[HN Gopher] Live Starlink Satellite and Coverage Map
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Live Starlink Satellite and Coverage Map
        
       Author : rvnx
       Score  : 369 points
       Date   : 2023-04-29 01:33 UTC (21 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (satellitemap.space)
 (TXT) w3m dump (satellitemap.space)
        
       | kylecazar wrote:
       | Seeing this visualized makes it more impressive...
       | 
       | I'm not a user though, so I can't testify to the problems people
       | have been having.
        
       | praveen9920 wrote:
       | I'm curious about how can they ensure connectivity for a
       | particular area. Is it just that they place a bunch of satellites
       | in orbits and hope that they have enough density? Or is there a
       | method to the madness?
       | 
       | I am assuming a single satellite covers very small area, in this
       | case a single hexagonal area
        
         | crote wrote:
         | The orbits are designed in such a way that the satellites are
         | uniformly spread across the earth, with each part of the earth
         | having at least one sat covering it at all times. That's the
         | easy part: just launch enough satellites for your orbit
         | altitude.
         | 
         | The tricky part is ensuring sufficient bandwidth. You either
         | have to launch additional satellites so that there are 1/2/3/4
         | sats above every location at the same time, or increase the
         | per-sat bandwidth. The former is probably a good idea anyways
         | for redundancy, but costs a lot of money.
         | 
         | Increasing the bandwidth per sat is _reasonably_ easy. They use
         | phased antenna arrays to send a highly directional signal back
         | to earth, which reduces congestion between different areas
         | covered by the same sat at the same time. The limiting factor
         | is probably the downlink back to earth via a ground station -
         | there is only so much data you can reliably pump through a
         | single connection. Their initial set had a 20Gbit downlink[0],
         | but their newest ones can do 4x as much[1]. This bandwidth has
         | to be shared by all people covered by the same sat.
         | 
         | So yeah, launch more sats and upgrade the downlink as required.
         | 
         | [0]: http://www.satmagazine.com/story.php?number=1026762698
         | [1]:
         | https://www.satellitetoday.com/broadband/2023/02/27/spacex-s...
        
           | praveen9920 wrote:
           | So, I guess it would become a tricky thing for Starlink if
           | there are a high number of customers around the same location
           | and network congestion becomes a real issue similar to mobile
           | data networks.
        
         | walrus01 wrote:
         | The satellites are in constant high speed motion, this is not
         | like geostationary at all. Coverage is a factor of simultaneous
         | density of satellites over an area at my given moment in time,
         | beam forming, and trunk link to earth station capacity.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | The orbits are designed to maximize coverage; it's clearer if
         | you look at the orbital parameters instead of a globe, where
         | you can see that satellites are evenly spaced:
         | https://imgur.com/a/aReh0EQ The details are complicated, but
         | each satellite can see quite a large area and any given spot on
         | the ground is within range of 3-4 satellites.
        
           | jessriedel wrote:
           | That's not what that chart shows. The satellites are not
           | evenly spaced over the globe. Most of the satellites are in
           | 53 degree inclination orbits: those orbits have zero coverage
           | at greater than 53 degrees latitude, and they have non-
           | uniform coverage of smaller latitudes. (To see this, consider
           | a constellation of 90 degree inclination polar orbits: the
           | poles clearly have a higher density of satellites than the
           | equator. Similar is true for lower-inclination orbits, albeit
           | to a less extreme degree.)
        
             | lutorm wrote:
             | _those orbits have zero coverage at greater than 53 degrees
             | latitude_
             | 
             | That's not actually true -- the horizon distance at those
             | altitudes is several thousand km, and one degree of
             | latitude is about 100km, so the satellites are actually
             | visible quite far to the north of there. Of course, they'll
             | be increasingly far away and close to the horizon, so not
             | optimal for reception.
        
               | jessriedel wrote:
               | Agreed
        
           | praveen9920 wrote:
           | This makes sense. Thank you for the image
        
       | botanical wrote:
       | In South Africa we have the Square Kilometre Array in the Meerkat
       | National Park; I sincerely hope it doesn't come here. We don't
       | need it polluting our skies. Fibre should be rolled out for
       | internet access, not another unsensible Musk dream
        
         | SECProto wrote:
         | That really isn't how orbits work... At any given time, there
         | are as many starlink satellites overhead at Meerkat National
         | Park as there are at any other point in the world around 30*
         | north or south.
        
           | botanical wrote:
           | There's currently one in the vicinity. It would get worse as
           | demand rises
        
         | hnau wrote:
         | Starlink is already wreaking havoc on the night sky for every
         | part of the planet inhabited by humans and it is only going to
         | get worse. Unfortunately this is not getting much attention
         | from anywhere besides the astronomy community and they are
         | largely ignored because their funding is dwarfed by venture
         | capital funds.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | The main reason it's mostly astronomers who care and they're
           | being ignored is that it's not even close to "havoc".
           | 
           | I grew up near Portsmouth in the UK. Most nights, the stars
           | were hidden by the kind of orange glow that a political
           | cartoonist would use for Donald Trump's face, thanks to all
           | the sodium vapour street lamps.
           | 
           | Things are so much better than they used to be (also I've
           | moved) but that childhood memory? Most don't even think of
           | _that_ as  "havoc".
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | No, they're ignored because people who can't otherwise get
           | decent Internet want it.
        
         | kortilla wrote:
         | Bad news, it's already over "your sky" because it's how LEO
         | works.
         | 
         | > Fibre should be rolled out for internet access, not another
         | unsensible Musk dream
         | 
         | You want to roll fiber through national forests and parks to
         | serve a few rural people? How do you prefer the ocean faring
         | population to get access?
        
           | botanical wrote:
           | Why does it have to go through the parks? And radio towers
           | work just as well, it doesn't have to be a satellite hundreds
           | of kilometres up in the sky. Ships already have access to
           | internet through satellites already, there doesn't have to be
           | even more
           | 
           | EDIT. I meant why does the fibre have to through parks as a
           | reason for having starlink
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | Other satellites and ground-based radio towers do as much
             | damage to the abilities of the Square Kilometre Array and
             | other radio astronomy as Starlink.
        
             | defrost wrote:
             | The constallations are spread for coverage and are in low
             | earth orbits for signal strength, like sharks they have to
             | stay in motion .. and many of the orbits are "precessing"
             | .. they go about the earth and that great circle "ring"
             | itself is turning - physics dictates that they go over all
             | the surface sooner or later.
             | 
             | The SKA proposal is that comms constellation satellites
             | switch themselves off (stop transmitting) when over the
             | S.African and W.Australian SKA exclusion zones.
        
           | jrockway wrote:
           | > How do you prefer the ocean faring population to get
           | access?
           | 
           | Just get one of those big rolls of fiber they use to lay
           | undersea cables and let it unwind as you sail. Mmm, terabits
           | per second!
        
         | mardifoufs wrote:
         | Yet starlink is available where broadband sometimes isn't, so
         | the insensible dreams seem to be coming from those who expect
         | broadband to be deployed even in the most remote parts of the
         | world (not necessarily talking about the place you mentioned,
         | but I certainly wouldn't expect broadband in places like a
         | remote cabin in the woods here in Quebec, or in a lake hunting
         | station).
         | 
         | Who cares if Elon is beyond this? I remember thinking how
         | ridiculous it was that everything he did was overhyped and
         | treated as the next revolution. But in a lot of ways discarding
         | an amazing technology like starlink and being against it to own
         | the musk is somehow even weirder to me. It's such a
         | profoundly... online (terminally online perhaps?) outlook at
         | things.
         | 
         | Like some people are unironically not buying Tesla's and openly
         | saying that they went for a car they liked less just because
         | the guy is a clown on twitter. Reminds me of conservatives who
         | spite themselves just to own the libs in a weirdly self
         | defeating way
        
           | botanical wrote:
           | Why are you framing it as a hate Musk endeavour? So weird.
           | It's pollute the sky because some people are on the hype
           | train. The answer is already radio towers, they can be
           | installed anywhere.
           | 
           | We have cheap fibre rolled out throughout South Africa, but
           | now the Square Kilometre Array (which previously had complete
           | radio silence) must deal with this nonsense flying overhead.
        
