[HN Gopher] Exercise increases number of immune cells in cancer ...
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       Exercise increases number of immune cells in cancer patients
        
       Author : _xerces_
       Score  : 187 points
       Date   : 2023-05-02 18:49 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.utu.fi)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.utu.fi)
        
       | Findecanor wrote:
       | Interesting. I'm about to start chemotherapy in a month or so,
       | and I've been told that I'm supposed to get it injected _while_
       | pedalling on an exercise bike. Could it be for the same reason as
       | mentioned in the article: better distribution of the cancer-
       | fighting _thing_ to where the cancer is?
        
         | martyvis wrote:
         | My cancer centre only delivers chemo while ina comfy recliner.
         | They encourage gentle exercise each day. For me this is walking
         | with my dog and wife, and maybe a little safe DIY. I have low
         | platelets and WCC at the moment so can't afford to do anything
         | to rigourous.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Lance Armstrong still did hard training rides between
           | chemotherapy sessions. While his reputation is tarnished by
           | doping and legal disputes, if you look at his case purely
           | from a medical standpoint it indicates that more rigorous
           | exercise could benefit some cancer patients depending on
           | their overall state. (I am just making a general comment, not
           | about your particular case.)
           | 
           | https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/1999/jul/18/focus.ne.
           | ..
        
             | ramoz wrote:
             | To be fair Lance largely benefited from cisplatin chemistry
             | in his chemo mix --- which is highly effective in treating
             | germ cell tumors. This effectiveness is limited to only
             | certain cancers such as TC.
        
       | stainablesteel wrote:
       | im not surprised
       | 
       | i've always opposed the "you're sick therefore you should rest"
       | advice, your lymph nodes are mechanical pumps, maybe you
       | shouldn't go run 10 miles or do heavy lifting but definitely walk
       | around or ride a bike if you feel up to it
        
         | birdyrooster wrote:
         | always opposing this advice is draconian and incorrect because
         | resting is the correct advice for many ailments
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | There are very few ailments for which complete bed rest is a
           | good idea. Unless the patient is in an ICU or something it is
           | almost always beneficial to get up and move around as much as
           | possible. This prevents muscle atrophy and helps keep
           | circulatory, lymphatic, and digestive systems working
           | normally.
           | 
           | If you disagree then please provide medical journal
           | citations.
        
           | martyvis wrote:
           | Correct. rest is as important for recovery as exercise.
           | gentle exercise, ie walking, to your energy capacity is good.
           | Your brain also uses energy. I registered some domain names
           | and obtained a business number during the wee hours yesterday
           | ( not everyone is excited by this, but I can't really control
           | my enthusiastic brain). I definitely need more rest than
           | exercise at this point. I'm using my smartwatch to track my
           | "body battery" which is helpful.
        
       | lockhouse wrote:
       | Diet, exercise, enough sleep, and a good social support structure
       | are pretty much the keys to good health in general.
       | 
       | The fact that we have so many health issues in western society
       | are because its so easy to neglect these things.
        
         | 10xDev wrote:
         | You forgot to add good genetics.
        
           | ericmay wrote:
           | Those help but are completely out of your control.
        
             | eikenberry wrote:
             | Hopefully not for long.
        
               | lockhouse wrote:
               | Yeah, I can't wait to live in a real life version of
               | Rapture from the BioShock series. ;-)
               | 
               | I'm looking forward to Incinerate and Telekinesis myself.
        
           | pengaru wrote:
           | > You forgot to add good genetics.
           | 
           | Too many people lean on "bad genetics" as a scapegoat for
           | their laziness/poor choices/lack of self-discipline...
        
           | mtalantikite wrote:
           | "good genetics" (if we can even say that) might help give an
           | edge for elite athletes, but really, for most able bodied
           | people, it's not a factor you should be thinking about when
           | it comes to exercise. Just get out there and use your body,
           | it's amazing.
        
         | Waterluvian wrote:
         | And you don't need a gym membership or expensive equipment or
         | any training for exercise. Even a tiny amount can make a huge
         | difference.
         | 
         | If you're currently doing no exercise, try to walk five minutes
         | at lunch time each day. Just five minutes. And when that's
         | trivial to do, make it 10 minutes. Try to keep increasing this
         | over the year. No rush. Take your time. But try to make it a
         | habit. Even if some days it's back down to just 5 minutes.
         | 
         | If you're walking even just 15 minutes a day when you weren't
         | before, you will be so much better off in ways that will be
         | apparent. You might find that you feel happier, more alert, in
         | a better mood overall. You might sleep a bit better. etc.
         | 
         | I'm not saying that a 15 min walk is a panacea that will cure
         | all ills, but it's a multivitamin that works.
        
           | buu700 wrote:
           | Also, carry a backpack: https://www.goruck.com/pages/what-is-
           | rucking
           | 
           | I generally carry a small EDC backpack anyway for convenience
           | and hydration, but having that 10 - 15 lbs on my back also
           | adds a little bit of extra workout to my walks. Sometimes
           | I'll put my backpack inside a bigger backpack with a few
           | gallons of water or a couple 25lb plates added, which starts
           | to feel like moderate intensity squatting or deadlifting
           | (especially when it involves hills or stairs).
        
