[HN Gopher] Study finds elevated levels of toxic metals in some ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Study finds elevated levels of toxic metals in some juices and soft
       drinks
        
       Author : elorant
       Score  : 170 points
       Date   : 2023-05-09 16:10 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (news.tulane.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (news.tulane.edu)
        
       | Rebelgecko wrote:
       | Kind of annoying that the study doesn't name the actual drinks,
       | it just breaks them down by categories and lists results for the
       | worst soft drink/sports drink/juice
        
       | downWidOutaFite wrote:
       | I don't know the chemistry but it would be great to have cheap
       | home tests for this stuff. The only available accurate cheap
       | tests are for lead, for more comprehensive heavy metal tests
       | you're looking at $200-400 and weeks of waiting.
        
         | zo1 wrote:
         | Sure, but isn't this the kind of thing we expect the government
         | or "FDA" to monitor regularly? It's peanuts for them to
         | regularly have each company that sells more than X million
         | dollars per year to send them a representative sample of their
         | products for testing.
        
           | 83 wrote:
           | Minor nit, but you really don't want to trust companies to
           | send a sample. You would need to ensure samples are acquired
           | through the consumer supply chain by the FDA.
        
           | downWidOutaFite wrote:
           | I agree, for food, though it would still be nice to be able
           | to "trust but verify". But the more common use case is
           | testing water from old sketchy pipes.
        
         | photochemsyn wrote:
         | Not really possible. The simplest setup for analyzing metals in
         | foods and juices (and supplements) is atomic absorption
         | spectroscopy, which involves digesting the sample in strong
         | nitric acid IIRC.
         | 
         | AAC setups appear to range from $5,000 to $25,000 (depending on
         | features like multi-sample processing automation etc.) at
         | present. A lab capable of safely handling nitric acid digestion
         | (fumes a bit) needs an effective chemical fume hood, which are
         | at least $20,000 for a fairly basic small hood, and each metal
         | you want to test for requires a separete protocol. See for
         | example:
         | 
         | https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-12/documents/70...
         | 
         | You can do a bunch of different metals at once with ICP-MS but
         | those systems cost around 10X as much as AAC.
        
       | HPsquared wrote:
       | Fruit juices and soft drinks are acidic, and will tend to corrode
       | and dissolve whatever metals they come in contact with - e.g. the
       | pipes and valves and containers. This produces a bunch of metal
       | ions, will end up dissolved in the liquid.
       | 
       | Along similar lines, acidity (well, really not enough alkalinity)
       | was a big factor in the municipal water problems at Flint,
       | Michigan: the water in the pipes was allowed to become too
       | acidic, causing it to react with the lead pipes - significantly
       | increasing the amount of lead dissolved in the water. Whereas if
       | the water had been more alkaline (higher pH), the lead in the
       | pipes would not have ended up in the water to nearly the same
       | extent.
        
         | Scoundreller wrote:
         | pH control is one method of stabilizing lead, orthophosphate is
         | another (which Flint didn't bother with).
         | 
         | > Most important, the treated Flint River water lacked one
         | chemical that the treated Detroit water had: phosphate. "They
         | essentially lost something that was protecting them against
         | high lead concentrations," Giammar says. Cities such as Detroit
         | add orthophosphate to their water as part of their corrosion
         | control plans because the compound encourages the formation of
         | lead phosphates, which are largely insoluble and can add to the
         | pipes' passivation layer.
         | 
         | ...
         | 
         | > The treated Flint River water had a relatively low pH that
         | decreased over time. According to monthly operating reports
         | from the Flint treatment plant, the city's water had a pH of
         | about 8 in December 2014, but then it slowly dropped to 7.3 by
         | August 2015. Environmental engineers say that if water pH
         | drifts too low in the absence of orthophosphate, the water can
         | start to leach high levels of lead from pipes.
         | 
         | > The pH drop over time seems to indicate that plant operators
         | in Flint didn't even have a target pH as part of a corrosion
         | plan, Edwards says. Water utilities usually find a pH that's
         | optimal for preventing corrosion in their system. For example,
         | in Boston, another city with old lead pipes, average water pH
         | held steady around 9.6
         | 
         | https://cen.acs.org/articles/94/i7/Lead-Ended-Flints-Tap-Wat...
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | pH is the fundamental thing, phosphate is the chemical patch
           | that allows low pH water to be used. Basically they switched
           | water source to something less alkaline than what they'd used
           | previously - and didn't do anything to mitigate this. The
           | phosphate is kind of a "patch" to the problem of low pH.
           | 
           | Fruit juice and cola is of course much, much more acidic than
           | the Flint water - orange juice for example is about pH 4
           | (that is, 1000 times more H+ ions than pH 7)
        