             | mardifoufs wrote:
             | But it does not pollute the sky. I don't think my issue
             | about people hating Elon! That's more than fine. It's just
             | that he is polarizing, so it seems like misconceptions and
             | immaculate info about stuff he is involved in are believed
             | very fast and spread very wide. In this case I don't think
             | starlink satellites ever caused long term light/space
             | population and even first gen sats (that didn't get any
             | "cloaking" to avoid reflecting light) aren't visible after
             | they reached their long term orbit.
             | 
             | Even for space debris, I've not seen any credible source
             | that argues the satellites won't easily re enter the
             | atmosphere when they reach their end lives. Leaving little
             | space junk behind.
             | 
             | Fwiw for the most part, i don't really care about the cool
             | stuff Elon gets to put his "brand name on" I just find
             | starlink super neat! Especially since they actually managed
             | to get the inter satellite laser "fabric" working well
             | which which is a concept that I find extremely neat. That's
             | probably the extent of my biais.
        
             | devit wrote:
             | Radio towers are at much lower altitude, so you need way
             | more of them than satellites to cover the whole planet.
             | Also you need permission on land and you need a boat in
             | addition to the tower on the sea. Plus always having line
             | of sight to the tower is harder unless you make them extra
             | tall. I assume that makes them much more expensive and is
             | why cell phone coverage is not global.
        
         | defrost wrote:
         | Also here in Western Australia - as the SKA is a widely
         | distributed radio array and sits here in the Murchison
         | exclusion zone [1].
         | 
         | The _hope_ is that _all_ constellation satellite operators (not
         | just Starlink) will adjust their reflective profile to reduce
         | the visual spectrum noise pollution _and_ honor an agreement to
         | shut down all comms when passing over radio astronomy exclusion
         | zones.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.industry.gov.au/science-technology-and-
         | innovatio...
        
       | charles_f wrote:
       | I never realized how many of these buggers there are. It's just
       | impressive of how much a quasi-disposable-commodity small
       | satellites these are.
       | 
       | What is the data source?
        
         | stainablesteel wrote:
         | idk any sources but i've always seen it as a weapon
         | 
         | enemies of the us will not be able to turn off the internet in
         | their own countries if the us wants it, giving power to rebels
         | to coordinate outside of government-controlled connections
        
         | walrus01 wrote:
         | NORAD publishes orbit element data for everything launched.
         | 
         | https://www.google.com/search?q=norad%20tle&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-...
        
       | ldng wrote:
       | Before the Dyson sphere, the Musk sphere ?
        
       | daneel_w wrote:
       | Is this accurate? Starlink has since a while back offered service
       | in most of Sweden, but that doesn't align with this map.
        
         | kalefranz wrote:
         | Starlink's own map of world coverage availability is at
         | https://www.starlink.com/map
        
       | VadimPR wrote:
       | Not much coverage for the Nordics which is interesting.
        
       | aaron695 wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | amir734jj wrote:
       | I did something similar for my SpaceX interview:
       | 
       | Website: https://threejs-earth-
       | satellites.vercel.app/05_equatorial_pl...
       | 
       | Github: https://github.com/amir734jj/threejs-earth-satellites
       | 
       | Beam Planner: https://github.com/amir734jj/beam-planner
        
         | tornato7 wrote:
         | Pretty neat - did you get the job?
        
           | amir734jj wrote:
           | I didn't like the company culture but loved the engineering
           | behind the scene. Awesome company.
        
       | bhaney wrote:
       | It never stops surprising me how quickly satellites in LEO move
        
         | ineedasername wrote:
         | If they didn't move so fast then the Great Filter would catch
         | them.
         | 
         |  _#downvoteswelcomethestupidjokeisworthit_
        
           | itsyaboi wrote:
           | Asking a redditor to abstain from shitty jokes is like
           | expecting Pavlov's dog to not drool at the sound of a bell.
        
       | mikekij wrote:
       | As impressive as the number of Starlink satellites is, the
       | service has become unusable for me in Southern California,
       | particularly for video calls. I've been told that the bottleneck
       | is land stations, not satellites. Either way, I've had to cancel
       | my Starlink service both at home and work.
        
         | George83728 wrote:
         | SpaceX have sought approval for 12,000 satellites, with a
         | possible extension to 42,000. Right now they have less than
         | 4,000. I think they have substantially fewer satellites than
         | they believe they require, and the service is probably doomed
         | in the long run if they can't get Starship flying.
        
         | fooker wrote:
         | It's not really a service meant for SoCal, but I'm sure they
         | see it as a valuable stress test.
        
           | noncoml wrote:
           | Every time Starlink comes up it's the same argument. "It's
           | not meant for high population density areas"
           | 
           | Without the "high population density areas" it is simply not
           | economically viable
        
             | ryzvonusef wrote:
             | > Without the "high population density areas" it is simply
             | not economically viable
             | 
             | That's their headache, and does not negate the previous
             | point.
        
             | randomcarbloke wrote:
             | Yeah, I guess "it's not meant for high population density
             | areas" argument would work if rurals didn't also have
             | garbage service on Starlink.
        
               | TinkersW wrote:
               | I have used it regularly in a rural area, it works
               | amazingly better than what was available prior, and keeps
               | improving as more satellites are launched.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | If nothing other than 1 Gbit fiber will satisfy you I
               | guess Starlink isn't that great. But, honestly, my wired
               | broadband 50 miles outside of one of the largest cities
               | in the Northeast isn't 100% reliable and near-infinitely
               | fast either.
               | 
               | As in your case, my brother's house basically didn't
               | really have Internet before though was finally get able
               | to get a Verizon hotspot which "worked" but you couldn't
               | really stream video, for example, because of data costs.
               | Now, it's completely practical to work from there as well
               | as have access to Internet entertainment etc. options
               | which simply wasn't the case before.
        
             | 7952 wrote:
             | But it doesn't necessarily need high subscriber rates in
             | any one place to make lots of money. If you just focus on
             | those high population areas, 1.7 billion people live in
             | cities. If you can sell to a few in a thousand then you
             | will have several million subscribers across the world and
             | they will likely be wealthier people. And then there are
             | cruise ships, airliners, oil rigs, ski chalets, military
             | compounds, backhauling WiFi for musical festivals, and
             | millions of people living in the woods with rubbish DSL.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Furthermore, a lot of people seem to think the world is
               | divided into Manhattans and log cabins in the woods
               | someplace. In fact, a huge number in the US and
               | presumably elsewhere live nearby small cities etc., have
               | electricity and maybe other utilities, but don't have
               | what most people would consider decent Internet access.
        
             | kortilla wrote:
             | Based on what? What user count do you think Starlink needs
             | to be economically viable?
             | 
             | Napkin math time because the economics for satellites are
             | not intuitive compared to stuff where density is better.
             | 
             | 10% of the surface of the earth is inhabited by people. 510
             | million square kilometers * .1 is 51 million square
             | kilometers. At a service density of only one user per
             | square kilometer, that's 51 million users for regular
             | service.
             | 
             | Setting that aside, do you care to guess how much an oil
             | rig in the North Sea will pay for Internet? And that user
             | will put roughly the same load as Ted in SoCal will on the
             | network.
             | 
             | Satellite Internet is not for people in cities, period.
             | Starlink, viasat, whatever.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | I have no idea, but this company has subsea cables across
               | many North Sea oil rigs. Maybe they are laid as part of
               | the pipelines.
               | 
               | https://www.tampnet.com/oil-gas
        
               | twosdai wrote:
               | I agree with you, and your 2nd point about the b2b areas
               | being important.
               | 
               | However I think the general math you do needs a bit more
               | nuance. You'd want to exclude all people living in cities
               | so you'd need to exclude the land mass taken up by cities
               | to get a more accurate estimate.
               | 
               | Also I'm not sure where you get the 10% number from for
               | people inhabiting the world. From this report they talk
               | about humans impacting 15% of the landmass
               | https://www.visualcapitalist.com/mapped-human-impact-on-
               | the-...
               | 
               | Again, I agree with your point but I'm skeptical about
               | your back of the napkin math.
        
             | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
             | it's probably economically viable without selling to
             | consumers at all. if they get planes boats and military,
             | that on it's own would be plenty to sustain it
        
               | Thlom wrote:
               | I doubt it. The ongoing operational costs of a mega
               | constellation like this is huge and I doubt they will be
               | able to sell their services to maritime, aviation and
               | military sectors at a much higher price than existing
               | operators.
               | 
               | They will also meet hefty competition the next few years
               | from Amazon Kuiper, Oneweb and I assume existing
               | operators are scrambling to meet the competition.
               | Interesting times.
        
               | 7952 wrote:
               | But at this point in their plan it doesn't matter if they
               | undercut existing providers. If the marginal cost of the
               | extra client is small enough then it is just extra
               | revenue. And you get the clients operations dependant on
               | that extra bandwidth that they won't want to give up.
        
               | mlindner wrote:
               | They already sell it to maritime and aviation sectors at
               | significantly less than existing operators, though
               | significantly more than the regular service.
        
               | fooker wrote:
               | Most operating costs estimates assume that sending up
               | more satellites is an expensive proposition.
               | 
               | For starlink, its not. Maybe for the first time in
               | history.
        
       | LightBug1 wrote:
       | Like a planetary rash ... over the long term, the fever will get
       | rid of this.
        
       | zolosa wrote:
       | Once China launches it's own 13000 satellite in the coming year
       | then we will start hearing about Kessler syndrome.
       | 
       | Till then it's a beautiful sight to behold.
        
         | oittaa wrote:
         | Why? Are they going to use higher orbits?
        
         | throwaway2037 wrote:
         | First, I assume SpaceX Falcon 9 is the only large resuable
         | rocket in the world. Without reusable rockets, how could any
         | massive array of satellites be economical? (If for military,
         | ignore this post.) Look at all the other big satellite arrays
         | owned by private industry. The return on investment is awful.
        
       | 2h wrote:
       | > $120/mo for service and $599 for hardware
       | 
       | Noope. no thank you.
       | 
       | https://www.starlink.com/
        
         | 0xffff2 wrote:
         | This service is not for you if that is your reaction. Until
         | recently I lived in a location where there is literally no
         | other option capable of supporting Teams calls. Before Starlink
         | I rented a second house in a "nearby" (49 minutes each way)
         | town to use as an office. Comparatively, Starlink is a
         | phenomenal deal.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | Frankly, Starlink seems underpriced for the people whose
           | alternative is long latency, limited data, and itself
           | expensive options.
        
           | charcircuit wrote:
           | What does competition look like for Starlink? Will
           | competitors have to launch their own mesh of satellites? If
           | you want to actually have your own IPv4 address you will have
           | to pay $250 per month + $2500 for the terminal. This is
           | despite the fact an IPv4 address only costs them a one time
           | cost of about $40.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | sgtnoodle wrote:
             | For a slight latency cost, you could always VPN to an
             | endpoint in the cloud with a routable IP address.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | It's ridiculous to need to add that many hops just to do
               | something as basic as receive a packet from someone else
               | on the internet.
        
               | sgtnoodle wrote:
               | Well, as was said, you could just pay more for the
               | service that includes a routable IP address.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | I'm pointing out that there is a market inefficiency if I
               | have to pay over $100 a month to be able to lease
               | something that is worth only $40.
        
               | sgtnoodle wrote:
               | It seems like it would cost about $10/month to set up a
               | public IP address through a service like NordVPN. You
               | would take a bit of a latency hit, but presumably on the
               | order of milliseconds.
               | 
               | If you're serving something latency sensitive, you can
               | run your server in the cloud closer to the trunk of the
               | internet, or you can pay SpaceX $100 month to shave off
               | the latency.
               | 
               | It seems like SpaceX probably doesn't want people running
               | servers on the starlink network for no good reason. So,
               | their pricing doesn't seem like market inefficiency to
               | me. It just seems like them charging a fair price for
               | their service.
               | 
               | Hopefully they get IPv6 working soon? Then you'll at
               | least be able to route your own personal stuff without
               | NAT punch-through.
        
             | mardifoufs wrote:
             | I think the closest they have to a competitor is oneweb,
             | which hasn't completed the roll out for their first
             | constellation yet. They are surprisingly close though, and
             | could've been able to actually have an operational internet
             | service if it wasn't for a scrapped launch related to the
             | Russian invasion.
             | 
             | I remember thinking they were basically dead, but they have
             | recovered surprisingly well. Though their satellites are
             | more likely to remain in space since they don't deorbit as
             | easily as starlink. Otherwise the "traditional" satellite
             | internet providers don't really even count as actual
             | competitors.
             | 
             | Also, I thought starlink didn't provide customers with IP
             | addresses and that the whole thing was going through a
             | CGNAT and the sats themselves used private internal
             | addresses. Even starlink business users don't get a static
             | IP, just a publically addressable one through DHCP that
             | could in theory change at any time more or less. That means
             | that the premium is most probably due to the added
             | complexity that comes with making some of their network
             | publically addressable rather than having anything to do
             | with IPv4 costs. From what I'm reading they also seem to be
             | working on ipv6 support (soon(tm)), which is hopefully
             | going to make IPv4 pricing matter a lot less for users.
             | Until then they are probably limited by their CGNAT
             | architecture.
             | 
             | I'll look it up since it could've been just some launch
             | date speculation.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | IPv6 is not a solution when there still is a lot of
               | people whose networks don't support it. Making the
               | network publicly routable shouldn't be any more complex
               | than any other ISP which seem to do this just fine.
        
               | mardifoufs wrote:
               | Wait, I don't know tons about networking but my
               | impression was rhat CGNAT basically does not allow your
               | users to be publically addressable? Have I misunderstood
               | what CGNAT does, or it just that they should've used a
               | publically addressable architecture in the first place?
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | CGNAT has multiple users share a single IP address which
               | means that there needs to be some logic to know which
               | user an incoming packet should go to which is why they
               | are normally not publicly addressable. Not all ISPs use
               | CGNAT though.
               | 
               | >just that they should've used a publically addressable
               | architecture in the first place?
               | 
               | I would be okay if there was a way to get assigned a
               | dedicated, though not necessarily a static one, IP
               | address that was not at a massive margin.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | IPv6 is 24.5 years old.
               | 
               | When there's enough time for you to conceive a new child,
               | send them through school, then university, then most of a
               | PhD program...
               | 
               | If your network equipment supplier doesn't support the
               | tech, demand better of them rather than blaming the ISP
               | that's specifically intended for people who weren't being
               | properly served until now anyway.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | >IPv6 is 24.5 years old.
               | 
               | And Chinese is hundreds of years old and I still don't
               | know it. People don't invest into supporting things the
               | instant they release.
               | 
               | >If your network equipment supplier...
               | 
               | In this hypothetical my network supplier would, but
               | someone who is trying to connect isn't. IPv6 isn't even
               | at 50% support in the US. That means if you want your
               | friend group to all connect to your server there is a
               | very good chance that some of them will not be able to.
               | What are you supposed to tell them? That they should
               | complain to their ISP?
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > People don't invest into supporting things the instant
               | they release.
               | 
               | Virtually every other aspect of the tech world, including
               | networking, has managed to update multiple times in the
               | intervening years.
               | 
               | We don't (mostly) use dialup; we switched from 2G to 3G
               | to 4G and now to 5G mobile telephony since then; HTTP has
               | been mostly deprecated for HTTPS and the cryptography
               | standards for the latter have changed; etc.
               | 
               | > What are you supposed to tell them? That they should
               | complain to their ISP?
               | 
               | Yes.
               | 
               | I mean, what, is their ISP also using Windows 98 on a 486
               | chip running at 75 MHz with 8 meg of RAM and a 500 meg
               | hard drive, and software patches being passed around on
               | floppy disks? Because that's what the tech world looked
               | like when we should've started refusing to buy products
               | and services that were IPv4-only.
               | 
               | Today?
               | 
               | Today, this kind of nonsense has gone on _far too long_.
               | It was obvious even during my degree ~20 years ago that
               | IPv4-to-6 transition should have already been finished by
               | the time I even learned about it. As there are now far
               | more devices on the internet than IPv4 addresses, I would
               | go further and say that _normal ISPs should be banned by
               | law from using IPv4_ -- if we 're going to do that for
               | which type of USB connector personal electronics use, why
               | not this?
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | >has managed to update multiple times in the intervening
               | years.
               | 
               | Not fully though. There is typically some amount of
               | people who still haven't updated and at name point you
               | just end up ending support for them.
               | 
               | >we switched from 2G to 3G to 4G and now to 5G mobile
               | telephony since then; HTTP has been mostly deprecated for
               | HTTPS
               | 
               | These solves real problems for consumers. IPv6 doesn't.
               | CGNAT has turned out to be good enough for most people.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > These solves real problems for consumers. IPv6 doesn't.
               | 
               | Apart from the problem of "we _literally_ can 't have all
               | of you online at the same time in v4, y'all have too many
               | devices".
               | 
               | Not that normal people should have to care about CNAT vs
               | IPv6, but you act like the correct solution is an
               | unacceptable horror story and the sticky plaster is
               | panacea.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | >"we literally can't have all of you online at the same
               | time in v4, y'all have too many devices".
               | 
               | CGNAT solves that problem. The issue is more that all of
               | your devices can't act as servers on the internet. Most
               | people on the internet don't have a desire to run a
               | server. So really the 4 billion cap of IPv4 is more about
               | 4 billion different servers than 4 billion client
               | devices.
               | 
               | >but you act like the correct solution is an unacceptable
               | horror story
               | 
               | No, I am acting like the correct solution doesn't have
               | any incentives to be implemented.
        
