[HN Gopher] The effect of high-top and low-top shoes on ankle in...
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       The effect of high-top and low-top shoes on ankle inversion
       kinematics
        
       Author : luu
       Score  : 44 points
       Date   : 2023-04-30 16:04 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
        
       | fpoling wrote:
       | > 13 physical education students
       | 
       | Honestly I do not see how such study can lead to any conclusion
       | besides that more studies are necessary. The problem is not even
       | the low N, but extreme bias of participant selection. I.e. the
       | conclusion that high-ankle could be worse is only applies to
       | students of physical educations. One just cannot generalize it
       | beyond the given group.
        
         | freeone3000 wrote:
         | It's _feet_ , not a subjective experience survey. Unless you
         | have reason to believe that their ankles work differently than
         | other people's.
        
       | russellbeattie wrote:
       | When I was in high school 30 years ago I switched to low top
       | cross trainer sneakers (Bo Jackson was big then) because high
       | tops seemed to cause me sprained ankles constantly. High tops
       | never gave me any stability, and in my opinion acted as a lever
       | on my ankle, the way you'd put something tall under a long board
       | if you wanted to step on it and snap it in half. With low tops,
       | my ankle would bend/roll naturally and though it might hurt, it
       | didn't sprain my tendon. I've always assumed my ankles were just
       | weird.
        
       | engineer_22 wrote:
       | From the conclusion:
       | 
       | "These findings provide preliminary evidence suggesting that a
       | smaller muscular effort (a delayed pre-activation timing and
       | decreased amplitude of evertor muscle activity) and changed
       | proprioceptive feedback may result from wearing high-top shoes,
       | and this might be detrimental to establishing and maintaining
       | functional ankle joint stability in ankle strain situations."
       | 
       | I disagree that using lower muscular effort means the joint is
       | less stable. I would conclude the opposite, that if it takes less
       | effort to maintain balance, the ankle is more stable. Ergo, high
       | tops are more supportive.
        
       | pharmakom wrote:
       | The current trend of super high stack running shoes (38mm) is
       | interesting to see. Wouldnt be surprised to see mass rolled
       | ankles, planar fasciitis, etc. in amateur runners over the next
       | few years. Stop messing with your body's existing functionality!
        
         | cfeduke wrote:
         | Though its a current trend, these high stack running shoes have
         | been around for over a decade. My running group has oscillated
         | between this style of shoe (Hoka), NB, Brooks, and minimalist
         | shoes. I've ran over 1,000 miles in all the major brands, the
         | Hokas are really comfortable. I've also had severe rolled
         | ankles because I primarily run trails. I'd say my last injury
         | in Hokas on trail was on par with a similar injury using
         | Merrell/Vibram sole minimalist shoes. I haven't had an IT band
         | injury recurrence in the Hokas yet and I am approaching over 2K
         | miles between street and trail running so as far as that goes
         | I'm happy with them. (As any runner who is addicted to running
         | knows, IT band injuries are the absolute worst and its
         | important to do everything you can do to avoid them, except of
         | course running.)
        
         | LeifCarrotson wrote:
         | I have observed (anecdotally) an increase in calf/achilles pain
         | and knee pain reports in high school runners transitioning
         | between XC and track meets in which they're wearing ultra-
         | minimalistic spikes with negligible - often _negative!_ - heel-
         | toe drop, and training in high-stack  "cloud shoes" with
         | enormous amounts of exotic super-cushioning foam.
         | 
         | I think this is particularly unhelpful when marketing the same
         | shoe design that has essentially no material under the instep
         | or heel to elites who have the endurance and form to be poised
         | on their toes with negligible heel contact during an entire 10k
         | to 15-year-olds who will start off with grand ambitions and
         | then be slogging it in for the latter two laps of the 1600..
         | 
         | I definitely agree that runners using these "maximalist" shoes
         | exclusively are likely to experience more foot injuries if they
         | ever need to transition away from them. My coaches (from as far
         | back as...two decades ago, yikes) had us do strides on the
         | football field barefoot, as well as occasional speed workouts
         | on the track in spikes or spike flats to ensure that we were
         | not only conditioning our major leg muscle groups but also
         | smaller muscles and ligaments in the feet. If you only ever
         | train to go straight forward with even, highly cushioned
         | footfalls, and step in a pothole or on a rock when your muscles
         | are at their weakest, it's not good.
         | 
         | That said, for long, slow, distance days, I love me some cloud
         | shoes. I just make sure to switch them up with minimalist flats
         | for speed work and tempos once in a while, and to get some
         | barefoot strides in when I have access to good grass.
        
           | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
           | I run half-marathons on $55 New Balance short-tops ("regular
           | sneakers"). I don't even know what a cloud shoe is?
        
             | cfeduke wrote:
             | Hokas, not sure if there are any copycat competitors in the
             | space, there probably are.
        
