[HN Gopher] The grid isn't ready for 300M EVs by 2030
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The grid isn't ready for 300M EVs by 2030
        
       Author : Brajeshwar
       Score  : 131 points
       Date   : 2023-05-06 15:11 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.weforum.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.weforum.org)
        
       | jdeibele wrote:
       | I've had a Chevy Bolt EUV for 3 weeks. We are moving to a new
       | house that has a 240V outlet in the garage. This house does not,
       | so I'm using the stock Chevy portable charging cable with the
       | 110V adapter, not the 240V one.
       | 
       | Setting a known location (like home) means that you can charge at
       | 12A because you can tell the car there's nothing else on the
       | circuit. Otherwise, it will charge at 8A to avoid overloading the
       | circuit.
       | 
       | The Bolt charges about 3.5 miles per hour on 110V, which is 35
       | miles of range or more overnight, which is fine for this
       | situation.
       | 
       | Somebody in the neighborhood has a PHEV Subaru. They park on the
       | wrong side of the street (can be ticketed for this in Portland)
       | so they can run their charging cable out a window and plug it
       | into the car. It is almost certainly another 110V.
       | 
       | The local utility offers $25 off if you let them control your
       | smart thermostat during the winter and summer (not spring or
       | fall) seasons. You have to participate in at least half of the
       | events to qualify.
       | 
       | The typical recommendation for EV batteries is to charge them to
       | 80% unless you need more. There are times where energy prices
       | have gone negative because utilities have too much electricity
       | from solar or wind power.
       | 
       | It doesn't seem impossible to do some combination of "let us fill
       | you to 100% if we have too much energy" or "please go plug in
       | your EV" along with time-of-day rates. 240V can draw up to 32A
       | for the Bolts, other cars up to 50A (on a dedicated 60A circuit)
       | and is easily multiples of 110V, which might not be worth really
       | worrying about it.
       | 
       | There are solar panels on this house and there'll be ones on the
       | next one, too.
        
         | bbarn wrote:
         | The company I work for manages those demand response programs.
         | Many of them now also support smart L2 chargers that can also
         | be controlled similar to the thermostat you mention.
         | 
         | We also still, at the end of the day have a greed problem. My
         | local utility, for example (smaller, very monopolized one in
         | the socal mountains) has halted being able to get credits from
         | feeding solar back into the grid. They've all but made getting
         | home solar irrelevant unless you have an expensive battery
         | system like a Tesla powerwall or similar. I live in an area at
         | altitude where it's sunny for much more than average and we are
         | prime candidates to have solar on every home - but a greedy
         | local utility has halted nearly all progress that the last
         | decade has seen.
        
       | George83728 wrote:
       | A lot of people pushing for all-EV laws would be even happier if
       | ubiquitous car culture were brought to an end and commoner rural
       | / suburban people were all forced to move into cities and rely on
       | mass transit. So I'm not convinced such shortcomings in the all-
       | EV plan are unintentional. The 2030 timetable seems deliberately
       | too short to be realistic.
        
         | kcb wrote:
         | Meh, range of today's EVs is more than enough to support
         | suburban and rural people. Remote rural areas with 100 mile
         | drives to the store exist but are hardly the commoners.
        
           | George83728 wrote:
           | Range has nothing to do with it, I didn't say anything about
           | EV range. It's a matter of economics, ICE bans by 2030 will
           | require people to purchase new cars years before they
           | otherwise would have (the economics of running a gas station
           | business will be trashed, gas will become much more
           | expensive.) It will require increased taxes to pay for new
           | infrastructure, or otherwise increase the cost of
           | electricity. All around it increases the cost of a rural
           | lifestyle significantly, pricing commoners out. Which is
           | probably half of the intention in the first place because
           | rural living is frequently castigated by the anti-car crowd
           | (who never seem to propose car bans for the rich, only policy
           | changes that would price commoners out of owning cars.)
           | 
           | Response to sibling comment's _" just buy a field of solar
           | panels bro"_: Yeah that's great for the people with money to
           | spare. These policies won't bother rich people, but will
           | price out the poor from whom the rich will eagerly buy up
           | property, creating massive country estates while commoners
           | wallow in cities. Just like Roman times. Just the way the
           | rich want it.
        
             | kcb wrote:
             | But that's pretty much the opposite of reality. The
             | "commoners" are increasingly priced out from being able to
             | "wallow in cities". The idea that city living is some kind
             | of negative punishment is really distorting your
             | perspective.
        
             | howinteresting wrote:
             | At some level a car is a luxury good which doesn't really
             | scale. American car ownership is a historical aberration
             | that continues to take its toll on the climate, both due to
             | emissions from the cars themselves and with subsidized
             | suburban and rural living.
        
           | xbmcuser wrote:
           | Rural people with the space to put in solar panels and large
           | batteries will actually be able to get cheaper electricity
           | than urban. With the way prices are falling for batteries and
           | solar by 2030 it will be cheaper for most to even replace
           | farm machinery running diesel engines with electric motors
           | let alone cars.
        
       | xboxnolifes wrote:
       | If it weren't for the last minute, nothing would get done. Even
       | if not perfect, the tight schedule will get people to stop
       | pushing shit down the road.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | csours wrote:
       | Did you realize you can calculate how many horsepower your house
       | uses on average? And you can calculate how far your house would
       | drive if it were a car?
       | 
       | Last August I used about 1500 kWh of electrical energy
       | 
       | Horsepower = kWh/(720 or 744 [hours in 30 or 31 day month])= kW *
       | 1.34 (hp/kW) = hp
       | 
       | Distance = kWh * 4mi/kWh (Tesla Model 3)
       | 
       | So last August my house used about 2.7 horsepower on average and
       | "drove" 6,000 miles
        
         | mozman wrote:
         | Everyone is different.
         | 
         | Your calculation omits time. There will be a huge peak demand
         | when everyone recharges which is the primary problem.
         | 
         | Using your math above my house is 7hp, or 14,000 miles a month.
        
           | csours wrote:
           | That doesn't need to be a problem. We do have the internet
           | after all.
        
         | carabiner wrote:
         | The wonders of unit conversions.
        
       | ouid wrote:
       | A gas pump fills a car at 20 MW, many gas stations operate at
       | capacity for many hours a day with a dozen pumps active. EVs are
       | ~4 times as efficient, but even being very generous, you've still
       | got gas stations with the sustained power draw of an industrial
       | arc furnace. This is not a trivial infrastructure problem to
       | overcome. Very high power draw like that requires very high
       | voltage transmission, which is dangerous and difficult.
       | 
       | Plug in hybrids are an extremely sensible intermediate step, and
       | perhaps the only feasible endpoint. They solve almost every
       | problem that electric vehicles solve, and also almost every
       | problem that electric vehicles _have_.
        
         | PuffinBlue wrote:
         | Nah, solutions are already built and operating:
         | https://youtu.be/FoN4WCpuxHY
         | 
         | Pretty easy to stick a big battery in between grid and cars and
         | balance the load.
         | 
         | Not to mention you can't top up your gas car at home everyday
         | like you can an EV.
         | 
         | EV charging will end up far more distributed than gas car
         | filling.
         | 
         | I actually worked in a gas station for quite a while. Demand is
         | never constant 24 hours a day. There are always peaks and
         | troughs as the daily cycle of life revolves. EV charging will
         | be just fine.
        
           | ouid wrote:
           | load balancing doesnt work like that. the draw on a high
           | throughput gas station is hundreds of megawatts for hours.
           | Are you proposing 100MWh batteries installed at charging
           | stations?
           | 
           | Sure people can top up their cars overnight, but what about
           | people who street park? Charging a tesla battery to full
           | overnight (16hr) is still 5kW.
           | 
           | On the other hand in the world where gas is very expensive,
           | and you have a PHEV, you can pkug in most of the time and
           | solve almost all of your gasoline demand, while still being
           | able to fill your car at 20MW in critical situations
        
             | PuffinBlue wrote:
             | > the draw on a high throughput gas station is hundreds of
             | megawatts for hours.
             | 
             | Did you watch the video? For a 36 charger station they're
             | using a 6Mw battery.
             | 
             | It works because the assumption that draw from the chargers
             | is constant is wrong.
             | 
             | > What about people who street park?
             | 
             | They can go to the charger station. And all the people who
             | don't need to because they do it at home...don't go to the
             | charger station. Reducing demand even further.
             | 
             | > Charging a tesla battery to full overnight
             | 
             | Do you use your entire gas tank everyday? Because 90+% of
             | vehicle users don't. So there's no need to pull that much
             | power, again reducing peak demand and spreading out the
             | load.
             | 
             | The things you are highlighting are rooted in fear, not
             | reality. The reality is that ev's work without the
             | downsides of PHEV. And i say that as a ICE owner jealous of
             | the ease of use, lower maintenance and savings being made
             | by friends with ev's.
        
       | cco wrote:
       | To echo others here, its always strange to me when (non-status
       | quo beneficiaries) people react like this. Is this not a great
       | thing? We need to invest in our grid, that means lots of
       | relatively well compensated folks tackling interesting problems
       | at a huge scale.
       | 
       | More (good) jobs for tradesmen, engineers, a net benefit to our
       | environment, cleaner air...it just sounds pretty good all around?
       | 
       | The grid wasn't ready for laundry machines and power tools in
       | 1910.
        
       | tarr11 wrote:
       | > The Stanford study points out that since charging electric
       | vehicles takes time using conventional chargers, owners tend to
       | leave their cars charging in the evenings and overnight, putting
       | added pressure on the grid. Demand peaks between 5-9 pm as people
       | return home from work and use electric appliances like
       | televisions and kettles.
       | 
       | > If vehicle owners were to charge them during the day, this
       | could cut costs and help the grid as the number of electric
       | vehicles increase to meet sustainable goals, the authors say.
       | 
       | My EV (Tesla) already has a charging option for when rates are
       | cheapest. I would assume that most EVs will have that feature if
       | they don't already?
       | 
       | Not sure I understand why this is considered a big problem.
        
         | jjtheblunt wrote:
         | My 2014 BMW i3 knows to charge during cheaper electric rate
         | times. (Like your Tesla)
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | I think they're saying people don't charge at work - a
         | disconnected Tesla can't charge.
        
           | klyrs wrote:
           | Which is odd, I know people who only charge at work. Who
           | knows, maybe that could be a perk to encourage RTO if
           | management was so concerned.
        
             | the__alchemist wrote:
             | How does that work?
        
               | klyrs wrote:
               | There are chargers in parking lots at/near office
               | buildings. People use them during the day. In residential
               | areas without offstreet parking, there are few to no
               | convenient chargers.
        
               | the__alchemist wrote:
               | Interesting. My suspicion is that the amount of
               | workplaces where this is an option is small compared to
               | workplaces as a whole, but I've no idea! My (incorrect?)
               | assumption is that the primary convenient option is for
               | homeowners in suburbs to charge in their driveway or
               | garage when home.
        
               | klyrs wrote:
               | I live a city where the charging infrastructure matches
               | my description. I do not speak for suburbanites with
               | garages.
        
         | magicalhippo wrote:
         | Even my rather ancient Leaf has a simple charging timer. I plug
         | mine in when I get home from work, but it doesn't charge until
         | after midnight.
        
         | bengale wrote:
         | In the UK, my provider has a thing called Intelligent Octopus
         | that allows them to control when my car charges.
         | 
         | They offer me discounted rates (41p KWH vs 7.5p KWH) if I
         | charge between 2330 and 530, but I can plug it in when I get
         | home, and they control that charging block. It allows them to
         | turn on charging anytime they like if the load on the grid is
         | low, and they charge me that lower rate even if it's outside
         | the off-peak time.
        
           | schiffern wrote:
           | With a connected car, the "charging block" can just be
           | software running on the car.
           | 
           | More importantly, the direct payment plan with the utility
           | company (which means waiting for 10,000 different utilities
           | to switch pricing models!) can be replaced by an aggregation
           | company (which only needs a handful of companies worldwide).
           | 
           | On the grid side, the aggregation company behaves just like
           | any other company that owns a big battery, bidding on the
           | wholesale electricity market like a power plant would. But in
           | reality they actually command a "fleet" of smart car chargers
           | and stationary batteries. By splitting some of the profit
           | with these car/battery owners, an aggregation company can
           | magically align the pricing model for _everyone_ , without
           | waiting for 10,000 utilities to get their act together.
           | 
           | If you follow JB Straubel's public talks[0] over the years,
           | none of this should come as a surprise.
           | 
           | [0] https://youtu.be/4hNdbGjZfFU?t=2401
        
             | LegitShady wrote:
             | I don't want a connected car where the manufacturer or
             | whoever compromises them can remotely disable charging on
             | my car. I don't understand why that sort of access would
             | need to be included in the car instead of the charger. It
             | seems an unnecessary compromise of autonomy.
        
               | schiffern wrote:
               | If you don't want any data connection, then--by
               | definition--you must reject any sort of grid-interactive
               | charging features of any kind. Baby, meet bathwater!
               | 
               | Fortunately the vast majority of regular users (eg
               | bengale with their Intelligent Octopus device) aren't
               | bothered by it. They'll happily save money on EV charging
               | _and_ improve grid stability at the same time.
               | 
               | > I don't understand why that sort of access would need
               | to be included in the car instead of the charger
               | 
               | I didn't say it _needs_ to be included. However if you
               | already have a fleet of connected EVs (eg Tesla), you
               | could instantly roll out this feature overnight without
               | any additional hardware investment.... _(hint hint...)_
        
               | LegitShady wrote:
               | >If you don't want any data connection
               | 
               | Thats not what I said.
        
               | schiffern wrote:
               | If there's a data connection which is used to stop
               | charging, then if the data is hacked or spoofed it can--
               | by definition--stop charging.
               | 
               | You can't have your cake and eat it too.
        
               | LegitShady wrote:
               | I don't think you understand what I said, and are arguing
               | something else entirely.
        
               | schiffern wrote:
               | That's always possible! Can you clarify your position, so
               | we might better understand each other?
               | 
               | For a minute I did considered the possibility that you
               | were leaning hard on the word _manufacturer_. However, I
               | thought it was quite absurd that you _would_ be fine with
               | a situation where  "[a third party] or whoever
               | compromises them can remotely disable charging on my
               | car."
               | 
               | I intentionally avoided that less-than-charitable
               | interpretation of your words, since IMO it would violate
               | the HN guidelines:
               | 
               | > Please respond to the strongest plausible
               | interpretation of what someone says, not a weaker one
               | that's easier to criticize. Assume good faith.
        