             | Waterluvian wrote:
             | A backpack, and countless other upgrades, are great ideas.
             | But I want to communicate that none of this stuff is
             | necessary.
             | 
             | We _love_ to make the simplest thing overly ridiculously
             | complicated to the point that people don 't even try.
             | 
             | Just start with a walk.
        
           | Xeoncross wrote:
           | A lot of people don't realize that muscle use helps pump
           | blood. Movement is important for helping circulation.
        
             | Silverback_VII wrote:
             | Yeah but a 15min walk will get you nowhere.
        
               | martyvis wrote:
               | It will get you more than 15 minutes on the couch
               | watching TV. How disingenuous can you be.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | For someone who used to drive everywhere, it may be a
               | "gateway drug" to more walking.
        
           | cowmoo728 wrote:
           | Or, if you're working in a multi story office or apartment,
           | take the stairs instead of the elevator. It seems silly but
           | it actually makes a big difference to go from mostly
           | sedentary to walking up stairs.
        
         | ActorNightly wrote:
         | Its even simpler.
         | 
         | Exercise (specifically, aerobic type) is the main thing you
         | need. A good exercise regime gives you a lot of leeway in the
         | diet aspect especially if you don't overeat (since your caloric
         | burn will be high enough on the regular to not have to deal
         | with issues like too much carbs). It also helps you sleep as
         | you get tired and can fall asleep easier, and reduces stress
         | levels, which is very important in regards to longevity.
         | 
         | There also have been studies that link brain function
         | deterioration with lack of oxygen, and people with higher
         | VO2max values are at a lower risk of cognitive decline.
         | 
         | Something as simple as cycling to the office instead of taking
         | the car can have extremely positive effects.
        
           | Swizec wrote:
           | Don't forget all the evidence suggesting adult neurogenesis
           | specifically from running.
           | 
           | As for VO2max, Levitt had a longevity researcher on his
           | podcast who found that a high VO2max (used as a proxy
           | measure) is causally related with higher impacts on 5 year
           | all cause mortality than smoking. In the good direction. As
           | in: being in shape reduces your risk of death more than
           | smoking increases it.
           | 
           | Sauce: https://freakonomics.com/podcast/adding-ten-healthy-
           | years-to...
        
             | swalling wrote:
             | It's not just a longterm effect of VO2max improvements,
             | which is a physiological metric that is quite slow to
             | improve and realistically has upper limits based on your
             | age and sex. It's also that aerobic exercise acutely
             | improves brain function. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/a
             | rticles/PMC9256523/#:~:tex...
        
             | o_____________o wrote:
             | Figured that would be Peter Attia.
             | 
             | https://peterattiamd.com/podcast/
             | 
             | His podcast is amazing but can be dense and technical at
             | times. He's evidence based and would probably fit in with
             | the HN crowd.
        
               | pastor_bob wrote:
               | Peter Attia got me into having a weekly MRI and wearing a
               | dexcom 24/7. Costly, but great stuff.
        
               | o_____________o wrote:
               | Weekly, seriously? What's the background with that?
        
               | matwood wrote:
               | I enjoy listening to Attia talk about his longevity
               | research. He's why I finally started doing IF, and
               | someone I looked to when I moved from power lifting
               | (can't do it forever lol) to a more longevity based
               | exercise program.
               | 
               | Then I randomly got really into jiu-jitsu because why
               | not.
        
           | david2ndaccount wrote:
           | Cycling has its own risks as it can reduce bone density if
           | you cycle instead of walking or other forms of exercise.
        
             | ActorNightly wrote:
             | Make every other ride a mountain bike ride and you will
             | have no issues with bone density.
        
             | decodebytes wrote:
             | How much Cycling do you have to do for that to become a
             | credible risk though? I am imaging quite a bit more than a
             | daily commute.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Cycling doesn't directly cause loss of bone mineral
               | density. Ride as much as you like.
               | 
               | The issue is that some people use cycling as their only
               | form of exercise. For bone health you need to mix in
               | other high impact exercises such as running and
               | weightlifting.
        
           | orev wrote:
           | You can't outrun a bad diet. It takes a lot of exercise to
           | burn off excess calories, and virtually no effort to simply
           | not consume them. I understand that health is more than just
           | calories, and you can come to the same conclusion about other
           | bad things like trans fats, alcohol, etc.
           | 
           | If someone had to choose only one thing to do for health, a
           | healthy diet is far more important than exercise.
        
             | lukemercado wrote:
             | > It takes a lot of exercise to burn off excess calories,
             | and virtually no effort to simply not consume them.
             | 
             | > and virtually no effort to simply not consume them.
             | 
             | I don't think this is true. The executive function required
             | to manage the dopamine cycle that food generates is
             | incredibly taxing. I honestly think this is a result of our
             | food systems being incredibly optimized to drive purchasing
             | decisions...
             | 
             | Separately, this reminds me that I should eat some veggies.
        
             | ActorNightly wrote:
             | Bad diet, as in Mcdonalds every day and lots of sugar, is
             | going to be bad for you even with exercise, but thats
             | because you probably aren't getting the nutrients that you
             | need.
             | 
             | The big issue with diets is that people eat too much carbs,
             | and if you aren't burning those carbs for energy, this is
             | where problems happen. Healthy regiment of exercise will
             | help greatly with this, giving you the option to eat tasty
             | foods with carbs and maintain a good weight without any
             | problems.
        