       | koalacola wrote:
       | Well that's horrifying
        
         | okamiueru wrote:
         | This is beverage sold in the US. It might sound a bit arrogant,
         | but food safety and standards in the US are much lower than
         | certain places. I hope research like this helps improve the
         | situation.
        
           | vuln wrote:
           | > but food safety and standards in the US are much lower than
           | certain places.
           | 
           | It is arrogant. You make a claim then do not show any
           | evidence or data. You do not name those _certain places_.
           | 
           | Which places and what data do you have to back up the claim?
        
             | lioeters wrote:
             | I neither support nor refute the claim, but one data point
             | is the Global Food Security Index. In their 2022 report,
             | the rating/ranking was:                   Finland
             | Ireland         Norway         France         Netherlands
             | Japan         Sweden         Canada         United Kingdom
             | Portugal         Switzerland         Austria         United
             | States         ...
             | 
             | https://impact.economist.com/sustainability/project/food-
             | sec...
             | 
             | ---
             | 
             | On the other hand:
             | 
             | Why There is Nothing Wrong With American Food Standards -
             | https://techround.co.uk/business/american-food-standards/
        
               | guhcampos wrote:
               | If you sort the index by "Quality and Safety", which
               | sounds like the most appropriate for this context, the US
               | comes in 3rd place, behind only Canada and Denmark, which
               | I actually found to be quite surprising.
               | 
               | On the other hand, what we perceive as the low quality of
               | food in the US might be more geared towards the
               | "healthiness" of that food and not its safety. For
               | instance, I will often eat fast food for a couple days
               | while recovering from food poisoning because I feel it's
               | generally safer than fresh food. That thing is absent of
               | any nutrition, but it's also almost sterile.
        
               | morsch wrote:
               | Interesting link! That seems to be the overall ranking,
               | though, not the one for the category "Quality and
               | Safety". Food safety is a subcategory of that, and
               | "relevant food safety legislation" a sub-sub-category.
               | 
               | The US scores a (perfect?) 100 in that sub-sub-category.
               | It also scores 100 in nutrition labeling, which I found
               | suprising, because my impression was that the nutrition
               | and ingredient labels in the US are pretty subpar
               | compared to the EU. But what do I know.
               | 
               | https://impact.economist.com/sustainability/project/food-
               | sec...
        
         | tppiotrowski wrote:
         | The headline or the data?
        
           | koalacola wrote:
           | Why not both?
        
           | mrwnmonm wrote:
           | Or your question?
        
       | ipython wrote:
       | Does anyone have access to the actual research to share the
       | brands and other information? I tried searching sci-hub but came
       | up empty. The paywalled link is
       | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105230
        
         | Unbeliever69 wrote:
         | The study included no mention of specific brands.
        
       | rootusrootus wrote:
       | Maybe putting "some", as in the original headline, would have
       | made it too long for HN? Certainly changes the meaning a bit.
       | 
       | It was less than 10% of samples tested. Not great, most beverages
       | did not pose a problem. I'd like to see a list of the ones that
       | tested postitive.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | OK, we've squeezed out the mixed fruits and put 'some' juices
         | in instead. Thanks!
        