         | DennisP wrote:
         | Seems like charging at night is a problem if the grid is
         | powered by solar, but a benefit if the grid is powered by
         | nuclear. At least, if the chargers are timed to start later in
         | the evening, when rates are cheaper.
        
       | 78x8cjfoJUx9 wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | xnx wrote:
       | As others have pointed out, the title of the article is "As more
       | electric vehicles hit the road, our charging habits must change -
       | here's why"
        
       | ajpgrealish wrote:
       | The post title misses the important "without investment and
       | changes in charging habits". Most EVs can already be controlled
       | to set charging preferences to match lower cost, off-peak
       | charging overnight. However, this isn't the full solution as it
       | can create secondary demand peaks. For example, if everyone in
       | one region has an off-peak rate starting at midnight, you will
       | get a step-change in demand at that time. Midnight onwards may
       | also not be the lowest carbon time to charge as this will change
       | every day as renewables are not predictable. In California right
       | now, charging during the day would have lower emissions Source:
       | https://app.electricitymaps.com/zone/US-CAL-CISO
       | 
       | Many people are already thinking about this problem, including
       | https://ev.energy. We go one step further and actively control
       | EVs and EV Chargers to match their charging to when the grid is
       | most clean. This may be overnight, but it could also be during
       | the daytime when solar generation is highest. It is better for
       | the grid not to use simple peak/off-peak pricing, but instead
       | create tariffs that reward flexibility and move the exact
       | charging times to best suit the grid.
        
       | mooktakim wrote:
       | How did we get petrol cars without already having petrol stations
       | everywhere??
        
         | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
         | It was common to carry containers of gas when traveling cross-
         | country (USA) in the 1930s (source: my grandparents). I don't
         | know the size but would guess several 5-gallon containers would
         | do it.
        
         | manquer wrote:
         | It probably mirrored how some of the alternative fuels are
         | setup today like hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles
         | 
         | California has around 45 hydrogen pumps I am always aware where
         | my car can go and not , and the dynamics change every time a
         | pump comes up or shuts down
         | 
         | The pattern of gas pumps probably looked similar to how
         | hydrogen pumps are distributed today - Most clustered in urban
         | areas of SF bat and LA with some in smaller centers like
         | scaremento and rest scattered on high traffic key road ways
         | between them like the one on I5 .
         | 
         | And if you got fuel stranded you are going to pay a lot for
         | someone to bring fuel by traditional means to you - horse drawn
         | then, towing now
        
         | kortilla wrote:
         | Spare gas cans can get you hundreds of miles. When I was
         | growing up this was super common for long road trips just
         | because gas stations usually closed at night and there weren't
         | credit card readers for 24 hour pumps.
        
           | mooktakim wrote:
           | I'm talking about 100 years ago when cars were invented. We
           | didn't stop and wait for the infrastructure to be ready. We
           | built it, got it out there. Everything else will come when
           | and as we need it.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | manquer wrote:
             | Early car adopters probably were range conscious as
             | hydrogen car owners today like me are .
             | 
             | Built it and it will come doesn't always work for the early
             | adopters, early investment in a technology can be risky it
             | might take longer than expected or some other tech might
             | replace the current front runner.
             | 
             | Gasoline powered cars weren't the only tech in early 1900s
             | either, steam powered cars were being as late as 1930s.
             | 
             | The diesel and petrol engines were competing too, very
             | different kinds of engines and fuels
        
             | kortilla wrote:
             | Gas cans (a.k.a. cans) existed before cars were invented.
             | The point is that additional range was a trivial pre-
             | existing technology.
        
             | bcrosby95 wrote:
             | You could literally stop at a hardware store or pharmacy to
             | buy a can of gasoline. It didn't need dedicated fueling
             | infrastructure.
        
               | signatoremo wrote:
               | How did the hardware stores store the fuel, how many time
               | a day did they get delivery, what were the distribution
               | networks? Those questions didn't get answered overnight,
               | yet the car industry didn't wait until all of the
               | components were in place. It will be the same with EVs
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | What are you talking about? The whole point is that you
               | can buy a spare 10-20 gallons of gas and take it with
               | you. And the technology (a metal can) existed long before
               | cars.
        
       | Slava_Propanei wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | moomoo11 wrote:
       | is there any investment in moving power from say a massive solar
       | array in some Arizona desert to Colorado and Texas?
       | 
       | I remember reading somewhere that a 100x100 miles sq plot of
       | solar panels would be enough to power America. That doesn't seem
       | so bad.
       | 
       | Or maybe we put massive arrays in the atmosphere and have a 100
       | mile cable to earth (maybe in the desert) as a precursor to a
       | space elevator.
       | 
       | Solve global warming and energy needs two birds one stoner lol.
        
       | dghughes wrote:
       | I'm not in the US but my idea of a good system is EV vehicle,
       | solar panels, home battery storage, and a ground source heat pump
       | w/ water heater. That to me is the perfect set up since the
       | energy production is only at that single home.
       | 
       | The exception being very cold winter days, hot humid days, and
       | EVs away from their home base needing to charge.
       | 
       | But even with rebates it's too expensive for nearly anyone who
       | owns a home. Anyone of those items is minimum $20K to $50K and
       | beyond multiplied by each of the four items.
        
         | asdfman123 wrote:
         | Why would we necessarily need the small scale storage systems
         | when we have the whole energy grid, though?
         | 
         | Solar panels on homes, sure, because that's free real estate.
         | But generally, if something is cost effective for a single
         | home, it's probably more cost effective for the full grid.
         | 
         | The solution seems almost certainly to just reduce prices at
         | night and during the day, installing more chargers at
         | workplaces, so people are incentived to charge at off peak
         | hours.
         | 
         | If I can reduce my electricity bill by 30% by smarter charging,
         | I'm going to do that for sure.
        
           | foogazi wrote:
           | Then you can disconnect and not put any pressure on the grid
        
             | asdfman123 wrote:
             | But someone has to pay for the energy storage and
             | generation: either you or the power companies, but you
             | don't benefit from economies of scale.
        
       | llsf wrote:
       | If cars drive by themselves by 2030, then would US still need
       | 300M vehicles ? I own an EV now for 4 years. My commute is only
       | 20min x 2 per day. I only charge one night per week. Not all EV
       | charge every single night, and in full. It would be nice to
       | charge at work during the day, even at lower rate/speed when sun
       | shines and wind blows. Maybe by making it easier for companies to
       | offer charging at their parking lot would help ?
        
       | ZeroGravitas wrote:
       | There's no way the grid will be ready for EVs unless we can
       | somehow provide about 300M batteries of roughly 50Kwh storage
       | that can absorb some of the cheap renewable power we'll be
       | building.
       | 
       | I just don't see any way of doing one without the other.
        
       | atleastoptimal wrote:
       | Is 300M EV's the best use of manufacturing resources over the
       | next 7 years to minimize climate change? Wouldn't it make more
       | sense to upgrade old factories in Asia with advanced equipment to
       | minimize their carbon footprint?
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | People who want to upgrade their cars anyway will pay form 300M
         | EV cars.
         | 
         | Who will pay for upgrading an old coal plant in Asia to a new
         | nuclear + solar plant, or something like that?
        
           | atleastoptimal wrote:
           | Taxpayers will, just like taxpayers have been paying for EVs
        
       | thelastgallon wrote:
       | Seems to be sloppy research. Doesn't seem to understand the
       | difference between world/US and US grid doesn't have to supply
       | the worlds' EVs.
       | 
       | >> There were 16.5 million electric vehicles on the world's roads
       | in 2020
       | 
       | That's the world, not the US. The US has less than a million EVs,
       | maybe 2 at most.[1][2]
       | 
       | >> this is expected to rise to 300 million by 2030. But with
       | these rising numbers, the US grid could struggle without
       | investment and changes in charging habits, a Stanford study
       | finds.
       | 
       | Projections are 26 million[3] by 2030 in US, 300 million is
       | worldwide, but what has US grid got to do with it?
       | 
       | But, even if it were true, it won't be as big as a challenge as
       | its made out to be.
       | 
       | a) There is plenty of free renewable power. Renewables
       | oversupply, which is currently being curtailed. Renewables are
       | growing, this will mean plenty of oversupply coming online. If
       | only there was a way to create demand.
       | 
       | b) Wholesale prices went negative about 200 million times across
       | the seven US grids in 2021
       | 
       | c) EVs can absorb all of this free energy or get paid to absorb
       | 
       | d) Right now, energy bill is split between gas, electricity and
       | nat gas. Households switching to EVs will have solar, bringing
       | their bills to zero as well as no new demand on the grid.
       | 
       | e) Quite possibly, there is no net new demand. A comment on HN:
       | It takes about as much electricity (or energy) to refine a tank
       | of gas as to charge an EV. [5]
       | 
       | [1]https://environmentamerica.org/articles/youre-not-
       | imagining-...
       | 
       | [2]https://electrek.co/2021/11/09/the-number-of-us-electric-
       | veh...
       | 
       | [3]https://www.eei.org/News/news/All/eei-projects-26-million-
       | el...
       | 
       | [4]
       | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-08-30/trapped-r...
       | 
       | [5] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35653034
        
       | nasmorn wrote:
       | During WW2 the US built e.g over 300 destroyers in 6 years. Now
       | they struggle to complete 2 per year. It might not be impossible
       | but something has fundamentally changed.
        
         | throw0101b wrote:
         | > _During WW2 the US built e.g over 300 destroyers in 6 years._
         | 
         | Yes, with 40% of GDP going to war production:
         | 
         | * https://www.stlouisfed.org/en/on-the-
         | economy/2020/february/w...
         | 
         | And every other form of manufacturing shutdown or rationed for
         | the war effort. Even how jeans were stitched together was
         | regulated (to save on resources):
         | 
         | * https://www.ropedye.com/2013/05/levis1944-501/
         | 
         | * https://www.levistrauss.com/2020/09/30/world-war-ii-levis/
         | 
         | > _It might not be impossible but something has fundamentally
         | changed._
         | 
         | Societal priorities and focus against an existential threat.
        
         | manquer wrote:
         | War time procurement subverts entire industries and reserves
         | everything anybody produces first for the military.
         | 
         | Sure the country produced 300 destroyers, tens of thousands of
         | aircraft and tanks, and that production is what ultimately won
         | the war , but you have to keep in mind the country produced
         | little else any other normal economic activity was severely
         | curtailed and even basic life needs were rationed.
         | 
         | It not only ramping up but also ramping down are problematic,
         | for example even though military doesn't really want congress
         | keeps budgeting for M1 tanks so it can keep those jobs.
         | 
         | Suddenly producing 20 destroyers in one year and nothing for
         | next 15 is going to impact labor market massively and also you
         | are going to loose all the skills acquired
         | 
         | In peacetime you want a low constant throughput for your
         | military.
        
       | yongjik wrote:
       | The current title of the article is:
       | 
       | > As more electric vehicles hit the road, our charging habits
       | must change - here's why
       | 
       | With these bullet points:
       | 
       | > The race is on to decarbonize road transport and get drivers to
       | switch to electric vehicles (EVs).
       | 
       | > There were 16.5 million electric vehicles on the world's roads
       | in 2020 - this is expected to rise to 300 million by 2030. But
       | with these rising numbers, the US grid could struggle without
       | investment and changes in charging habits, a Stanford study
       | finds.
       | 
       | > Modelling this future scenario, researchers predict that peak
       | net electricity demand could increase by up to 25% and by 50%
       | with full electrification.
       | 
       | I'm not really sure why OP decided "The grid isn't ready for 300M
       | EVs by 2030" as submission title. (I mean, I can guess, but...
       | _shrug_ ) Seems like a violation of HN's "no editorializing
       | titles" policy.
        
       | bryanlarsen wrote:
       | EV's use about the same amount of energy as an air conditioner,
       | they both average about 10kWh per day. Is it a challenge? Yes.
       | But it's a challenge we met before when we went from 10% of homes
       | being air conditioned to 90% in under 2 decades.
        
       | jgalt212 wrote:
       | If people are given the the ability to charge their cars during
       | the daytime, this will be a non-issue. That, however, is a big
       | if.
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/MegaWattXinfo/status/1650913384206942414
        
       | AdrianB1 wrote:
       | The grid will never be ready for that, but smart charging may be
       | the solution.
       | 
       | What do I mean by that: there is already a number of solar panel
       | installations that are feeding the grid at daytime, sometime even
       | more than what the grid can consume. There is no way currently to
       | link the PV systems and the cars so that when the PV generates a
       | lot of electricity all the cars in the area will start charging,
       | maybe discharge at night to cover home consumption, practically
       | using the cars as very large and intelligent batteries with the
       | side effect of using all the excess PV energy to change cars for
       | driving.
       | 
       | Otherwise we will be in the situation of cars charging at night
       | will fail the grid and PVs overproducing at day will fail the
       | grid, while most cars are used less than a couple of hours per
       | day on average (ignoring commercial vehicles and taxi/Uber, cars
       | carry people from home to work and back, eventually with a round
       | trip to shop for groceries).
        
       | syllablehq wrote:
       | Sure, we can try to change people's behavior, which of course
       | will only work with smart incentives. And/or we need a lot more
       | grid-scale energy storage. Changing people's behavior is really
       | hard. And before it's even possible to implement "surge pricing"
       | in a way that's exposed to individuals, we need a ton of
       | infrastructure changes. Those are good goals, but it might be
       | simpler to incentivize behavior at a larger scale than consumers
       | and cover the gap with storage. For example, add storage to car
       | charging stations instead of telling consumers when to charge.
       | The charge station would then charge up at low demand so it won't
       | pull from the grid during peak demand. Maybe we need all of the
       | above, we'll see.
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Of all the problems out there this, seems like a fairly
       | insignificant one.
       | 
       | They have built in connectivity and storage making them
       | inherently suitable for demand side management and variable
       | pricing. Hell they can even discharge into peak times and can
       | thus be a net positive for grid stability.
       | 
       | More concerned about how are we gonna get the energy source clean
       | by then. Because without that all this "clean" EV stuff is a
       | giant waste of time
        
         | Atheros wrote:
         | They'll never Ever discharge into the grid. If it's ever close
         | to economic to do so, it'll be more economic for utilities to
         | buy and install cheaper grid-scale batteries on their own.
         | Batteries designed to move around safely will always be more
         | expensive. Because of that, during the exceptional times when
         | it would be economic to use the cars like you suggest, like the
         | Texas freeze a few years ago, the infrastructure won't be in
         | place to do it.
        