             | cowmoo728 wrote:
             | Exercise moderates negative feelings and hormones and often
             | causes people to maintain a better sleep and diet routine.
             | Everything in life becomes easier with a light/moderate
             | regular exercise routine. It's inseparable from diet.
        
             | Fricken wrote:
             | You can't outrun a bad diet, but a bad diet _can_ give you
             | the runs.
        
             | matwood wrote:
             | I agree, but we need to stop with the one thing. A decent
             | diet is important, and so is cardio. And, so is strength. A
             | person will lose a % of muscle/strength each year after age
             | 50 or so. The higher base you start with the more strength
             | a person will have as they get older, which helps prevent
             | falls and other old age issues.
        
             | sudosysgen wrote:
             | While you can't easily burn off excess calories, a good
             | amount of muscle mass can significantly increase your
             | metabolic rate as well, so there are effects from repeated
             | exercise beyond just calorie consumption.
        
               | kriops wrote:
               | Citation needed because "significantly". Studies I have
               | seen in this (not my field) indicate that the effect is
               | measurable, but basically negligible.
               | 
               | The ancestor comment saying to do cardio is right.
               | Strength training is also important for health, but for
               | different reasons (motor function, bone density, etc.).
               | The act of strength training also burns some calories,
               | regardless of resultant muscle mass.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | Yes, I do have a citation : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
               | pmc/articles/PMC2931407/#!po=8....
               | 
               | Every extra kg of muscle is estimated to contribute
               | 21kcal/day to the RMR. If you put on, say, 15kg of muscle
               | over a few years (quite doable if you are very sedentary
               | and have low muscle mass), that's an extra 300kcal/day.
               | Add in 30 mins of biking a day, and say 100 cal from
               | strength training on average, that's a good 600-700
               | calories per day!
        
             | bitL wrote:
             | Switching to carnivore diet gives you 2lb/1kg weight loss a
             | week without any exercise and any feeling of hunger or
             | weakness (assuming you are overweight).
        
             | QuercusMax wrote:
             | This is only true to a point. When I was cycling 20 miles
             | 5x per week, I literally couldn't eat enough to avoid
             | losing weight. (This was not a problem, I've never been
             | thin.)
        
               | swalling wrote:
               | This is very common among endurance athletes. It's
               | extremely difficult to consistently recover from a
               | >1,000-2,000 calorie deficit every time you do a weekly
               | long run or ride. Glycogen reabsorption is optimally
               | effective for only a relatively brief time period post-
               | exercise and there are upper limits on your rate of
               | glycogen resynthesis.
        
               | Fricken wrote:
               | Yes, when I switch into training mode, the fat melts off
               | in short order (I've never accumulated more than 20
               | pounds of unwanted mass, and when I did it was following
               | a broken leg and 2 years spent largely sedentary)
               | 
               | In the past I've toned my training down due to
               | exhaustion, not from the physical output but from having
               | to constantly be shoving calories down my throat.
        
           | mft_ wrote:
           | I'm not disagreeing that aerobic exercise is important and
           | beneficial, but to add: there is also data correlating other
           | exercise behaviours (stretching, strength training) with
           | positive health and longevity outcomes. Also, quite
           | significant benefits can be achieved via HIIT, which is
           | anything but aerobic.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | graypegg wrote:
           | I can totally vouch for this in my valueless opinion study of
           | n=1.
           | 
           | I've always eaten "a little bad" diet. I don't think I eat
           | too much, and I keep things mostly balanced, but I tend to
           | eat quite late, and carbs and calories was always something
           | I'd just take down without considering totals for a day or
           | week.
           | 
           | Was totally fine when I was walking to work every day, and
           | doing a lot outside.
           | 
           | Early COVID era, with the same diet, I started ticking up in
           | weight, and wasn't feeling great. Once adding more exercise
           | to my routine I slowly returned to my baseline. Maybe I could
           | be doing better with a better diet, but I was kind of shocked
           | by how much of an effect ~1hr of walking a day had on me.
        
         | pengaru wrote:
         | "Social support structure" is often at odds with diet,
         | exercise, and enough sleep.
        
           | sysadmindotfail wrote:
           | Life is a series of endless choices.
           | 
           | I recently ran a 24hr relay. There were absolutely those who
           | drank/partied while they participated. They posted slower
           | times and probably slept less. I didn't sleep as much as
           | usual (because I was waking up to run every 6hrs), but I
           | slept more, didn't party, ran faster than them.
           | 
           | Neither of us was right/wrong in our choices. I would have
           | felt like crap if I had their habits, but maybe it doesn't
           | affect them.
        
           | elijaht wrote:
           | Not sure about that. A few social activities are negative
           | (nightlife, eating out maybe), but most seem to be neutral to
           | me (hanging out, gaming, religion), and it's pretty easy to
           | find positive activities (walking/hiking, sports, climbing).
        
           | lockhouse wrote:
           | It is absolutely critical to good mental health and having
           | healthy coping mechanisms for stress.
           | 
           | Social support structure doesn't necessarily mean staying out
           | all night drinking and partying with your friends like a
           | college student. It can also mean spending quality time with
           | your family, neighbors, and acquaintances that you share
           | hobbies and activities with.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | markus_zhang wrote:
         | These are luxuries, not mandatories. That's why many people
         | don't get them. They can't. I absolutely can't.
        