               | genewitch wrote:
               | I lost where someone mentioned ipv6, but I get a 2605:
               | ipv6 address on starlink, so it already exists and works
               | fine.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | $120/month is about what I pay for wired Internet about 40
         | miles outside of a major metro in the US) and about half what I
         | pay for electricity.
         | 
         | It hardly seems excessive to get Internet where the alternative
         | for a lot of people is nothing or at least nothing that lets
         | you stream video, music, etc.
        
       | diimdeep wrote:
       | Now do live map with latency measurement through Starlink
       | 
       | New York City - New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and NASDAQ Stock
       | Market
       | 
       | Tokyo - Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE)
       | 
       | Shanghai - Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE)
       | 
       | Hong Kong - Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKEX)
       | 
       | London - London Stock Exchange (LSE)
       | 
       | Toronto - Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX)
       | 
       | Mumbai - Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange
       | of India (NSE)
       | 
       | Frankfurt - Frankfurt Stock Exchange (FWB)
       | 
       | Paris - Euronext Paris
       | 
       | Sydney - Australian Securities Exchange (ASX)
        
       | ezconnect wrote:
       | That's a lot of junk orbiting earth.
        
         | K5EiS wrote:
         | I think you would be surprised if you saw how much debris there
         | is up there. These satelites are at least providing value to
         | people.
        
         | pjscott wrote:
         | Those are functioning communication satellites, not yet junk.
         | At the end of their (fairly short) planned lifetimes, they will
         | use their maneuvering thrusters to de-orbit. And even if that
         | fails, they're in a low enough orbit that they'll naturally
         | fall out of the sky and burn up in the atmosphere about a
         | decade after launch. Do you have any further objections?
        
       | newZWhoDis wrote:
       | The future is now!
        
       | NelsonMinar wrote:
       | There's a bunch of Starlink coverage maps like this; the most
       | useful one (IMHO) is Mike Puchol's at https://starlink.sx/
       | 
       | The nice thing about that Mike's is you can see exactly where you
       | are in relation to nearby satellites and base stations. And get a
       | pretty good guess as to where your packets are going to go. It is
       | all guesswork - SpaceX only shares what they are required to by
       | the FCC. But it's been pretty accurate in the way I can test it.
       | 
       | (Also try clicking the little ringed planet icon in upper right
       | to get an orbital chart.)
       | 
       | In the early days there would only be 1 or 2 satellites in range
       | of my house sometimes and I could feel the lag as the dish
       | switched. Back then it only switched every 15 seconds whether a
       | tree was about to block the view or not. Now there's regularly
       | 10+ satellites to choose from and a smarter algorithm for
       | switching to maintain signal. There's still significant problems
       | compared to a wired connection or even fixed wireless but
       | Starlink has definitely been a big improvement for my life.
        
         | virtuallynathan wrote:
         | I really like Mike's version. If anyone has perf tips, I'm
         | happy to pass them on. It's a little out dated, we have a big
         | update coming in the near future to add support for E-Band
         | simulation, etc.
        
         | Aeolun wrote:
         | The big problem with this one appears to be that it doesn't
         | load.
        
           | skrowl wrote:
           | [dead]
        
           | mgiampapa wrote:
           | Works great in the current firefox.
        
           | tornato7 wrote:
           | It loaded after about 5 mins for me, but runs extremely slow
           | still, and seems less intuitive than the OP.
        
         | lm28469 wrote:
         | > Mike Puchol's at https://starlink.sx/
         | 
         | With an 8 core cpu, 2060rtx graphic card, 32gb of ram, this
         | thing runs at like 2.5 fps (if even) on chrome and firefox
         | 
         | What we did with web tech is truly amazing
        
       | itsthecourier wrote:
       | Dominican Republic has coverage, but doesn't appear in the
       | visualization
        
       | lll-o-lll wrote:
       | Very cool visualisation, but my phone is getting very hot!
        
       | 101008 wrote:
       | Wow, this is incredible. Why the GPS satellites are far away from
       | the planet, compared to the other ones?
        
         | renjimen wrote:
         | I thought the answer to this would be simple but it's pretty
         | complex! From a Quora answer:
         | 
         | > They are in 12 hour orbits because that is the result of
         | optimizing the number of satellites needed to cover the Earth,
         | plus having at least 4 satellites visible at the same time from
         | a spot on the earth, with the satellites being spread out
         | across the sky. It also helps that they move fairly slowly, so
         | the Doppler is changing slowly during the PN code acquisition
         | phase. Remember that this system was basically designed in the
         | late 1970s, and we didn't have 2 GHz processors in wristwatches
         | - a GPS receiver had to acquire and process the signals to get
         | a fix, and it had to be something that a single person could
         | carry.
         | 
         | > If you go lower, you need a lot more satellites (see, e.g.,
         | Iridium or Teledesic with 77 and hundreds, respectively), and
         | they move faster across the sky. Each GPS satellite carries an
         | atomic clock (Cesium or Rubidium, depending on the batch) and
         | they're not cheap to build. The fast motion also makes
         | acquisition harder, and low orbits are more affected by the
         | imperfect Earth's gravity - in order to calculate your GPS
         | position, your receiver needs to know EXACTLY where the
         | satellite is - that's harder in a low orbit.
         | 
         | > If you go higher, 3 satellites in GEO will cover the
         | equatorial earth, but you also need satellites in inclined
         | orbits - you want your satellites to be spread across the sky,
         | so your position accuracy isn't degraded because they're in a
         | line or a clump. I think it actually takes more satellites to
         | get the required coverage from GEO height (think about needing
         | to cover the polar regions) - you could probably do some
         | Molniya orbits, but that makes things more complex for other
         | reasons.
         | 
         | https://www.quora.com/Why-are-GPS-satellites-placed-below-ge...
        
         | alsaffar wrote:
         | As far as I know, the GNSS (GPS, GLONASS, etc) satellites
         | needed to have more of Earth visible at all times, so they are
         | farther away. Not an expert, just very interested.
        