         | TexanFeller wrote:
         | > Hell they can even discharge into peak times and can thus be
         | a net positive for grid stability.
         | 
         | Batteries are the most expensive component of the car and won't
         | get me as far as gas when they're at 100% capacity. If I were
         | to buy an EV I would never allow discharging the battery back
         | into the grid without hefty compensation, and probably not even
         | then. I really don't want you putting cycles in my battery, I
         | have battery anxiety from all my other devices already.
         | 
         | Not an EV hater, I covet the Teslas but I'm not willing to pay
         | the premium and charging is impractical in parts of TX that I
         | visit family in.
        
       | lipoid_ecole wrote:
       | 1. We must switch to EVs because of climate change.
       | 
       | 2. The grid cannot support everyone having EVs.
       | 
       | 3. Everyone must live in 15 minute cities.
        
       | klyrs wrote:
       | Will there even be 300M drivers by 2030?
        
       | Ccecil wrote:
       | Temporary fix for some places
       | 
       | Convert current remote gas stations to high efficiency turbine
       | generators, still "dirty" but should be able to be made cleaner
       | than the same number of cars. Once the charging structure is in
       | place...then you have a bit of time to get the proper power lines
       | and/or alternate power generation running.
       | 
       | Might seem dumb...but the stations are typically where cars go,
       | have large tanks...etc.
        
       | grokx wrote:
       | I would argue that EVs are just the tip of the iceberg.
       | 
       | >The race is on to decarbonize road transport and get drivers to
       | switch to electric vehicles (EVs).
       | 
       | Actually the race is on to decarbonize all the things (at least
       | here in France). My wife works at RTE (Reseau de Transport
       | d'Electricite), which is the grid company here. She makes studies
       | for customers that require more power, so she basically see where
       | new power lines could be placed, whether a new high voltage
       | station is required, etc.
       | 
       | These last years, she noticed a rise for such demands, as the
       | whole heavy industry has been decarbonizing their processes:
       | chemicals, metallurgy... Coal and other fuels (used for heat
       | production for instance) are being replaced either by
       | electricity, or by green hydrogen (so even more electricity).
        
       | tiku wrote:
       | As it happens tomorrow is still 2023 and we have some time left.
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | Maybe, just maybe. We should design our cities around more
       | sustainable and scalable forms of transportation. American (yes,
       | Canada is included) city planning and design is terribly
       | inefficient.
        
       | reactspa wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | juujian wrote:
       | Well what a coincidence. Chances are there won't be 300M EVs on
       | the streets by 2030 anyways, because by then we will have moved
       | the goalpost far into the future anyways.
        
       | mbgerring wrote:
       | Are people aware that there's an entire industry with 100s of
       | billions in capital already working on these problems? Every time
       | I read one of these articles and the comments on them, it reads
       | like a reason why we can't or shouldn't decarbonize, rather than
       | a call to do the engineering work to fix the problem. Which
       | plenty of people are doing already! This is Hacker News, right?
        
         | api wrote:
         | It's not a technology problem. I expect to see grid failures in
         | some areas for a while because of general NIMBY opposition and
         | bureaucratic inertia preventing expansion from occurring until
         | it's an acute problem.
        
         | ianai wrote:
         | Not only that, but it's obviously a huge market opportunity
         | from bottom up. Kids looking to enter the workforce should be
         | able to expect all sorts of work related to electrification-
         | electricians, engineers, etc. It's likely to actually create
         | niches and market segments.
        
         | throwaway50606 wrote:
         | Where? I haven't seen anyone upgrading all the powerlines and
         | power stations around my home... I haven't even seen any plans
         | to do so. The local power distribution monopoly says it can't
         | be done unless they raise prices 5x - which nobody wants to
         | pay.
         | 
         | Also, power generation - if everyone wants to charge at night,
         | we need to completely change the concept and stop the move to
         | solar energy in favor of nuclear.
        
           | notatoad wrote:
           | the power lines around my house got upgraded last summer.
           | 
           | if we think that's somehow relevant here.
        
           | fourseventy wrote:
           | So because you don't see anyone upgrading the powerlines by
           | your house that means that there is no work taking place on
           | the power grid?
        
             | throwaway50606 wrote:
             | Yes, exactly. Where I live it's a political thing so I'd
             | know. The situation now is that they say they're not going
             | to do it because people oppose the higher prices.
             | 
             | They even stopped allowing people to connect their solar
             | arrays without large batteries because the grid is that
             | overloaded.
             | 
             | (of course they're doing work on it - but definitely not
             | the sort of work required to allow everyone to charge their
             | 1-3 cars per household).
        
             | Arcanum-XIII wrote:
             | There's none in the Brussel area of Belgium. In fact, we're
             | stuck for the foreseeable future to a grid at 3x220 (nearly
             | the only one in the world) because it's too costly to
             | update the network, cabin and so on. We're speaking about
             | industrial level of power delivery to charge all those EV.
             | Things need to change at a huge scale and the operator are
             | not ready for that. Source ? I discussed that with my
             | operator for high power need - their answer was to move
             | elsewhere.
        
               | SECProto wrote:
               | I was curious about the "grid at 3x220" mention so I did
               | some research. Couldn't find what you meant by this, but
               | did find a page from the electric utility in Brussels
               | explicitly saying there are no problems or work required
               | by the EV conversion plans by 2030.
               | 
               | https://www.sibelga.be/en/about-sibelga/projects-
               | challenges/...
        
               | martijnvds wrote:
               | Parts of Belgium have 3 phase power with 220V between
               | phases, and no neutral. And protective earth of course.
               | 
               | The rest of Europe has 230V, 3 phases + neutral, with
               | 400V between phases.
        
           | mbgerring wrote:
           | In many, many places all over the world every day, just maybe
           | not in your backyard just yet. Your local power distribution
           | company is lying, and if you want to solve a fun problem you
           | could get into the weeds and figure out how to work around
           | them.
        
             | throwaway50606 wrote:
             | Not really my problem - I have a car for long distance
             | trips only and that's going to be diesel at least for
             | another decade or two.
        
               | jackmott wrote:
               | [dead]
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | huijzer wrote:
               | Global warming is your problem just like it is everyone's
               | problem
        
               | throwaway50606 wrote:
               | Diesel doesn't have to be fossil. Unfortunately, I can't
               | make them switch to algae. But I'd be OK with paying more
               | for it, if it was available. My regular long distance
               | trips are impossible with current electric cars, so
               | that's really not an option. Yes, I considered an online
               | call.
        
               | thomasmg wrote:
               | Non-fossil diesel is going to be very expensive... The
               | alternative is battery swap stations. Nio seems to be
               | successful with that.
        
               | throwaway50606 wrote:
               | I wonder if that could work on my 1200km-long trip. It'd
               | have to be a truly pan-European company and network. So
               | far we don't even have telecoms like that - I switch
               | between 3 different national networks during the trip...
               | But on the other hand, the Tesla Supercharger network
               | spans the route, so why not I guess.
        
           | ajpgrealish wrote:
           | Upgrading the power lines isn't the full answer, certainly
           | some upgrades will be required, but the wires are designed
           | for peak demand. EVs have flexibility, and can mostly be
           | charged in non-peak times, drastically reducing the powerline
           | and power station upgrades required.
           | 
           | This flexibility has to be managed, and there are many
           | companies working on this. For example: https://ev.energy/
        
             | throwaway50606 wrote:
             | The energy requirements seem high enough that it'd create a
             | new, even higher peak during the night...
        
               | goodcanadian wrote:
               | I did a back of the envelope calculation some time back
               | for both Canada and the UK (I imagine the US numbers are
               | proportionally similar to Canada). If we replace all
               | private passenger cars with EVs, using average mileage,
               | it increases annual electricity demand by about 20%. The
               | difference between daytime peak and nighttime off peak is
               | more than 20%. In a lot of cases, there will be no need
               | at all for new power plants or distribution networks. The
               | reality, of course, is more complicated as we are
               | electrifying much more than passenger cars.
               | 
               | You better believe, however, that the distribution
               | networks are planning around this. I was in a meeting
               | with someone from the National Grid (UK central grid
               | authority) who is responsible for planning for the
               | transition. Basically, all new housing developments are
               | being provisioned assuming heat pumps and EV chargers.
               | Existing areas are being monitored and upgraded as they
               | near the grid limits. Plans go out years in advance. It
               | is a lot of work, but I am confident that it is being
               | well managed. I cannot say that everywhere is as well
               | managed, but I think it is safe to assume that many of
               | these people and organisations do, in fact, know what
               | they are doing. It sounded like the biggest problem in
               | the UK was NIMBYs fighting against the new distribution
               | networks needed to land the power from the offshore wind
               | farms which are rapidly replacing the old fossil fuel
               | generators.
        
               | throwaway50606 wrote:
               | NIMBY is indeed the issue here as well. People don't want
               | wind and solar arrays and they don't want to pay even 20%
               | more for electric distribution or electricity itself.
               | 
               | The power distribution company is competent, I have full
               | confidence in that. Yes, they have plans and know what
               | they're doing and what's coming - but they need money to
               | do it, and they're not going to get it anytime soon.
               | 
               | At least this country is very pro-nuclear.
        
           | yazaddaruvala wrote:
           | Upgrading is only one way to achieve this.
           | 
           | The most likely solution is house battery backups attached to
           | a virtual grid.
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/_UJiglrYgJY
        
           | nostrademons wrote:
           | It's just not happening near _your_ home (probably
           | intentionally). Go down to the Mojave desert between Barstow
           | and Vegas and there are _massive_ solar farms built over the
           | last decade. Same with the California mountain passes and
           | wind energy - there are large wind farms on the Altamont,
           | Pacheco, Tehachapi, and San Gorgonio passes. Many of these
           | are also getting large upgrades with more energy-efficient
           | turbines, eg. the Pacheco Pass windfarm (18 MW, 162 turbines,
           | built in the early 1980s) is getting upgraded in 2023 to
           | 147.5 MW and 200 MWh of battery storage with fewer turbines.
           | 
           | Also I think that workplace charging is the future of EVs.
           | With the peak of the duck curve at mid-day, the obvious way
           | to match that up to battery demand is to provide incentives
           | for ubiquitous EV chargers in office parking lots, as well as
           | charging the consumer for electricity consumed by their car.
        
             | throwaway50606 wrote:
             | Well, that's US. I am in _much more densely populated_
             | Central Europe - several orders of magnitude compared to
             | California. For most people here, workplace is 15-30
             | minutes walk /public transit away, that's not going to
             | solve anything about car charging.
             | 
             | Wind is now opposed by people here because it ruins the
             | landscape. Funny but it's what it is. And there's not
             | enough physical space for solar arrays of this size.
        
               | nostrademons wrote:
               | If people are walking or taking public transit anyway,
               | you don't have a vehicle problem in the first place.
        
               | throwaway50606 wrote:
               | Oh, we most certainly do. Look at how much energy in the
               | form of gas/diesel is used in Europe - it's definitely
               | not insignificant. The average household has almost 2
               | cars, many have 3 - and they use them, just not to get to
               | work.
               | 
               | IMHO the usage patterns and the population density make
               | this a much harder problem here than in the US.
        
               | brazzy wrote:
               | > Well, that's US. I am in much more densely populated
               | Central Europe - several orders of magnitude compared to
               | California.
               | 
               | The average population density of California is 250 per
               | square mile, for Germany it's 620. Considerably less than
               | one order of magnitude in difference.
               | 
               | > For most people here, workplace is 15-30 minutes
               | walk/public transit away, that's not going to solve
               | anything about car charging.
               | 
               | If people are not driving to work, their cars can charge
               | at home during the day, so it's already solved.
               | 
               | > And there's not enough physical space for solar arrays
               | of this size.
               | 
               | There most certainly is. People overestimate the required
               | space to a ridiculous degree.
        
               | throwaway50606 wrote:
               | I don't live in Germany. Germany is a large state with a
               | lot of empty space. I live in a much smaller, much more
               | densely populated state.
               | 
               | Anyways, the average is deceiving - I think you should
               | compare the average of a city like Berlin, Cologne or
               | Amsterdam, not the average of an entire large state like
               | Germany.
               | 
               |  _The city where I live has nearly 3 million residents on
               | just 50km2_ , and it's not even the most dense city
               | around. Compare that to San Francisco (second most dense
               | US city) - which has 815k residents on 120km2.
               | 
               | People here live in very dense cities with
               | agricultural/natural space in between, you don't have
               | that in US cities which are mostly long stretches of
               | single-family households. We don't have single-family
               | households at all except for the few villas of the ultra-
               | rich and the few people living in the villages around the
               | cities.
               | 
               | > If people are not driving to work, their cars can
               | charge at home during the day, so it's already solved.
               | 
               | That's not solved at all! That's exactly where the issue
               | is - the grid isn't able to provide that much power and
               | especially not during peak hours, not to mention the
               | missing power generation capacity. The grid is already
               | nearly overloaded. It would need significant capacity
               | upgrades and the people here don't want to pay for it.
        
               | ductsurprise wrote:
               | "For most people here, workplace is 15 minutes
               | walk/public transit away,..."
               | 
               | Curiously, how many cars need charging(at night even) in
               | this area? Maybe I missed the intent behind your comment.
               | 
               | But it doesn't sound like there is much daily driving.
               | 
               | Perhaps "...hands wet on the wheel..." like in the Golden
               | Earring song often? )))
        
               | throwaway50606 wrote:
               | People don't use the car to go to work, but they use it a
               | lot after they come home. Families with children use
               | their cars a lot. Even with good public transport,
               | handling affairs of a family of 5 takes a lot of time on
               | the bus - so people use the car to go shopping, drive the
               | kids to their after-school sports/clubs, visit
               | grandparents etc.
               | 
               | Many households have multiple cars - one or two for the
               | parents, then maybe one for the eldest child that still
               | lives with the parents. Each car is used daily or almost
               | daily.
               | 
               | There definitely is less daily driving per vehicle - but
               | there's _much more_ vehicles per square kilometer.
        
             | akira2501 wrote:
             | Except between 2021 and 2022 california lost 3GW of
             | generation capacity. They're building new plants at the
             | same time they're taking other ones offline and the totals
             | aren't increasing.
             | 
             | This is probably why California continues to warn that
             | rolling blackouts may become a thing. They raised that
             | specter last year, and they're preparing to do it again
             | this year.
             | 
             | Total system capacity is not improving at a rate
             | commensurate with the forced adoption of EVs in the state.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | How much capacity are they building and how much more do
               | they plan to take offline? Why should we assume linear
               | trends in a revolutionary time?
        