       | crazygringo wrote:
       | I'm curious -- are these just the levels of metals that are
       | generally present in any natural soil? That has been in all of
       | food through all of mankind, but are elevated in juices because
       | plants concentrate it?
       | 
       | Or is this all a relatively new problem, whether from industrial
       | pollution or fertilizer contamination or farm equipment or
       | whatnot?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | simonsarris wrote:
         | Many soils have contamination for various historical reasons.
         | For example some cotton (and some tobacco?) fields in southern
         | states formerly used arsenic as a pesticide, then later
         | switched to rice production, and this rice has significantly
         | more arsenic in it than rice grown in California, which had no
         | such history.
         | 
         | I assume some of the arsenic in these juice samples is from a
         | similar pattern of usage.
        
       | outworlder wrote:
       | One more reason to stop consuming those. Freshly squeezed fruit
       | juice is already not amazing, but ok in small amounts. It's
       | better to just consume the fruits.
       | 
       | What they are selling in the supermarket can hardly be qualified
       | as fruit juice, and are basically differently flavored soda. Some
       | of them even manage to have more sugar than a Coke.
        
         | yamtaddle wrote:
         | The weirdest part to me is that the _flavor_ in many fruit
         | juices is artificial (or  "natural", but that can also mean
         | what most people would call "artificial", because our labeling
         | laws are designed to enable fraud). Pasteurization and such
         | take so much of the flavor out, that they have to add it back
         | in.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_juice#Not_from_concentr...
        
           | MBCook wrote:
           | They're also mostly apple and possibly pear juice because
           | those are so cheap, with other flavors/colors added.
           | 
           | Grape juice is absolutely not normally grape juice plus
           | possibly sugar. That would be too expensive.
        
             | floxy wrote:
             | >Grape juice is absolutely not normally grape juice plus
             | possibly sugar.
             | 
             | How sure are we on that? It has been a while, but I recall
             | something like Welch's tasting like grape juice.
             | 
             | https://www.welchs.com/juices/100-percent/concord-grape
        
               | MBCook wrote:
               | Seems like theirs actually is. But that's also likely why
               | it costs more.
        
         | BrandoElFollito wrote:
         | It depends where. In France a juice that is "100% juice" must
         | be made from squeezed fruits (any concentrate is forbidden).
         | 
         | It is till a lot of sugar and eating the fruit is way, way
         | better but at least there are no artificial whatever or added
         | sugar.
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | > It's better to just consume the fruits.
         | 
         | Allegedly orange juice in the grocery store was invented in the
         | mid 20th century as a way to sell more oranges.
        
           | teaearlgraycold wrote:
           | And sold by that homophobic lady
        
           | wusher wrote:
           | Also a side effect of creating industrial orange juice is the
           | actual flavor is removed and has to be added back.
           | 
           | https://gizmodo.com/dirty-little-secret-orange-juice-is-
           | arti...
        
           | snarf21 wrote:
           | Sure but it is also about storage and density. Oranges have
           | peels and don't stack that well and can be damaged.
           | Extracting the value into a mostly rectangular container
           | allows for the same product in an easier to distribute form
           | factor. The old tubes of concentrated orange juice took that
           | to an extreme by also removing most of the water and freezing
           | them.
        
             | TaylorAlexander wrote:
             | Also most OJ is concentrated during shipping and then
             | diluted with water during bottling, allowing for low
             | transportation costs.
        
               | gnicholas wrote:
               | They also homogenize the flavor of juice and concentrate
               | by stripping the oxygen and then adding in brand-specific
               | flavor packs at the end. This doesn't have to be reported
               | as a separate ingredient because it all comes from
               | oranges. [1]
               | 
               | 1: https://gizmodo.com/dirty-little-secret-orange-juice-
               | is-arti...
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | gniv wrote:
         | > Freshly squeezed fruit juice is already not amazing,
         | 
         | Which fruit juice are you finding not amazing? To me orange,
         | grapefruit juices are pretty amazing and quite a different
         | experience from eating the raw fruit (which I like too).
        
           | xenospn wrote:
           | I'm guessing they mean not amazing as in "not very healthy".
        
       | gnicholas wrote:
       | Just to clarify, they were measuring the juices and sodas against
       | the standards for water, not food in general. It's still not
       | great, but I believe the standards for water are much stricter
       | than for food because it is consumed in such great quantities. So
       | this isn't as big a deal as when rice is found to have too much
       | arsenic, or chocolate has high levels of heavy metals -- measured
       | against food standards.
        
