-exam.
           | Luong et al. "Effective approaches to attention based neural
           | machine translation," arXiv 1508.04025v2, Sep. 20, 2015, 11
           | pages.Luong et al. "Effective approaches to attention based
           | neural machine translation," arXiv 1508.04025v2, Sep. 20,
           | 2015, 11 pages.
        
             | cma wrote:
             | > However, it still wouldn't count directly as prior art as
             | it was published in Oct 2018. Patents are now first to file
             | and not first to invent (to match the rest of the world).
             | 
             | There is an investor's grace period, as long as your own
             | public prior art disclosure is the earliest, you get 1 year
             | to file even under first to file. First to file refers to
             | people filing for undisclosed inventions, disclosure acts
             | as prior art against anyone else filing, along with the
             | grace period for delaying your filing.
             | 
             | Often "wow the company detailing internals at this
             | conference is so generous!" is actually them getting an
             | extra year on the of patent expiration date by taking
             | advantage of the grace period.
        
           | avsteele wrote:
           | I doubt it. They probably filed a provisional earlier.
        
             | theGnuMe wrote:
             | Ah yes, looks like they did.
        
         | gerash wrote:
         | The patent was granted in 2019. The patented architecture is
         | the Transformer architecture that everyone and their mom is now
         | using for LLMs. Patents in your portfolio help defend against
         | trolls and other hostile entities.
        
           | tough wrote:
           | Let's hope Google doesn't become the Troll here
        
             | lettergram wrote:
             | Is it really trolling if you're utilizing the tech and
             | someone is infringing?
        
               | mabbo wrote:
               | Consider Amazon One-click purchase. That patent was one
               | of very few (out of tens of thousands) that they defended
               | heavily. Every other company on the planet had to have at
               | least two steps to purchase an item or Amazon would come
               | knocking with lawyers. They did this until the day that
               | patent finally expired.
               | 
               | One has to ask: was that to the benefit of society?
               | 
               | Google may make good use of this tech. But it would be
               | better for all of us if everyone did and didn't have to
               | pay them a fee for the privilege.
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | > Google may make good use of this tech. But it would be
               | better for all of us if everyone did and didn't have to
               | pay them a fee for the privilege.
               | 
               | This is reverse logic because then Google would not have
               | published the tech and would have kept it a trade secret.
        
               | lettergram wrote:
               | 100% it's probably worth it in the end. You quite
               | literally may not have had Amazon without it.
               | 
               | In this case, google might not have funded the
               | development of transformers which could dramatically
               | reduce costs of everything for humanity.
               | 
               | Same goes for drug development.
               | 
               | That said, I think there's a question around software
               | patents and how long they should last. Perhaps it should
               | just be to recoup costs, plus some multiple. I'm not
               | sure.
        
               | bsjaux628 wrote:
               | Source?
               | 
               | I went to a talk done by Amazon's longest serving IP
               | lawyer and he explicitly called out that Amazon has only
               | gone to court (or asserted its patent, can't remember the
               | phrase) over a kindle related patent.
        
               | anamexis wrote:
               | They definitely sued Barnes & Noble for it -
               | https://www.pinsentmasons.com/out-law/news/amazoncom-and-
               | bar...
        
           | cma wrote:
           | Have they released it open-source with a patent grant
           | somewhere? As long as you derive from that...
        
         | CaptainNegative wrote:
         | Silly question, how did they get their patent granted in 16
         | months when I have some patents pending for more than 3x as
         | long?
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | Or, it shows that Google can't deliver products in this space
         | to (literally) save its life, no matter how good its technology
         | is (which they've also shown lots of other ways.)
        
           | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
           | Yes, the company with 8 billion user products can't do
           | anything.
        
             | brookst wrote:
             | Do you think Google has 8 billion products in the AI space?
             | 
             | Because it seems pretty clear that the criticism is that
             | Google is an advertising company that uses search as
             | leadgen, and is struggling to ship AI products.
        
               | cma wrote:
               | Google translate is widely used. Search also uses
               | transformers for generating snippit summary boxes.
        
       | lordvivek wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | hungryforcodes wrote:
         | What is the point here.
        
         | refulgentis wrote:
         | Meaningless spam? Why?
        
           | lordvivek wrote:
           | its an actual explanation of the patent. but as if you were
           | an alchemist. I thought it was funny.
        
             | boppo1 wrote:
             | Honestly this kind of stuff is already boring. It's an
             | extremely simplified explanation, and overall a pretty low
             | effort post. Don't get me wrong, ChatGPT is amazing, and I
             | had it write me some recipes in Plato's voice. But now the
             | novelty has worn off and this is essentially throwaway
             | content. It's not contributing anything to the discussion.
        
             | hungryforcodes wrote:
             | Why?
        
             | refulgentis wrote:
             | It's cool, I got -2'd and youre still up, I misread the
             | room. Just hope it's not the future here, no reason why
             | other people shouldn't post ones as a wizard, orc, crypto
             | ceo...
        
               | andrewchambers wrote:
               | Its getting down voted because if people want that sort
               | of thing they can generate it themselves.
        
               | refulgentis wrote:
               | There's a sort of circular logic there: the alchemist one
               | is fine because people wanted it, the other ones aren't
               | fine because people don't want it. I prefer an HN that
               | ends up skipping "explain [ARTICLE] as $X" altogether
               | unless $X is on-topic
        
             | bitL wrote:
             | It's actually a pretty good ELI5 explanation of attention -
             | "ingenious mechanism which illuminates certain symbols with
             | a bright light"...
        
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       (page generated 2023-05-09 23:01 UTC)