               | akira2501 wrote:
               | The trend was a net increase in capacity from 2011 to
               | 2017. From 2017 until today the trend has been a net
               | decrease in capacity. There were 206GW available in 2017,
               | there were 194GW available in 2022. Which is a 6% loss
               | overall.
               | 
               | Which may be fine on it's own, but if you're planning on
               | bringing a bunch of new demand on to the grid, you're
               | headed towards an uncomfortable corner.
        
         | PM_me_your_math wrote:
         | You're going to replace every transmission line, every
         | transformer, and retrofit every substation in the United States
         | in 7 years? Ok...
        
         | pastacacioepepe wrote:
         | > it reads like a reason why we can't or shouldn't decarbonize
         | 
         | Only if you give in to the strawman that it's either fossil
         | fuel or EV, when in fact our top priority should be retiring
         | most private cars anyway.
         | 
         | Independently from the engine type, developing our
         | infrastucture and cities around car usage is unsustainable.
        
         | alex_lav wrote:
         | Yeah I was going to respond "Well it better get ready I guess",
         | as I agree, this content reads like disparagement instead of
         | encouragement
        
         | throwawaaarrgh wrote:
         | As someone who works in the industry, the projects to increase
         | grid capacity are dependent on investment mostly from the
         | government or from large customers of which there are few. It's
         | not like executives at every public utility are excited to sink
         | themselves further into debt, assuming they can get access to
         | all the capital, and betting it all on a completely unrelated
         | industry and an unsure customer base.
        
         | traceroute66 wrote:
         | > Are people aware that there's an entire industry with 100s of
         | billions in capital already working on these problems?
         | 
         | I'm confused, what problem do you think they are fixing ?
         | Because they cannot fix an inherently practical problem.
         | 
         | In most countries on this planet, you have three "problems"
         | when it comes to EV demand, and none of them can be fixed by
         | "100s of billions in capital" by private industry.
         | 
         | Thee are :                   1) There is (usually) only one
         | national grid         2) There are only a finite number of
         | power stations         3) Most people live in cities and in
         | apartments / dense-housing
         | 
         | This leads to two (because there's nothing you can do about
         | point 3) super-hard, super-expensive "problems" that need
         | fixing for all these EVs:                   1) Expanding the
         | grid is effectively a non-starter, the cost would be measured
         | in trillions, not billions.         2) Building new power
         | stations takes decades, not years. And right now there are not
         | enough of them.         3) As I said, there's nothing you can
         | do about point (3), i.e. it's simply not remotely viable that
         | everybody can magically have solar panels and battery storage
         | at home. Most people don't have the space. And expecting
         | everyone to retro-fit is, realistically, a non-starter.
         | 
         | Now, on the subject of power stations, you will probably come
         | back and say "but, but .... renewables".
         | 
         | Well, yes, renewables are cool and quick(er) to build than
         | power stations, but they are not the panacea.
         | 
         | Grid-level bulk solar is cool, but all those panels take vast
         | amounts of space that most countries don't have to spare. Solar
         | is also cool, until it gets dark at night.
         | 
         | Grid-level wind is cool, but then on hot summer days there's
         | not much wind. So you end up relying back on the old-school
         | power generation (nuclear, coal, gas etc.).
         | 
         | Hydro is cool, but for obvious reasons not available
         | everywhere. And nobody's going to be rushing out building large
         | numbers of new dams any time soon.
         | 
         | Bulk-storage in batteries at grid level is not feasible to deal
         | with all millions of EVs coming on stream. You would need
         | millions of batteries, which as we know, batteries don't last
         | forever....
         | 
         | So ultimately whether you love em or hate em, you still need
         | old-school power generation.
         | 
         | Which brings us neatly back to my point (2) ... Building new
         | power stations takes decades, not years. And right now there
         | are not enough of them.
         | 
         | Hence 2030 is a pipe dream.
        
           | skybrian wrote:
           | You don't necessarily need "most people" to have a big and
           | growing business, though. Getting electric cars into the
           | garages of people in suburban and rural areas is still a
           | pretty big market, and in these places there is often room to
           | install solar panels. That will reduce load on the grid,
           | which can be used for other purposes, including electric car
           | charging in cities.
           | 
           | Also, maybe we shouldn't expect one kind of transportation to
           | dominate like happened for cars? There can be different
           | solutions for different use cases. Driverless taxis, electric
           | bikes, and public transportation all work sometimes, and they
           | can be usefully combined.
        
         | rawfan wrote:
         | Exactly. I work for a larger company that builds and maintains
         | the electrical grid in many European countries. I won't say
         | there are no challenges, but I can assure you that we are
         | confident that we can build the solution(s) to sustain no only
         | EVs but everything else that's gonna rely on the grid. One of
         | the biggest show stoppers is actually current regulation. And
         | even here, at least my employer is building and investing in
         | solutions as if the required market regulation changes were
         | already in place.
        
           | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
           | _> I work for a larger company that builds and maintains the
           | electrical grid in many European countries._
           | 
           | Also European here. The problem for EV charging is gonna be
           | the last mile, not the grid. Upgrading the grid is the
           | easiest part. The charging points are the painful part to fix
           | that nobody seems to have an answer to or want to talk about
           | in the first place.
           | 
           | In my city, most of the residential streets where people live
           | (in flats) are full of parked cars on both sides of the
           | street. How will all those cars charge once they switch to
           | EV? Will the already narrow sidewalks be full of charging
           | stations next to each parking spot, and will pedestrians
           | constantly be tripping over the charging cables? How will
           | this work?
           | 
           | Currently all EV owners here are well off people who own
           | their houses in the suburbs or in rural areas, and can
           | install their own chargers at home for their EVs, but how
           | will the people living in flats who have to park on the
           | street charge their cars? Effectively those who aren't well
           | off to own their own houses are penalized by the lack of EV
           | charging infrastructure where they live.
           | 
           | Ideally, we'd get rid of private cars in the city completely
           | and replace them with better public transport and cycling
           | infrastructure, but looking at the real life facts, there's
           | no political will to push car owners out of car ownership,
           | and car owners are by far a majority of the voting
           | population, even among the low earners. And upgrading the
           | public transport and making it run frequent enough to make
           | people give up cars ownership voluntarily would most likely
           | make tickets too expensive for car owners to justify. And
           | public transports is already subsidized.
           | 
           | Edit 1: Also, regarding the last mile charging infrastructure
           | stations, another one of their weaknesses compared to filling
           | up with gas at a gas station, is that they suck, the billing
           | & payment systems sucks, the UX sucks and they often have
           | faults or are broken, making them unusable or seeing people
           | struggle to get them to work. MKBHD did a video on this
           | proving this point and is definitely worth a watch:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BA2qJKU8t2k
           | 
           | Edit 2: Another issue with EV adoption is the EV range and
           | charging durations. Many Europeans hop into their cars in the
           | summer and drive their family to the south of Europe hundreds
           | or thousands of km. The range of a cheap EV still is subpar
           | compared to a cheap ICE and so is the charging duration VS
           | the refueling duration, making long holiday trips by EV a
           | nightmare compared to a ICE car. We'd need a lot more
           | charging points around these routes to cover summer or winter
           | holiday trafic, and by a lot more, I mean a lot a lot more.
           | Even some gas stations can have 15-20 minute queues for a 3
           | minute tank refuel at peak holiday season in summer or winter
           | near popular routes like Austria, Italy or Croatia, so
           | imagine what EV charging queues would look like when a charge
           | easily needs 30 minutes instead of 3.
        
             | alain94040 wrote:
             | There are 3 places where people can charge their car: at
             | home, at work, and at the store. If you can't charge at
             | home because you park on the street, that still leaves two
             | opportunities to charge.
             | 
             | Another way to think about it is where does your car spend
             | its time, 24 hours a day? Is there any time where you car
             | is somewhere for an hour or more, sitting idle? That's
             | where chargers should be.
        
               | cjrp wrote:
               | The variance in pricing needs to be tackled though. At
               | home, on an EV-optimised electricity tariff, you can pay
               | PS0.10/kWh whereas at my local supermarket it's about
               | PS0.45/kWh. You're penalised for not having access to a
               | charger in your flat. Compared to petrol, where it costs
               | what it costs (ish).
        
             | nicoburns wrote:
             | > Will the already narrow sidewalks be full of charging
             | stations next to each parking spot, and will pedestrians
             | constantly be tripping over the charging cables? How will
             | this work?
             | 
             | In my neighbourhood (London) there are now some charging
             | ports coming out of lamp posts, and some coming out of the
             | floor. There is a short cable required to connect the car
             | to the charging port, but it's not too bad a trip hazard as
             | it's only between the car and pavement.
             | 
             | EDIT: looks like this https://imgur.com/a/H9aqMCo
        
               | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
               | _> charging ports coming out of lamp posts_
               | 
               | Lamp posts don't really exist in my city. All city street
               | lights are hung from overhead cables wired between the
               | residential buildings on the sides of the
               | street/sidewalk.
               | 
               | Like this: https://www.google.com/maps/@47.0814083,15.442
               | 3363,3a,75y,24...
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | I don't have pictures, but there are also some charging
               | port embedded directly into the sidewalk around here.
        
             | alfor wrote:
             | - in the streets: lamp post or dedicated post
             | 
             | - at work (need parking anyway)
             | 
             | - charge station with fast charge (not that different than
             | gas stations, but slower)
        
         | juujian wrote:
         | I won't hold my breath for that turn of events. Grid companies
         | are not exactly known for proactively investing into
         | infrastructure.
        
           | vkou wrote:
           | Grid companies are some of the most competent corporations
           | I've interacted with. The power is mostly on, I don't need to
           | play stupid telephone customer support games with them, and
           | they keep things running.
           | 
           | Maybe PG&E, or whatever they have in Texas sucks, but as a
           | general rule of thumb, I wouldn't assume that grid operators
           | are stupid.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | dheera wrote:
         | Yeah exactly, it's not like the world was ready with gas
         | stations for 300M gas cars when that happened, either.
        
           | shipscode wrote:
           | I doubt that the world was actively preventing consumer
           | vehicles from driving on existing infrastructure. It seems
           | like the same people who are forcing the change over to
           | electric vehicles are also actively working to reduce the
           | presence of vehicles on the roads.. I don't believe they are
           | operating in good faith.
        
             | callalex wrote:
             | How are these two things related?
        
             | mbgerring wrote:
             | Utterly precedented.
             | https://www.sfchronicle.com/oursf/article/Shoot-the-tires-
             | Th...
        
           | mbgerring wrote:
           | Right? Imagine, having the full benefit of hindsight, and
           | _still_ responding to such a massive opportunity by grumping
           | that there's no way it could ever work!
        
             | throwaway50606 wrote:
             | Gas distribution is a very different problem from
             | electricity distribution, though. Gas was initially sold at
             | pharmacies and it worked just fine before specialized shops
             | cropped up. You can't have that with electrical grid.
        
               | jonhohle wrote:
               | Why does it have to be a grid? There are plenty of
               | electronic devices that don't get power from the grid,
               | some at dwelling scale. What prevents power from being
               | delivered by truck, just like fuel is today? (Density is
               | definitely an issue, but technology evolves)
        
               | throwaway50606 wrote:
               | Haven't really considered that. I guess the problem is
               | conversion loss. If we're making some sort of fuel at
               | power generation points, why not use that fuel in cars
               | instead of doing another conversion back to electricity?
               | We could make hydrogen or even synthetic gas/diesel and
               | just keep the cars we already have.
        
               | mbgerring wrote:
               | I am literally building an electric jerry can in my
               | workshop _right now_ so that you can carry around car
               | recharges in your trunk. There are solutions to all of
               | these problems and the technology is getting better all
               | the time. All you have to do is stop looking for reasons
               | why it can never work, and start looking for ways to make
               | it work.
        
               | throwaway50606 wrote:
               | I'm not sure how that helps if the grid is already nearly
               | overloaded and we need gas/coal to cover peak demand. The
               | problem is not the charger and its small battery, the
               | problem is generating clean power and transmitting it.
        
               | jonhohle wrote:
               | He's solving the transmission problem. A portable battery
               | does not need to be charged from the grid.
               | 
               | Edit to add: I have about 1.2kW of storage that can be
               | charged by solar in a few hours that takes up about the
               | space of a 5 gallon NATO jerry can. It can be charged
               | thousands of time for the initial price paid. That's with
               | 2020 tech. Certainly density and efficiency will improve
               | as market pressures increase.
        
               | throwaway50606 wrote:
               | How do you charge that small battery? Going to the
               | powerplant with it doesn't seem like a good answer.
        
               | jonhohle wrote:
               | I don't know if you saw my edit, but in my case, it's
               | charged by either a portable solar panel or (optimally)
               | home solar panels.
               | 
               | In the not so distant past there were plans for
               | neighborhood scale nuclear reactors. That would go a long
               | way towards distribution, redundancy, and scale issues.
        
           | smileysteve wrote:
           | 1/3 of the US gasoline pipeline was held hostage or had a
           | massive leak in 2021, shuts down for hurricanes, and had an
           | explosion in 2016.
           | 
           | But every individual household can't high speed charge on
           | their residential service 250 miles every day while their air
           | conditioning is running. (/s)
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_Pipeline_ransomware.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://newrepublic.com/article/161498/huntersville-north-
           | ca...
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Colonial_Pipeline_leak
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | > everybody can't high speed charge on their residential
             | service 250 miles every day
             | 
             | Fortunately, most people drive substantially less than 91K
             | miles per year, so everyone charging 250 miles every day is
             | not anywhere close to the actual requirement.
        
               | smileysteve wrote:
               | Added the /s for clarity;
               | 
               | The gasoline delivery pipeline is a risk to national
               | security and the health of citizens; it has experienced a
               | number of issues over the last 10 years.
               | 
               | 95% of fear-mongers are concerned about the 5% use case,
               | while ignoring that humans sleep, eat, or need to stretch
               | legs in less miles.
        
             | bjustin wrote:
             | Why would everyone high speed charge? You can get 250 miles
             | in Model 3 at 12 hours of 6.6kW (~22 mi/hour). Even only
             | eight hours would get 170 miles. Eight hours of charging
             | per night is doable for most people, I imagine.
        