         | numbol wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostationary_orbit
        
           | renjimen wrote:
           | I thought the same, but they're actually below geostationary
           | orbit. They have 12 hour orbits. Also, they don't orbit the
           | equator, which is required for a geostationary orbit. See my
           | comment above with more details.
        
             | numbol wrote:
             | wow that is cool! Thank you for that clarification looks
             | like geostationary used for stuff like
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-Zenith_Satellite_System
        
             | mardifoufs wrote:
             | I think this article, that most here have probably read or
             | heard about considering how popular it was on HN, explains
             | why quite well! It is a very long article though (which is
             | awesome, imo!). The whole thing is an incredible primer on
             | GPS .
        
           | crote wrote:
           | Geostationary orbit wouldn't work for a GNSS: all satellites
           | would be in the same plane, so it would be impossible to
           | distinguish between the northern and southern hemisphere.
           | This would render it inconvenient in most countries and
           | unusable anywhere near the equator.
        
             | danw1979 wrote:
             | Related: an inclined geosynchronous orbit uses similar
             | altitudes to GEO, allowing focussed coverage on specific
             | longitudes, as seen with QZSS -
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-
             | Zenith_Satellite_Syste...
             | 
             | (albeit these are slightly elliptical)
        
         | disillusioned wrote:
         | No better explanation on the planet than Bartosz
         | Chiechanowski's: https://ciechanow.ski/gps/
        
           | throwaway2037 wrote:
           | This guy! Nerd sniped again.
        
       | modeless wrote:
       | Frequently Commented Questions:
       | 
       | Yes, space looks crowded in these visualizations. But the size of
       | the satellites is exaggerated here by thousands of times. Space
       | is huge and the collision risk is extremely low. If displayed at
       | their true size the satellites would not be visible, and indeed
       | the vast majority are not visible in the real life night sky. The
       | exception is recently launched satellites that are still in
       | transit to their final orbits, but even those are only visible
       | sometimes and generally only within an hour or two after sunset
       | or before sunrise.
       | 
       | No, Kessler Syndrome is not a realistic concern for satellites in
       | these orbits. Satellites here experience atmospheric drag and
       | fall out of orbit in five years or so. Collision debris has a
       | higher surface area to mass ratio due to the square-cube law and
       | deorbits faster than that. And it takes a lot less than five
       | years for debris to fall below the orbits of other satellites
       | where it no longer poses any threat of a chain reaction. And no,
       | a collision between two satellites in circular orbits cannot
       | throw debris into much longer-lasting orbits, due to how orbital
       | mechanics works. And even if Kessler Syndrome did somehow happen
       | despite all that, it wouldn't trap us on Earth even for the five
       | year period; a debris cloud would still be quite sparse and
       | launching rockets through it would be no problem since the time
       | spent in the cloud and thus probability of collision would be
       | negligible.
        
         | teruakohatu wrote:
         | I took a screenshot of the default view on my web browser. The
         | satellites appear to be around 100km in diameter, but they are
         | in reality 7m wide, so they are 14,000x larger on the map than
         | in reality. The entire constellation would fit within 0.2% of
         | one of the white dots as they appear in the map.
         | 
         | Then you need to remember that the space is 3D, unlike road
         | surfaces (ignoring bridges etc.)
        
           | gibolt wrote:
           | Put another way, it is like there are 10,000 fish equally
           | spaced around the ocean. One could swim 100 lifetimes and
           | never see another fish.
        
             | walrus01 wrote:
             | As the surface area of a theoretical 3 dimensional
             | spherical shell at earth diameter plus 550 km is
             | considerably larger than the oceans, more like having
             | 10,000 tiny anchovy sized fish, swimming a hundred
             | lifetimes and never seeing one.
        
           | samstave wrote:
           | I found this helpful, to illustrate how massive the orbital
           | 'spheres' are
           | 
           | https://i.imgur.com/zGaLWDg.jpg
        
           | Veedrac wrote:
           | Space is not really 3d in the intuitive sense from a packing
           | perspective, because satellites take up orbits rather than
           | stationary points and orbits don't pack densely. It's more
           | like an embedded 2d space, the intuition for that being that
           | a ring, think Saturn's, is 2d and intersects any orbit.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | lutorm wrote:
             | Yes, the key is that all circular orbits at the same
             | altitude must cross, and if the orbits cross there is a
             | potential collision. Satellites at the same altitude can
             | only avoid collisions by controlling the position in the
             | orbit.
             | 
             | Also, mean free path in a particle cloud depends on number
             | density, cross sectional area _and speed_. The cross
             | sectional area is small, but relative speed is also very
             | high, which makes collisions more likely than one would
             | think just based on their number density.
        
               | mlindner wrote:
               | Though note: SpaceX does exactly that. They passively
               | position the positions of the satellites along their
               | orbits so that Starlink satellites don't need to avoid
               | other Starlink satellites in orbital operation.
        
             | godelski wrote:
             | Bullshit. Space is definitely 3D and has 3D packing.
             | Starlink is at about 550km. That has an orbital period of
             | 1.5917hrs. Satellites are 7m (as suggested above, but this
             | sounds large). So let's space the next group by 10km. Now
             | the orbital period is 1.5952hrs. We have to go to 580km
             | (+30km) to get to 1.6hrs, which is a difference of 37
             | seconds. So you got 60km (520km-580km) where you have an
             | error rate of under 1% (0.65%). That drift per day is
             | easily accounted for and you're not going to have a
             | destructive resonance event during the lifetime of the
             | satellites.
             | 
             | For comparison, the ISS (~420km orbit) has a natural decay
             | of 2km per year. It's safe to say that you can pack these
             | satellites <1km in orbital height without realistic risk of
             | them running into one another. The real problem is tracking
             | everything and we often have large margins of safety. Sure,
             | you won't pack them like you would oranges, but even
             | several kms apart that can create a pretty dense coverage
             | map. Gravitational orbits aren't electron orbits and don't
             | need to be quantized (at least on the tens of km level).
        
               | Veedrac wrote:
               | I'm not considering such concerns at all; my comment
               | holds even considering perfect orbits followed by
               | frictionless point objects of zero mass. You can of
               | course pack into the height-dimension trivially when
               | using circular orbits; the issue then is how many orbits
               | you can pack into an orbital plane. I contend it scales
               | with radius, not radius squared.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | about3fitty wrote:
               | Also, it is kind of like an extreme version of the risks
               | of flying cars. One hubcap/collision can mean
               | catastrophic downstream effects.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | Comparing our terrestrial notion of 2 or 3d space with
               | orbital positions doesn't solve much. Low orbit is a very
               | different area requiring we drop traditional notions of
               | size and speed.
        
               | chaboud wrote:
               | Huh. I wasn't worried before reading this thread. Now I'm
               | a little more worried.
               | 
               | 1. We don't need to worry about Kessler syndrome, as the
               | orbits of Starlink will decay in five years (from 550km).
               | 2. ISS is at 420km.
               | 
               | Has anyone else ever worked with something dangerous
               | dangling over their heads? It's kind of nerve wracking,
               | even if you know that there's very little chance of it
               | falling and hitting you.
        
               | gpm wrote:
               | There's no real chance of starlink satellites falling
               | _and hitting you_.
               | 
               | They're designed to fall out of orbit at the end of their
               | lifespan (or whenever something goes wrong), _and fully
               | burn up in the atmosphere before reaching the ground_.
        
               | chaboud wrote:
               | I'm talking about them hitting ISS.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | (Main body) Size matters a lot. That 7m estimate above is
               | with a solar array unfurled and is much larger than the
               | main body, which is about 3.2m x 1.6m x 0.2m[0]. These
               | will burn up in the atmosphere, and actually are designed
               | to do so.
               | 
               | Are you afraid of airplanes flying overhead? Probably
               | not. These don't burn up in the atmosphere and when they
               | fall they do a ton more damage than satellites that
               | don't. A big reason you're not afraid is because the
               | chance of you (or any person) being hit is pretty small
               | because the object is so small compared to the potential
               | falling area. Now we're talking about objects that are
               | significantly smaller than airplanes and with a potential
               | "falling area" (if somehow something doesn't burn up) is
               | magnitudes larger and into an area that is basically
               | empty (humans don't even occupy 15% of the surface).
               | 
               | You shouldn't be worried. Even if parts of these things
               | were hitting the ground they wouldn't be that dangerous
               | just due to the statistics of being hit. Odds get even
               | better when we talk about typical orbits.
               | 
               | [0] https://lilibots.blogspot.com/2020/04/starlink-
               | satellite-dim...
        
