[HN Gopher] Big oil helped shape Stanford's latest climate-resea...
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       Big oil helped shape Stanford's latest climate-research focus
        
       Author : mooreds
       Score  : 174 points
       Date   : 2023-05-05 14:14 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.chronicle.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.chronicle.com)
        
       | bell-cot wrote:
       | Ever-growing armies of ever-better-paid administrators aren't
       | going to magically pay for themselves. And a university won't be
       | atop America's merciless academic pecking order for long if it's
       | burdened with scruples about funding sources.
        
         | warent wrote:
         | This comment is vague but it sounds like you're downplaying the
         | seriousness of funding sources.
         | 
         | This isn't a paranoid conspiracy or dramatic judgement.
         | Companies really do pay for particular research results that
         | benefit them. This has been going on at least since gasoline
         | had lead in it.
        
           | burnished wrote:
           | I think you misread them
        
           | cultofmetatron wrote:
           | the bigger issue you overlooked is the constant growth of
           | bureaucratic overhead sucking up the watershed of resources
           | and leaving only a trickle for the people actually putting
           | together the curriculum, teaching and researching.
           | 
           | The administrators are useful to a point but they vastly
           | overstate their importance and erode everything they touch
           | overtime like a malignant cancer in a lot of organizations.
        
             | sharemywin wrote:
             | "lot of organizations" your being generous.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | htag wrote:
           | I think you might be misunderstanding the amount of distrust
           | placed in the root comment. He's claiming the more
           | prestigious a University is, the more likely they are to take
           | unethical funding because increased funding leads to more
           | prestige. It's an attack on the integrity of modern science
           | as practiced by academia, not on a subset of studies.
        
             | runarberg wrote:
             | I kind of think the status of US schools is not very well
             | known, or at least not consistently known:
             | 
             | To summarize the situation. US education institutes are
             | laying off hundreds of teachers, cancelling courses,
             | cutting services, etc. across the board. If a teacher is
             | hired, it is most likely for part-time, on lower wages,
             | with fewer benefits. If a teacher is guaranteed tenure
             | after x many years, chances are they will be laid off, and
             | their programs cancelled before this happens. At the
             | primary level, schools are being aggressively merged, and
             | sometimes even closed, to save money for the school
             | district.
             | 
             | At the same time administrators in said schools are
             | ballooning, more administrators are being hired, and their
             | pay keeps going up (while other staff pay is stagnant). If
             | there is money being allocated to the schools, it most
             | likely goes into administration, not education.
             | Administration has also become a political gig.
             | Administrators move between school systems, get higher and
             | higher positions, fill out their resumes, and gain prestige
             | (all the while being payed more and more). What they
             | actually do, is anybodies guess, most of the time they are
             | simply in the way of teacher making actual changes which
             | would benefit students. A typical scenario is a new higher
             | administrator comes in, wants to look important and decides
             | to create more administrator position and hire a security
             | contractor to impose a security theater on campus.
             | 
             | I guess this this what your grand-parent was talking about.
             | And how it comes to no-ones surprise when funding for this
             | ballooning administration costs come from the same industry
             | which is killing us all and our climate.
        
               | geodel wrote:
               | > US education institutes are laying off hundreds of
               | teachers, cancelling courses, cutting services, etc
               | 
               | This also does not make much sense when one sees this
               | humongous growth in new courses, departments, degrees and
               | academic positions in first place over last few decades.
               | So many universities did not become 5 star resorts by
               | just keeping strictly educational services.
        
               | runarberg wrote:
               | I'm sure there is data to be found, and I'm actually
               | curious about it my self. I don't know where to begin
               | looking for it though. But I'm open to be proven wrong.
               | 
               | To be clear, I'm talking about the education system as a
               | whole, not just prestige universities, but also community
               | collages as well high schools and primary schools.
               | Prestige universities like Stanford will always find
               | funding to do what they want (e.g. from fossil fuel
               | companies) this includes ballooning administrators
               | playing the CV game, as well as keeping existing courses
               | open while even opening new courses. Community collages
               | and poorer school districts cannot afford to do all, and
               | --it is my experience--they are way more likely to pick
               | funding their administrators at the cost of education.
        
               | geodel wrote:
               | I get your point. The way I see this growth of admins is
               | side effect of _giving what people wanted_ which is
               | "world-class amenities, world class education, more
               | nutrition options, more security, more healthcare, more
               | activities, more courses, more entertainment options,
               | more electives, more everything" . Individually every
               | single item looks eminently reasonable and in aggregate
               | it can give reasonable cover to universities to have
               | admins to support all of this.
        
               | runarberg wrote:
               | I don't know if you have any experience in this, but in
               | community collages in my area students and faculty alike
               | are raising protests and threatening strikes because they
               | are precisely not getting what they want, which is for
               | their courses to stay open and for their teachers to
               | remain on staff. It is my guess that the only people
               | getting what they want with the ballooning admins are the
               | bosses (i.e. admins them selves; and stakeholders in the
               | educational industry who get to sell their stuff to
               | schools, e.g. security firms).
        
               | anonymouskimmer wrote:
               | An adjunct would teach more courses at a lower pay than a
               | tenured faculty member.
        
           | bell-cot wrote:
           | What's the equivalent of "/s" for bitter cynicism?
        
             | thfuran wrote:
             | You don't have to write anything, you just down a shot of
             | the cheapest whiskey you can find.
        
         | lisasays wrote:
         | As cynical as we can count on these people to be - they're also
         | smart enough to recognize that continually whoring themselves
         | out to the highest bidder can, apart from undermining
         | Stanford's integrity (which they obviously don't care about),
         | also be detrimental to their bottom line in the longer run.
         | 
         | In fact this seems to be the only way they eventually learn:
         | 
         |  _In response, more than 800 people affiliated with the
         | university have signed a letter calling for a funding ban, and
         | some alumni say they won't donate to their alma mater until it
         | happens._
         | 
         | https://stanforddaily.com/2022/11/30/from-the-community-we-r...
        
           | polishdude20 wrote:
           | I find the notion donating to your alma mater kind of odd.
           | You don't donate money to the local McDonald's that made a
           | burger for you do you? I mean, you could but that's not
           | something that's regularly done.
           | 
           | The service was provided and paid for and now there's some
           | expectation to give more money after the fact?
        
             | chrisbrandow wrote:
             | In reality people also build relationships and emotional
             | attachments. It's also somewhat more mission driven, via
             | research, medical centers, etc.
             | 
             | Those are reasons, whether they're good or not depends on
             | perspective.
        
             | ericd wrote:
             | I don't know how representative this is, but when I talked
             | to one of my school's donation people, it sounded like most
             | people don't donate to the unrestricted fund, which the
             | school can do whatever with it's usually
             | earmarked/restricted for a specific use, like a building, a
             | specific department, whatever. The school _really really_
             | wants unrestricted funds.
             | 
             | Personally, I donate to my old dorm's social/making stuff
             | fund, the students get way more out of those dollars a lot
             | further than I do, and I always appreciated that we had
             | that budget.
        