         | armchairhacker wrote:
         | Still not good for the people who chug several 64oz bottles of
         | Diet Coke a day
        
           | msluyter wrote:
           | I feel seen. Diet Coke is my albatross, and it has all the
           | hallmarks of a serious addiction. I'm currently going through
           | another round to trying to stop, and I'm seriously always
           | thirsty and craving it.
        
             | kelipso wrote:
             | Green tea, lemon juice, bit of salt, chilled gets me that
             | hit. Not diet coke, specifically just sodas in general.
        
             | loopdoend wrote:
             | Bill Gates drinks it every day it can't possibly be bad for
             | you. At least that's what I tell myself.
        
             | nix0n wrote:
             | In my experience, caffeine addiction and "other stuff in
             | diet cola" addiction are two separate things.
             | 
             | It might not be possible to kick both at once, but I feel
             | like my life is better since switching mostly to coffee.
             | 
             | Good luck!
        
               | doubled112 wrote:
               | I think black coffee gives me the caffeine I need to get
               | through the day without most of the harmful effects of
               | Coke, diet or otherwise.
        
             | throw_pm23 wrote:
             | Just drink plain water, we've been doing that for millions
             | of years.
        
           | TaylorAlexander wrote:
           | I suppose those people might have bigger problems.
        
           | olliej wrote:
           | That's why I stick to cans of non-diet soda :D :D
        
             | DANmode wrote:
             | Are cans still coated?
        
               | olliej wrote:
               | I was making a joke :D
               | 
               | But to answer the question I believe that they are -- I
               | still see periodic demonstrations of dissolving a full
               | can of soda with acid leaving the soda contained (first
               | yt hit: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/xIVONw9Pr4w)
        
               | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
               | I think they were making a joke which presumes that they
               | are. (I also wish I could answer your question but I do
               | not know.)
        
               | yamtaddle wrote:
               | Yeah, and so are e.g. canned veggies or beans or fruit.
               | More food touching plastic, but somewhat less botulism
               | and spoilage than before we did that.
        
           | philshem wrote:
           | > Man Who Drinks 5 Diet Cokes Per Day Hoping Doctors Working
           | On Cure For Whatever He's Getting
           | 
           | https://www.theonion.com/man-who-drinks-5-diet-cokes-per-
           | day...
        
         | pfdietz wrote:
         | > rice is found to have too much arsenic
         | 
         | BTW, I read of a better way to cook brown rice that reduces
         | arsenic. Instead of 1 part rice, 2 parts water, simmer for 45
         | minutes, one does this:
         | 
         | 1. Cook brown 1 part brown rice in 6 parts water for 30
         | minutes. 2. Strain to remove the water. Put rice in a steamer
         | basket. 3. Steam for 10 minutes.
         | 
         | Much of the arsenic is carried away in the water in step 2. The
         | rice also comes out much fluffier.
        
           | nicholasjarnold wrote:
           | I read something along these lines in the past couple of
           | years too. Seeing this comment here I've taken the liberty of
           | finding something 'official' in this regard.
           | 
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16876928/
           | 
           | tl;dr - rinse your rice with clean water and then cook it at
           | a ratio of 1:6 rice:water followed by draining the excess
           | water will more than halve the amount of arsenic in the
           | finished product
           | 
           | edit - tl;dr updated for accuracy
        
           | gnicholas wrote:
           | Sounds interesting, and plausible. It's unfortunate that
           | brown rice has more arsenic than white, since much of it is
           | in the husk (brown part). I wonder how much this cooking
           | method equalizes things (and if it would also be helpful for
           | white rice).
        