           | jimbob45 wrote:
           | Couldn't agree more. Seems like a lot of people on here think
           | that low-income earners eat off of the McD's dollar menu by
           | choice.
        
             | t-writescode wrote:
             | I absolutely don't think that.
             | 
             | I think that company owners, share holders, "The Economy"
             | have decided that low earners don't deserve healthy lives;
             | and that many of those low earners have been tricked into
             | agreeing that it's best to live "under foot" and that those
             | things are luxuries.
             | 
             | It would be like cheering a factory on for all the missing
             | arms its employees have, and _then_ having all the factory
             | employees mock the newcommers with two arms trying to
             | protest losing an arm only to have the tenured ones laugh
             | at them and think that 's privilege.
             | 
             | We've brainwashed generations of self and systemic harm
        
             | Vt71fcAqt7 wrote:
             | Beans, rice, eggs and oats are cheaper, healthier and
             | quicker than Mcdonalds. (Rice is not quicker). If McDonals
             | were the only choice they wouldn't be spending millions on
             | advertising.
        
               | t-writescode wrote:
               | They're also more emotionally taxing to create, and come
               | with several externalities that aren't baked in to the
               | price of the dollar menu:                 * dish washing
               | (do they even have dishes?)       * power usage of stove
               | * time to clean up       * a singular, large lump of time
               | to go out and buy all those food       * the necessary
               | mental spoons to plan those numerous meals each week
               | * a refridgerator that works (mine is currently broken,
               | for example)       * a willingness to accept the cost of
               | losing a lot of food when the fridge inevitably breaks
               | 
               | And so on
        
               | Jtsummers wrote:
               | * a refridgerator that works (mine is currently broken,
               | for example)
               | 
               | Other than eggs, and this is in the US not all countries,
               | you don't need a refrigerator for the listed items.
               | Beans, rice, and oats do not require refrigeration. Many
               | fruits and vegetables also don't need refrigeration [0].
               | * a willingness to accept the cost of losing a lot of
               | food when the fridge inevitably breaks
               | 
               | This is mitigated by learning what does and does not need
               | to be refrigerated and storing things properly.
               | 
               | [0] https://extension.purdue.edu/foodlink/includes/pubs/S
               | toring%...
        
           | wyldberry wrote:
           | They are not luxuries. Modern society has just made it easy
           | to neglect these things for various reasons. The lies we tell
           | ourselves about it not mandatory until you burn out or need
           | medical intervention.
           | 
           | Modern medicine will provide various interventions to help
           | out such as trying to balance your brain chemistry, lowering
           | obesity, blood pressure, etc. Many of the things prescribed
           | to us today are due to lifestyle choices.
           | 
           | There's a growing corpus of evidence that diet has incredible
           | potential for treating serious brain disorders (when done
           | with a psychiatrist, especially if you're already
           | medicated)[0].
           | 
           | At the end of the day, you are the only person who sets the
           | priorities in your life. If you don't make maintenance of
           | your body and mind a priority, the bill will come later.
           | 
           | [0]: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/61129785-brain-
           | energy
        
           | acabal wrote:
           | I think it's important to note that they're luxuries in the
           | modern society we've built for ourselves in the West. Long,
           | long ago, small communities without access to high-speed
           | travel provided social support; no cars and little white-
           | collar work means exercise was baked into life with much
           | walking and manual labor; diet was mostly unprocessed food
           | farmed nearby; and no screens or even electricity meant sleep
           | well before midnight till dawn.
           | 
           | Of course, there were plenty of problems back then, too - I'm
           | not saying it was an idyllic utopia. But in our modern life,
           | it seems like we've just traded one set of problems for
           | another.
        
           | teaearlgraycold wrote:
           | I understand this is probably an uncomfortable topic, but I'd
           | love to hear more from you on this.
        
           | mattwest wrote:
           | If you put diet, exercise, sleep, and social support on a
           | sliding scale, can you honestly say that you're doing
           | everything in your power to maximize each one?
           | 
           | I don't know your personal details, but most people who think
           | this way are not actually trying their hardest in each
           | category. Sure, some small percentage is going to face
           | monumental challenges. But look at the data in the US for
           | example. 70% of our deaths are caused by NCDs. Most of that
           | 70% has enough control of these factors to reap their
           | benefits
        
             | t-writescode wrote:
             | > Most of that 70% has enough control of these factors to
             | reap their benefits
             | 
             | And yet they don't, so it suggests to me that "it's not
             | that simple". It's better to imagine that people _are_
             | doing what they can and it's still not enough, so rather
             | than victim blaming, we can discover what's actually going
             | on in these people's lives that's stopping their ability to
             | reach it.
             | 
             | Are they so downtrodden that it's not worth the effort
             | anymore? Are they actually working 2-3 jobs and 100 hours
             | of unexpected time a week so they literally don't have
             | time? Do they live so far away from work because they can't
             | afford to live close such that all their time is spent
             | commuting and they have no extra time anymore?
        
               | mattwest wrote:
               | Let's be intellectually honest here.
               | 
               | It's not victim blaming to point out that "can't" isn't
               | reasonable language. Life is hard. Doesn't mean we
               | "can't" have some control over these variables. As I
               | said, there are edge cases that deserve sympathy but they
               | don't represent the bulk of scenarios.
        