               | pharmakom wrote:
               | The whole market has followed Hokas lead. If that's not
               | your jam, there are few options left.
        
             | pharmakom wrote:
             | Cloud shoes are shoes with a very high level of cushion
             | (38mm is race legal limit) and support. Some have carbon
             | fibre plates for extra bounce. Popular models from Saucony,
             | On, Hoka, Nike, etc. It is now estimated that majority of
             | amateur marathon runners are wearing them. This is in stark
             | contrast to 15 years ago when minimalist and lightweight
             | racing flats were in vogue (typically around 20mm stack for
             | endurance events).
             | 
             | If you walk into a runnning shop now, you are probably
             | leaving with a pair of cloud shoes - that's all some shops
             | sell.
        
             | alistairSH wrote:
             | Nike's version: https://media.wired.co.uk/photos/606d9e5251
             | 13453af5734514/ma...
             | 
             | If you Google Alphafly, Vaporfly, and Kipchoge, you'll get
             | all sorts of analysis on this type of shoe.
        
               | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
               | Can they run kubernetes?
        
         | cafard wrote:
         | An acquaintance liked Hokas to begin with, but found that they
         | compressed unevenly and were not so stable then.
        
       | ortusdux wrote:
       | This study was reciently highlighted in the Esquire story "The
       | Rise and Fall of the High-Top Sneaker"
       | 
       | https://www.esquire.com/style/mens-fashion/a55587/high-top-s...
       | 
       | "In 2008, Kobe Bryant, already in the league 12 years, decided
       | for the fourth shoe in his Nike Zoom Kobe line, he wanted
       | something different. "We got around to his next shoe, just
       | talking future ideas and concepts, and he point-blank said, 'I
       | want the lowest, lightest-weight basketball shoe ever,'" said
       | Eric Avar, one of Nike's superstar sneaker designers, in a video
       | interview. "'I want to prove to people that you can wear a low-
       | top basketball shoe.'"
       | 
       | "The official story, which feels sort of like a calm monologue in
       | an ad, is that Kobe, though he attended high school just outside
       | of Philadelphia, was mostly raised in Italy, and was passionate
       | about soccer. Kobe noticed that soccer players, aside from the
       | jumping unique to basketball, play in a fairly similar way to
       | basketball players: lots of quick changes in direction, a lot of
       | cutting, variation between sprinting and slower speeds, a need to
       | suddenly spring in one direction or another. And when was the
       | last time you saw a high-top soccer cleat? Is it possible that
       | high-tops aren't necessary for basketball, either?"
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | pupppet wrote:
         | Decades of high-tops and we didn't need them, just goes to show
         | these sneaker companies really have no idea what's best for the
         | customer, as long as they sell.
        
           | wilsynet wrote:
           | Same with nutrition industry. Decades of saying eggs are bad
           | for your cholesterol, but no science to back it up.
        
             | jack_pp wrote:
             | More plates more dates got his labs done and then went on a
             | diet that was high in eggs and noticed within a month that
             | his cholesterol jumped significantly. I believe it is
             | genetic
        
         | jjtheblunt wrote:
         | NFL cleats seem to vary between sneaker and high-top forms.
        
           | appleiigs wrote:
           | In my experience, the high-top add protection from being
           | stepped on by other players who are wearing cleats. Useful
           | for people who are pushing each other (NFL linemen, rugby
           | scrums). Not for protection against ankle twists.
        
             | jjtheblunt wrote:
             | that is a great point!
        
         | LeifCarrotson wrote:
         | > _And when was the last time you saw a high-top soccer cleat?_
         | 
         | Uh, last night, in our men's league? Just about every vendor of
         | soccer boots has high-top variants of all their major models,
         | it's up to player preference.
         | 
         | EG: https://www.nike.com/w/soccer-high-top-
         | shoes-1gdj0z6lqy0zy7o...
         | 
         | They're more like socks or an elastic collar that merge into
         | the tongue/upper. Some say that the slight compression makes
         | them feel better supported, but like elastic kinesio tape on
         | the skin, it's not a mechanical prohibition, more
         | psychological. Some say they're better at keeping you from
         | getting stripped out of the shoe if someone steps on your foot,
         | can't really deny that. And some say they avoid awkward bounces
         | when the ball hits high on the instep near the sharp cut-off
         | between instead of tapering in, but you already have a
         | malleolus andd shin guard; maybe don't kick the ball there?
         | 
         | It's definitely not a mechanical prevention of ankle flex like
         | ski boot or calf-height hiking boot.
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | I wouldn't call any of those high tops.
           | 
           | Like you say, they're more like a sock lining that sticks
           | out. High tops are when the main shoe material extends
           | upwards for "ankle support", like you described in your last
           | sentence.
        