         | justin66 wrote:
         | > I believe the standards for water are much stricter than for
         | food because it is consumed in such great quantities.
         | 
         | No, that's not why you so often see reference to the defined
         | safe level of toxins in water when talking about foods. FDA
         | does not always have standards defined for levels of those
         | toxins in food, but there might be a level defined by EPA for
         | water. If you want an official, scientifically plausible number
         | to fall back on, the level defined for water is at least
         | something.
         | 
         | For example, FDA didn't have a defined safe level of arsenic in
         | rice-based foods for infants until 2020, and there's still no
         | defined safe level of for adults AFAIK. There's nothing
         | mysterious about this: the ag industry lobbies against these
         | standards, and lobbies to weaken them as much as possible when
         | they exist. But babies are cute, so eventually FDA made a
         | standard, at least for infants - after years of pressure from
         | groups like Consumer Reports.
         | 
         | The paper referenced in the article says:
         | 
         |  _The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has proposed an
         | action level of 10 mg /L of inorganic arsenic in apple juice
         | (USFDA, 2013)._
         | 
         | which suggests that at the time of writing, there's isn't an
         | official number defined by the FDA. Based on the language on
         | the FDA's website [0] I assume "draft guidance" (which has been
         | in existence as a "draft" for a decade) means producers won't
         | be held accountable for exceeding the numbers there.
         | 
         | https://www.fda.gov/food/environmental-contaminants-food/ars...
        
           | ajd1988 wrote:
           | Ah, the classic dance between regulatory agencies, lobbyists,
           | and the cuteness of babies. It's fascinating how the lack of
           | standards for certain toxins in food can lead us to lean on
           | the water-based standards, even though it might not be the
           | most accurate comparison.
           | 
           | I suppose it is a decent fallback -but it's a reminder that
           | regulatory frameworks could use some refinement!
        
             | wahnfrieden wrote:
             | Cute that your response to endless collusion is that it's
             | "decent" but "needs some refinement". Have fun advocating
             | for that with your vote at the polling station.
        
               | weberer wrote:
               | >Have fun advocating for that with your vote at the
               | polling station
               | 
               | Well first show me a politician that wants to get rid of
               | the lobbyist system. The last one I heard of was Ron Paul
               | over a decade ago.
        
               | wahnfrieden wrote:
               | No politician. That's the point.
        
               | pedantismo wrote:
               | Technically it's illegal in most jurisdictions to
               | advocate for things while actually present at the polling
               | station ;D
        
       | blueyes wrote:
       | Which are almost as harmful as the sugar that most of those
       | drinks use to addict their consumers.
        
       | gottebp wrote:
       | Does the FDA not randomly sample and test for this sort of thing?
       | Why does it take a university study to discover it?
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | $$$$$ whether the amount they don't have in a budget or the
         | amount they receive from lobbyists to prevent it from happening
        
         | justin66 wrote:
         | FDA doesn't have defined safe levels for some of these toxins
         | in food, hence the reliance by the paper's authors on EPA's
         | defined safe levels in water.
         | 
         | It's not an accident, and it's not like it never occurred to
         | anyone that we might want to pay attention to heavy metal
         | levels in food. Who do you think has more money to spend on
         | lobbyists and campaign contributions, the people who want FDA
         | to pay attention to this or the people who don't?
         | 
         | https://www.theonion.com/american-people-hire-high-powered-l...
        
         | judge2020 wrote:
         | The FDA likes to rely on well-supported, highly controlled
         | studies before they put tons of resources into performing long
         | term testing of products. Remember that the FDA not only does
         | consumer food but also pharmaceutical drugs, medical implants,
         | vaccines, etc. with only a $3.4 Billion yearly budget.
        
       | aresant wrote:
       | Same issues endemic in bottled water ->
       | 
       | https://www.consumerreports.org/water-quality/whats-really-i...
       | 
       | Anybody know of a beverages brand that prioritizes filtration /
       | actual health of their consumers?
       | 
       | I would LOVE to fund a startup that focused on that from a CPG
       | perspective or alternatively some actual scientifically relevant
       | and ongoing standards labeling for food, beverages, etc
        
         | ben7799 wrote:
         | Better to just drink tap water that's filtered. Even if you
         | don't filter the water tap water is already held to a higher
         | standard and it's easier to get your local test data.
         | 
         | I get test data mailed to me quarterly about my tap water
         | without having to ask for it or sign up. I've never seen any
         | test data to speak of for any bottled water.
         | 
         | And the tap water is not stored in plastic bottles.
        