               | t-writescode wrote:
               | > there are edge cases that deserve sympathy but they
               | don't represent the bulk of scenarios.
               | 
               | You say this, but you also say, "Most of that 70% has
               | enough control of these factors to reap their benefits"
               | 
               | 70% and "most of 70%" are still either a majority or at
               | the very least a plurality; so, I have to strongly
               | disagree that they don't represent the bulk of the
               | scenarios.
               | 
               | Is your argument that most people are lazy and should
               | suck it up and get over it and fix themselves?
        
               | derac wrote:
               | I don't think lazy is the best framing. I do think most
               | people have bad habits around sleep, diet, and exercise.
               | It's difficult to change these habits even if you have a
               | good mentor, which most people don't. It's also very
               | human to ignore advice and take the path of least
               | resistance.
               | 
               | I have been in that place myself for most of my life and
               | for able-bodied people it is possible to get 150 minites
               | of low-intensity excercise a week, more sun, leafy
               | greens, a can of sardines each day, and such low-effort
               | interventions which have a high impact on health and
               | well-being.
               | 
               | My advice to those people would be to start slow and not
               | beat yourself up about having a milkshake and such. It
               | takes time to build habits and good habits tend to
               | cascade and encourage you, especially when you are
               | happier with what you see in the mirror.
        
               | fsdjkflsjfsoij wrote:
               | > Is your argument that most people are lazy
               | 
               | Yes most adults are extremely lazy and undisciplined.
        
               | sysadmindotfail wrote:
               | >Yes most adults are extremely lazy and undisciplined.
               | 
               | If you do not believe this statement, ask the opinion of
               | any medical provider you know.
        
               | mattwest wrote:
               | Within that 70%, most of them can:
               | 
               | - Afford to eat healthier foods. Rice, potatoes, bell
               | peppers, onions, lentils, ground beef, pork chops, eggs,
               | are not expensive. Time is a bigger factor but I don't
               | buy the time argument in most cases either. Just need to
               | prioritize.
               | 
               | - Improve their sleep. Most people have terrible sleep
               | habits and there is a load of free information available
               | for anyone who wants to make a positive change.
               | 
               | - Exercise. Walking 30 minutes each day yields most of
               | the available benefit. Strength training is also
               | available for most of the population. A secondhand
               | kettlebell is like 20 dollars. Calisthenics are free.
               | Some gym memberships go as low as 10/month.
               | 
               | >Is your argument that most people are lazy and should
               | suck it up and get over it and fix themselves?
               | 
               | If you want to phrase it that way in order to paint me as
               | the bad guy, then sure. But I would prefer to start with
               | not giving up personal responsibility. Not throwing our
               | hands up and blaming externalities, big food, and big
               | pharma. If someone has that attitude, what hope do they
               | have? Do you not believe in empowering people? If we
               | validate every single persons' victim card, they will
               | eventually believe they have no control over their lives.
               | And that's just not true.
        
               | lockhouse wrote:
               | I think for a lot of people it is that simple. Doing
               | what's right for your health is more difficult and
               | requires sacrifice.
               | 
               | Dopamine is easy to get from doom scrolling on your
               | phone, watching Netflix, or playing video games. You
               | don't even have to leave your chair. Exercise is hard. It
               | requires you to exert yourself and it requires training
               | over time to see tangible results.
               | 
               | Same thing with food. Going through a McDonald's drive
               | through is easy and the salt, fat, and sugar taste good
               | to most of us. Cracking open a cook book, putting
               | together a shopping list, and going to the grocery store
               | is hard. It requires planning, it requires thought. Then
               | you have to come home and cook the food, which requires
               | even more effort. If you cook something healthy, it won't
               | be loaded up with all the salt, fat, and sugar that
               | people have become accustomed to.
               | 
               | Getting enough sleep requires discipline and sacrificing
               | time. Time you could be spending doing activities that
               | release dopamine, such as playing video games, or
               | watching videos.
               | 
               | Developing a healthy social support network is difficult
               | too. It's easy to post things or like things on Facebook
               | or Hacker News. It's much more difficult to get out there
               | and be part of clubs or doing group activities and
               | meeting and engaging with people in the real world. You
               | have to leave your house. You have to put yourself out
               | there and be a little bit vulnerable. It's particularly
               | hard if you're an introvert. Nurturing strong family
               | relationships takes a lot of effort too. You have to be
               | the mean parent that kicks your kids off video games to
               | play board games or go on a nature hike together. It's a
               | lot easier to let a screen babysit them all day.
               | 
               | I'm only talking about middle and upper class social
               | dynamics of course. I've been fortunate enough to never
               | experience poverty or food insecurity. I'm sure it's not
               | nearly that simple for people in that situation.
        
               | wyldberry wrote:
               | Our economic system has engrained in us that if you
               | aren't doing your competitive advantage money earner,
               | it's better to outsource that to someone who does.
               | 
               | That's extended to all facets of life and has bought us a
               | lot of luxury time, which of course has led to a rise in
               | dopamine factory applications, goods, and services to
               | fill that time.
               | 
               | Many people honestly believe "why would i spend time
               | grocery shopping if i can just pay someone else to cook
               | for me?"
               | 
               | There's something to be said for the effort of doing
               | things.
        