               | smileysteve wrote:
               | This is what I am pointing out about the article,
               | industry, and fear mongering on this subject.
               | 
               | the p50 for daily commute distance in America is ~41
               | miles; if cars only had a 200 mile range. they'd still
               | last ~4+ days; and that's not accounting for the
               | possibility of "topping" off at commercial electric
               | properties (places or employment/entertainment,
               | transportation hub, gas stations installing chargers)
        
             | ip26 wrote:
             | Air conditioning peak load is 2-7pm, 5.5kW. EV peak load is
             | like 7pm-1am, 6-12kW (and can be dialed back).
             | 
             | Frankly they are complimentary. If you have the service to
             | run AC, you already have the service for an EV.
        
               | smileysteve wrote:
               | Exactly. And modern thermostats and modern electric cars
               | can work around each other, around grid usage dynamics
               | while also extending the average driver's battery life
               | because 8 hours of sleep doesn't require full speed
               | charging.
        
           | olyjohn wrote:
           | It wasn't a problem because if you went on a longer trip
           | where there was no gas, you just took more gas with you. Lack
           | of gas stations wasn't even an issue for gas cars. People
           | didn't just jump in their cars and go on a totally unplanned
           | drive like we can do now.
        
           | worrycue wrote:
           | No one pushed a deadline for transition from horses to ICE
           | car though. It just happened over time at its own pace.
           | People bought cars when they could afford it and there was
           | infrastructure to support them.
        
         | jmspring wrote:
         | California, a state with many EVs, can't keep its power grid
         | going during high winds, heat waves, etc. PG&E and other power
         | companies are a long way from fixing this issue.
        
         | leetcrew wrote:
         | it does seem to me that we have decided on a date for the
         | solution (EVs) without high confidence that the dependencies
         | (generation) will actually be ready by that date.
         | 
         | but besides that, I'm not convinced that EVs are the best
         | solution to begin with. EVs solve only one of several major
         | issues with ICE vehicles. they still shed tire/brake particles,
         | take up tons of space, encourage sprawling development, and are
         | just as hazardous to pedestrians.
         | 
         | I can't help but think this massive investment of time and
         | resources might be better spent on public transit that is
         | actually pleasant to use. pax will typically optimize for
         | travel time over all else. if the fastest option is public
         | transit more often than not, personal vehicles will become a
         | niche that doesn't matter much from an emissions perspective.
         | 
         | btw, I am an auto enthusiast. I love driving and I love cars.
         | but it seems to me that most people don't enjoy driving at all.
         | imo we would all be better off if cars were enjoyed
         | intentionally by a small minority of enthusiasts. why spend so
         | much to fix something most people don't like to begin with?
        
           | iinnPP wrote:
           | I was downvoted into oblivion for suggesting part of the EV
           | solution will be to force people out of driving and into
           | using a Waymo-like service.
           | 
           | Seems pretty obvious to me. I also don't drive and don't use
           | public transportation or cabs. I walk and get stared at
           | awkwardly for it.
           | 
           | I personally cannot wait for a time when a traffic light
           | doesn't result in me almost dying because people can't follow
           | basic rules of the road.
           | 
           | I just got back from a 10min walk where I was able to
           | kick(and damage) the bumper of a SUV after I had to dodge
           | their left hand turn when I had a walk clearance and
           | witnessed a car blow a completely red (for 30seconds...) red
           | light and nearly collided with a thankfully aware driver
           | making a left hand turn during an advance.
           | 
           | Edit: My city is considered a dream compared to the close by
           | moronic drivers of Toronto Ontario.
        
             | dghughes wrote:
             | Have you even been to the countryside? People live there.
        
               | iinnPP wrote:
               | Of course. I couldn't do what I do there and would never
               | suggest anyone choosing that life should change. I value
               | personal freedom immensely.
               | 
               | There are definitely things that could be done in that
               | situation to limit the need for driving. I have no real
               | way to know if the people living outside of cities do
               | such.
        
             | least wrote:
             | > Seems pretty obvious to me. I also don't drive and don't
             | use public transportation or cabs. I walk and get stared at
             | awkwardly for it.
             | 
             | Being able to walk everywhere you need to go is a massive
             | luxury. Especially without any public transportation?
             | Sounds really nice.
             | 
             | It's just not feasible for most people and it won't be any
             | time soon.
        
               | iinnPP wrote:
               | What is stopping them exactly?
               | 
               | I live in a well off area on the outskirts of a city of
               | 500,000. Driving across the city takes an hour. I have
               | lived in the south-east, south, north, central, west,
               | southwest, and northeast areas of the city and have been
               | able to walk everywhere my entire life.
               | 
               | I guess people don't like luxury because a large chunk of
               | my neighborhood will drive their 8-seater SUV(alone) to
               | the convenience store on the corner for a drink. I have
               | met precisely zero people from my area who walk to the
               | grocery store nearby where I pickup my fresh produce
               | every few days.
               | 
               | People are just lazy.
        
               | aiilns wrote:
               | Let me get this straight. You're asking what's stopping
               | people from walking everywhere?
               | 
               | And instead of thinking for like 5 seconds and realizing
               | someone may work 15km away from home you write a
               | senseless comment about people driving to the grocery
               | store and concluding that what's stopping people from
               | walking everywhere is that they're lazy.
               | 
               | OK.
        
               | iinnPP wrote:
               | Not everywhere. That is a very deliberate decision on my
               | part. I have picked jobs which support it, moved where I
               | rent based on it, and made it important. Not for the
               | environment either, but for me.
               | 
               | If you want to work 15km from your home and can't
               | bike/public transport to work and don't have the ~2 hours
               | to walk (which I am not suggesting would be common) then
               | you could do whatever makes sense to you. I have been
               | finding work from home positions since 2015 without
               | issue.
               | 
               | The comment about the grocery store is different than
               | what you think. The problem is that people complain about
               | carbon while doing nothing to solve it. In my scenario it
               | is a 15min walk to the store. I carry two reusable bags
               | and sometimes a backpack for bulkier items. The area is
               | on the outskirts and the sidewalk is limited to one side
               | of the road. Having walked to the grocery store some 500
               | times in the last ~2 years, I have met an astonishingly
               | low amount of people doing the same. My neighborhood has
               | two public schools and a highschool, to give you an idea
               | of size.
               | 
               | These same people drive to the centralized park and
               | convenience stores. It is a nice area with 80% NDP
               | voters.
               | 
               | I collect groceries for 4 people and make all my meals
               | from ~scratch (very limited canned food). We don't use
               | the cities garbage services, everything is recyclable or
               | compostable.
               | 
               | I'm not really suggesting anyone should walk everywhere,
               | just that driving everywhere isnt helping the problem
               | they claim to care about.
        
               | least wrote:
               | > People are just lazy.
               | 
               | Do you commute to work by walking? How long does that
               | take you each day? How about the grocery store? How many
               | people do you have to do grocery shopping for? What about
               | buying clothing or other necessities? If you're ordering
               | most of your stuff in, you're not reducing the need for
               | driving, you're paying someone else to drive for you.
               | 
               | No, people aren't just lazy. Most people don't have the
               | time or money to live that lifestyle.
        
               | leetcrew wrote:
               | > What about buying clothing or other necessities? If
               | you're ordering most of your stuff in, you're not
               | reducing the need for driving, you're paying someone else
               | to drive for you.
               | 
               | not really... batching a bunch of orders and delivering
               | them out of a van is about as efficient as last mile
               | logistics can get.
               | 
               | ubereats/GrubHub is a notable exception, since people
               | expect much stronger latency guarantees for this use
               | case.
        
               | least wrote:
               | > not really... batching a bunch of orders and delivering
               | them out of a van is about as efficient as last mile
               | logistics can get.
               | 
               | It's definitely more efficient than driving yourself, but
               | it's also hiring out your driving to someone else, which
               | counts against someone being able to "walk everywhere"
               | because it requires you to assume that the person can
               | make up any shortcomings in their location with mail
               | order. Point is, you can't realistically walk everywhere
               | in most places.
        
               | iinnPP wrote:
               | I work full time. I make all my food from scratch(when
               | tomatoes are off season I do use canned tomatoes and
               | tomato paste but not something such as tomato sauce) I
               | have one child, an elderly dependent, and a wife. My wife
               | also works full time.
               | 
               | We do not order delivery.
               | 
               | I do not commute currently, but I have walked for
               | 75minutes one way(2.5hours total for 12.5hours a week)
               | for about a year at a previous position with a poor bike
               | route.
               | 
               | We do order stuff from Amazon. Which covers things that
               | are hard to find close by.
               | 
               | There's no way that everyone is lazy in my area. They
               | could definitely stop 3minute drives to the park though.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | > What is stopping them exactly?
               | 
               | Living in places not suited for it. I don't have a
               | drivers license. I'm 48 and have never gotten one because
               | I like to walk and have always lived places with good
               | public transit.
               | 
               | So, when in a past job I often travelled to the Bay Area,
               | I tried to walk as much as I could there too, and it
               | often worked.
               | 
               | But I also frequently found direct routes to places I
               | needed to get to unsafe to walk, and ended up on massive
               | detours. E.g. once while we had offices near Menlo Park,
               | I stayed in a nice B&B in Atherton. The direct route
               | along El Camino Real _would 've_ been short enough to
               | walk (for me anyway), but there are parts of it that have
               | no pedestrian affordances whatsoever and woefully
               | insufficient lighting to walking along the roadside. I
               | did that. Once. The detour I found (there might well be
               | better ones; I tried once and wasn't very familiar with
               | the area) took 2-3 times as long at the time.
               | 
               | Had the direct route "worked", I'd have loved to stay at
               | that B&B again on future trips, instead it was written
               | off as too inconvenient for me.
               | 
               | As a visitor, I took some perverse pleasure in trying to
               | figure out how to manage there without a car. But had I
               | _lived_ in the area, I 'd probably quickly have given up
               | and resorted to learning to drive.
               | 
               | And frankly, that's one of the _more_ pedestrian friendly
               | areas I 've visited in the US outside the highest density
               | urban cores.
        
               | lo_zamoyski wrote:
               | > What is stopping them exactly?
               | 
               | Not every city is laid out according to sound urban
               | planning principles, or they have been remodeled and
               | reshaped to accommodate and prioritize car traffic. Many
               | American cities, for example, are organized around the
               | assumption that people will be driving, to the detriment
               | of other modes of transportation.
               | 
               | That, and the introduction of the car has allowed people
               | to live far from places of work, food markets, stores,
               | schools, churches, etc. There isn't as much pressure to
               | build closely to minimize distance which is why postwar
               | developments looks like sprawl instead of the compact
               | cities that dominated historically. It becomes necessary
               | to drive everywhere.
               | 
               | > People are just lazy.
               | 
               | Eliminating parking space would change the incentives. If
               | you know parking will be a huge pain, it offsets a good
               | chunk of the convenience. (It might be painful at first,
               | but our current practices are financially unsustainable.
               | Sometimes you have to break crooked bones so that they
               | can be straightened out.)
        
               | throw0101b wrote:
               | > _Not every city is laid out according to sound urban
               | planning principles_ [...]
               | 
               | Well... they were laid out according to the "sound" urban
               | planning principles of the 1950s and 1960s. Their
               | soundness is currently being re-evaluated since the
               | previously-unknown/ignored externalities are now being
               | taken into account.
        
               | iinnPP wrote:
               | You're right. 100%.
               | 
               | There are areas that promote walking and other forms of
               | transit and there are those that don't.
               | 
               | I am in a city that contains a voter base that is 80%(NDP
               | - A Canadian political party that is left of the Trudeau
               | Liberals). We have bike paths all over and many areas of
               | the city can be reached through a gorgeous city wide bike
               | path paved throughout gorgeous scenery. Together with
               | dedicated bike lanes with spacers from traffic. Those
               | paths are used mostly for excerise and the paths on the
               | road are used by an alarmingly small sum of people.
               | 
               | Its definitely laziness for some people but not all.
               | 
               | I also read every privacy policy for services I use. I'm
               | weird. I'm also lazy.
        
               | StanislavPetrov wrote:
               | >Not every city is laid out according to sound urban
               | planning principles, or they have been remodeled and
               | reshaped to accommodate and prioritize car traffic. Many
               | American cities, for example, are organized around the
               | assumption that people will be driving, to the detriment
               | of other modes of transportation.
               | 
               | In addition, plenty of climates in the US don't allow for
               | walking, no matter how the city is laid out. You aren't
               | walking anywhere remotely distant in Las Vegas or Phoenix
               | or other parts of the Southwest in the summer, when
               | temperatures routinely soar over 110 degrees (with
               | blazing sun), unless you want someone to find your
               | shriveled husk of a corpse on the side of the road.
               | Similarly, you aren't walking anywhere in huge portions
               | of the North/central/northeastern parts of the US in the
               | winter, when temperatures plummet below zero and
               | blizzards and ice storms occur frequently. Even in areas
               | where the weather and the city layout is amenable to
               | walking, there are tens of millions of elderly, disabled
               | and/or morbidly obese Americans that lack the capacity to
               | walk any significant distance at all.
        
             | mlyle wrote:
             | This doesn't change the amount of generation you need to go
             | N miles. Indeed, rideshare might increase distances
             | overall.
             | 
             | Rideshare has some benefits in reducing some of the capital
             | investment and some in allowing some charging
             | infrastructure to be centralized (reducing distribution
             | system). It might also be able to squeeze a little bit of
             | mid-day charging in. But it doesn't really change most of
             | the picture for the grid.
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | Rideshare is also one of a portfolio of things that make
               | it easier to have walkable, bike friendly cities while
               | still being able to hire cars (of an appropriate size)
               | when necessary.
               | 
               | So commute every workday by bike/bus/train but use a car
               | share to get to somewhere out of town once a month.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | What I'd like to see would be transit networks
               | aggressively build out "virtual" and "semi-virtual"
               | routes with capped waiting times. E.g. put a "call"
               | button at bus stops, run anywhere from no to frequent
               | scheduled full bus routes on a stretch, and (EDIT:
               | automatically, on demand) charter ride-share services as
               | needed to fulfill wait time guarantees. Increase the use
               | of actual buses as usage increases.
               | 
               | A whole lot of transit is a chicken and egg problem where
               | people buy cars because the transit options aren't good
               | enough, and so have incentives to use it, and so rider
               | numbers remain too low to justify increasing them and/or
               | it deters people who strongly prefers to use public
               | transit from even moving there.
               | 
               | You need to treat it as a public good not just for those
               | who use it, but for those who might want to use it and
               | even those who don't but end up benefiting from less
               | congestion and the environmental benefits, and be willing
               | to subsidise it more aggressively, and rideshare options,
               | with or without self driving, could help drive down the
               | cost of operating many "bus routes" that'd be
               | particularly expensive to operate with mostly empty full
               | scale buses.
        