           | Unbeliever69 wrote:
           | Purchased a Pristine Hydro https://pristinehydro.com/ system
           | a few years back and absolutely love it. Pays for itself in
           | convenience alone as we were accustomed to filling up
           | containers at a local aquifer or grocery store (RO filtered).
        
           | andrewl wrote:
           | I've never heard of such a service, but I'd love to get data
           | like that. Where do you live?
        
             | gnicholas wrote:
             | We get annual reports in the Bay Area (Bear Gulch
             | reservoir). One time we had an issue and they came out and
             | did testing on our specific taps. We tried again more
             | recently and they seem to have retired the service.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | semiquaver wrote:
         | Topo Chico? Say it ain't so!
        
           | zackangelo wrote:
           | They've since reduced PFAS levels by half but still not
           | great: https://www.consumerreports.org/bottled-water/topo-
           | chico-cut...
        
         | antoniuschan99 wrote:
         | There's this video on Zephyr Water but it's now owned by
         | Nestle.
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/3XA9hElPJNs
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | The study's infographic is here:
       | 
       | https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S08891575230010...
        
       | dataangel wrote:
       | > These soft drinks are often consumed in smaller quantities than
       | water
       | 
       | Incorrect for lots of people.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | 226_ebro_treaty wrote:
         | Yikes, considering I consume 2 L of Coke Zero every day
         | almost...
        
           | jnwatson wrote:
           | It took me some effort to limit to 2L a day.
        
           | teaearlgraycold wrote:
           | Excuse me but what the fuck?
        
             | crazygringo wrote:
             | Coke Zero is literally 99+% water.
             | 
             | Some people like flavored/bubbly water over plain flat
             | water. Some people do Perrier, some do LaCroix, some do
             | Coke Zero. All of these are essentially nutritionally
             | identical.
             | 
             | Really just a question of whether you think the artificial
             | sweetener has an adverse effect on your health, which in
             | these quantities it doesn't seem to. And if you want
             | caffeine -- the caffeine in a liter of Coke Zero is the
             | same as a single cup of coffee, so this is the same as a
             | fairly normal 2 cups of coffee per day.
        
               | lagniappe wrote:
               | that much dark stuff going through your kidneys to become
               | clear can't be good.
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | That's not how the body works. And it's just caramel
               | color.
        
               | copperx wrote:
               | Not just caramel color. Phosporic acid, which is found in
               | cola drinks and not sparkling water, creates kidney
               | stones.
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | But the effect is mainly in sugary drinks, not diet. In
               | fact, a study found that diet cola _decreased_ kidney
               | stones, although not meaningfully, so it 's probably zero
               | effect at all [1]:
               | 
               | > "There was a 23% higher risk of developing kidney
               | stones in the highest category of consumption of _sugar-
               | sweetened cola_ compared with the lowest category "
               | 
               | > " _Artificially sweetened_ sodas were marginally
               | associated with kidney stones, with an _inverse relation
               | for colas_ and a direct relation for noncolas. "
               | 
               | So no worries about your Coke Zero giving you kidney
               | stones. The culprit seems to be the fructose, rather,
               | which Coke Zero doesn't contain:
               | 
               | > "Higher consumption of sugar-sweetened soda was
               | associated with a higher incidence of kidney stones,
               | which may be because of the fructose content. Fructose
               | has been shown to increase the urinary excretion of
               | calcium, oxalate, and uric acid, thus increasing the risk
               | of stones."
               | 
               | [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3731916/
        
               | ed25519FUUU wrote:
               | Don't many people drink 2 or even 3 cups of coffee a day?
        
             | acuozzo wrote:
             | This is not unusual in many parts of the USA, even for
             | full-sugar Coke.
             | 
             | Google "Mountain Dew Mouth".
        
             | yamtaddle wrote:
             | The large drink size at a major gas station chain around
             | here is about 1.8 liters. It's a popular size. Some people
             | may drink one over multiple days, but that's not the norm.
             | And that's not the largest size any gas stations around
             | here have.
             | 
             | Some "medium" sodas at fast food joints are over a liter,
             | these days.
             | 
             | People who drink a lot of soda, in the US, really DRINK A
             | LOT OF SODA.
             | 
             | Consider also that it's been the norm for years, in the US,
             | to have free refills on soda at restaurants (with waiters
             | eagerly topping them off constantly) and that many fast
             | food places have self-serve soda that's either explicitly
             | or _de facto_ unlimited refill, if you go inside to eat
             | rather than using the drive-through.
        
