[HN Gopher] Google Cloud region currently down due to water intr...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Google Cloud region currently down due to water intrusion
        
       Author : kalabilla
       Score  : 242 points
       Date   : 2023-04-27 18:18 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (status.cloud.google.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (status.cloud.google.com)
        
       | wkjagt wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | rickette wrote:
       | Anyone know how this could affect multiple zones? "Customers can
       | failover to zones in other regions". Unless a whole area got
       | flooded.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | gst wrote:
         | There's an interesting Twitter thread about that topic here:
         | https://twitter.com/GergelyOrosz/status/1651256082424012806
         | 
         | Based on that thread it sounds like only AWS guarantees that
         | their AZs are in physically separate DCs, while for Google and
         | Microsoft AZs could be in separate buildings of the same DC
         | facility.
        
           | migf wrote:
           | It amazes me that in every market they serve, Amazon has no
           | actual competitors from a feature perspective.
           | 
           | Like, Target does not compete with Amazon. They have a
           | totally different home delivery model that is not in the same
           | category of reliability or service.
           | 
           | It's annoying.
        
             | londons_explore wrote:
             | I think it's because lots of amazons services are in
             | 'winner takes all' markets.
             | 
             | No random online eshop can offer next day delivery across
             | half the world unless they already have a logistics chain
             | of 100,000 truck drivers spread across the world. But
             | Amazon can.
             | 
             | Likewise, no cloud provider has enough data centers to
             | offer multiple separate data centers in the same city, for
             | hundreds of cities around the world. But Amazon does.
             | 
             | Any competitor can't offer amazons level of service until
             | they get to amazon scale... Which they never will.
        
           | mcast wrote:
           | AWS treats its availability zones very seriously, each zone
           | has its own independent power substation, air conditioning,
           | and fiber lines.
           | 
           | It's incredibly rare for multiple AZs to go down at once,
           | especially since they are more than a few miles apart from
           | each other.
        
             | kevan wrote:
             | Funnily enough floods (GCP) and fires (OVH) are two of the
             | 3 things AWS explicitly mentions in the Well Architected
             | docs. For a lot of companies an AZ going down is an
             | annoyance or bad day but a whole region going down could be
             | a real continuity risk.
             | 
             | > Each Availability Zone is separated by a meaningful
             | physical distance from other zones to avoid correlated
             | failure scenarios due to environmental hazards like fires,
             | floods, and tornadoes.
             | 
             | https://docs.aws.amazon.com/wellarchitected/latest/reliabil
             | i...
        
             | fnordpiglet wrote:
             | It's more than that. AZ's are geographically distinct as
             | well along multiple dimensions include flood plains etc.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | Unless they're in us-east-1 and it's an Amazon
             | software/service fault.
        
               | local_crmdgeon wrote:
               | This. Don't use us-east-1, it's by far the flakiest. PDX
               | is also a bit rough, but Ohio is golden.
        
             | simonebrunozzi wrote:
             | And different flood planes. Source: I was at AWS 2008-2014.
        
             | rodgerd wrote:
             | It makes it very easy for me (as someone who comes from a
             | world of physical datacentres) to reason about what an AZ
             | is getting me, and also to understand the benefits of using
             | AWS (not having to think about the details of power
             | routing, blade switch vs top-of-rack vs core switch,
             | storage cabling, blah blah blah).
             | 
             | If I have to think too hard and do too much work about how
             | I lay applications out, I might as well just rent in a
             | colo.
        
           | outworlder wrote:
           | I would really like to see the physical DC separation at "The
           | Dalles, Oregon".
        
