[HN Gopher] Lactic Acid Bacteria as Markers for the Authenticati...
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       Lactic Acid Bacteria as Markers for the Authentication of Swiss
       Cheeses
        
       Author : PetitPrince
       Score  : 75 points
       Date   : 2023-05-02 08:59 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.chimia.ch)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.chimia.ch)
        
       | PetitPrince wrote:
       | This is a paper describing how the Swiss dairy industry encodes a
       | signature within the cheese itself.
       | 
       | I find the parallel with digital signature interesting because it
       | uses a similar scheme: the "public key" is the presence/absence
       | of a set of strains of bacteria, and the "private key" is a
       | (secret) set restriction enzyme used to identify the strain.
        
       | version_five wrote:
       | I just came across a company yesterday that is using engineered
       | microbes (with a kind of bar code coded in them) as tracers for
       | food. Personally it sounds a bit icky.
       | 
       | https://www.aanikabio.com/
        
         | thenayr wrote:
         | [dead]
        
       | inigoalonso wrote:
       | Tom Scott mentioned this on his video from yesterday: How they
       | saved the holes in Swiss cheese
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=evV05QeSjAw
        
         | h1fra wrote:
         | Came to mention that! There is always a Tom Scott video for any
         | topic :D
        
           | ithinkso wrote:
           | youtube version of xkcd?
        
       | kleiba wrote:
       | Some of my American peers here on HN may be as surprised as I was
       | when I first found out that there's more than one - _the_ - Swiss
       | Cheese. I mean, you know, the one with the holes!...
        
       | zug_zug wrote:
       | This is awesome. I'd love to see this at scale.
       | 
       | I keep hearing about problems in food authenticity (e.g. fake
       | olive-oil). I want the quality of my food to be auditable (is it
       | really organic? Was it really grown in country X? Are these eggs
       | really free-range?) and this seems like a step in that direction.
        
       | jslaby wrote:
       | They could use a similar inverse type process to check for
       | authenticity of American cheese
        
         | underlines wrote:
         | To be honest, I don't know anybody in Europe who buys American
         | cheese :D
        
       | underlines wrote:
       | lol. I did my Chemical Laboratory Assistant Apprenticeship at
       | exactly this place and my uncle just retired as a Chemist 5
       | months ago, working at Agroscope Liebefeld for over 30 years.
        
       | perihelions wrote:
       | Related HN thread, aged 11 months
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31426700 ( _" Parmigiano
       | Reggiano makers embedding tiny trackers in rind to fight cheese
       | fraud"_, 300 comments)
        
       | jl6 wrote:
       | Sounds like they are banking on keeping the "proof-of-origin"
       | culture under tight control, distributed only to authorized
       | cheese manufacturers. This is similar to how AACS decryption keys
       | are only distributed to authorized Blu-Ray equipment
       | manufacturers.
        
         | zyx321 wrote:
         | It's a matter of effort. Counterfeit bluray are useless without
         | the keys, counterfeit cheese is indistinguishable to the
         | average consumer. You're not going to have the best and
         | brightest biologists in the world competing for the glory of
         | cracking Cheese DRM.
        
           | DennisP wrote:
           | Decryption keys generally aren't broken by the best and
           | brightest cryptographers, they're leaked somehow. The same
           | would apply here. If the real cheese sells for more than
           | competitors, there's economic incentive.
        
           | morkalork wrote:
           | >Cheese DRM
           | 
           | Makes it sound like we're living in a cyberpunk future
           | written by Douglas Adams.
        
             | zyx321 wrote:
             | Life is a Cory Doctorow story...
        
         | rchowe wrote:
         | They also may not publish the DNA sequence they are using, or
         | they may have more than one sequence and only publish one of
         | them. Presumably it has to be in a highly conserved region of
         | the bacterial genome (or present in a few highly conserved
         | places).
        
       | TheChaplain wrote:
       | Funny coincidence, I was in Switzerland last week and indeed the
       | cheese industry there is huge, and tasty.
       | 
       | The thing though, I got to sample a Brie cheese made in
       | Switzerland but I thought anything named Brie could only come
       | from France?
       | 
       | Nevertheless it was the most amazing cheese I had, much more
       | bouncy and not runny or flaccid like President or Kolibrie brand.
       | I asked the staff where I could buy it but they said it's a local
       | product from Interlaken. :(
        
         | ilyt wrote:
         | > The thing though, I got to sample a Brie cheese made in
         | Switzerland but I thought anything named Brie could only come
         | from France?
         | 
         | Switzerland is not in EU so if that is protected by some EU law
         | I think it wouldn't apply ?
        
           | detaro wrote:
           | Coverage for these things goes farther thanks to various
           | international treaties about mutual recognition of them, I
           | believe Switzerland has joined at least some of them. Either
           | way, "Brie" is not a protected label so it doesn't matter.
        
         | detaro wrote:
         | "Brie" is not a protected label. Some specific variants are
         | protected ( _Brie de Meaux_ and _Brie de Melun_ from France,
         | not sure if any non-French ones are)
        
         | pdpi wrote:
         | Could it have been a misunderstanding?
         | 
         | Interlaken is, as the name implies, between two lakes, one of
         | which called Brienz. Could have been "Brienz cheese" or
         | something similar?
         | 
         | There is a sbrinz cheese that's made nearby, but that seems to
         | be more of a hard cheese that's used more like you would
         | parmesan.
        
       | hermannj314 wrote:
       | The paper mentions isotopic analysis [1] for authenticity and
       | origin, which fascinates me because of the breadth of
       | applicability - even into criminal investigations of biological
       | material to determine where you have been living.
       | 
       | 1 - https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope_analysis
        
         | Scoundreller wrote:
         | And to see if the "bio-identical" anabolic steroids (or other
         | performance enhancing drugs) in your body were created in your
         | (or someone's...) body, or in a lab.
         | 
         | (Basically radio carbon dating, but against a subset of a
         | molecule rather than the whole thing).
        
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       (page generated 2023-05-03 23:02 UTC)