             | ebiester wrote:
             | The mission of the university, from the university's
             | perspective, is to advance the world's fundamental
             | knowledge first and teach students second. (Some may see
             | this as 1a and 1b, mind you, and smaller liberal arts
             | colleges and colleges that do not award doctoral degrees
             | will reduce the fundamental knowledge mission.)
             | 
             | The students, in large part, pay for the educational piece
             | (alongside funding) but significant funding is needed for
             | advancing the world's knowledge.
        
       | rayiner wrote:
       | Opposing nuclear was the first catastrophic mistake
       | environmentalists made, causing them to be a net negative overall
       | in terms of climate change. Opposing carbon capture will be the
       | next (and possibly last) one.
       | 
       | If you think climate change is a serious problem, then you need
       | to put aside your moral beliefs and think like an engineer about
       | solutions. There is no math that allows you to
       | conserve/renewables your way to 2C while accommodating the
       | expected growth in living standards in India, China, and Africa.
       | And any strategy that doesn't allow people in the developing
       | world to dramatically increase their standard of living is a non-
       | starter that will create billions of enemies for the
       | environmental movement. India recently committed to go carbon
       | neutral by 2070:
       | https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/developing-countries-....
       | That's too late, and they won't meet that anyway. The developed
       | world needs to go carbon negative as fast as possible.
        
         | pengod wrote:
         | "Carbon capture research" has been an excuse to divert funding
         | away from renewables for 20+ years. It's hardly made a dent in
         | emissions and it's unlikely to change any time soon.
        
         | fallingfrog wrote:
         | Let me play devils advocate though. Right now nuclear provides
         | 10% of the world's power. Now since it was first deployed in
         | the 70's there have been at least 3 major accidents I can think
         | of: Fukushima, Chernobyl, and 3 mile island. So that's one
         | every 15 years, roughly.
         | 
         | The naive math behind that suggests that if we were to increase
         | the number of power plants by a factor of 10 to supply all the
         | world's power, we should expect the rate of accidents to
         | increase proportionally. So that's a Fukushima somewhere in the
         | world every 1.5 years or 18 months. And a bad one of those
         | accidents could spread radiation across an entire continent.
         | 
         | Changes the risk/reward calculation, doesn't it?
        
           | CamperBob2 wrote:
           | 3 Mile Island: No one died, nothing of any significance
           | happened. Clickbait from an era before clickbait was a thing.
           | 
           | Chernobyl: Irresponsible operation of obsolete, inherently-
           | hazardous Soviet-era design. Not something that can ever
           | happen again if some relatively-simple lessons are followed.
           | 
           | Fukushima: Irresponsible maintenance of plant operating well
           | beyond its intended lifespan, which was irresponsibly
           | constructed in a tsunami-prone seismic zone. This type of
           | accident can and probably will happen again, precisely
           | _because_ of moratoriums on new plant construction.
           | 
           | One risk you didn't list but probably should have is reckless
           | military attacks waged against installations such as
           | Zaporizhzhia in Ukraine. It's hard to safeguard a nuclear
           | plant against a barbarian invasion. It may make sense to
           | operate such plants under UN auspices, or otherwise guarantee
           | their safety through multinational treaties with real
           | enforcement behind them.
        
             | thehappypm wrote:
             | If Japan can't do it, responsibly, why should we expect any
             | other country to?
        
           | machina_ex_deus wrote:
           | Now do the same calculation for passenger aviation.
           | 
           | That's not how disasters work. They aren't independent
           | variables, when they happen, you learn and change the way
           | things work to prevent them from happening again.
        
           | majormajor wrote:
           | The odds definitely aren't that straightforward.
           | 
           | Experiments and development in the 1950s. First commercial
           | plant in 58.
           | 
           | Further growth in 60s and 70s. Including deadly accidents
           | like https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SL-1 in 1961 - protests
           | grew in 60s and 70s too.
           | 
           | Three Mile Island 1979.
           | 
           | Chernobyl 1986.
           | 
           | Fukushima 2011.
           | 
           | That 25-year gap between Chernobyl and Fukushima - and the
           | extraordinary circumstances causing Fukushima vs the previous
           | incidents - suggests that safety improved A LOT over the
           | 60-odd years between 1958 and now.
        
             | fallingfrog wrote:
             | True, it has. But, the failure rate is not zero. And more
             | plants mean they will happen more often. I'm just pointing
             | out that it's rational to worry about a small probability
             | high consequence disaster.
             | 
             | Nuclear fission is a reaction with a positive feedback
             | loop, making it naturally unstable, and requires some
             | mechanism to create a negative feedback of greater
             | magnitude to make it stable. And that requires some kind of
             | active machinery to function properly. If that machinery
             | fails, then the feedback loop becomes positive again.
             | Machines can always fail, so I doubt that fission can ever
             | be made completely safe.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | inpdx wrote:
         | Carbon capture is cleaning up dog shit in the kitchen with a
         | toothpick instead of training it to go outside.
        
           | philipkglass wrote:
           | The dog has been dirtying the kitchen floor for long enough
           | already that we're also going to need that toothpick.
           | 
           | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change AR6 fact sheet on
           | carbon dioxide removal:
           | 
           | "Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) refers to technologies,
           | practices, and approaches that remove and durably store
           | carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. CDR is required to
           | achieve global and national targets of net zero CO2 and
           | greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. CDR cannot substitute for
           | immediate and deep emissions reductions, but it is part of
           | all modelled scenarios that limit global warming to 2deg or
           | lower by 2100."
           | 
           | https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/downloads/outreach/IPCC_A.
           | ..
        
             | OrvalWintermute wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
               | Jalad wrote:
               | https://xkcd.com/1732/
        
               | OrvalWintermute wrote:
               | Nice, starting the timeline when the end of the Ice Age
               | starts, and half the globe is under Glaciers, CO2 levels
               | are super low, as are temperatures and sea levels are low
               | too.
               | 
               | SMH.
        
         | jackmott wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | lost_tourist wrote:
         | When someone says they're "green" but hard-core antinuclear I
         | just stop listening after that. They have done almost zero
         | research on the topic and have 99% likely just decided because
         | someone told them it was bad. Nuclear is our only viable path
         | if we plan on keeping a dependable power grid. Battery tech is
         | not currently up to par with what we need to make wind and
         | solar 100% solutions. We need at least a 10X increase in
         | storage density and longevity for that. They should absolutely
         | be part of the mix though as they're cheaper than nuclear per
         | kW
        
           | thehappypm wrote:
           | I think nuclear, today, is a hardcore bad idea. Nuclear is
           | showing no tangible signs of getting cheaper, and renewable
           | and battery prices continue to fall.
        
         | ebiester wrote:
         | I don't know of any environmentalists against the research.
         | Most I've talked with are skeptical that this is viable given
         | current technology and believe that we need to act as if this
         | doesn't exist, but that's different than opposing the research.
         | 
         | If there is some sort of breakthrough, then that's fantastic!
         | 
         | I think there are other geoengineering techniques that
         | environmentalists are against such as seeding with sulphur
         | dioxide or trying to create a shade preventing sun rays from
         | reaching earth, but the argument against carbon capture is only
         | that it doesn't yet exist.
        
         | mjhay wrote:
         | Guess what industry was big into funding anti-nuclear groups?
        