           | landryraccoon wrote:
           | Good food I can see as a luxury. How is exercise a luxury
           | though? It seems like going for a walk or a run is available
           | to almost everyone.
           | 
           | If anything it seems like those on the lower income level
           | would be forced to be outside doing physical activity more
           | than the wealthy.
        
             | t-writescode wrote:
             | > would be forced to be outside doing physical activity
             | more
             | 
             | I have no citation, but I believe most low-income jobs in
             | the US involve:                 * standing for long, long
             | hours and not moving (cashiers)       * sitting for long,
             | long hours and not moving (call centers)
        
           | xenospn wrote:
           | Is someone holding a gun to your head and preventing you from
           | eating fruits and vegetables?
        
           | rocket_surgeron wrote:
           | For the most profoundly addicted, the acutely dying, and
           | those who are mentally ill to the point of being unable to
           | participate in society these are luxuries.
           | 
           | For everyone else, they are mandatory.
           | 
           | Exercise is the easiest. Exercise isn't running and
           | weightlifting, exercise is pushing your body to the limits so
           | that its limits slowly increase over time. For 600lbs people
           | exercise may be standing up and sitting down. For the
           | elderly, like my 92 year old grandmother with COPD, exercise
           | is curling and doing overhead presses with a heavy book while
           | seated. People with cystic fibrosis exercise, and are usually
           | exercise machines because if they stop they die. Patients in
           | iron lungs exercise. The only people who can't exercise are
           | those in hospice care. If you can stand, standing until you
           | cannot stand anymore is exercise. If you can walk, 5 seconds
           | more walking than you did yesterday is exercise. Wheelchair-
           | bound patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta can (and are
           | highly encouraged to) exercise. Exercise costs $0.00.
           | 
           | If you are so ill that you cannot pick up a 1 lbs dumbbell,
           | putting a rubber band around your fingers and opening and
           | closing your hand is exercise and will have benefits. If you
           | are not acutely dying, you can exercise.
           | 
           | All forms of exercise at all levels for all people has a
           | benefit-- however small, it is a benefit.
           | 
           | Eating right is harder, but is accessible to any able-bodied,
           | homed, person. Able-bodied doesn't mean healthy. Able-bodied
           | means "able to turn on a hotplate and lift a bag of beans."
           | 
           | Social support is the hardest, but is doable for all but the
           | most mentally ill. There are roughly 35,000 social support
           | groups full of people looking for a social support network
           | dotted across the country. Many of them meet online so anyone
           | who can read HN can participate as a first step. I do not
           | believe they are adequate. I do believe that online support
           | groups are an outstanding and effective first step.
           | 
           | Lacking a social support network is often fatal to human
           | beings, and those who lack support need to work extremely
           | hard to obtain one, but it isn't impossible.
           | 
           | There are human being for who exercise, diet, and friends are
           | luxuries.
           | 
           | Someone active on hacker news is PROBABLY not one of them.
        
           | dingusdew wrote:
           | They are only that way because our society treats them as
           | luxuries instead of baseline "these are needed to properly
           | take care of yourself."
           | 
           | Apparently only the rich deserve things like this, according
           | to US society.
           | 
           | You know, rich folks like Steve Jobs who definitely listen to
           | their doctors and their support networks and definitely don't
           | fall for quacky bullshit that means they die from a totally
           | manageable type of cancer.
        
           | t-writescode wrote:
           | I have to disagree. That Western Society has systemically
           | chosen to redefine them as luxuries and has forced its
           | residents to treat them as luxuries, rather than the
           | obligation for a healthy human experience that they are is a
           | major source of the harm we experience every day.
           | 
           | We need to return to considering and treating them as the
           | mandatories that they are or else we will continue to
           | experience the cost of neglecting them, just like neglecting
           | Vitamin C results in scurvy.
        
           | ianlevesque wrote:
           | No, no, everything is a personal failing. Pull yourself up by
           | those bootstraps. What externalities?
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | It's because western culture jumped the shark long ago. Half of
         | every longevity tips is basically "no modern life". Eat fresh,
         | few, move a lot, sleep a lot, talk a lot.
        
           | selimthegrim wrote:
           | Few what?
        
         | borbulon wrote:
         | I was walking 10+ miles every day when I was diagnosed with
         | Stage 4 Lung Cancer, which means it was growing pretty much the
         | entire time I was exercising. It's not just Diet, exercise and
         | sleep (and proper eating). Some of it is just plain luck.
        
           | robinsord wrote:
           | [dead]
        
           | pazimzadeh wrote:
           | I'm sorry to hear that. Theoretically, it could have
           | progressed faster if you hadn't exercised?
        
           | ericmcer wrote:
           | Sorry that sucks and is doubly frustrating when you are doing
           | everything right. Sort of the inverse of Richard Overton who
           | would chain smoke cigars and drink Irish coffee well into his
           | 100s.
        
           | Wonnk13 wrote:
           | 34 year old triathlete here: colon cancer spread from my
           | colon to my lung. That said, I do think continuing to do some
           | amount of exercise during chemo definitely helped me recover,
           | if not just stay sane mentally.
           | 
           | I'm about to have surgery to remove part of the lung and
           | tumor and my surgeon/oncology team is making me wear a fitbit
           | for three months to study my recovery.
        
             | borbulon wrote:
             | What did you do for exercise? Do you mind me asking what
             | your chemo was? Was it mutation-specific?
             | 
             | Good luck with the surgery!
        
