[HN Gopher] The moon dust problem facing scientists
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       The moon dust problem facing scientists
        
       Author : pseudolus
       Score  : 74 points
       Date   : 2023-04-29 16:43 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bbc.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bbc.com)
        
       | mncharity wrote:
       | For contrast, here are zoomable grains of lunar regolith[1] and
       | random Earth sand[2]. Thus the insane abrasiveness, and use of
       | crushed rock for simulant.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://virtualmicroscope.org/sites/default/files/html5Asset...
       | [2]
       | https://www.virtualmicroscope.org/sites/default/files/html5A...
        
       | tempodox wrote:
       | Actual title: " _Why scientists are making fake Moon dust_ "
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | According to Cave Johnson, moon dust is also quite toxic.
        
         | doodlesdev wrote:
         | It also just happens to be a great portal conductor.
        
         | teddyh wrote:
         | (Quote from the 2011 computer game _Portal 2_ , said by the
         | fictional character "Cave Johnson", voiced by J. K. Simmons)
        
           | doodlesdev wrote:
           | > Alright, I've been thinking. When life gives you lemons,
           | don't make lemonade! Make life take the lemons back! Get mad!
           | I don't want your damn lemons; what am I supposed to do with
           | these? Demand to see life's manager! Make life rue the day it
           | thought it could give Cave Johnson lemons! Do you know who I
           | am? I'm the man who's gonna burn your house down... with the
           | lemons! I'm gonna get my engineers to invent a combustible
           | lemon that burns your house down!
        
       | uguuo_o wrote:
       | I work on the field. Moon dust presents quite unique challenges
       | that have been and continue to be studied at NASA and private
       | industry. Regolith gets charge/discharge cycle that naturally
       | pushes the smallest particles upwards. This plus whatever
       | material is forced during landing, regolith will be around any
       | potential structures and equipment that we bring to the moon. The
       | problem is that it gets through seals, it attaches to equipment
       | like sensors and communication, all causing failures. There are
       | many potential solutions, all that are actively being explored at
       | NASA and industry that include active and passive methods. Active
       | include using electromagnetic fields to remove particles. Passive
       | are using materials and/or manual mechanism. It is a very
       | interesting problem that likely requires very radical active
       | solutions.
        
         | gibolt wrote:
         | Solutions will be quickly iterated once we have feet on the
         | Moon. Hopefully within a few years of that, there will be cheap
         | and reliable solutions. Being able to test with real humans
         | will go so much faster than sandbox tests on Earth.
        
           | MengerSponge wrote:
           | Awfully optimistic to think that inhabited settlements can
           | withstand a few years of unmitigated regolith exposure
        
             | gibolt wrote:
             | Could be visit and return trips. Just need repeat
             | opportunities to trial various solutions with a person
             | there to inspect/return the results.
        
           | lostlogin wrote:
           | Speaking of sandbox testing, here in New Zealand we have a
           | lot of beaches with black iron sand.
           | 
           | It's very fine and gets absolutely everywhere. A layer is
           | often in beachside houses. You see it in the toilets, it's in
           | cars, in electronics near beaches, it's in your hair days
           | later.
           | 
           | It's stuck inside MRI scanners around town (I work with
           | them).
           | 
           | A finer dust would be a nightmare, as iron sand is bad
           | enough.
        
         | hackernewds wrote:
         | Regolith seems to be an issue that is pervasive to unsealed
         | containers. Doesn't it pose an equal harm then through human
         | orifices by respiration etc?
        
           | uguuo_o wrote:
           | Yes. The NASA reports that study the potential effects on
           | health do conclude that due to its particle shape, size, and
           | composition, the fine regolith particles pose a significant
           | danger to human health in prolonged exposure.
        
           | jmclnx wrote:
           | I thought I read many years ago there is a concern with
           | breathing regolith in. Because regolith is _not_ kind of
           | "smooth" like particles here on Earth, they can get stuck in
           | the lungs causing various health issues.
        