           | runarberg wrote:
           | There was a recent pro-nuclear article posted here on HN
           | which was authored by a fossil fuel lobbyist
           | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35658318). I know you
           | are fishing for the opposite response, but it seems very
           | likely at this point that the fossil fuel industry is funding
           | pro-nuclear propaganda.
        
             | karmakurtisaani wrote:
             | I wouldn't put it past them that they want to increase the
             | wedge between nuclear and renewables as much as possible.
             | For them it's easy to be pro nuclear, as it's expensive and
             | slow to build thanks to heavy regulatilon. While we argue
             | nuclear vs. solar and wind, they can sit back and keep
             | profiting from fossile fuels.
             | 
             | Edit: just read the article a bit. It's just as I thought.
             | "Only nuclear can save us" bullshit, whereas a genuine
             | writer would have written "Only a combination of green
             | energy sources can save us". FF industry doing their
             | thing..
        
         | SecretDreams wrote:
         | Listen man, it's simple. White people get nice qol, everyone
         | else does not. That + wind energy is how we solve global
         | warming.
         | 
         | Big /s.
         | 
         | I 100% agree with you.
        
         | mattwest wrote:
         | This is the most reasonable take. For some reason people in the
         | West tend to ignore that 80% of the world is on the lower part
         | of the exponential slope of progress, income, and demand for
         | fossil fuel derived goods - and they are running up that slope
         | at breakneck speed as a result of technological innovation.
         | 
         | Is the other 20% going to look down from our place of wealth
         | and abundance - built on fossil fuels and countless
         | externalities - and tell them that they have to achieve wealth
         | and abundance through other means? It's ridiculous.
         | 
         | Sorry Sub-Saharan African, we have found that meat consumption
         | is bad and therefore you can't do what we did, even though
         | increased demand is a natural tendency as incomes rise.
         | 
         | All that cheap and dirty energy we used to make our
         | infrastructure and grow GDP? You can't do it that way either.
         | We made a big oopsie and have decided you have to do it through
         | renewables and sustainable practices only.
         | 
         | By the way, are you interested in financing for this solar
         | array? It's ok if you don't have the cash on hand, we'll just
         | hold your highest quality farm-land as collateral.
         | 
         | We have to find ways to sequester. And we have to find ways to
         | live in a warmer climate. It's the most probable outcome.
        
           | olddustytrail wrote:
           | And who exactly are going to be paying for these ruinously
           | expensive nuclear power stations for the poorer countries? Is
           | it you and rayiner? Or perhaps you want your government to
           | fund it through increased taxes on you?
           | 
           | I'm sure you wouldn't want the poor countries to pay for it
           | themselves.
        
             | rayiner wrote:
             | The point is that if everyone in the developed world had
             | built more nuclear in the 1960s like France did, we
             | wouldn't be in such a dire situation now.
             | 
             | France's CO2 emissions per capita are right around the
             | world average. That means the rest of the developed world
             | had done the same way as France half a century ago, we
             | would have room to bring the whole developing world up to
             | the same level as France while still being at the same
             | overall CO2 output as today. And we wouldn't have had all
             | that extra CO2 for 60 years, giving us much more runway for
             | the developed world to go to net zero while the developing
             | world continues to develop.
        
             | eldaisfish wrote:
             | Whenever this line of reasoning is brought up, i ask one
             | question - what is the cost of climate change? Who will
             | bear that cost and who will deal with the effects?
             | 
             | A poor country deriving energy from a nuclear power plant
             | means that carbon isn't being emitted for energy production
             | over the lifetime of that nuclear plant.
             | 
             | Despite all the hype, no renewable technology has been able
             | to supply a growing electrical demand anywhere in the
             | world. Every example is small, isolated or limited in time.
             | Renewables will eventually get there but there are
             | countless other things we must solve before that day comes.
             | 
             | Meanwhile, the argument of cost is trotted out without ever
             | considering the full impacts of climate change on the flip
             | side.
        
               | olddustytrail wrote:
               | Complete failure to answer the question of who is paying
               | for the nuclear power plant.
        
             | mattwest wrote:
             | Both mine and rayiner's commentary wasn't focused only on
             | nuclear, but rather the harebrained and unrealistic
             | doomscape narrative coming out of the West. When did it
             | become so unpopular to point out what is most likely to
             | happen? Because if we're placing bets, I'm gonna put my
             | money on the developing nations not giving a flying F about
             | emissions. Therefore, we need to think like realists and
             | instead of idealists.
        
               | olddustytrail wrote:
               | So you want your government to subsidize nuclear energy
               | in other countries?
        
             | lost_tourist wrote:
             | IF we don't choose to build the expensive ones we'll never
             | learn how to make cheaper ones, it is the cycle of every
             | technology. Nuke development in the West has been stymied
             | for generations by pearl clutchers.
        
             | linhns wrote:
             | > ruinously expensive You just disqualified yourself from
             | any argument there. Nuclear power is the cheapest and most
             | efficient form that we have ever found. Yes, the upfront
             | cost may be huge but loans can help with that
        
               | olddustytrail wrote:
               | You really have no idea of costs. Nuclear is by far the
               | most expensive. Well, ok, gas became equally expensive
               | with the Ukraine war but it had to quadruple in price to
               | get there.
        
               | thehappypm wrote:
               | If you ignore all the costs, yes, the costs are low.
        
           | 7speter wrote:
           | I don't know if all you wrote about is going to be a problem
           | in the way you see it. The developing world has
           | jumped/skipped some of the development the west/rich nations
           | experienced and just adapted the latest technology.
           | 
           | A good example of this is communication technology. In
           | wealthy nations, there was all of this wired infrastructure
           | put in place since the advent of the telegraph. In developing
           | nations, they just skipped all of that and most people have
           | cellphones. Maybe not iphones or even smartphones, but the
           | banks they used developed robust texting protocols, from what
           | I've read and heard about, where people could do banking
           | transactions from something like those old nokia dumbphones.
           | 
           | A lot of these developing countries rely on China, maybe to
           | the wests collective chagrin, and China has invested heavily
           | in rail infrastructure in a lot of these countries, and,
           | Chinese auto manufacturers are already producing tons of
           | electric vehicles. Guess whose car companies are building
           | auto factories in a lot of the developing world? And though
           | they may not meet the safety and quality standards of wealthy
           | countries, people in developing countries are just happy to
           | get places quicker than by foot. I may not have listed
           | everything that emits greenhouse gases and a suitable
           | replacement but normalizing mass transit (I forgot to mention
           | the electric buses I've read these developing countries are
           | either ordering from china or building at home in Chinese
           | factories), but these two... industries make up a significant
           | chunk of problematic emissions.
           | 
           | What I think we may see in the west is active resistance to
           | adapting new energy and normalizing greener behavior because
           | of things like American exceptionalism. Also, these
           | technologies are expensive to buy for many people even in the
           | west (right, not most people here on hackernews), and its
           | going to be prohibitively expensive for people in old housing
           | stock to upgrade their property and municipalities to upgrade
           | infrastructure. Tax rebates on $35,000 electric cars and heat
           | pumps aren't going to mean much to people relying on older
           | family members for a roof over their head and can't find
           | jobs, especially if this whole ai thing takes off. There's
           | also significant and continual pushback from an people who
           | seem determined to trash electric cars and such, and thats
           | exacerbated by corporations acting bad faith to maximize
           | profit (high efficiency appliances that barely make it
           | through their standard warranty terms and subscription based
           | car features come to mind.
           | 
           | So yeah, I think the developing world might be fine but its
           | the wealthy nations who are going to screw themselves (and
           | because of the US' voracious consumption if everything), and
           | maybe the rest of the world regardless of what steps the
           | developing world takes.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | the88doctor wrote:
       | "Helped shape" != "Dictated". It makes perfect sense to have
       | industry members be a part of discussions about regulations and
       | problems related to their industry. Industry members shouldn't be
       | able to dictate the outcomes of those discussions, but they
       | should certainly be able to participate in them.
        