               | chaboud wrote:
               | The point isn't that I should be worried. The point is
               | that folks in ISS should be more worried than if they
               | were, say, at 600km...
        
               | modeless wrote:
               | The satellites can't just fall out of the sky suddenly
               | like something hanging above your head. That's not how
               | orbital mechanics works. ISS would have warning of any
               | threat long in advance, plenty of time to make an
               | avoidance maneuver or return to Earth in their lifeboat.
        
               | chaboud wrote:
               | Is ISS between satellites that are expected to de-orbit
               | and the Earth, or is it not?
               | 
               | I'm well aware of tracking and avoidance mechanisms, but,
               | up until now, I hadn't considered the orbital planes in
               | use.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | The moon seems pretty stable up there. Doesn't rattle my
               | nerves on iota that it is overhead.
        
               | chaboud wrote:
               | The moon is slowly getting farther away. Starlink
               | satellites are expected to relatively quickly return to
               | earth.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | The moon is gaining velocity from earth's rotation which
               | is a finite energy source, given a long enough timescales
               | it would collide with earth. However, the sun is going to
               | consume the earth before that happens.
        
               | chaboud wrote:
               | I'll put $10 up against that bet. In a few billion years,
               | one of us is going to look pretty stupid!
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | The problem with your model is all orbits at a given
               | altitude intersect. You can orbit at the equator, or
               | orbit above and below the equator thus crossing the
               | equator. There's nothing special about the equator here.
               | All polar orbits meet at the poles, and any non polar
               | obit is forced to cross all polar orbits etc.
               | 
               | In practice this is not be a significant problem because
               | you can pack a great deal of satellites at a given
               | altitude and moving to a slightly lower or higher orbit
               | works just fine.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | > The problem with your model is all orbits at a given
               | altitude intersect.
               | 
               | > In practice this is not be a significant problem
               | 
               | Which is really why I didn't bring it up. We didn't even
               | talk about eccentricity. My model is simple but this is
               | HN, so I added magnitudes of error.
        
         | mgoetzke wrote:
         | Over all of Germany there where 6 when I looked just now. So
         | yeah, not really crowded :)
        
         | reaperducer wrote:
         | _Space is huge and the collision risk is extremely low._
         | 
         | See also: "We'll never run out of IPv4 addresses."
        
           | gpm wrote:
           | No.
           | 
           | We all know that we can fill it up.
           | 
           | But every launch the FCC requires you do calculations to show
           | that the chance of collision is below some threshold. I.e.
           | that it (the orbit you are in) isn't full yet.
        
           | dmbche wrote:
           | "The bubble is never gonna pop!"
        
         | ck2 wrote:
         | There's several more startups filing to launch their own
         | 10,000+ satellites.
         | 
         | The sky is going to be trashed like the scooters littered
         | across every major city's sidewalks, seemed like an acceptable
         | idea on paper by the eager governments beforehand but in
         | reality it just makes an absolute mess that no-one seems to
         | take responsibility for or ever fixes.
        
           | Jon_Lowtek wrote:
           | > _no-one seems to take responsibility_
           | 
           | No profit oriented corporation will ever _take_
           | responsibility for downsides of their business that can be
           | pushed onto others as externalities. The answer is to force
           | them with regulations.
           | 
           |  _(This is the general rule, exceptions do exist like brands
           | or product lines that cater to the niche of people especially
           | conscious of a particular issue. The food sector is a good
           | example. Note how those who do tend to create self-regulation
           | with certifiable standards and that, strictly speaking, they
           | can not externalise that specific issue so they don 't)_
        
           | RedCondor wrote:
           | 100%.
        
           | kitsunesoba wrote:
           | It's worth noting that the only reason that
           | megaconstellations even work as a business model is thanks to
           | telecom giants refusing to develop infrastructure everywhere
           | it's needed, despite making promises and taking government
           | handouts to do so for decades, as well as being monopolists
           | and obstructing competition where competitors _were_ trying
           | to make good on development promises.
           | 
           | This left a vacuum which is now being filled since LEO is a
           | place where incumbent telecoms have little power to obstruct
           | (though this hasn't stopped them from trying).
           | 
           | So in my mind, if we want to curb megaconstellations, the
           | best way to do that is to strip telecoms of their monopolist
           | powers and mandate development of fiber infrastructure in the
           | ground, which even the best LEO constellations don't have so
           | much as a hint of hope of competing with. The economics will
           | cease to make sense and the constellations will be canceled
           | and decommissioned.
           | 
           | We can't just leave that open vacuum.
        
         | tenpies wrote:
         | It does seem like we need a term for a civilisation that
         | decides that serving internet is more important than its
         | ability to observe the universe.
         | 
         | Then, in that pursuit, they completely miss an otherwise easily
         | detectable near earth object and become extinct, but the
         | satellites will continue happily beaming internet to a user
         | base that no longer exists.
         | 
         | Then again, it's probably a non-issue. Not because the
         | satellites impede our ability to observe, but because we
         | observe so little to begin with.
        
           | vlovich123 wrote:
           | That and our current ability to detect and do anything about
           | a civilization ending asteroid is pretty nonexistent at the
           | moment.
        
           | lionkor wrote:
           | just dont look up
        
           | crispinb wrote:
           | > a civilisation that decides that serving internet is more
           | important than its ability to observe the universe
           | 
           | It's slightly worse than that. Starlink is only viable
           | because of huge gaps in planned provision of what is now a
           | basic utility (even government services in many parts of the
           | world are hard to access without the internet).
           | 
           | We're actually giving up our inalienable and multimillenial
           | rights to a real night sky in order to leave gaps in utility
           | provision for greedy wanker billionaires to make money and
           | gain power filling.
        
             | wkat4242 wrote:
             | Starlink sats don't stick around for multiple millennia.
             | Their orbit degrades quite fast. You need much higher
             | orbits for such longevity.
        
               | crispinb wrote:
               | No wasn't suspecting nuisance-satellite of being near-
               | eternal!
               | 
               | I mean we have had a real night sky for millenia, and now
               | a handful of men are being permitted, with hardly any
               | communal discussion or decision, to expunge it. Many
               | won't notice, of course, having been denatured by
               | suburbia.
        
               | wkat4242 wrote:
               | Ah now I understand. Sorry for my misunderstanding.
        
               | oh_sigh wrote:
               | You can't see the satellites with the naked eye when they
               | are in their target orbit.
               | 
               | You can occasionally see them as they are advancing to
               | their orbit, and they look no different than an airplane
               | at night looks. Except cooler.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Let's ban commercial aviation at night too. Though I'm
               | not sure why the night sky enjoys special status over the
               | day sky. The rich people wouldn't be getting paid money
               | if lots of people who couldn't otherwise get it weren't
               | happy to pay for Internet.
        
               | crispinb wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | newZWhoDis wrote:
               | People like you said the same thing when we built roads,
               | bridges, steam ships, aircraft, and now spacecraft.
               | 
               | Instead of bothering those who are building the future,
               | you're welcome to run off in the woods and LARP as ted
               | kaczynski. It's certainly preferable to moaning on the
               | internet about how others are "denatured".
        
               | crispinb wrote:
               | That's an absurd response. You don't need to carry
               | today's dominant political manichaeanism into every
               | aspect of your responses to events. Making decisions
               | about what to do (whether to build, mine, manufacture) is
               | all about making distinctions. I'm not against all new
               | developments, and it's barely intelligible to be for all.
               | But I am (like nearly everyone in the world outside of
               | the US-based libertarian contingent) against tiny numbers
               | of people (literally a handful of billionaires) making
               | decisions for the entire planet.
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | I disagree with that poster as well, but this is a bit of
               | an immature response. People are welcome to have worries
               | about this stuff and it's better to argue for their
               | arguments being misguided than tell them to go live in
               | the woods if they don't like it.
        