             | blacksmith_tb wrote:
             | Looks like there are three buildings[1] to me, not entirely
             | sure what goes where, obviously.
             | 
             | 1: https://goo.gl/maps/Tfw5UpSsoYiN3YMVA
        
           | JCM9 wrote:
           | Yes. Azure and GCPs numbers on the size of their AZs and such
           | are more marketing spin than hard engineering. AWS keeps
           | these in separate physical locations to provide true
           | separation. While there have been tech related regional
           | incidents at AWS a physical event disabling multiple AZs
           | would be extremely unlikely given their much more robust and
           | geographically distributed design. If such a physical event
           | had happened in AWS it would have been a non-event with
           | things just failing over to other AZs.
           | 
           | Other cloud providers mostly just vaguely put things in
           | another part of the building and say it's "a separate AZ" but
           | as GCPs woes highlighted that's corner cutting that bites
           | badly when the whole building has a problem.
        
             | kyrra wrote:
             | Googler, opinions are my own.
             | 
             | I think you misunderstand Google's infrastructure. I'm
             | guessing that each GCP zone is actually a Borg Cell (see:
             | https://storage.googleapis.com/pub-tools-public-
             | publication-... ). Borg cells tend to be isolated from
             | eachother in many ways in the physical layer (networking
             | and management being a big one, not sure about power). So
             | networking or machine management for an entire zone could
             | go down and not affect other cells. Changes also tend to
             | get pushed on a per-cell basis when they are Google wide
             | rollouts.
             | 
             | I believe GCP recommends to replicate data cross regions (h
             | ttps://cloud.google.com/architecture/framework/reliability/
             | ...).
             | 
             | Also see: https://cloud.google.com/architecture/disaster-
             | recovery#regi...
        
               | JCM9 wrote:
               | Yeah, you're not getting what people are saying. AWS's
               | AZs are much more separated than GCPs. Your
               | recommendation that one could build across regions isn't
               | what folks are talking about here since there is a big
               | benefit to having geographically separate AZs in the same
               | region. That's where GCP is falling short here.
        
               | stingraycharles wrote:
               | I don't know what you're trying to say with Borg cells,
               | the point of discussion is not that the network etc are
               | separated, but that they're physically separated in such
               | a way that these kind of flooding wouldn't affect
               | different AZs, and that GCP is cutting corners here.
               | 
               | Obviously every cloud vendor recommends replicating data
               | between multiple regions, but fact of the matter is that
               | a lot of cloud services work much easier with redundancy
               | within a single region than multi-region redundancy.
        
             | outworlder wrote:
             | > If such a physical event had happened in AWS it would
             | have been a non-event with things just failing over to
             | other AZs.
             | 
             | In many cases in AWS an availability zone is actually
             | composed of multiple datacenters, each with their own
             | redundancies. This may not be true for smaller regions, but
             | in large ones it definitely is. In those cases, losing an
             | entire datacenter would maybe take out a percentage of
             | instances in that AZ. This has happened before and our
             | production systems barely noticed other than provisioning
             | new nodes to replace the failed health checks.
        
           | xyst wrote:
           | You would think that the company that literally wrote the
           | book on "Site Reliability Engineering" would actually follow
           | their own recommendations.
        
             | londons_explore wrote:
             | Googles advice is not to rely on uptime in every region.
             | 
             | Instead aim for uptime in a few regions, and load balance
             | your users to regions that are healthy.
             | 
             | That design is far cheaper for both google and for you -
             | and, in the typical case, users still get nice low latency
             | to a local datacenter, and only in the rare failure case
             | might they have to wait for latency to some other region.
        
             | CydeWeys wrote:
             | The recommendations are to run in multiple regions if you
             | need this kind of redundancy. Run everything in a single
             | region and you can be affected by an event like this.
        
             | ddol wrote:
             | Do Google host their own products on Google Cloud, or are
             | there different sets of data centres for Search/Drive/Gmail
             | vs Google Cloud Customers?
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | This is a leased facility, the kind of place Google rents
               | for cloud customers but doesn't need for itself. Google's
               | own datacenters are
               | https://www.google.com/about/datacenters/locations/
        
               | packetslave wrote:
               | Other way around. Google Cloud runs on the same
               | underlying datacenter, compute, and network
               | infrastructure that Search/Drive/Gmail does.
               | 
               | [edit: at least in regions where Google HAS its own
               | datacenters, e.g. "us-central-1? yes. europe-west9? maybe
               | not"].
               | 
               | That does not imply that Search / Drive / Gmail runs on
               | top of Google Cloud.
        