               | chrisbolt wrote:
               | "Then there is a horrifying 512oz version that they call
               | 'Child size'. How is this a child size soda?"
               | 
               | "Well, it's roughly the size of a two year old child, if
               | the child were liquefied."
        
           | Semaphor wrote:
           | I consume about 4-5L when I'm having it with alcohol, but I
           | also consume 6L and more of tap water a day.
        
           | chillbill wrote:
           | This is seriously bad for your health and wallet.
        
           | jader201 wrote:
           | Not sure if you're serious or not, but in case you're
           | unaware, there are a number of health problems[1] found from
           | over-consumption of diet sodas (aside from anything this
           | study has surfaced).
           | 
           | [1] https://www.uclahealth.org/news/observational-studies-
           | shed-l....
        
             | crazygringo wrote:
             | That article makes clear these potential risks come from
             | observational studies, not controlled experiments.
             | 
             | And if consumption of diet soda correlates with other
             | things, for example an unhealthier diet in general that the
             | person "compensates" for by only drinking diet soda, then
             | it would show up in an observational study even though
             | there's no cause-and-effect.
             | 
             | But remember, diet soda is 99+% water. Really the only
             | hypothetical problems with diet soda could be 1) artificial
             | sweetener chemicals in the body triggering cancer or other
             | ailments, and 2) artificial sweeteners triggering a
             | glucose-like response triggering weight gain. But studies
             | with rats indicate 1) shouldn't be an issue at anywhere
             | near the concentrations in diet soda, and 2) seems rather
             | far-fetched.
        
               | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
               | My man... you are arguing FOR drinking a 2L of soda a
               | day. Take a step back, your reasons for why studies
               | aren't conclusive might be good, and I may not be able to
               | refute them... but look at the ridiculousness of your
               | position.
        
               | judge2020 wrote:
               | Even so, backing things up with data and proving things
               | via the scientific method is one of our most powerful
               | tools we have to get people to listen to an argument.
               | Without controlled experiments, why should anyone take
               | your position or the opposing position on the issue?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | _Diet_ soda, not sugary soda.
               | 
               | It's not what I do personally but I also don't judge,
               | because scientifically, it's basically just water.
               | 
               | Do you have a problem with somebody drinking 2 cans'
               | worth of LaCroix in the morning, 1 at lunch, 2 in the
               | afternoon, and 1 at dinner? Why should that suddenly
               | become "ridiculous" because an eyedropper amount of
               | caramel color, caffeine, and artificial sweetener get
               | added?
        
               | Liquix wrote:
               | Diet coke has a pH of 3.2-3.6. Something that is
               | "basically just water" shouldn't dissolve enamel.
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | There's no evidence it does so meaningfully. All that
               | stuff about "leave a tooth in Coke overnight and it'll
               | dissolve" is 100% urban legend.
               | 
               | We're eating and drinking acidic things all day long,
               | orange juice and grapefruits and the rest. And diet soda
               | doesn't adhere in a layer to your teeth, the way things
               | like orange juice and sugary Coke do.
               | 
               | Our enamel repairs itself through our saliva. Otherwise
               | you'd never be able to drink a lemonade or eat a
               | grapefruit. The acidity of Coke Zero is a nonissue in the
               | context of a normal diet.
               | 
               | (Not to mention that flavored carbonated waters like La
               | Croix and Bubly are also acidic. Bubly grapefruit flavor
               | is pH 3.86, while Coke Zero is 3.18, from a quick
               | Google.)
        
               | Mindstormy wrote:
               | One item I believe that hasn't been mentioned are the
               | effects of carbonated water/soda on ones oral health.
        