               | evandale wrote:
               | At a certain point the only way to get through to people
               | is to respond in a way that matches their maturity level.
               | 
               | When people are saying ridiculous things like "You will
               | be as insouciant, and as clueless, when your much-admired
               | billionaire masters destroy the last remaining living
               | ecosystem" about satellites in LEO you're not dealing
               | with a person with adult emotions.
               | 
               | For one, the last time I checked LEO isn't an ecosystem
               | with living things in it and I can't think of a single
               | ecosystem out there we could destroy. Whatever
               | "ecosystem" that exists in LEO is an ecosystem _we_
               | created. I guarantee good old "nature" won't be creating
               | life there anytime soon if you're excluding humans from
               | nature.
        
               | crispinb wrote:
               | If it's "mature" to disregard basic values, then we're
               | stuffed. Attitudes and values cluster. People who care
               | about night skies also care about ecosystems. Denatured,
               | psychologically-damaged people who value neither, destroy
               | both. There is no distinction between "nature" and
               | anything else. There is only the real physical world.
        
             | edgyquant wrote:
             | This is such a bad take. How would you get internet to the
             | deep Amazon or the middle of the ocean without satellite?
        
             | Gordonjcp wrote:
             | They're more-or-less invisible in all but the darkest
             | skies.
             | 
             | I've seen a freshly-launched train of the very early ones
             | from a quite light-polluted city sky in Glasgow, but even
             | going deliberately looking for Starlink sats in properly
             | dark skies I've never seen any.
        
               | crispinb wrote:
               | If we allow billionaires to just chuck up what happens to
               | suit their whims, there won't be night skies for long.
        
           | sudhirj wrote:
           | This sounds backwards. Inside the atmosphere is a shitty
           | place to observe from, and the cheap launch capacity here can
           | throw up hundreds of Hubbles and James Webbs. We could also
           | fit optics and radar on the Starlink constellations.
           | 
           | The idea this cheap satellites will somehow restrict our
           | ability to observe anything seems odd.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | newZWhoDis wrote:
           | Extremely short-sighted opinion.
           | 
           | With this capability we can observe better than ever before,
           | and soon regular people will be able to afford at least a
           | ride to LEO via ICBM-turned-airline
        
         | rlt wrote:
         | Yes, space is huge, however offsetting that a bit is satellites
         | in LEO orbit at something like 20,000 MPH, so reaction time for
         | collision avoidance is lower than you might expect, and impact
         | velocity will result in a very large debris field.
        
         | la64710 wrote:
         | But the question is who gave this one guy right to surround our
         | earth like this? As the power of individuals grow is there
         | going to be any oversight to ensure a consensus is reached
         | collectively before someone decide to do something like this? I
         | agree that technically it may not be as bad as it looks but
         | just in principle one cannot fathom the level of reach that
         | modern civilization allows to just one person that this map
         | demonstrates.
        
           | oh_sigh wrote:
           | Do you think China or Russia would ever agree to a global
           | satellite internet connectivity initiative that allows anyone
           | to easily bypass their information control mechanisms?
        
             | kitsunesoba wrote:
             | Even without notoriously disagreeable players like China
             | and Russia at the table, reaching consensus becomes almost
             | impossible past a certain number of parties involved. If
             | global consensus were required for anything almost nothing
             | would ever get done, and what little _did_ happen would be
             | design-by-committee'd into ineffectiveness.
             | 
             | That's not to say that individuals should necessarily be
             | able to do whatever they please on things of this scale,
             | but trying to make everybody happy is a great recipe for
             | endless stagnation.
        
           | dgoodell wrote:
           | Do you really think Spacex required no permission at all for
           | this? It certainly required approval from the FCC & FAA to
           | launch this so I think you could say that US government gave
           | him the right to do this.
           | 
           | Then you could ask: "Why does the US government have the
           | right to do this?" I think the answer to that is probably the
           | Outer Space Treaty which is signed on by most countries
           | including all major spacefaring nations.
           | 
           | This may have been stopped (and still can be) if there was
           | major uproar among the US populace or by other countries. I
           | don't recall hearing much about that.
           | 
           | In any case, I'm not sure there is a sufficient reason to
           | stop it. The biggest issue that I have heard about is the
           | potential for a negative impact on ground-based astronomy.
           | That's obviously not good, but I'm not sure it's a sufficient
           | reason to stop this.
        
       | gondaloof wrote:
       | Can someone explain what is the point of having long lines of
       | satellites traveling on the same path?
        
         | NelsonMinar wrote:
         | The closely packed dots you see are a train of satellites just
         | after launch. They'll spread out over a couple of weeks.
        
         | crote wrote:
         | The ones really close together are freshly launched and still
         | being moved into their final position.
         | 
         | However, all satellites are by design placed into a small
         | number of orbits, see [0]. For example, phase 1 consisted of 72
         | different orbits with 22 sats each, so each sat would be 1/22th
         | of an orbit behind the previous one - and the orbits are
         | shifted in a similar fashion around the earth. This ensures
         | that there is a uniform global coverage, as a new sat will move
         | over an area right when another one moves out.
         | 
         | [0]:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starlink#/media/File:Starlink_...
        
       | teleforce wrote:
       | Can someone tell how to interpret this global coverage map?
       | 
       | The legend and the help sections are not very helpful.
        
         | IG_Semmelweiss wrote:
         | the one thing i think I figure out, is that you right click and
         | set a home, and that will give you real time triangulation as
         | to how many satellites your signal is bouncing off as they move
         | in orbit at any given time.
         | 
         | The more satellites linked to your home base, the better your
         | latency and/or bandwidth. So with this you can see your
         | location's service quality ahead of time.
        
       | sagarpatil wrote:
       | This looks beautiful.
        
       | diebeforei485 wrote:
       | Would polar coverage require satellites that move north to south
       | from pole to pole?
        
         | wkat4242 wrote:
         | Iridium uses that kind of orbit so they have excellent coverage
         | over the polar areas. With the few customers in that area (all
         | commercialor institutional so they can afford it) they pretty
         | much have that market covered.
         | 
         | Ps talking about the real polar areas here, not Alaska, Nordics
         | etc.
        
         | jessriedel wrote:
         | Yes it does. Most of the Starlink satellites are in 53-degree
         | inclination orbits, but there is a shell of satellites in polar
         | orbits to ensure polar coverage. (The commercial market for
         | polar internet access is minimal, but the military is willing
         | to pay a lot for it.)
        
       | hammock wrote:
       | Alaska isn't in the mesh, how is it in the coverage zone?
        
         | JerryB77 wrote:
         | Seems available: https://www.starlink.com/map
        
         | kieroda wrote:
         | The connectivity was pretty terrible in Alaska, at least as of
         | November of last year when I cancelled and returned Starlink.
        
         | jccooper wrote:
         | They have a certain number of near-polar orbit satellites.
         | There's not yet the same level of coverage as inside 57
         | degrees, but they do have ground stations and offer coverage,
         | though it seems to be of the "just barely" sort. The polar
         | orbits are rapidly filling in, however, so it should get better
         | before too long.
        
       | hypertexthero wrote:
       | Does anyone have experience streaming with Twitch using Starlink?
       | 
       | I have a WISP (Wireless Internet Service Provider) that works
       | fairly well with occasional issues.
       | 
       | I'm consisdering Starlink but heard there may be issues with
       | latency and dropped frames, and it is around 60% more expensive.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | Not Twitch, but it seems to work pretty well with video in
         | general. Not as reliable as my wired connection at home but
         | pretty good. Can't really speak to latency (though looked OK on
         | a connection test) but I don't really do anything that's
         | especially latency sensitive.
        