             | syngrog66 wrote:
             | ie. like asbestos causing lung cancer
        
         | hcrisp wrote:
         | They are looking at new seal designs, like an inner
         | labyrinthine seal covered by a series of other seals.
        
           | uguuo_o wrote:
           | Yes, new seal designs have been proposed and prototyped over
           | the years. As far as I know, so take it with a huge grain of
           | salt, no particular design is as of yet hailed as the
           | solution to this problem. There have been multiple NASA
           | technical briefings on the subject since Apollo, with the
           | last one I have seen just a few years ago. These take into
           | account all known solutions proposed by industry and NASA,
           | and the problem just seems to get worse the more we learn
           | about lunar regolith and the lunar environment.
        
       | heisenbit wrote:
       | What parts of the spectrum are affected by the dust?
        
       | neilv wrote:
       | > _One of the world 's largest producers is the Florida-based
       | Exolith Lab which, since its founding in 2017, has produced 80
       | tonnes (176,370lbs) of lunar and Martian soil simulants._
       | 
       | > _[...] But if you do find a good simulant, it can be worth it.
       | The closest matches range in price from $45 (PS36) to $150
       | (PS120) per kg (2.2lbs)._
       | 
       | How well are these producers of lunar soil simulants are
       | _containing_ it? Any increased incidence of lung cancer /disease
       | in downwind towns?
        
       | gibolt wrote:
       | Are there any known positive benefits or applications for moon
       | dust?
       | 
       | Could exporting some back to earth be useful for anything other
       | than research of the Moon's past or how to better survive there
        
         | asdfman123 wrote:
         | It's extraordinarily expensive to transport it back to earth,
         | so almost certainly not. It's just ground up rock, and we've
         | got plenty of rock on earth.
        
       | xony wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | harimau777 wrote:
       | I did an internship at NASA where I worked on mitigating moon
       | dust. Something that the article doesn't mention is that, without
       | an atmosphere, solar rays electrically charge the dust causing it
       | to stick to everything. I remember reading a series of after
       | action reports from each of the lunar landings discussing how
       | they dealt with the dust. Eventually they started just opening
       | the door after the left the moon so that the dust got sucked out
       | into the vacuum.
       | 
       | It was explained to me that if humanity ever tried to build a
       | long term station on the moon, dealing with dust would be one of
       | the biggest challenges.
        
         | dreen wrote:
         | What other solutions were discussed? Are there any crazy ones?
         | 
         | My favourite idea is to somehow apply massive amounts of heat
         | to the lunar surface basically melting the given area. Since
         | there is no wind you won't get new dust there.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | Probably simpler to spray some kind of adhesive.
        
             | sbierwagen wrote:
             | You're mass-constrained on the Moon. A big parabolic mirror
             | could (slowly) fuse an unlimited amount of regolith.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | New dust is constantly showing up, so it's still a finite
               | area.
               | 
               | https://sservi.nasa.gov/articles/leaping-lunar-dust/
        
           | CoastalCoder wrote:
           | Chairface Chippendale was just ahead of his time!
        
           | wolfram74 wrote:
           | Not wind as we deal with on earth, but that same process that
           | electrically charges the dust also moves it enough that
           | there's a large cloud of sodium atoms in it it's shadow[0].
           | That and other elements do travel a bit around the surface.
           | Unsure what kind of fluxes we'd have to deal with, but
           | keeping an area dust free would involve some constant effort.
           | 
           | [0]https://carlschmidt.science/Moon/Moon.html
        
         | imglorp wrote:
         | There are several projects to electrostatically repel charged
         | dust from surfaces.
         | 
         | My search foo is failing but one of the space youtubers got a
         | live demo in a lab where some dust was applied to a treated
         | material and then a current was applied: the dust flew off
         | instantly.
        
           | kibwen wrote:
           | I believe this is the video:
           | https://youtube.com/watch?v=0k9wIsKKgqo
        
             | imglorp wrote:
             | Yes, thanks.
        
           | GrumpyNl wrote:
           | Every day this effect is shown in commercials for the
           | "swiffer".
        
         | [deleted]
        
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