               | matt3D wrote:
               | They have a concept similar to what you described in
               | South America. In Peru you can jump in private vehicles
               | that run particular named (sometimes even numbered)
               | routes.
               | 
               | The car and minibuses simply go when they are full or
               | once they have waited a fixed amount of time and they
               | have at least on passenger. It works pretty well and a
               | company called CityMapper tried to do something similar
               | in London. They looked at the transport data and found
               | routes that people wanted to take, but we're underserved
               | by public transport (eg. Shoreditch to Islington on a
               | Friday night). They would then hire privately operated
               | black taxis to run the route for a fixed fare with a
               | fixed waiting time, and they took the risk on empty
               | seats.
               | 
               | https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/21/citymapper-ties-with-
               | gett-...
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | Yes, transport nerds talk about why you need public
               | transport that runs at night and weekends so that people
               | can rely on it, but increasingly technology opens up
               | options like you suggest.
               | 
               | Rural areas have been early adopters of this kind of on
               | demand public transport due to low density but it can be
               | applied further.
        
               | iinnPP wrote:
               | I think there is a clearly positive impact in having what
               | I imagine would be 70% less vehicles on the road.
               | Including the added benefit of the elimination of
               | driveway requirements and huge parking areas allowing for
               | more dense development and thus shorter overall drive
               | distance.
               | 
               | It also allows for a distribution in peak charging time.
               | 
               | Getting people to walk would be the biggest impact.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | > I think there is a clearly positive impact in having
               | what I imagine would be 70% less vehicles on the road.
               | 
               | Already acknowledged, but it doesn't improve the picture
               | for the grid.
               | 
               | > huge parking areas allowing for more dense development
               | and thus shorter overall drive distance.
               | 
               | Ceteris paribus. If we move to EV rideshare, eventually
               | houses might become closer together. But that will be a
               | much slower effect and you'd have to deal with energy
               | usage based on current building distances.
               | 
               | > It also allows for a distribution in peak charging
               | time.
               | 
               | Already mentioned.
        
             | mulmen wrote:
             | Maybe people are staring at you awkwardly because you're
             | picking fights, and not because you're walking.
        
           | mbgerring wrote:
           | The massive investment in time in resources is mostly private
           | capital, on the assumption that that capital will see a
           | return, which is unlikely to ever happen with public transit.
           | 
           | I agree with you, and I also know we are running out of time
           | to avoid the worst consequences of climate change. I'm
           | resigned at this point to doing whatever is likeliest to get
           | the job done in time. And either way, the busses, trains and
           | ferries all need to be electrified too, and any grid
           | improvements, advancements in battery tech etc. will also
           | help those efforts.
        
           | phkahler wrote:
           | Public transit only works when the stops are all in high
           | density areas. Most the the US is not suitable for it. We
           | might improve it in areas where it makes sense though.
        
             | vidarh wrote:
             | Plenty of stations I travelled between as a child (in
             | Norway) were pretty much a bit of pavement next to the
             | track, and no station building. Sometimes minutes from the
             | nearest house.
             | 
             | Public transit can relieve / reduce the need for car
             | traffic a whole lot of places too low density to completely
             | remove the need for cars.
        
               | shagie wrote:
               | Norway is 148 mi^2 and Montana is 147 mi^2 (and for a
               | comparison on the other extreme Japan is 145 mi^2)
               | 
               | Norway has an overall population density of 38/mi^2
               | (15/km^2) and a map with that distribution - https://comm
               | ons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Norway_population_de...
               | 
               | Montana has a population density of 6.86/mi^2 (2.65/km^2)
               | - and an interactive map of it:
               | https://statisticalatlas.com/state/Montana/Population
               | 
               | Japan has a population density of 900/mi^2 or 326/km^2
               | 
               | There are large portions of the US that are larger than
               | European countries and have _very_ low population
               | densities in comparison.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | Now check the population distribution of US states and
               | even the lowest density US states have most of their
               | population in areas with far higher population density
               | than places in Norway served by trains.
               | 
               | Yes, it's not a solution for everywhere. It's not a
               | solution for everywhere in Norway either. But the point
               | was not that. The point was that contrary to the comment
               | I replied to, it is perfectly viable to serve areas that
               | are quite low density. When you consider the low density
               | areas in Norway that _are_ served by trains, the
               | proportion of the US population that lives in lower
               | density regions is tiny.
        
               | shric wrote:
               | Your areas are off by a factor of 1,000.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | Montana has 500k people or so.
               | 
               | Start solving this for the places with 10+ million people
               | and change rural areas last, if needed (most likely you
               | won't need to change anything).
        
             | esalman wrote:
             | Exactly, and you don't need to invest tons of $$ on EVs to
             | solve that. ICE vehicles should be acceptable in rural
             | areas. In fact, you'll probably have hard time convincing
             | rural folks to switch to EVs.
        
               | yellowapple wrote:
               | > In fact, you'll probably have hard time convincing
               | rural folks to switch to EVs.
               | 
               | I don't think it'd be as hard as you suggest. Even grid
               | power (let alone off-grid power) is far more accessible
               | to even the ruralest of ruralites than a gas station.
               | Another decades' worth of improvements on vehicle
               | range/horsepower/affordability and off-grid power
               | generation/storage/affordability would be more than
               | enough to convince folks that EVs are a sufficiently-
               | practical choice.
        
             | xvedejas wrote:
             | I used to think this, but you'd be amazed how many small
             | towns in Europe have train stations. The eastern third of
             | the US is high enough density for this, we've just chosen
             | to put our money into interstates and the like instead.
        
               | CamperBob2 wrote:
               | Trains take you from one place where you don't want to be
               | to another place where you don't want to be. They are not
               | a substitute for privately-owned transportation, except
               | perhaps in dystopian fiction.
        
               | TexanFeller wrote:
               | They work wonderfully in extremely dense places like
               | London and Tokyo, but they're awful absolutely everywhere
               | else. Definitely nothing in America that compares to
               | foreign trains yet, it would take us 50 years to come
               | close to catching up.
        
               | crote wrote:
               | And that's why you are supposed to _design_ your
               | environment. One railway station is in the suburbs, the
               | other is in a high-density office park. Problem solved!
        
               | danenania wrote:
               | Trains connecting town centers obviously can't solve
               | everyone's transportation needs, but they can help to
               | enable a car-free or reduced-car lifestyle for those who
               | want that and are willing to design their lives around
               | it.
               | 
               | Even if that's only, say, 10% of the population in less
               | dense areas, it could still make a significant impact on
               | traffic and emissions as well giving an economic boost to
               | downtown areas, since there's now a reason for people to
               | live near them.
        
           | nostrademons wrote:
           | I think the long-term solution to transit problems is
           | intermodal passenger pods that can shuffle between self-
           | driving cars, trains, aircraft, watercraft, and elevators.
           | Containerization for people, basically. You'd hop in your pod
           | which is basically another room in your apartment when not in
           | use, and then the building would shuffle you down the
           | elevator to the subway. Once you're outside of city limits,
           | it'd transfer you to a self-driving car to take you to a hike
           | in the mountains. Or it could send you to the airport,
           | security scan you on the way, and your pod would fit straight
           | onto the aircraft without any need to get out, go through
           | security, wait at the terminal, or interact with other
           | passengers. Or it might transfer you to commute rail to get
           | to the general vicinity of your workplace, and then a self-
           | driving scooter for the last mile to work.
           | 
           | EVs are a useful step in that direction though. Something
           | like the Rivian skateboard platform lends itself very well to
           | containerized passenger transport, since the passenger body
           | can just be loaded straight onto the chassis. Plus this model
           | generally has shorter, fewer, and more predictable vehicle
           | miles, which makes EV charging easier.
        
             | hammyhavoc wrote:
             | What is this actually solving other than adding tons of
             | mechanical failure points? Why not just use a door? People
             | already don't move around enough.
        
               | nostrademons wrote:
               | Transit time, particularly in the transfer points between
               | types of transportation. Imagine leaving for the airport
               | 30 minutes before take-off time rather than 2 hours, and
               | not needing to spend half an hour de-planing and
               | collecting your baggage. Many short-haul commuter flights
               | (eg. ~1H from SFO to Reno or LAX to Vegas) become viable,
               | and HSR is much more practical if you don't need to worry
               | about connections or last-mile transportation.
               | 
               | You could commute Merced -> Google in about 50 minutes
               | with this system, less than the shuttle to SF currently
               | takes. It'd be 2 stops on CA HSR (Merced -> Gilroy ->
               | SJC, 30 minutes), then 1 stop on a Caltrain baby bullet
               | (SJC -> MTV, 15 minutes), then a self-driving car for the
               | 2 miles from MTV Caltrain to Google (5 minutes). Best of
               | all, you wouldn't need to interrupt what you're doing -
               | you could take a nap, or code, or read a book, or watch a
               | TV show and not need to put it away every time you switch
               | transportation modes. Think of what that'd do to housing
               | prices, if the commutable distance from the Bay Area
               | extended out to the Central Valley.
               | 
               | Also, computer-controlling all the individual vehicles
               | allows the possibility of moving transfers. Imagine if
               | HSR didn't need to come to a stop for passengers to
               | embark and disembark. The self-driving car could instead
               | accelerate up to ~100mph and the train would decelerate
               | to that, and then pods would move over as their chassis
               | lined up. One of the biggest issues with rail
               | transportation is that you lose much of the travel time
               | to stops, acceleration, and deceleration; get rid of that
               | your trains can go much faster.
               | 
               | There's a lot of benefit to using self-driving
               | cars/scooters only for the last-mile and using bulk
               | transport like trains or planes for the majority of the
               | trip, too. It's fewer vehicle miles overall and a shorter
               | trip radius for the EV, which cuts down on overall energy
               | use and makes recharging simpler.
        
               | crote wrote:
               | All of this has been done in the past.
               | 
               | Having to be at the airport 2 hours in advance is solely
               | due to the security theater we all participate in. Back
               | in the 90s you could indeed show up 15-30mins before
               | takeoff. Magic pods aren't going to solve it: you'll just
               | sit for two hours in your pod instead.
               | 
               | Trains in Britain used to detach some cars while driving
               | at high speed, so-called "slip coaches". Turns out it is
               | needlessly complicated while providing negligible real
               | benefit. High-speed rail already operated in a hub-and-
               | spoke structure, and one 5-minute stop every hour 100
               | miles or so is barely noticeable.
        
               | hammyhavoc wrote:
               | ... but what's the actual value here?
               | 
               | OK, create an incredibly complex transportation system
               | that adds a ton of mechanical failure points--so buddy
               | can read his book uninterrupted, take a nap, or watch a
               | TV show? And what's the net gain for humanity here? If
               | they feel they need to nap in public then maybe their
               | work-life balance is problematic.
               | 
               | Who's going to pay for this system? If they pass the
               | costs onto the consumer, the average schmoe isn't going
               | to be able to afford to travel with what maintaining a
               | system of this complexity would cost.
               | 
               | What about fail states? What happens when a pod transfer
               | issue means the whole train is brought to a halt? What
               | happens if there's an unexpected obstacle in front of the
               | car running alongside the train?
               | 
               | Quite honestly, most people probably don't even need to
               | be in the office, let alone all the time. The solutions
               | are travelling less, not increasing the complexity of the
               | transport infrastructure and consuming more juice just
               | because someone doesn't want to stop what they're doing
               | for a minute or two.
               | 
               | People say WFH is apparently bad for productivity--so
               | what's coding from a train? Productivity is measured in
               | value generated and quality of that output, not time
               | invested.
               | 
               | As for cars and trains matching speeds to facilitate
               | transfer of a pod, what's that going to do to the price
               | of real estate so transport can do that all over the
               | place?
               | 
               | The office is dead. Long live the office.
        
               | nostrademons wrote:
               | > OK, create an incredibly complex transportation system
               | that adds a ton of mechanical failure points--so buddy
               | can read his book uninterrupted, take a nap, or watch a
               | TV show? And what's the net gain for humanity here?
               | 
               | Yes, that's precisely the point - to get back the hours
               | spent commuting so you don't have to think about them and
               | can do other more productive or enjoyable things with
               | that time. If you spend 8 hours working at $50/hour and
               | then 2 hours commuting, that's $100/day or roughly
               | $2000/month in saved time. Most people would consider
               | that worthwhile.
               | 
               | > If they feel they need to nap in public then maybe
               | their work-life balance is problematic.
               | 
               | No shit, but cutting time wasted in commuting is
               | generally an easier sell than cutting time spend actually
               | working or engaged in leisure activities.
               | 
               | > What about fail states? What happens when a pod
               | transfer issue means the whole train is brought to a
               | halt? What happens if there's an unexpected obstacle in
               | front of the car running alongside the train?
               | 
               | The same way we've made air travel so safe that you don't
               | need to think about it, despite the tens of thousands of
               | parts in a modern jetliner. Engineer the hell out of it,
               | and build in multiple redundancies and failsafes.
               | 
               | > Quite honestly, most people probably don't even need to
               | be in the office, let alone all the time.
               | 
               | If remote work actually worked, we should do that
               | instead.
               | 
               | Not everyone is a software engineer or knowledge worker,
               | and it's likely that the fraction of people who are is
               | going to go down in the future.
        
           | JoshTriplett wrote:
           | > but it seems to me that most people don't enjoy driving at
           | all.
           | 
           | While many people don't enjoy _driving_ , many people _do_
           | prefer cars as a mode of transit. Don 't assume that people
           | "don't like cars", whether or not they like _driving_ as an
           | activity. People overwhelmingly prefer cars.
           | 
           | > if the fastest option is public transit more often than not
           | 
           | That's a _very_ high bar to reach. And you also have to take
           | into account the hassle of transit not actually getting you
           | where you want to be. It 's one thing to have a transit
           | system that can get you between cities or to a large general
           | area; it's another to have a transit system that can get you
           | from an arbitrary door to an arbitrary door, which a car
           | _can_ do.
        
             | nicoburns wrote:
             | People do often prefer driving. However, people tend to not
             | like the effects that _other people driving_ has on their
             | life. Public transport starts to look a lot better when you
             | take that into account too.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | brianwawok wrote:
               | If you don't live in a mega city it doesn't matter
               | though. I live in a metro area of ~250k people. No
               | traffic is so bad a 2 lane road doesn't still move. So
               | drive away my neighbors! Preferable in an EV powered by
               | green energy.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | A city of 250k people could have awesome public transit
               | if it wanted to.
        