         | marricks wrote:
         | I don't think is one of those cases where it's helpful to have
         | everyone "have a seat at the table."
         | 
         | The oil industry would make more money than anyone else at that
         | table and have outsized influence.
         | 
         | They also have a history of misleading the public and outright
         | lying about climate change.
        
       | OrvalWintermute wrote:
       | I think Big Oil is less Big Oil than it really is Big Energy.
       | 
       | Big Energy has the massive capital to deploy for green energy
       | solutions that are viable and will provide a renewable path
       | forward off of more polluting or non-renewable sources. Big
       | Energy's product of choice is mainly petroleum derived currently.
       | Due to sourcing and limitations though, this is a mostly finite
       | resource that they would love to replace for more profit.
       | 
       | Profit will drive them to new sources. When you see Big Energy
       | actually moving to these new sources at the mega-industrial scale
       | and not PoCs, prototypes, but deploying tens of billions of
       | dollars, is when the true revolution will happen.
       | 
       | If they are funding Stanford and other parts of Academia, then
       | that is a good thing.
        
       | boringg wrote:
       | Stanford really taking a reputational hit these days. That's some
       | shady business that.
        
         | foobiekr wrote:
         | Maybe Stanford was never really what their very active
         | reputation management facility was pushing the last few
         | facades? The school basically rode the Silicon Valley wave.
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | Nah. Funding research to show your business isn't a problem is
         | shady. Funding research to solve the problem could be a good
         | thing, depending what the find.
        
           | fauxpause_ wrote:
           | Trusting the results is basically impossible now though. Even
           | if they're solution focused, you don't know if they were
           | adjusted in scale.
        
       | civilized wrote:
       | I'm not sure how mad to be about this. Honestly, at the moment I
       | kinda think it's a good thing on balance.
       | 
       | I believe climate change is a huge, urgent concern. And I think
       | it would be hugely helpful to have carbon removal technology in
       | our risk mitigation portfolio. If fossil fuel companies, out of
       | self-interest, want to support a legitimate research institution
       | doing that, I'm not sure I should complain.
       | 
       | If Stanford starts spouting propaganda that we can procrastinate
       | on getting off of fossil fuels because their carbon removal
       | technology will solve everything, I will definitely condemn them
       | mercilessly. I assume the fossil fuel companies are already
       | spouting such propaganda or funding someone to do so, since
       | they've been spouting anti-climate risk mitigation propaganda for
       | decades, and I am already condemning them mercilessly for that
       | anyway.
       | 
       | I actually think carbon removal could spur renewables development
       | because in theory it's a flexible sink for spare power. Set up a
       | CO2 removal station in the desert, power it with a few square
       | miles of solar panels, and run it when the sun shines. We could
       | get a lot of demand for solar panels out of this, and that will
       | encourage the further development of commercial scaling up. And
       | the more renewables scale up, the more I think fossil fuels will
       | be squeezed out of existence because they won't be able to
       | compete on price.
       | 
       | EDIT: I am open to the possibility that this is completely
       | unrealistic and is just another distraction from the fossil fuel
       | industry. But the arguments need to be made on technical grounds
       | by knowledgeable people. Here is an interview by an expert making
       | that argument: https://www.protocol.com/climate/carbon-dioxide-
       | removal-cost...
       | 
       | > Yet ambition and momentum may not be enough to reach that
       | milestone, according to Howard Herzog, a senior research engineer
       | with MIT's Energy Initiative. He's been studying carbon capture
       | for over 30 years (even writing a book about it in 2018) and is
       | more skeptical given the capital costs to build CDR plants and
       | the enormous amount of energy they need to run. He sat down with
       | Protocol to talk about why he thinks $100 per ton is "pure
       | fantasy."
       | 
       | By the way, I really liked this quote, and I wish all the "we
       | just need to"-ers would read it:
       | 
       | > When people think things are too easy, they won't address the
       | hard decisions, even though those hard decisions may end up with
       | a better solution. At this point, I don't know if liming the
       | ocean is a great idea or not, but it has a lot of potential, and
       | we have to look at things like that if we want to get to net
       | zero. And people say capturing carbon dioxide from the air for
       | $100 per ton will get us to net zero. But if it's a fantasy, it's
       | not going to get us there.
        
         | myrmidon wrote:
         | I'm highly sceptical regarding ALL CO2 removal schemes that
         | don't operate directly at a CO2 source, because I see
         | absolutely NO WAY how they could ever be made cost effective:
         | 
         | CO2 concentration in air is less than 1g/m^3, meaning that you
         | would have to pump like 10000 m^3 of air through your apparatus
         | just to remove the CO2 from a single car travelling ~100km.
         | 
         | And this assumes 100% extraction efficiency which is not
         | realistic at all.
         | 
         | So any climate plan that relies on large-scale CO2 removal from
         | atmospheric air is probably a complete SCAM.
         | 
         | Also compare the cost difference between reducing emissions at
         | the source by electrifying a vehicle with the effort required
         | of extracting the CO2 from the air-- it is COMPLETELY obvious
         | to me that even spending a dollar on CO2 removal is absolute
         | LUNACY until all the cheap and easy options of reducing
         | emissions have been exhausted.
        
           | andrewmutz wrote:
           | > So any climate plan that relies on large-scale CO2 removal
           | from atmospheric air is probably a complete SCAM.
           | 
           | The "scam" language is interesting to me.
           | 
           | I often run into people who seem to think that advocates of
           | carbon capture technology are somehow being intellectually
           | dishonest and are not serious about climate change.
           | 
           | In fact I think there are a lot of people who are interested
           | in carbon capture tech who just keep an open mind about it.
           | Not all scientific advances are obvious early on.
           | 
           | I think we should avoid assuming that people who are
           | promoting carbon capture research are speaking in bad faith.
           | There are lots of people who genuinely believe the tech may
           | mature to a point it is useful to the fight against climate
           | change.
           | 
           | Just because the fossil fuel industry promotes it doesnt mean
           | that everyone who promotes it is a shill for the fossil fuel
           | industry.
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | Trees don't pump the air through their leaves, they let CO2
           | diffuse and blow in the wind.
        
             | oh_sigh wrote:
             | Sure, but the amount of CO2 absorbed by a tree is measured
             | in grams per day, which isn't really enough to even
             | realistically offset the devices own carbon footprint, let
             | alone start tackling other co2 sources.
        