           | hypertexthero wrote:
           | Thank you!
           | 
           | Note to self and others considering this:
           | 
           | The dynamic bitrate setting in Open Broadcaster Studio could
           | help smooth things out: https://obsproject.com/wiki/Dropped-
           | Frames-and-General-Conne...
        
             | oittaa wrote:
             | The bitrate won't be a problem with Twitch since their
             | maximum bitrate is super low. Just depending on where you
             | live there might be outages every now and then if all the
             | satellites are behind trees or buildings.
        
       | herpderperator wrote:
       | How long does Dishy communicate with one satellite before
       | switching to another one? It looks like they move across quite
       | fast.
        
         | flangola7 wrote:
         | They move across the sky faster than an airliner, so not long.
        
           | irrelative wrote:
           | Roughly 30 times faster than an airliner.
        
         | genewitch wrote:
         | In central Louisiana, between 15 and 60 seconds. It might be
         | slightly longer but I have a tree in the FOV to the east, so I
         | get drops on that timescale.
        
       | vrglvrglvrgl wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | doubler wrote:
       | check more stuff here:
       | 
       | https://github.com/thedoubler/awesome-maps-data
        
       | hungryforcodes wrote:
       | No one in Asia or Africa or India seem to be using it. Are we
       | just polluting LEO for the sake of a handful of Americans? I feel
       | like in the US it's not even widely used...
        
         | lionkor wrote:
         | I believe so - its a very small niche. If I understand
         | correctly, the target audience is:
         | 
         | - remote places, with
         | 
         | - people who need internet but dont have a wire or fiber
         | running to them, and
         | 
         | - who can afford a super expensive starlink (have disposable
         | income), and
         | 
         | - for who 3G/4G isnt good enough
         | 
         | Thats not a lot of people outside the US
        
           | sderfghionio wrote:
           | [dead]
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | You don't need to be in "remote" places for Starlink to be a
           | big benefit. My brother lives about a 10 minute drive from
           | about a 10K person city in coastal Maine and he could not get
           | wired Internet at all and the other wireless options are poor
           | and data limited. There are a ton of places like that. You
           | could argue that there should be a program at the national
           | level to get wired Internet to anywhere that gets electricity
           | but, given the existence of Starlink, I'm not sure a many
           | many billions of dollars program to do that makes a lot of
           | sense and would have at least some people here throwing a fit
           | about subsidizing rural residents.
        
             | hungryforcodes wrote:
             | My topic was originally about users OUTSIDE the US.
             | Everyone I meet in Asia is pretty OK with 4g, also home
             | based internet is pretty good. It's important to understand
             | the US is behind the rest of the world in many things,
             | including this area.
        
           | 7952 wrote:
           | There is no reason why they would necessarily need to charge
           | such high monthly prices in poorer countries. If the marginal
           | costs can be kept low enough then it would be stupid to miss
           | out on the revenue. A key to that is probably the inter
           | satellite links to avoid needing so many base stations.
           | 
           | Also, parts of Africa have pretty good cell coverage. So it
           | may not be needed in a lot of areas.
        
           | jen729w wrote:
           | It's a lot of geographical Australia.
           | 
           | Which isn't a _lot_ of people. A million, perhaps. Two at
           | most.
        
             | wkat4242 wrote:
             | That's pretty ideal for satellite services. It doesn't cope
             | well with large clusters of customers, having them spread
             | out is pretty ideal.
        
         | virtuallynathan wrote:
         | It's only launched in a few African countries, see
         | starlink.com/map
        
         | wkat4242 wrote:
         | In India satellite services are illegal except Inmarsat because
         | they have a deal with them for surveillance. That's probably
         | why. You can get in serious trouble there for carrying a
         | satellite phone too.
        
           | hungryforcodes wrote:
           | That's interesting-- I didn't know this.
        
             | wkat4242 wrote:
             | I just know because I used to own a sat phone and I would
             | bring it on business trips.
             | 
             | China's another one that doesn't permit them. Which,
             | together with India, means that the majority of the world's
             | population lives in countries where they are (mostly)
             | banned.
             | 
             | I wonder what's going to happen now that sat features are
             | becoming ubiquitous on mobile phones. Apple has it (with
             | Globalstar), Motorola/Bullitt is introducing it right now
             | (with Inmarsat), and Qualcomm is introducing the features
             | in Q3 this year (with Iridium)
             | 
             | This means that banning sat phones will no longer be as
             | easy as it once was, as most visitors will carry one right
             | in their pocket.
             | 
             | https://blog.telestial.com/2017/11/countries-where-
             | satellite...
        
         | caskstrength wrote:
         | > Are we just polluting LEO for the sake of a handful of
         | Americans? I feel like in the US it's not even widely used...
         | 
         | It is quite popular in Ukraine. Granted, Ukraine is neither in
         | Asia nor in Africa.
        
           | hungryforcodes wrote:
           | True, although their circumstances now might be quite
           | exceptional?
        
         | mlindner wrote:
         | They've only just started expansion into those areas (so far 2
         | countries in Africa). Here's the service map:
         | https://www.starlink.com/map
        
         | kmlx wrote:
         | > No one in Asia or Africa or India seem to be using it
         | 
         | from my understanding in order to provide internet services in
         | any country you need to register with the authorities and get
         | approval for providing those services.
         | 
         | their map shows where they got approval so far and where
         | they're still in the process: https://www.starlink.com/map
        
         | enslavedrobot wrote:
         | They will. This technology will do a lot to bring the internet
         | to low index of development countries.
         | 
         | It's pretty cool to think about the impact of all the kids who
         | will go from no access to having the world at their fingertips.
        
           | hungryforcodes wrote:
           | Which is? Most of these countries have really strong 4g
           | already...
        
       | pier25 wrote:
       | How come there are so many satellites all over the world but so
       | little coverage?
       | 
       | (I'm assuming the green hexagons it's the service coverage)
        
         | virtuallynathan wrote:
         | This maps coverage is not accurate.
        
         | jrockway wrote:
         | I believe the current implementation of the network requires
         | the satellite to see both you and a ground station at the same
         | time. So ground stations are the limiting factor.
        
           | walrus01 wrote:
           | It was this way until very recently, google "starlink
           | lasers". The newer satellites have satellite-to-satellite
           | laser links which can form a chain until they reach a
           | satellite that is presently overhead of an earth station.
           | SpaceX has now started selling the global ocean maritime
           | product version of starlink which specifically advertises
           | full ocean coverage worldwide. I recently saw a person's
           | first hand experience of successfully using Starlink on a
           | cross ocean voyage from Polynesia to Ecuador.
           | 
           | Most starlink traffic still _is_ "up and back down again" to
           | a satellite that's moving while simultaneously in view of the
           | CPE and a starlink-run earth station.
        
             | ricksunny wrote:
             | Is the Starlink service geofenced to cutoff where Starlink
             | doesn't have a telco license? Like if the maritime product
             | finds itself sailing within the EEZ of a country that
             | hasn't issued a telco operator license, will the service
             | shut off?
        
               | ianburrell wrote:
               | There is Starlink Residential which only works in
               | approved countries and can't move. There is Starlink Roam
               | which works anywhere on land. They supposedly restrict it
               | far from land but not sure if acutally limit it.
        
               | walrus01 wrote:
               | Starlink is live in all of terrestrial Iran right now if
               | you can smuggle a terminal in, and have an accepted
               | foreign method of billing. Whether they choose to
               | geofence certain areas seems arbitrary right now.
        
             | jrockway wrote:
             | That's neat. I remember that being the original intent, but
             | it wasn't quite working yet. I think there was a tech demo
             | where they were talking about transatlantic FPS gaming, and
             | how ground -> satellite -> straight line to satellite ->
             | ground had less latency than the great circle path on the
             | ocean floor? I never ran the numbers to see if that's true,
             | but is that something customers have access to today? Or
             | are they just using the intersatellite links to provide
             | coverage to oceanic regions that are a couple of hops away
             | from a ground station?
        
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       (page generated 2023-04-29 23:02 UTC)