             | Kon-Peki wrote:
             | My daughter swears by the Zoom Mercurials, both the turf
             | and grass versions. She says they're the most comfortable
             | soccer boots she's ever worn and she feels like she can run
             | faster in them - so yeah, it's a psychological thing, not
             | an ankle protection thing.
        
           | canadianfella wrote:
           | [dead]
        
         | dewclin wrote:
         | > And when was the last time you saw a high-top soccer cleat?
         | 
         | Interestingly (?) early football boots were very much ankle-
         | length [1], and this style continued well into the 1950's [2].
         | 
         | [1] https://www.footy-boots.com/football-boots-history/
         | 
         | [2] https://www.kraveantiques.co.uk/products/Nailed-Stud-
         | Footbal...
        
       | rollcat wrote:
       | I skate high-top shoes because they actually protect my ankles
       | from being hit by the board. I only twisted my ankle once, but
       | the board can hit it from the side a dozen times per session.
        
       | jbandela1 wrote:
       | > And when was the last time you saw a high-top soccer cleat?
       | 
       | The problem with that type of logic, is that in soccer, you
       | probably need maximum ankle range of motion to help with ball
       | control and to aim the soccer ball without telegraphing it by
       | changing your whole leg angle.
       | 
       | Thus, you may give up some ankle protection to increase your
       | ankle freedom.
       | 
       | In basketball, you do not need that kind of foot control.
       | Therefore, you should probably sacrifice some ankle freedom for
       | more ankle protection.
        
         | derekp7 wrote:
         | But you then increase the weight of the shoe. Which affects
         | running and, more importantly, jumping.
        
           | klyrs wrote:
           | I refuse to believe that a 200+lb athlete's jumping is
           | significantly impacted by a few ounces of extra weight in
           | their shoe. I could believe that rigidity in fabric around
           | the ankle has an impact.
        
             | jackmott42 wrote:
             | There is a well understood relationship between running
             | economy and small changes in shoe weight which lead to
             | important changes. So even if shoe weight had no important
             | impact on jumping performance it will save significant
             | energy over the course of a game to shave even grams off of
             | a shoe.
             | 
             | The reason for this is running involves accelerating the
             | foot, then decelerating it, over and over, and the shoe is
             | at the end of that pendulum motion. Not to mention lifting
             | it against gravity as well.
        
             | MisterBastahrd wrote:
             | When you're running over 2 miles a game, ounces count.
             | Every step you take is you lifting that extra weight in the
             | shoe. Let's say you're 6'3" and you run 2.54 miles a game
             | at a jogging pace. That's 4559 steps. If your shoe weighs
             | 2.5 ounces more, then you've lifted over 700 additional
             | pounds by the end of a game. All additional weight is going
             | to take its toll.
        
             | InitialLastName wrote:
             | Jumping, maybe not; for running, the shoe is a weight at
             | the end of an arm that needs to be accelerated
             | consistently.
             | 
             | Even if it's mostly psychological, you can absolutely feel
             | the difference with a lighter shoe.
        
       | yodon wrote:
       | Is there any similar work on hiking boots?
        
         | DiffEq wrote:
         | If one has a trail then minimalist hiking shoes or shoes in
         | general are fine. If no trail...boots are my preference. Plus a
         | good set are good for winter hiking to where you can add
         | crampons if you need.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | Winter foot gear has changed a lot. When I started it was
           | double layer end of story/end of discussion so you basically
           | has either Sorels or plastics (or mouse boots for really old
           | school).
           | 
           | These days I mostly use fairly cheap single layer insulated
           | boots with some variant of microspikes. Still have plastics
           | with step-ins. Have never bought into the newer generation of
           | high-end single layer which seem to be the non-expedition
           | norm these days.
        
         | pelagic_sky wrote:
         | Few years ago I moved to approach shoes for all
         | hiking/backpacking. I prefer using ultralight approach shoes
         | for everything (short, long, steep, multi-day), unless there is
         | snow and then I use GTX versions with trail running gaiters to
         | keep the show out.
        
         | pharmakom wrote:
         | Thru hikers have been moving to low stack trail running shoes
         | for a while. They dry faster and are more stable. I haven't
         | seen any hard data on the pros / cons, however.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | I have a pair of custom-made heavy-duty (and heavy) hiking
           | boots I use for backpacking and other strenuous hiking. But I
           | wear "trail shoes" a lot these days. I'm not sure how
           | convinced I am for a lot of weekend-to-weekend stuff that
           | high top lighter-weight boots are a major improvement given
           | equivalent soles.
        
             | fellowniusmonk wrote:
             | The problem with a lot of hiking shoes is that they are
             | still rather tall like tennis shoes, when hiking I'm not
             | "pounding the pavement", I want something puncture
             | resistant with a low center of balance and grip or tread
             | around the edges for gravel and loose rock and decent tox
             | box protection (since I have the bad habit of shuffling at
             | the end of a long day and don't want to stub my toe.)
        