           | zamfi wrote:
           | Look, I think direct air capture (DAC) is as much "not the
           | solution" as the next guy, but this kind of black-and-white
           | thinking has no place in climate change mitigation.
           | 
           | Right now, DAC costs about $250-500/ton. The average
           | passenger vehicle in the US emits 4.6 tons of CO2/year. You
           | say it's not cost-effective but you could literally charge
           | every passenger vehicle user in the US $1-2000/year and use
           | it for capture and eliminate the single largest source. That
           | is the same order of magnitude as vehicle registration fees
           | (though of course you'd want to make such a tax progressive,
           | etc.), at least in California.
           | 
           | More importantly, DAC provides a major price signal for the
           | cost of carbon emissions: if it costs $250/ton to get CO2 out
           | of the atmosphere, it starts to make more sense to charge
           | emitters $250/ton in advance to remove it -- and if we
           | implemented such a system, the market would likely respond
           | very quickly with rapid reductions in carbon emissions. Oil
           | and gas companies think it's the solution? Great, they can
           | pay $250/ton for it.
           | 
           | Instead we're selling everyone individual shame about what
           | are really societal decisions, telling them not to drive as
           | much, be too cold/hot at home, and eat less beef -- while
           | letting producers largely off the hook. That's the real
           | lunacy here.
        
             | chinchilla2020 wrote:
             | > this kind of black-and-white thinking has no place in
             | climate change mitigation.
             | 
             | This is not black-and-white thinking. He is pointing out
             | that infeasible miracle cures are not the solution.
             | 
             | We need to focus on realistic possibilities, not Elon-Musk
             | jesustech.
        
               | zamfi wrote:
               | No one thinks infeasible miracle cures are the solution,
               | so he's doing much more than "pointing that out": he's
               | making an argument about the infeasibility of carbon
               | capture.
               | 
               | In particular, he's saying it's impossible to capture
               | enough carbon at scale in a cost-effective manner, so
               | therefore we should not even be looking at this option
               | until we've exhausted the alternatives. But he's wrong:
               | it's not impossible, it's merely expensive, and anyway we
               | should be _pursuing all possible remedies in parallel_ ,
               | not dismissing something as infeasible because someone's
               | armchair analysis makes it look like a scam to them.
               | 
               | What we need are people trying both likely and unlikely
               | solutions, not knee-jerk gatekeeping from randoms on the
               | internet.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | > you could literally charge every passenger vehicle user
             | in the US $1-2000/year
             | 
             | Politically (and practically) infeasible. Most likely it
             | would be done as a fuel tax, but it would need to be in the
             | ballpark of $3/gallon which would be suicide for the
             | politicans who impose it and unaffordable to many of the
             | people who would be paying for it. A tax that can't be paid
             | can't fund anything.
        
               | zamfi wrote:
               | Of course a literal tax is politically infeasible, not
               | least because we're not at all serious about actually
               | internalizing the currently-external cost of carbon.
               | 
               | But it's a mistake to consider a tax as _something we can
               | 't afford_ because we are already incurring this tax bill
               | by emitting the carbon in the first place. Whether we pay
               | now to reduce the carbon or later to reduce the carbon
               | and mitigate impacts, we will all be paying.
               | 
               | And I agree: imposing this tax today as a flat "usage"
               | tax would be political suicide, but we have many levers
               | that are far more equitable -- tax-and-dividend programs
               | in particular have a lot of history.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | hutzlibu wrote:
         | "It would be hugely helpful to have carbon removal technology
         | in our climate change portfolio"
         | 
         | Planting trees and establishing more forests is a already
         | working technology with lots of other nice side effects, while
         | I see the "artificial carbon removal" tech often just used as a
         | excuse to not do anything now at all and wait for the magic
         | game changer.
         | 
         | "Set up a CO2 removal station in the desert, power it with a
         | few square miles of solar panels, and run it when the sun
         | shines."
         | 
         | And I totally like anything related to this, but as long as we
         | build new coal plants, building this would be just symbolic.
         | 
         | So first I would use the desert solar power for actually
         | powering the grid, removing the need for coal.
        
           | civilized wrote:
           | Regarding the trees, I hope they research that claim!
           | 
           | Regarding the concept that it's a distraction, I think that's
           | folk behavioral psychology with an unhealthy dash of
           | moralism. It needs to be substantiated with evidence before I
           | take it seriously. We are talking about a real carbon
           | mitigation research avenue that could have real benefits.
        
             | hutzlibu wrote:
             | You mean you want quotes of people, who say climate change
             | is not so bad, because we (will) have co2 removal tech?
        
               | civilized wrote:
               | I want evidence that there are people who wave away
               | climate change because of proposed future CO2 removal
               | tech, who would _not_ wave away climate change if we
               | stopped all research on CO2 removal tech.
               | 
               | I'm not trying to impose an impossible standard here. If
               | you can show examples of something like this happening in
               | contexts other than climate change, I'm open to that.
               | What I don't accept is mere folk behavioral psychology
               | speculation driving what an entire civilization does to
               | mitigate a massive risk.
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | You really have not heard those people? Lucky you.
               | Anecdotically there are plenty of them, and official
               | sources (like politicians) are of course more careful in
               | their wording, but the sentiment is exactly this.
               | 
               | "No real need to change the gasoline cars, as we will
               | have CO2 removal."
               | 
               | I can probably dig up some ugly quotes, if you like. But
               | those are not really my circles so I have nothing at
               | hand.
               | 
               | (I should probably add, that I am from germany and loud
               | cars and the making of them are important here. But I
               | heard the same from US politicians)
               | 
               | "What I don't accept is mere folk behavioral psychology
               | speculation driving what an entire civilization does to
               | mitigate a massive risk. "
               | 
               | Well, how exactly could technical CO2 removal ever work?
               | 
               | We burn stuff for energy and then need even more energy
               | to recapture the side products?
               | 
               | How would this be powered?
               | 
               | By the sun?
               | 
               | Solar panels still needs to be manufactured and deployed.
               | 
               | So if we would have all energy generation by regenerative
               | sources AND we have overcapacity - then we could also
               | extract some of the old released CO2, true, but have you
               | done some calculations, how much area you would need, to
               | power a significant amount of CO2 removal?
               | 
               | Lot's of it.
               | 
               | Forests on the other hand grow and expand by themself,
               | once established and undisturbed, that's the beauty of
               | them. They also help stabilizing local climate. And the
               | real problem of climate change for lots of people will be
               | desertification. So more Forests reduce CO2 AND provide
               | actual better living conditions for the people affected.
               | A lone symbolic CO2 removal on the other hand is really
               | limited in its usefulness, while the coal plants are
               | burning happily.
        
               | civilized wrote:
               | All I'm saying is that the technical debate between these
               | different methodologies is what matters. If we agree on
               | that, I have no dispute with you. I don't know what
               | carbon capture method is best or how big of an impact
               | carbon capture can have. I would like to see the
               | research, which is what the article is about.
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | "I would like to see the research, which is what the
               | article is about."
               | 
               | The article is about how big oil changed Standford's
               | research focus. And their interest is simply to leave
               | everything as it is and stall any further oil
               | limitations, so they can profit, like they used to,
               | without having to fundamentally change.
               | 
               | But yes, they are totally free to fund research that is
               | in their interest and if they happen to find a magic
               | solution acceptable to society, I am thrilled. I am just
               | very sceptical that this is what will happen. I rather
               | suspect it will be symbolism used by willing populistic
               | politicians, to block uncomforthable legislation or stall
               | it completely.
               | 
               | I just see no technical ground for this to really work,
               | other than wishful thinking. And if the latter is the
               | base, then it won't work, no matter how millions you
               | spend on it.
        