               | wolongong942 wrote:
               | I've also been drinking 2.25l of coke zero every day for
               | 5 years and it has been a game changer for both weight
               | and oral health. Previously i required fillings quite
               | frequently and none over that period. Obv nobody should
               | drink any soda if they don't have to but if replacing
               | consumption of sugary drinks it's extremely effective for
               | health gains. And most of the anti sugar-free soda
               | studies are bro science.
        
               | hgomersall wrote:
               | It's increasingly becoming apparent that artificial
               | sweeteners are not so biologically inert as might be
               | desired:
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8156656/ .
               | Do what you will with that information. I make no
               | judgement.
        
               | vlunkr wrote:
               | They're really not. They're saying it's probably ok to do
               | so. Which is not the same as an endorsement. I'm not sure
               | why you have a problem with that.
        
       | glyphy177 wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | nortonham wrote:
       | it's too bad they don't name the brands
        
       | somethoughts wrote:
       | Seems like this study was conducted primarily in Louisiana. "A
       | total of 60 beverage samples purchased from local
       | supermarkets/retail stores in New Orleans, Louisiana, were
       | refrigerated and homogenized..."
       | 
       | Louisiana is not quite known for its strict environmental
       | standards (including water quality). [1] Presumably most soft
       | drinks and juices are bottled at plants locally using local water
       | supplies as carrying liquids long distances is not economically
       | advantageous.
       | 
       | Its unclear (to me at least) if any of these findings are
       | applicable to soft drinks/juices in other states with stricter
       | water quality standards.
       | 
       | [Edit] Definitely not saying soft drinks/juices aren't toxic, I'm
       | mostly pointing out this is a local/regional study and I feel
       | therefore its implications are therefore local/regional.
       | 
       | I'd prefer:
       | 
       | - more local/regional studies for my location or
       | 
       | - a randomly sampled nation wide study or
       | 
       | - a control group against local/regional bottled water
       | 
       | before I make broad conclusions/make a change in lifestyle.
       | 
       | That said I mostly don't drink soft drinks/bottled water.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.wwno.org/coastal-desk/2022-09-29/louisiana-
       | ranks...
        
         | ars wrote:
         | You might not realize this, but it actually rains in Louisiana.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | That doesn't mean that I won't feel slimy after a shower.
        
           | readthenotes1 wrote:
           | Not much of a comfort if you live in that stretch between
           | baton rouge and New Orleans...
        
           | selimthegrim wrote:
           | They also have things like national grocery chains!
        
             | InCityDreams wrote:
             | As a Europeon, I'm not sure if your comment would be
             | regarded as a positive, or negative.
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | I buy mostly from a local one personally and a little
               | from Fresh Market but in this regard national chains
               | wouldn't be affected by any putative local water quality
               | problems
        
               | local_crmdgeon wrote:
               | As a reminder, Louisiana is a lot wealthier than you
               | think it is: https://fee.org/articles/most-of-europe-is-
               | a-lot-poorer-than...
        
         | justin66 wrote:
         | > Presumably most soft drinks and juices are bottled at plants
         | locally using local water supplies as carrying liquids long
         | distances is not economically advantageous.
         | 
         | Moving freight in the continental US is _cheap._
         | 
         | In the US there are nineteen Coca-Cola bottling plants in
         | fourteen states. None of those bottling plants are in
         | Louisiana. Not difficult information to find.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Coca-Cola_buildings_an...
        
           | yamtaddle wrote:
           | > Moving freight in the continental US is cheap.
           | 
           | 1) We have one of the best freight river systems in the
           | world: the Mississippi/Missouri. River transport is
           | _insanely_ cheap.
           | 
           | 2) Our passenger rail system may be some combo of "worse than
           | many developing-world nations" and "nonexistent", but our
           | freight rail network's quite good. Rail's cheap.
           | 
           | 3) We subsidize the everloving _shit_ out of truck
           | transportation, making it really cheap, too.
        
           | somethoughts wrote:
           | Good point. That said, it's likely Louisiana distribution is
           | sourced from a bottling plant that's regional and regionally
           | water quality is not great. It's unclear to me that Arkansas
           | and Missouri have superior tap water quality.
        
             | selimthegrim wrote:
             | Barq's formerly had bottling in Louisiana (due to a
             | franchising dispute with the MS originators)
        
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