       | _xerces_ wrote:
       | Research paper here:
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-33432-4
        
       | martyvis wrote:
       | As a chronic leukaemia patient (twice chemo campaign treated -
       | currently in middle of one) I'd like to see this study done on my
       | group. I have certainly tried to be fitter in advance of current
       | treatment that started 17 days ago.
        
       | swagasaurus-rex wrote:
       | Improving the odds is a great idea. But it's naive to think these
       | are cures.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Fox was in better shape than
       | most people despite having lost a leg to cancer. He died age 22.
        
         | rixary wrote:
         | Little weird to reply with a specific incident. I didn't see
         | anywhere this was broadcasted as a cure.
        
           | bradlys wrote:
           | The top comment is currently saying that diet, exercise, and
           | a good social network are basically a cure-all to all issues
           | in western society. I'm being a bit reductive but so is the
           | comment.
        
             | minsight wrote:
             | There is a wide gulf between "pretty much the keys to good
             | health in general" and "a cure-all to all issues in western
             | society"
        
       | biotechbio wrote:
       | bioscience phd student. Why is this interesting?
       | 
       | Tl;dr from the article, they used flow cytometry to quantify
       | different cell populations in the blood, and noted that the
       | proportion of CD8+ T cells (cytotoxic, the kind of immune cells
       | that recognize and kill cancer cells, among other things)
       | increases after exercise and returns to baseline 30 min later.
       | 
       | Claiming that this supports the idea that cancer patients could
       | benefit* from exercise is a pretty big overstep of scientific
       | inference.
       | 
       | * = in the immune response to their cancer
        
         | Aune wrote:
         | If they return to baseline in 30 minutes, was there even an
         | increase to begin with? What is the mean lifetime of those
         | cytotoxic cells, and would one expect such a decay in so short
         | a time?
         | 
         | I understand that it is a very dynamic system but 30 minutes
         | seems very short to me. So is the return a die-off or where do
         | they go?
        
           | biotechbio wrote:
           | The lifespan of T cells varies from months to years (memory T
           | cells). T cell development begins in the bone marrow and
           | continues in the lymphatic tissue and periphery. During their
           | lifespan, these cells circulate in the body and migrate based
           | on chemical gradients.
           | 
           | What happens when you exercise? Blood pressure increases,
           | blood vessels dilate. I honestly would not be surprised if
           | what these authors observed was just existing T cells in
           | capillary beds being kicked up into circulation, only to
           | adhere and begin to intravasate a couple minutes later.
        
             | Aune wrote:
             | Excellent explanation, thanks.
             | 
             | That seems to translate well to my layman intuition. Would
             | there actually be a health benefit with respect to cancer
             | (or pathogenic disease) from this "T cell migration"? Is
             | there a sense in which migration of T cells spread
             | information to different parts of the body or is this just
             | not how it works?
        
       | make3 wrote:
       | It would be nice if we could find what triggers the body's
       | improved condition when doing exercise, and trigger it maximally
       | without having to do hours of repetitive nonsense.
       | 
       | It's fine if you like to do it, but a lot of us obviously don't.
       | I wonder how the progress is going in this sphere.
        
         | Freeaqingme wrote:
         | I understand where you're coming from. Recently I read someone
         | saying that "it's just like brushing your teeth, it's what your
         | body requires in order to keep functioning properly".
         | 
         | That rang a bell with me. After all, I suppose pretty much
         | everyone on HN brushes their teeth at least twice a day. That's
         | also something that you need to build into your routine,
         | somehow.
         | 
         | The same goes for exercise. If you build up routines that
         | involve exercise, then it should become easier over time as
         | habits are formed.
         | 
         | Something that doesn't help in that regard is cities where car
         | use is almost unavoidable for basic stuff. Ideally, you'd live
         | somewhere where schools and shops are near the places where
         | people live, and the streets are designed so it's safe to walk
         | or cycle. Then you could get some exercise simply by dropping
         | off the children at school or doing some grocery shopping.
         | Street design also isn't some natural phenomenon but something
         | that city councils can make conscious decisions on, so none of
         | it is a given.
        
         | themodelplumber wrote:
         | I agree, additionally from the POV that sensory attention is de
         | facto focus-stealing wrt other functionalities. General or
         | anecdotal benefits aside, it typically taxes other systems of
         | attention very heavily.
         | 
         | It's also shortsighted to nail ourselves to the cross of "yep,
         | always gonna be exercise, that's just what it takes" when that
         | potentially isn't necessary, and even worse, may prevent huge
         | steps forward in use of human potential.
         | 
         | Add to this the many cases in which exercise is not feasible or
         | safe...
         | 
         | (GPT mentions the work of Dr. Mark Tarnopolsky but I'm not
         | familiar)
        
         | its_ethan wrote:
         | I'd suggest, from experience, that maybe doing "hours of
         | repetitive nonsense" _is_ what triggers it maximally.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | You're not going to find a magic pill that allows you to get
         | away with being lazy. Whether you like to exercise or not is
         | irrelevant. Embrace the suck.
        
           | pyridines wrote:
           | There isn't one now, fine. But why shouldn't we be trying to
           | invent one?
        