               | shkkmo wrote:
               | Different areas have different power availability from
               | different sources at different times of the year. We have
               | limited capacity to move and store that energy.
               | 
               | If the price of re-extracting released carbon is baked
               | into into burning fossil fuels, then carbon capture will
               | only be viable in places where energy is cheap, such as
               | places with good conditions for solar, wind or hydro.
               | 
               | The economic viability of carbon capture is thus entirely
               | dependent on the quality of the regulatory framework
               | around carbon emissions. If we don't have that, then any
               | advances in carbon capture technology won't matter. If we
               | do have that, then giving the carbon capture industry a
               | bit of a headstart with research will make the necessary
               | overall emissions targets we need easier to reach.
               | 
               | So while carbon capture is indeed touted as an excuse to
               | avoid those regulations by opportunistic politicians,
               | those politicians would find some other excuse to oppose
               | those regulations. So don't let them lead you think that
               | carbon capture isn't an important part of the solution
               | that is being developed by people who care deeply and
               | climate change.
               | 
               | We've waited far to long already and simply can't afford
               | to ignore any part of the solution that can help reduce
               | total emissions faster.
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | "We've waited far to long already and simply can't afford
               | to ignore any part of the solution that can help reduce
               | total emissions faster. "
               | 
               | Totally agree. No dogmatic framework is helpful, that
               | opposes solutions out of principle. I hope I am not doing
               | that.
               | 
               | It is just, that ressources are limited.
               | 
               | Any solar, wind or water plant, that connects to the grid
               | is helping. Likely also every nuclear reactor.
               | 
               | But the carbon capture solution I see not really helping,
               | as long as coal plants are being build and are proposed
               | by the exact kind of people, who said before that it is
               | all not so bad and economy growth is always more
               | important.
               | 
               | " So don't let them lead you think that carbon capture
               | isn't an important part of the solution that is being
               | developed by people who care deeply and climate change."
               | 
               | With what I know, I sadly really don't see it as part of
               | the solution, but part of the distraction, part of the
               | problem.
               | 
               | In germany the car lobby recently achieved, that the ban
               | on new ICE cars in 2035 was in effect negated, because
               | cars with E-Fuels should obviously excempt. Except that
               | cars that can run with E-Fuels can also run with normal
               | fuels and E-Fuels make no sense economically, so they
               | already demanded for massive state subventioning of the
               | concept. Spend lots of energy to generate a bit of fuel
               | to continue the big roar of their loud engines. So all
               | just fake. And those are the exact same people who lobby
               | for the concept of carbon capture. Lot's of politicial
               | "activism" to effectivly change nothing, except on paper.
               | 
               | So to repeat myself, I am not against carbon sequestering
               | by principle.
               | 
               | I just think focussing on it _now_ is just distracting
               | from the real solutions needed now.
               | 
               | Once we stopped the last coal plant - then we can talk
               | about spending surplus energy to capture existing CO2.
               | Not before. And it is still a long way to get there.
        
           | myrmidon wrote:
           | Planting trees is not really viable to deal with CO2
           | emissions on any significant scale.
           | 
           | Assuming a tree absorbs around 20kg of CO2/year, you'd need
           | to plant 250 trees per year (!!) for every single passenger
           | vehicle (~5tons of CO2/year).
           | 
           | And the problem does not stop there-- these numbers only work
           | for the first 20 or so years of tree growth, and afterwards
           | you have to seal you trees (under high pressure to turn them
           | into hydrocarbons? :P) or plant even more trees to compensate
           | for older trees decomposing (releasing CO2).
        
             | peteradio wrote:
             | Kind of sounds amazing if we could pull it off (of course
             | we can't) but imagine a world where there is just too much
             | wood (woodworkers be salivating) and there are massive
             | jungles everywhere we could fit one.
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | "imagine a world where there is just too much wood
               | (woodworkers be salivating) and there are massive jungles
               | everywhere we could fit one."
               | 
               | That's how the world looked like, before humans chopped
               | or burned them down and let cattle, goats and sheep
               | prevented new forests from growing again.
               | 
               | Reforesting at least parts of that back, would capture
               | significant amounts of CO2. No matter that a old tree
               | composes at some point, because at the same time another
               | tree growing where the old one stood, will compensate
               | that.
        
               | peteradio wrote:
               | What regions of the world are we talking about? Northern
               | Africa? South America?
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | All of them?
               | 
               | Except the iciest colds in the north and most arid
               | deserts, forests used to be the norm.
               | 
               | edit: of course not every land was covered by forests,
               | prairie also existed natural, but forests were a lot more
               | common, than they are today.
        
               | peteradio wrote:
               | I guess I was unaware, I'd thought forests in North
               | America were more or less at par with the last few
               | millennia.
        
         | tasty_freeze wrote:
         | It has been demonstrated repeatedly that the source of funding
         | does implicitly bias research results.
         | 
         | But the bigger effect is the appearance of working on the
         | solution is often used to prevent real mitigation efforts that
         | are here and now, such as higher costs for CO2 emissions,
         | reforming the carbon trading scheme, and investing in moving to
         | more use of green electricity.
         | 
         | We spend on the order of $900B a year on the military. Imagine
         | if $100B a year, every year, was spent instead on beefing up
         | the power grid, investing in efficient long-haul power
         | distribution, investing even more in solar/wind/nukes. With
         | less need to strong arm the world to ensure access to oil, it
         | could pay for itself in less military intervention. Obviously,
         | there are many political reasons why even $1 reduction in the
         | military budget is difficult to accomplish, but that is only an
         | indication of how much the government is beholden to the
         | military/industrial complex.
        
           | rayiner wrote:
           | We don't need to strong arm the world to access oil, we are a
           | net exporter of oil. There's lots of bad things to say about
           | our foreign policy, but the idea that it's about oil should
           | have died with the Iraq War (where we spent trillions of
           | dollars but didn't get any oil).
        
             | phonescreen_man wrote:
             | You think the US bush and Bush senior administration would
             | of given a thought about Iraq if it wasn't an oil producing
             | resource?
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | I didn't back in 2003 when I was in the anti-war
               | minority. But seeing how many of those same people just
               | became democrats in the last 20 years, and are now
               | talking about how we need to stay in Afghanistan or
               | intervene in Ukraine, I was wrong. We never got any oil
               | from Iraq because it was never about the oil. It was
               | about remaking the world in America's image. We were in
               | Iraq for the same reason ISIS was in Syria. We are trying
               | to establish our version of the Caliphate, except with
               | liberal democracy and capitalism instead of Islam.
        