             | bjtitus wrote:
             | The higher the top, the less debris ends up falling into
             | the shoe, though. Of course, you could just strap on a
             | gaiter instead as most thru-hikers do.
        
         | Kaibeezy wrote:
         | Heavily corroborated in this Wirecutter hiking boot review
         | (https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/reviews/best-hiking-
         | boots...), but NOT in the article... in the comments. One of
         | the clearest readings I have ever seen on marketing versus
         | experience. Truly eye-opening.
         | 
         | Regular people do it. Journalists do it. And AI does it up the
         | wazoo. We are all doomed.
         | 
         | Example:
         | 
         |  _This article is like a guide for choosing the best flip phone
         | with a full keyboard. The entire category is obsolete. The
         | authors are simply parroting marketing myths from twenty years
         | ago. Like an AI chatbot, the writing appears thorough, but they
         | did NOT do their research by talking to human hikers._
         | 
         |  _They looked at catalogs of products instead of examining a
         | task and finding the best tool for it._
         | 
         |  _Here 's the real story: No experienced hikers use waterproof
         | boots except in deep snow where insulation and a high top is
         | necessary. They use trail runners. Why? Because gore tex
         | membranes lead to sweaty feet, which causes blisters and damp
         | boots the next day ('waterproof' boots do get wet but take
         | forever to dry out). Boots are heavy and clunky, encouraging a
         | stompy, imprecise style that results in more slips, twists and
         | jerks in each stride._
         | 
         |  _Boots are sold because uninformed consumers demand them.
         | Boots match the aesthetic of hiking._
         | 
         |  _Ankle support is a complete myth. When you roll your ankle,
         | an inch of extra fabric is not going to resist the full
         | leverage of your body and protect your foot. What helps is a
         | more sensitive shoe that avoids the ankle roll in the first
         | place, and allows a nimble correction if it starts rolling._
         | 
         |  _In 2023, ALL experienced hikers wear trail runners unless the
         | snow is deep._
        
           | alistairSH wrote:
           | Sounds about right. Short hikes, I do in trail runners.
           | Medium hikes, I do in approach shoes. I only wear boots if
           | I'm backpacking (and that's mostly habit) or working with
           | trail tools (Macleod, ax, etc)
        
           | shepardrtc wrote:
           | I've used all three hiking and I absolutely prefer trail
           | runners. I only use waterproof shoes if I'm going in the snow
           | and even then I still don't like it.
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | The feature of the high top (non-snow) boots I like is the
           | sole/footbed rigidity. I don't want a flexible sole in the
           | backcountry, and especially not when scrambling.
           | Unfortunately the weight is a (literal) drag in a long
           | through hike. I'd be willing to use a "hiking shoe" if it had
           | a rigid foot.
           | 
           | Ironically my beloved chacos have a very stiff sole; with the
           | toe strap they give me the same traction on irregular terrain
           | and same small-rock sole protection that I get with my clunky
           | boots. I did a five day trip with them in the Desolation
           | Wilderness and it was pretty good, except of course as a
           | sandal I got sharp crud _over_ the sole. Also they are pretty
           | heavy for sandals.
           | 
           | It seems like the high top winter boots have less stiff
           | soles. If it's not too cold and I want to make distance I
           | have used my leather summer boots with the snowshoes.
           | 
           | It's hard to do a lot of A/B testing in these cases as you
           | can't do a five day through hike every weekend.
        
           | apelapan wrote:
           | Someone on the internet says that. While I, also a person on
           | the internet, prefer boots for hiking and find that most
           | people I meet on hikes are also wearing boots of various
           | kinds.
           | 
           | I do bring a pair of "trail sneakers" to change into whenever
           | I put down the heavy backpack. They are much better for
           | walking, but I don't like them when carrying.
        
             | Kaibeezy wrote:
             | I supplied one example of what was a steady drumbeat
             | through many comments, many of which provided meaningful
             | facts and analysis. Yes, of course, internet people say
             | whatever. But you can probably sense when the reliability
             | goes up and down, and I sensed this info seemed good enough
             | to mention. Have a look, maybe.
        
           | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
           | > Ankle support is a complete myth
           | 
           | I remember being told this (in 2000?) by one of the sales
           | people in the shoe department at REI so it was being said at
           | least for the last 23 years. A rigid sole is what he said was
           | most important for stability.
        
           | fpoling wrote:
           | Anecdotally the worst leg injury during hiking I heard off
           | was from a guy in a very expensive hiking boots. Basically he
           | slipped and his foot stuck between two stones while the body
           | continued to move resulting in a broken bone. If he would
           | wear a low ankle in the worst case he would twisted the
           | ankle, but most likely he would get just a bruise from the
           | ankle impacting the stones.
        
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