             | benjiweber wrote:
             | I mean in London the fastest option is public transit more
             | often than not, and you get pretty close to door to door.
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | Same in Manhattan! Now we only need to make most of the
               | US as dense as London at least. I don't think it's
               | realistic. (Also, have you tried to afford a place to
               | live in London, to say nothing of Manhattan?)
               | 
               | People "prefer cars" because people prefer detached
               | houses and low-density living. Not all of them, but
               | plenty enough. For them, an EV is the only electric
               | option.
               | 
               | In cities, of course, public transit should predominate,
               | and should be developed and improved, while car presence
               | should become lower and lower.
        
               | TexanFeller wrote:
               | Public transportation in London is awesome and everyone
               | from the richest to poorest rides it together. The couple
               | of times I rode in Manhattan really put me off of it.
               | Dirty, overcrowded, pervasive smell of urine, and mostly
               | just lower class people.
        
               | majormajor wrote:
               | Last time I was in Manhattan was 6 years ago, but at the
               | time an Uber was as-good-or-better than the train for a
               | lot of within-Manhattan trips. I splurged on a bunch of
               | Ubers since it let me see a lot more of the city at
               | ground level, which was fun, and then quickly noticed
               | that when you factored transfers and walking to/from
               | stations, it was no inconvenience either.
               | 
               | Obviously it wouldn't scale that well for _everybody_ but
               | I wouldn 't be surprised to see, if self driving cars
               | master Manhattan, some more well-off people who aren't
               | currently at "private driver" level of rich to move to
               | self-driving cabs or such to avoid crowding and go point-
               | to-point.
               | 
               | The _big_ advantage of the trains was in leaving
               | Manhattan and going to Long Island, though, compared to
               | the car-bottleneck-hell of the bridges and tunnels.
        
               | leetcrew wrote:
               | we don't need to make most of the US as dense as London.
               | we need to make the parts of the US _where most people
               | live_ dense enough to support public transit _for most
               | trips_.
               | 
               | it's fine if people use ICE vehicles now and then to
               | visit family, go to a specialty store, etc. it's the
               | daily and weekly trips that need to be fixed.
               | 
               | and the breakeven point does not need to be quite so
               | dense as London. for example, the DC area has a lot of
               | sprawly (at least by east coast standards) suburbs. the
               | DC metro has some room for improvement, but it is still
               | much better than a car for getting into and out of the
               | city during peak hours. though I'll admit I sometimes
               | splurge for an Uber. cars are much more competitive when
               | you don't need to park them.
        
               | barrkel wrote:
               | The fastest option in London is somewhere between a
               | motorbike and a bicycle (if you ignore traffic lights).
               | It is not public transit.
        
             | IIAOPSW wrote:
             | >whether or not they like driving as an activity. People
             | overwhelmingly prefer cars.
             | 
             | You're basically rejecting the premise as your
             | counterargument. Yes, in the currently built world where
             | public transit is generally worse, people would rather take
             | a car. What about the scenario where public transit is
             | actually decent? You don't really address this, you just
             | state a bunch of gripes with transit-as-is not transit-as-
             | conjectured.
             | 
             | >And you also have to take into account the hassle of
             | transit not actually getting you where you want to be. It's
             | one thing to have a transit system that can get you between
             | cities or to a large general area; it's another to have a
             | transit system that can get you from an arbitrary door to
             | an arbitrary door, which a car can do.
             | 
             | Pretty much every major Metro in the world does exactly
             | that. NY, London, Paris, Tokyo, Shanghai, HK. When trains
             | run at 5 min frequencies or better, and the network is at
             | least federated between hubs, you get effectively arbitrary
             | point to point transport which is always there when you
             | need it, you don't need to find or pay for parking, it will
             | never be broken into or have unexpected maintenance costs,
             | and you can focus on anything you want because you don't
             | have to pay attention to the road. Factoring in the cost of
             | a new car over how many years you will own it, as well as
             | insurance and other expenses, you're paying more per day
             | than you would on the train before you even left the
             | driveway! The rationale of car ownership stops making sense
             | in cities like these, and consequently, people aren't
             | preferring cars.
             | 
             | The commonality of commuting by car in North America
             | doesn't arise out of natural preferences, its a built
             | preference. Built by a system that reinforces itself.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | > Pretty much every major Metro in the world does exactly
               | that. NY, London, Paris, Tokyo, Shanghai, HK.
               | 
               | I've been to Paris and London and used their Metros and
               | had no car. They're nice, but there's still a lot of
               | walking between where you are and the metro station. If
               | you're on the system late at night, there's a lot of
               | waiting. If you're on the system during rush hour,
               | there's a lot of people in a tiny space. If you can use
               | it on the shoulders of peak, it's wonderful. Then again,
               | roads are pretty good on the shoulders of peak too
               | (parking in a busy area is almost never great, but
               | there's an easy solution: avoid dense cities, which I'd
               | prefer anyway, dense cities have a lot of people, and I
               | don't like people in groups)
               | 
               | You may not have to pay money for unexpected maintenance,
               | but you may be stuck somewhere when a train breaks down
               | or has a collision; hopefully at a station and not on the
               | particular train. Yeah, this happens with personal
               | vehicles, but when my car won't start, it doesn't have a
               | big impact on taxi capacity; when the train is stuck,
               | everybody wants a taxi and it's hard to get one.
               | 
               | The big problem is there's no sense of agency. I can
               | maintain my car, but I can't maintain the metro. I can
               | fuel my car, but I can't prevent metro workers from
               | striking. I can pretend I'll avoid collisions when
               | driving, but I can't drive the train (and the train can't
               | stop in time if anything unexpected is on the tracks).
               | 
               | Americans like a sense of agency, even if it means a
               | worse result. Give me liberty or give me death and all
               | that.
        
           | tshaddox wrote:
           | > it does seem to me that we have decided on a date for the
           | solution (EVs) without high confidence that the dependencies
           | (generation) will actually be ready by that date.
           | 
           | Isn't that what it means to set a goal to complete some task?
           | Of course it means that you also aspire to accomplish all the
           | dependencies by that date.
        
           | throw0101b wrote:
           | > _it does seem to me that we have decided on a date for the
           | solution (EVs) without high confidence that the dependencies
           | (generation) will actually be ready by that date._
           | 
           | "We choose to go to the Moon in this decade and do the other
           | things, not because they are easy, but because they are
           | hard...":
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We_choose_to_go_to_the_Moon
           | 
           | Perhaps we should consider being more aspirational than
           | practical.
           | 
           | > _but besides that, I 'm not convinced that EVs are the best
           | solution to begin with._
           | 
           | I'm all for putting more effort into moving towards less car-
           | centric and more human-centric developments, but until
           | there's (more) progress on that front, we need to make
           | parallel progress on reducing carbon in our current system:
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streetcar_suburb
        
             | leetcrew wrote:
             | I think using a rare moment of broad public alignment to
             | change our transit paradigm is a lot more aspirational than
             | issuing patches to a fundamentally broken system.
        
               | yellowapple wrote:
               | I suspect that broad public alignment would be far less
               | broad and far less aligned the moment one suggests
               | actually changing said transit paradigm to any
               | significant degree.
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | EVs are actually phasing out both brake particle emmissions
           | and brake fluid, by returning to "drum brakes" when regen
           | isn't enough.
           | 
           | https://www.continental.com/en/press/studies-
           | publications/te...
           | 
           | > The drum brake offers even further attractions, the
           | environmental particulate emissions are vastly reduced when
           | compared to the traditional disc brake system technology,
           | that will bring upcoming decisive decisions to comply with
           | increasingly stricter environmental requirements. While
           | combustion engines have had to comply with increasingly
           | stringent emission limits in recent years, the focus has now
           | widened to include foundation brakes. The fine brake dust
           | generated from the brake system can have far-reaching adverse
           | effects on human health, depending on the size of the
           | particles emitted. Experts expect stricter legal requirements
           | from the EU Commission by 2025 at the latest. Drum brake
           | technology takes advantage of the enclosed housing system,
           | allowing the brake dust particulates to be accumulated within
           | the enclosed system that can be collected and disposed in a
           | controlled manner that protects the environment.
        
             | lnsru wrote:
             | These things rust as hell in their enclosures. Volkswagen
             | group EVs with rear drums are catastrophic development.
             | Take press releases and advertisement with a grain of salt
             | next time.
        
               | chinabot wrote:
               | running a 40 year old car (ev conversion) with drum
               | brakes just fine. its a solved problem.
        
               | leoedin wrote:
               | Until perhaps 10 years ago, drum brakes were standard as
               | the rear brakes of almost every car. They lasted pretty
               | much the lifetime of the car.
        
               | deckard1 wrote:
               | 10 years ago? As in 2013? Did you mean 40 years ago?
               | Almost every car? On a scale of 1 to 10 billion, how high
               | are you right now?
        
               | namdnay wrote:
               | Rear drum brakes are still standarx for entry level cars
               | in Europe. Dacia Sandero, Renault Clio, Peugeot 208 - the
               | base models all have rear drums
        
               | lnsru wrote:
               | Yes. My cheap motorcycle had drum brakes and was fine for
               | many many kilometers. The problem with electric vehicles
               | is that they brake with motors and not with brakes.
               | Brakes gather dust and silently corrode. Apparently
               | latest vehicles periodically activate brakes without
               | driver's intervention to prevent corrosion and uneven
               | wear.
        
               | jjav wrote:
               | > Until perhaps 10 years ago, drum brakes were standard
               | as the rear brakes of almost every car.
               | 
               | You need to go back more than that. In the 80s nearly
               | every car had rear drum brakes, that phased out in the
               | early 90s or so. Only the very cheapest cars had drums
               | past that timeframe.
               | 
               | > They lasted pretty much the lifetime of the car.
               | 
               | Having owned a few drum braked cars (including all four
               | wheel drums), not really. You still need to change them
               | as they wear out, it's just a lot more work than disk
               | brake pads which can be swapped out in a few minutes.
               | 
               | The rear brakes do a lot less work than the fronts,
               | particularly on smaller lightweight cars (the kind that
               | still had rear drums in the 90s) so in that sense yes,
               | those rear drums lasted a good while (but certainly not
               | the life of the car).
               | 
               | If you put front drum brakes on a fast & heavy car,
               | you'll be wearing them out pretty quick.
        
               | namdnay wrote:
               | Maybe that's specific to big US cars? Drum brakes are
               | still completely standard on entry level european and
               | Asian models. Rear discs only come into play when you're
               | going above 100hp and/or 1300kg
        
             | amluto wrote:
             | Cute.
             | 
             | How does the accumulated brake dust not affect braking
             | performance? And can it tolerate getting wet inside, or is
             | it somehow sealed well enough to go through puddles without
             | getting wet?
             | 
             | I suppose one could build an all-wheel-drive EV that only
             | uses mechanical brakes during emergency maneuvers.
        
               | sottol wrote:
               | Drum brakes have been around for a century, afaik they're
               | more robust than discs but "lower performance". These
               | look like a variation on a pretty standard design at
               | first scan.
        
               | wlesieutre wrote:
               | Lower performance brakes is a hard trade off to make when
               | EVs are also heavier than gas cars
        
               | ch_sm wrote:
               | I think the idea is that engine braking (regenerative
               | braking) makes up for the difference.
        
               | ezfe wrote:
               | My PHEV weighs 30% more than the non-PHEV version, yet my
               | brakes have lasted longer than anyone I read online with
               | the regular version of my car.
               | 
               | This is because of regenerative braking not using the
               | brake pads, using the motor instead.
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | Drum brakes are one of the many things that contribute
               | towards EVs becoming lighter than equivalent ICE cars
               | over time, as they weigh less than disc brakes (about 25%
               | lighter, 10lbs maybe, and unsprung weight too).
               | 
               | As the link states, they also increase efficiency, and
               | that allows for smaller batteries, less weight. They're
               | also looking into lighter weight aluminium disc brakes
               | because EVs use them less, and it prevents issues with
               | low usage disc brakes rusting.
        
             | hedora wrote:
             | EV's greatly reduce brake wear. We live on a mountain, and
             | typically apply the brakes for 1-2 seconds to get down with
             | the EV. We ride the brakes for 1 or 5 minutes with our
             | manual or automatic transmission ICE car. Put another way,
             | we're pushing 50K miles on the EV's original brakes and
             | replacing / servicing them isn't on our radar.
             | 
             | However, the EV eats tires like a full-size pickup truck
             | with somewhere to be.
        
               | yardstick wrote:
               | > However, the EV eats tires like a full-size pickup
               | truck with somewhere to be.
               | 
               | Out of curiosity, why is that?
               | 
               | Edit: I Google'd:
               | 
               | " Electric vehicles boast instant torque, meaning they
               | accelerate the second you put the pedal to the metal.
               | However, the high instant torque of electric vehicles can
               | also increase wear and tear. In addition to good grip,
               | the rubber compound used for EV tyres also needs low
               | rolling resistance."
               | 
               | And
               | 
               | " Teslas are heavier than most other cars because of
               | their battery packs, which can add hundreds of pounds to
               | the vehicle's overall weight. This extra weight puts
               | additional strain on the tires and leads to increased
               | friction between the tires and the road surface, which
               | causes them to wear out faster."
        
               | justsomehnguy wrote:
               | "Compared to a similar ICE vehicle"
               | 
               | It maybe a false memory effect but I vague remember this
               | notion about trolleybuses.
        
               | saurik wrote:
               | I am under the (maybe wrong?) impression that the former
               | issue is helped a lot by telling the car to accelerate in
               | Chill mode instead of Standard, which causes it to
               | purposefully carefully ramp a derivative or two of
               | acceleration.
        
               | xbmcuser wrote:
               | While watching this video I was thinking will this solve
               | the tyre particulates problem
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/vSNtifE0Z2Q
        
               | viraptor wrote:
               | That seems like a temporary issue. Right now we've still
               | got lots of expensive/high class EVs where ludicrous mode
               | is a thing people are excited about, but once there's
               | real competition on the low end... "doesn't waste tyres"
               | sounds like both a good selling point and simple to
               | implement.
        
               | TexanFeller wrote:
               | > we're pushing 50K miles on the EV's original brakes and
               | replacing / servicing them isn't on our radar
               | 
               | 50k is nothing, ICE cars often go longer than that
               | without new brake pads. Had my ICE sedan for five years
               | with no sign of brake squeaks yet. Never thought about
               | brakes when I lived on a huge hill either.
        