             | tasty_freeze wrote:
             | That is a very recent phenomenon. From 1958 until 2019 the
             | US imported more than it exported, including during the
             | Iraq War (both of them).
             | 
             | https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/us-energy-
             | facts/imports-...
             | 
             | That could flip at any moment based on the price of
             | imported oil vs the cost of domestic production. The US is
             | still very much "investing" in the military to ensure a
             | stable source of energy (as well as other national
             | interests).
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | The article is interesting but technically weak. If we focus on
       | the process of generating a stream of pure CO2 from the
       | atmosphere (where CO2 is at ~420 parts per million at present),
       | things become a bit more clear.
       | 
       | Note first that the global biosphere is capturing CO2 into
       | organic molecules at about 15 times the rate that fossil fuel
       | consumption dumps geologically stable carbon deposits into the
       | atmosphere. However, almost all of this biological carbon is
       | respired back into the atmosphere by microbes, fungi, insects and
       | animals who use the material as a food source. The reason
       | atmospheric CO2 is rising is that the biosphere doesn't have the
       | capacity to absorb the added CO2. Keep in mind that plant growth
       | is a quite slow process compared to industrial activity.
       | 
       | So let's say we generate a stream of pure CO2 from the atmosphere
       | - but how? If we got the electricity to do this (for pumping air
       | over CO2 filters etc.) from fossil fuels, it's a futile cycle.
       | The energy source has to be fossil-free for this to make sense as
       | a CO2 extraction process.
       | 
       | Now, the oil industry has mostly been using their CO2 streams for
       | enhanced oilfield recovery, i.e. they pump the CO2 down into the
       | wells and it comes back out carrying the dregs of the oil with
       | it. When processed into fuel, the injected CO2 goes back into the
       | atmosphere.
       | 
       | Another use of a pure CO2 stream is to jack greenhouse CO2 up to
       | ~1000 ppm, which has a significant effect on plant growth rates
       | under controlled nutrient conditions. Most of the CO2 is released
       | back into the atmosphere as well.
       | 
       | In terms of storing the CO2 in some stable form, this is rather
       | energy-intensive. The two options that make the most sense are
       | carbon fiber materials and diamond, the latter being harder to
       | make (but very cool and sci-fi, enter the Diamond Age). Other
       | options like making limestone (CaCO3) are tricky (where do you
       | get all the calcium from). These are the only long-term removal
       | options that make sense.
       | 
       | Claims that pumping CO2 down wells is a good idea for long-term
       | storage are fraudulent. Claims that coal can be burned and used
       | for electricity while capturing all the CO2 by the above process
       | are fraudulent. The DOE public-private programs like FutureGen
       | that promoted this were fraudulent, to the tune of billions of
       | dollars of fraud.
       | 
       | The other option for captured CO2 is to use it make methane and
       | jet fuel, for long-distance air travel, rocketry, maybe global
       | shipping. Here we have zero effect on atmospheric CO2 content as
       | what comes out goes back in. This is comparable to biosphere
       | activity, i.e. it's steady-state. Costs for this process might be
       | 10X that for current fossil fuel production, but it's the long-
       | term fuel solution. Given the high costs, electric vehicles form
       | most local transportation will be far more efficient.
       | 
       | I think that covers all the technological bases, anyway.
        
       | mjhay wrote:
       | Is anyone else not seeing the article text? (Firefox fwiw)
        
       | contemporary343 wrote:
       | There is a potentially valid criticism here since this is
       | ultimately about _what_ the school (with its tremendous
       | resources) is choosing to focus its efforts on. Stanford 's
       | previous global climate and energy project was famously funded by
       | oil companies (though I suspect this was mostly a PR thing for
       | them in previous decades), so this is not surprising. But should
       | their priorities be those of the school?
       | 
       | Also some interesting things happening behind the scenes where
       | they are clearly keeping faculty from certain 'troublesome'
       | departments out of the process.. but that's not really unusual in
       | the university context.
       | 
       | On the flip side, I think folks are also over-estimating the
       | importance of corporate sources of funding here. The real reason
       | for this focus is on government funding and resources on this
       | topic that the school will want to tap into.
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | reading tea-leaves -- there is a behind-the-scenes split on how
         | to proceed, on several fronts. The EU and India proposed
         | directly to include IPCC language about "transitioning to 100%
         | non-fossil fuel" and the USA + friends cancelled that in
         | committee. While lots of ordinary educated people support
         | energy change, you can see from the rhetoric and the stalling
         | that what that "change" is, is not agreed upon. Stanford
         | University, with regular funding from the Oil and Gas giants,
         | are in a position to effect the spin and secrecy around these
         | very public changes.
         | 
         | For example in 2023, the long-term investment and planning to
         | replace Soviet-era oil and gas infrastructure in the Baltics
         | with USA led oil and gas infrastructure in the Baltics is not
         | publicly discussed; plans for control of shipping channels in
         | the Arctic Circle area are not publicly discussed in the USA;
         | changes to the USA grid to accomodate plural energy sources are
         | not publicly discussed. An oil and gas-funded institute at
         | Stanford is in a position to affect all of those. Multiple
         | former US State Department executive leaders are active at
         | Stanford right now.
        
       | perihelions wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/m5Ebq
        
       | Lammy wrote:
       | Fun fact: Josiah Stanford was the first person to establish
       | commercial petroleum production in California:
       | http://www.sjvgeology.org/old_stuff/tunnels.html
        
       | godelski wrote:
       | Can we stop the anti-sequestration movement? Let's just think
       | about it for a second. How do we get to net zero if we account
       | for lifetime emissions of energy sources? Even solar has lifetime
       | emissions. You have to remove it from the atmosphere. (We'll
       | ignore processes that can't be decarbonized, but that just adds
       | to the problem)
       | 
       | So what do we know? We know that forests are hard to plant and
       | that their early lifecycle is a carbon source. Still, we should
       | plant trees. Ignoring this, US citizens alone would need to plant
       | 500 trees per year to offset their current footprints[0]. That's
       | 165 billion trees a year, and a densely packed forest has 4-6
       | sqft per tree. The US has just over a trillion square feet. You
       | do the math. (even dramatic reductions in footprints don't solve
       | this problem)
       | 
       | Okay, so trees aren't enough. Luckily we know land management is
       | one of the best carbon sink techniques available. But we run into
       | a similar problem, just with more efficiency than above. So what
       | is the result? We have to use a variety of techniques, both
       | natural and artificial, to scrub carbon from the air. Not to
       | reach net negative (which should really be our goal), but just to
       | even reach net zero! Yes, big oil is going to fund this. Why?
       | Because when carbon taxes come in, they can keep their plants up
       | by scrubbing a percentage of their carbon to match that tax.
       | (They also want PR and this is cheap PR) If they somehow could
       | scrub all the carbon (they won't), then what do we care? The goal
       | is about carbon emissions, not source of energy. I just don't see
       | them surviving, but of course they're going to try to hold on as
       | long as they can instead of adapting and surviving. Their loss.
       | 
       | [0] https://8billiontrees.com/carbon-offsets-credits/reduce-
       | co2-...
        