         | mattwest wrote:
         | But exercise yields more benefit than just cancer prevention.
         | Don't you want to maintain strength and mobility as you age?
         | Sleep better? Build mental and physical resilience?
         | 
         | I'll wager that we won't see a substitution for exercise and
         | its benefits. Ever. It's just part of human life, and embracing
         | it is by far the healthiest mindset.
        
           | make3 wrote:
           | I'm saying, all of these. Why are they "body moving fast"
           | activated?
        
             | mattwest wrote:
             | Biology is complicated. If we start digging for mechanistic
             | underpinnings, we'll uncover thousands of genes, variants,
             | expression levels, metabolic pathways, epigenetic factors,
             | etc etc etc. None of which will result in a cure-all pill
             | or method to replace exercise and all its benefits. Just
             | not gonna happen unfortunately
        
       | JoshTko wrote:
       | Interesting exception is that there have been a number of
       | anecdotal reports of aerobic exercise during Covid recovery being
       | a major contributor to chances of getting long Covid.
        
       | bakemawaytoys wrote:
       | When I was undergoing chemotherapy to treat Hodgkin's lymphoma, I
       | tried to keep up some exercise but it was just too difficult. I
       | ended up needing to take a drug to boost my white blood cell
       | production so that treatment could continue. White blood cells
       | are produced in your bones and this drug made it feel like every
       | bone in your body was broken. It was awful.
       | 
       | Had I known this at the time, I probably would've forced myself
       | to ride my indoor stationary bike every day if it would've helped
       | avoid that immune booster drug.
        
         | martyvis wrote:
         | Probably filgrastim. I have had a daily shot the last 6 days.
        
         | ramoz wrote:
         | I take the same injections, but further take Claritin as
         | recommended and I've not experienced any bone pain. I'm also
         | younger so that may play a factor, idk.
         | 
         | I workout before & after chemo days (later days I'm mostly just
         | walking to get 10k steps).
         | 
         | Off weeks I'm cycling and lifting.
        
       | DantesKite wrote:
       | Makes sense.
       | 
       | Metabolic processes and immune pathways are closely interlinked
       | together (such as through the mTOR pathway).
       | 
       | Activate mTOR and you get the signal for T cells to proliferate
       | as well as muscle growth, especially in the context of
       | hypertrophy.
        
       | pazimzadeh wrote:
       | It would be good to know how it affects various subsets of
       | lymphocytes. Does it boost immunosuppressive lymphocytes, i.e.
       | Tregs?
       | 
       | Could the transient boost result from a boost in Tregs which
       | actually chase inflammation that is caused by exercise?
        
       | martyvis wrote:
       | I am currently lying in hospital after a so far 7 night stay. I
       | am post chemo for Hairy Cell Leukaemia treatment that commenced
       | 17 days ago. I am doing well enough but it's a struggle. ( I
       | previously was successfully treated for the same chronic
       | condition 9 years ago). My normal weight is around 80kg (I'm a
       | 59yo male). I think I got down to 79kg prior to treatment this
       | time - we actively sought exercise in the prior weeks through
       | bushwalking, walking my dog and just general DIY stuff at home. I
       | certainly this chemo campaign a lot fitter than the first time.
       | 
       | Post the first 5 days of chemo this time I dropped a kilo - it's
       | hard to maintain appetite. Managing the fever that got me
       | hospital admission meant that I have to take in a lot of fluid
       | via IV. I reached a quite bloated 83.5kg only 2 days ago. I then
       | shed 1.7kg in 1 day (no vomiting involved) - I'm sure this is
       | pretty hard to achieve through normal gym work. My goal yesterday
       | for today's weigh-in is 81kg. Though my nurse just told me she
       | administered 500ml (so 0.5kg overnight). I'm guessing being down
       | to 81.4kg is more realistic now. I couldn't exercise much
       | yesterday as I was also taking onboard a weekly chemo infusion.
       | Hopefully I'll be able to do some laps of the hospital ward
       | balcony with my trolley as I did two days ago. I definitely
       | exercise in hospital (walking) as much as my capacity allows.
        
         | sn9 wrote:
         | A lot of the daily fluctuations in weight, even in just
         | everyday life for people not in hospitals, involves changes in
         | water weight rather than actual changes in the tissue mass.
         | 
         | For example, I regularly fluctuate +/- 3lbs or so around my
         | true weight over the course of a day.
         | 
         | Looking at daily values can give a distorted picture, but if
         | you use those daily weighings to average into weekly numbers,
         | you can track changes.
        
         | toolz wrote:
         | keep at it! I hope you come out the other end a survivor and a
         | stronger person! You'll certainly have earned it.
        
       | iskander wrote:
       | Surprise twist: it's lymphoma
        
         | rukuu001 wrote:
         | And breast cancer
        
           | hooo wrote:
           | How is that related? I think he meant lymphoma because that
           | increases your WBC?
        
       | mym1990 wrote:
       | For anyone interested further in this topic and generally the
       | four horsemen(t2 diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and Alzheimer's
       | disease), the book Outlive by Peter Attia is a very good general
       | overview of factors that affect each, how medicine will need to
       | evolve to a more preventative stance to move the needle on these
       | diseases, what biomarkers are being discovered for these
       | diseases.
       | 
       | His general stance is that by the time someone is diagnosed with
       | any of these, it is far too late to have sustainable, effective
       | treatment for many.
       | 
       | Its not exactly a short read, but is very eye opening.
        
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