               | CHY872 wrote:
               | I think most EV drivers will tell you that they use the
               | brakes very infrequently - perhaps once or twice per
               | hundred miles if one is driving long distances. Certainly
               | if you're careful it'd be possible to never use the
               | brakes. I think that's what EV owners think of as
               | different to traditional cars. Yes, brakes can last a
               | long time on traditional cars, but it seems intuitively
               | obvious that if you're just not using them, they'll last
               | longer for the same equipment.
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | That's hogwash, swapping 100% of new cars to EV's represents
           | roughly a 1% increase in electricity demand per year. We can
           | quibble about how flexible the grid is, but historically
           | demand has increased much faster than that in several
           | periods.
           | 
           | As a sanity check. Cars last ~25 years on average. So 100%
           | new EV's represent roughly a 4% changeover per year. Average
           | load per EV works out to roughly 450 watts, because they use
           | a lot of power when their on but most people aren't driving
           | that long per day.
           | 
           | Actual use depends on various factors like charging
           | efficiency etc but roughly 15,000 miles at 4 kWh / mile is
           | only 3,750 kWh per year + charging inefficiency call it 4,000
           | kWh [per EV] * 282 million [cars] * 0.04 [% new cars per
           | year] = 45 TWh per year vs ~4,000 TWh of total US electricity
           | demand. (Edit: fixed units.)
           | 
           | By comparison demand increased by roughly 100TWh/year from
           | 1985 to 1990. Demand only really leveled out between 2010 and
           | now. https://www.statista.com/statistics/201794/us-
           | electricity-co...
        
             | dclusin wrote:
             | Do people actually replace the battery in cars once it dies
             | and continue to use the car? Former Coworkers old Prius had
             | the battery stolen out of it and insurance totaled the car.
             | Wondering if the lifetime between ice and ev is valid.
        
               | quonn wrote:
               | Why would the battery die? This is not a smartphone. For
               | LFP batteries I expect multiple decades of use, even the
               | other Tesla batteries are holding up with only around
               | 5-15% of capacity loss after a decade.
        
             | elmicha wrote:
             | I think you meant 4 miles/kWh (= 15.5 kWh/100km).
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Ops yes.
        
           | amluto wrote:
           | > they still shed tire/brake particles
           | 
           | They shed a whole lot less brake particles due to
           | regenerative braking.
        
         | AndrewKemendo wrote:
         | I can only speak for my own observations but I think it comes
         | down to the fact that fewer people are trusting "the market" to
         | competently predict, deliver and maintain critical fundamental
         | infrastructure for human life.
         | 
         | "The market will take care of that problem" seems to only
         | benefit a small group of people and we're not seeing the
         | requisite proof that any future development will do any better
        
         | pmlnr wrote:
         | ...
         | 
         | Are you aware how shitty the grid in most residential areas
         | actually is?
        
       | cs702 wrote:
       | True, the grid isn't ready for 300M EVs by 2030... but it will
       | _have to be._
       | 
       | Alas, consumers have a long history of ignoring exhortations to
       | change their habits. They always do what they want, not what some
       | authority tells them they ought to do. If they want giant-ass
       | long-range electric trucks and SUVs, they will buy giant-ass
       | long-range electric trucks/SUVs.
       | 
       | The only viable solution is a massive wave of investment to
       | improve energy generation, storage, delivery, and efficiency
       | worldwide.
       | 
       | I believe we can do it :-)
        
         | fowtowmowcow wrote:
         | Microgrids are the future.
        
           | jjtheblunt wrote:
           | What's that?
        
             | p1mrx wrote:
             | A microgrid generally means having wind/solar/batteries
             | near your neighborhood, with a natural gas or diesel
             | generator that kicks in when the batteries die.
        
               | jjtheblunt wrote:
               | That's neat
        
         | kiba wrote:
         | You don't need 300M EV if you make cars less mandatory for
         | living.
        
           | kortilla wrote:
           | That's a non-answer. 2030 is less than 7 years away. You're
           | not going to essentially rebuild entire cities in that time.
        
         | Avshalom wrote:
         | Consumers are _going to be told_ that they want giant-ass
         | electric trucks and SUVs.
        
           | happycube wrote:
           | _sigh_ yeah - GM 's replacing the Bolt with the 2-ft larger
           | Equinox for instance.
           | 
           | I'd rather have a revised Spark EV with rear wheel drive and
           | 200mi range myself.
        
         | spacemadness wrote:
         | I guess I'm much more cynical about who changes consumers
         | habits. Auto companies have spent enormous sums ensuring
         | political behavior is such that cities aren't as walkable as
         | they could be and that people need cars in their life.
        
           | badpun wrote:
           | Did they do it in every developed country? The US doesn't
           | have massively higher number of cars than other countries,
           | esp. considering its relatively rural character.
        
           | cs702 wrote:
           | Auto companies didn't change consumer habits. They changed
           | _physical infrastructure_ to make vehicles a necessity. And
           | they did so surreptitiously through back-room political
           | influence, without ever telling consumers what they ought to
           | do. That 's... different.
        
           | latency-guy2 wrote:
           | Eh, I don't feel like walking today, or tomorrow.
        
       | ttiurani wrote:
       | A more critical issue with just electrifying cars without also
       | reducing the number of them, is that it's completely inadequate
       | to meet CO2 targets. A new study in Nature Communications
       | modelled this for London and found that:
       | 
       | "[T]he current system cannot reach stringent carbon budgets
       | without adopting highly aggressive and disruptive policies.
       | Electrification, including moving the phase out date forward,
       | results in cumulative emissions 7 times greater than the Tyndall
       | carbon budget for the "well below 2 degC and pursuing 1.5 degC"
       | global temperature target. Rather, a combination of aggressive
       | policies is necessary so that future emissions reach levels
       | comparable to the carbon budget. Of these policies, the most
       | important is reducing car travel activity. Policies that decrease
       | car distance driven and car ownership by over 80% as compared to
       | current levels are highly effective in edging close to the
       | designated carbon budget."
       | 
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-37728-x
        
       | dubcanada wrote:
       | Ya we should just say
       | 
       | 300M EVs by some point maybe in the future.
       | 
       | That's how you make progress, hopes and maybes.
       | 
       | The whole point of this is to force a change, otherwise it will
       | end up being let's do it tomorrow, and than it's 2050 and there
       | has been zero progress.
        
       | mataug wrote:
       | Can we also talk about the fact that the fastest growing EV
       | market isn't for cars, its for e-bikes[1], and e-bikes are crazy
       | efficient, and 20x-30x cheaper, compared to electric cars.
       | Example, an e-bike with 400wh ~5 charges of a laptop battery, can
       | get 30 miles of range, compared to ~250wh/mi of a car[2].
       | 
       | Cities are slowly waking up to the fact that more people are
       | biking, and more biking infrastructure leads to even more people
       | biking.
       | 
       | I'm not trying to say that the problem highlighted here isn't
       | valid, I'm merely trying to highlight that the scale of the
       | problem might be lower than we expect.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.theverge.com/2019/12/16/21016306/electric-
       | bike-e... [2]: https://www.seattlebikeblog.com/2023/04/12/why-an-
       | e-bike-inc...
        
         | rendang wrote:
         | Bikes and ebikes are great, but the ceiling on adoption is too
         | low to make a dent in CO2 emissions on the scale of EVs. No
         | large metro in the US has more than about 5% commuting share on
         | bikes.
         | 
         | See for example https://www.goodgoodgood.co/articles/best-
         | cities-for-bike-co...
        
         | bertil wrote:
         | Indeed: "The grid isn't ready for 300M Electric Monster Trucks
         | by 2030" but the grid will have no problem to power 300M
         | electric bikes.
        
           | peteradio wrote:
           | Lol, you like riding bike in the rain? What about in the
           | snow? What about when its excessively hot out? The US doesn't
           | want and will not use 300m bikes. Or do we expect the US to
           | come to a stop when its anything but pleasant outside?
        
         | jseliger wrote:
         | I just got one of these:
         | https://magnumbikes.com/collections/commuting-
         | errands/produc..., granted for under $2k due to a sale at a
         | bike shop, and it's great.
        
         | bullfightonmars wrote:
         | This is the way. Building out dedicated bike infrastructure in
         | cities will come at a fraction of the cost of any other
         | investments and provide for a transit mode that suffers from
         | none of these problems.
        
       | dicriseg wrote:
       | So get it ready. It's the richest country in the world with
       | profits so large it's spiking inflation. There are billionaires
       | out the ass. Maybe we can find the money there.
        
       | ezekiel68 wrote:
       | The US also didn't have 99 aircraft carriers in 1942. But it had
       | that many in 1945. So I guess this is just a question of
       | commitment, dedication, resouce allocation, and ingenuity.
        
       | prepend wrote:
       | > if adaptations aren't made before net-zero goals for EVs are
       | met.
       | 
       | Of course. Why would we not make adaptations? The job of the grid
       | is to adapt to consumer needs. They aren't perfect, but it makes
       | sense that they'll adapt.
       | 
       | I wouldn't count on consumers changing unless the grid does
       | something simple like set prices to incentivize charging
       | patterns.
       | 
       | I have a few electric companies near me. One just has flat rates.
       | The other has nighttime rates that are much lower. I expect all
       | power companies will end up like this. Or just grant low prices
       | for "smart chargers" that auto charge based on when there's
       | excess capacity.
       | 
       | These types of articles seem funny to me as a form of "I haven't
       | eaten in the past 8 hours, if this trend continues I will starve
       | to death in two days."
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | Indeed. I have talked to multiple utility representatives from
         | Florida all the way up to Illinois, and they are all aware of
         | the upgrades that are going to be necessary to support full
         | electrification. Not just vehicles, but everything (cooking,
         | hvac, etc). ComEd in Illinois even mentions it on billboard
         | advertising they have in their market ("Electrification is
         | coming. We'll be ready.").
         | 
         | https://www.icc.illinois.gov/docket/P2022-0432/documents/325...
         | 
         | https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-biz-comed-seeks-m...
        
         | AdrianB1 wrote:
         | If you consider what is the cost of "adapting" I bet your
         | discourse would change. EVs have massive consumption, way
         | bigger than lights, computers and AC/heating combined. In my
         | part of the world (Eastern Europe) the usual power consumed by
         | a home is 0.5 to 2kW, with short time spikes to 3-4kW. An EV
         | can easily go 12KW, that requires a very expensive upgrade in
         | capacity and load balancing of the grid to accept locally (in a
         | city block) hundreds of cars randomly connecting with huge
         | surges. You need some kind of interface and protocol to
         | coordinate car charging per micro-grid.
        
           | matthewdgreen wrote:
           | EVs can go to 12kw but don't need to. At that rate a Tesla
           | will add over 40 range-miles per hour, which means you'd
           | recharge the entire battery range in about eight hours. Some
           | people do drive 300 miles per day, but on average people
           | drive less than 30 miles (in the US) and maybe 40km/day in
           | Europe. When you work this out into a continuous power draw
           | over the course of a day, it's a few hundred watts per
           | vehicle. Still requires grid upgrades and some planning to
           | avoid spikes where everyone fast-charges at once, but it's
           | better to consider these smaller averages than assume
           | everyone is doing 12kw charging continuously.
        
         | hencq wrote:
         | Exactly. It's always weird when current infrastructure gets
         | brought up as an objection against new technology (EVs, clean
         | energy transition etc.). As if it's some unchangeable law of
         | nature. It makes me wonder if, during the industrial
         | revolution, people pointed out that trains could never take off
         | because there were no railroads for them.
        
           | peteradio wrote:
           | Yea but nobody was like "we are gonna kill all these horses
           | in 7 years".
        
           | prepend wrote:
           | I think people have a hard time visualizing change.
           | 
           | It's similar to the "what's the point of oil exploration on
           | today's prices since it takes 10 years to yield."
        
         | mfer wrote:
         | I think it's more complicated than it seems. For example,
         | 
         | - electricity payments are highly regulated. I've seen places
         | where the electric company wants to raise rates to cover
         | investments in infra only to see the gov not allow it.
         | 
         | - there are laws that impact how they can upgrade the
         | infrastructure and limit the abilities of the electric
         | companies
         | 
         | These are legislative issues that need to be dealt with by non-
         | experts. Articles like this can help with those processes
        
         | tsimionescu wrote:
         | > The other has nighttime rates that are much lower.
         | 
         | Shouldn't it be the other way around? As I understand, the goal
         | is to get vehicle owners to charge during the day, since
         | (domestic) consumption at night is already high, and since
         | solar only helps then.
        
           | prepend wrote:
           | Usage is high during the way due to work and industry with a
           | peak around 8pm.
           | 
           | Electricity usage midnight-5am is very low. And rates are
           | lowered even further as many power plants produce at a
           | uniform rate, regardless of time of day. Things like hydro,
           | nuclear, tidal, and wind.
        
           | ivalm wrote:
           | Peak utilisation is ~9 pm, best to charge is probably 10 am
           | to 4 pm.
           | 
           | https://www.caiso.com/TodaysOutlook/Pages/default.aspx
        
           | oakesm9 wrote:
           | Currently in the UK energy prices are lowest at night when
           | usage is lowest. Night being after most people are in bed and
           | before they wake up. You're correct that when solar makes up
           | a larger propotion of the energy created, it might change
           | that, but that doesn't change the idea of encouaging people
           | to charge when energy is most abundant/cheapest.
           | 
           | There are already companies doing this in the UK such as
           | Octopus with their Agile tarrif[0]. the unit price you pay
           | changes every 30 minutes based on the wholesale price at the
           | time. It's capped at 100p/kwh, which is 3x the average flat
           | rate people use in the UK, but on the flip side it can go
           | below 0p and at those points you actually get paid for using
           | electicity. In those cases you're acting as a load balancer
           | when there's just too much energy in the network. You can see
           | a graph of the past prices here[1].
           | 
           | Octopus also has a pretty good API and hooks in IFTTT so you
           | can set up automations for yourself. You could set your car
           | or home bettery when the price is under a certain price. This
           | could also just be built into the charge in the future and
           | there's no reason why it couldn't be a standard between
           | energy providers too.
           | 
           | [0] https://octopus.energy/agile/ [1]
           | https://dashboards.energy-stats.uk/d/5cZqqmf4z/user-
           | dashboar...
        
       | bevenhall wrote:
       | Fucktards assuming they're the only ones on the planet.
        
       | traveler01 wrote:
       | Build more nuclear plants and a better grid...
        
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