         | stainablesteel wrote:
         | imo, as a global priority, reducing carbon seems like it should
         | be a much lower priority compared to how hard its pushed.
         | 
         | incoming nuclear fusion would alleviate a ton of our carbon
         | issues
         | 
         | if we use info from this wonderfully fleshed out cost-benefit
         | analysis by bjorn lomborg i bet we could get the best of value
         | out of our current fossil fuels while not impoverishing our
         | children and grandchildren:
         | 
         | https://i.imgur.com/1vklbRo.png
        
           | godelski wrote:
           | > reducing carbon seems like it should be a much lower
           | priority compared to how hard its pushed
           | 
           | I'm not sure what you mean. The last 50 years (and even 5)
           | have been far more bark than bite.
           | 
           | > incoming nuclear fusion would alleviate a ton of our carbon
           | issues
           | 
           | A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. I worked on
           | nuclear in a previous career and still have friends there,
           | including fusion (including the big labs). Being bullish,
           | fusion net gain is still 10 years away. It'll take decades to
           | add to the energy portfolio after that. The case for fusion
           | is worse than the case for fission. We should work on both,
           | but we can't hold out for future technologies (we can say the
           | same about storage). We needed to act decades ago, pushing it
           | off by a few more decades is not going to solve the issue, it
           | is repeating the same mistakes.
           | 
           | > fleshed out cost-benefit analysis
           | 
           | I wouldn't trust any of these. Zero of them. You need to have
           | a pretty good understanding of these systems (highly complex)
           | to even understand if the analyses are good. Every single one
           | has a bias and is highly politicized. The more politicized a
           | topic is, the higher level of expertise you need to
           | understand who is telling the truth (politicization adds
           | large amounts of noise).
           | 
           | > Bjorn Lomborg
           | 
           | Who is a political scientist. He isn't a climate scientist,
           | nor even a scientist. Here's a rather well known scientist,
           | Stefan Rahmstorf (studies physics of oceans) discussing
           | Bjorn[0]. You can check Bjorn's scholar page[1] to even
           | verify that he's not doing actual science bust just writing
           | opinions with no supporting evidence. Please stop supporting
           | hacks.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2015/08/bj
           | orn...
           | 
           | [1]
           | https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=HUMF5c0AAAAJ
        
             | stainablesteel wrote:
             | fusion being decades away isn't a problem, we have time.
             | 
             | the only things in that cost benefit analysis are
             | politicized are what people are currently pushing en masse,
             | what he points out doesn't offer any benefit from a cost
             | perspective. plus you contradict yourself, you say it needs
             | a complex understanding but you dismiss it before analyzing
             | it yourself, he's got books and scientific publications on
             | this, go check for yourself.
             | 
             | all of his strongest suggestions are about preserving
             | biodiversity, curing disease, technological improvements,
             | trade restrictions, and contraception. Where are you
             | getting the politicized part?
             | 
             | and he has a background in political science and is doing
             | macroeconomic research, he's not claiming to have a cure
             | for temperature increases because he works off the IPCC's
             | data, which is the known standard for climate science. he's
             | giving simple _policy_ (oh look political science, its
             | almost like this is a multifaceted conversation, are you
             | trying to shut it down like people did with  "the science"
             | over covid?) implementations that can have massive net
             | benefits.
             | 
             | he's not a "hack" (insults are at the bottom of the
             | hierarchy of disagreement, if you want a reason to dismiss
             | someone's opinions its that they do this). he's gone on
             | tons of podcasts having open discussions about these
             | things, if Stefan Rahmstorf can hold an actual discussion
             | with him I'd love to see it.
             | 
             | your link doesn't work. But if all Stefan has it petty
             | insults like calling him a "hack" then I'd guess he's not
             | open to any kind of discussion, which is a red flag.
        
           | runarberg wrote:
           | If we don't reduce carbon emissions--heck if we don't stop
           | carbon emissions--there will be no future for our children
           | and grandchildren to either prosper or impoverish in. Not
           | reducing carbon means we are all going to die. The earth will
           | heat 4-5 degrees. Human societies will not function as we
           | know them today, governments will break down, wars will be
           | fought, famines will linger. However much money fossil fuel
           | gives us today will have no effect on that future, as we will
           | all be dead.
        
             | stainablesteel wrote:
             | the 4-5C model is a fraudulent model that's been pushed for
             | political agendas, it mistakes the temperature changes that
             | happen as distance from the equator increases.
             | 
             | Realistically, the world is going to see a 1.5-1.9C
             | increase by 2100. These are the IPCC's current projections,
             | which is the most well known standard.
             | 
             | everything you say is the dogma of alarmists, its not that
             | i don't think you care about this, I'm certain that you do,
             | but you're working off incorrect information and its doing
             | more harm than good.
             | 
             | some of the worst implications will be a biodiversity loss
             | in places near the equator, and there is basically not much
             | we can do to stop it. although hopefully i'm wrong as
             | there's a lot of ecological folk trying to remediate future
             | problems in this area.
             | 
             | the worst thing we can do to ourselves as a society is
             | panic and turn all of our attention towards climate-based
             | dogma. europe did this and russia found it as a reason to
             | attack ukraine. in reality, we have multiple priorities
             | that need to be sorted. climate is on there but its not the
             | only one. its important to keep people wealthy enough to
             | care about the climate, because otherwise they burn fuel
             | sources that are worse for it, ie wood and coal. and we
             | also need global societies to develop
             | scientifically/economically so we can achieve nuclear
             | fusion faster for the very goal that you're concerned
             | about.
             | 
             | to summarize a solid policy-based strategy, and complex-web
             | of problems concept to solve our climate problem is that:
             | 
             | increase in global trade -> leads to -> increase in
             | economic prosperity -> leads to -> increase in scientific
             | development -> leads to -> faster development of fusion
             | 
             | now the economic prosperity part isn't simple because there
             | are foreign governments that are showing themselves to be
             | hostile towards western institutions and operations, taking
             | advantage of their own development to act maliciously. this
             | isn't great as it makes us divert resources away from these
             | important problems. but if we only focus on the climate the
             | west will be eaten up by someone who doesn't care about it
             | at all.
        
               | runarberg wrote:
               | > the worst thing we can do to ourselves as a society is
               | panic and turn all of our attention towards climate-based
               | dogma.
               | 
               | We've tried doing nothing for a decade and see where that
               | has brought us. I say the strategy of remaining calm has
               | failed, I say it is past time for us to panic and scream
               | as if we are all going to die, because we are.
               | 
               | I know I am a climate doomer, why wouldn't I be? I've
               | been complaining about climate change since I was a
               | teenager, waiting for the governments to stop it, only to
               | realize they value corporate profits over, you know, our
               | climate, and worse, my life. We are all doomed, and we
               | are all going to die now.
               | 
               | Realistically we are only going to see 1.5deg if we take
               | immediate action now! This means close all fossil fuel
               | plants, close all highways, shut down airports, close all
               | cement factories, stop producing chemical fertilizers,
               | etc. Realistically 4-5deg is a business as usual, that is
               | we enact no climate policies other than existing ones,
               | where governments promise and then fail to deliver.
               | Realistically 4-5deg is the most plausible option.
               | Realistically a realistic climate action could bring us
               | down to 2-3deg. However given how governments have acted
               | so far, I see no reason but to panic and scream, we are
               | all going to die in a 4-5deg inferno.
        
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