             | kevincox wrote:
             | They do internally. But when customers want 3 zones in
             | Indonesia they cut corners.
        
           | packetslave wrote:
           | Or even in the same building, just with a different
           | power/network domain.
        
           | yegle wrote:
           | For physical zone separation you need to check the
           | `supportsPzs` attribute when listing the zones (e.g. https://
           | cloud.google.com/compute/docs/reference/rest/v1/zone..., but
           | you should be able to find many other places where this
           | attribute is surfaced).
           | 
           | It says "reserved for future use" but other docs mentioned
           | "physical zone separation":
           | https://googleapis.dev/java/google-api-services-
           | compute/alph...
        
             | outworlder wrote:
             | Random datacenters should start advertising availability
             | zones since they should have different fault domains
             | anyway. Google can get away with this, why can't smaller
             | companies?
        
           | rickette wrote:
           | Ah I see, I know Azure and GCP in NL are in separate
           | buildings but indeed on the same site. But that's not
           | guaranteed for other regions, good to know.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | radicaldreamer wrote:
       | Not sure what kind of fire there was there, but once those
       | automatic sprinkler systems get going, they are very difficult to
       | stop.
       | 
       | Someone in my freshman college dorm decided to use one as a
       | clothes hanger hook and broke the thermometer in there. The
       | sprinkler damaged the entire floor with water and the floor below
       | had spotty rain as well.
       | 
       | The fire department came and was mainly concerned about
       | evacuating everyone rather than shutting the water off.
       | 
       | The water is typically chemically treated and has been sitting
       | there for years as well -- very nasty stuff.
        
         | mvanbaak wrote:
         | datacenters dont use sprinkler systems (or at least they should
         | not).
        
           | glogla wrote:
           | Yeah, I always thought datacenters would use Halon. It of
           | course has the problem of suffocating everyone.
        
             | packetslave wrote:
             | Halon has been banned for years because 1) it's bad for the
             | ozone layer and 2) it'll kill you. Newer systems (FM-200,
             | Inergen, etc.) fight the fire by removing heat instead of
             | removing oxygen.
        
               | alwayslikethis wrote:
               | Halon is still used. Unfortunately the same properties
               | that makes it effective also makes it harm the ozone
               | layer. It does not just remove heat or oxygen, it
               | directly interferes with the reaction involved in
               | combustion, making things stop burning.
        
           | packetslave wrote:
           | A non-water fire suppression system for a 300,000+ square
           | feet warehouse-scale datacenter would be incredibly
           | expensive.
        
         | sbierwagen wrote:
         | Always worth tracking down the sprinkler shut off valve in your
         | residence/place of work. If you're in a high rise it'll be the
         | big red wheel on the sprinkler main in the fire stairs. If it's
         | a spurious activation you can just shut it off yourself, you
         | don't need to ask anybody's permission.
         | 
         | The fire department is always going to prioritize safety of
         | life, and after all it's not their stuff getting soaked.
        
           | newZWhoDis wrote:
           | True, and if you mess up how are they gonna know?
           | 
           | Your fingerprints won't survive the fire!
        
           | local_crmdgeon wrote:
           | Please do not disable or tamper with your buildings sprinkler
           | systems.
           | 
           | You will not care about your stuff when you're in jail for
           | negligent manslaughter.
        
           | Kon-Peki wrote:
           | > The fire department is always going to prioritize safety of
           | life, and after all it's not their stuff getting soaked.
           | 
           | They won't hesitate to smash your stuff or break down your
           | walls either.
           | 
           | Being in a fire is no joke. You've got to be crazy to think
           | that your stuff is important. It's not.
        
             | dsfyu404ed wrote:
             | Anyone talking up firefighters like this clearly hasn't
             | been around them much.
             | 
             | They're boys with toys that they don't frequently get to
             | use and they work for the government. Follow the
             | incentives. They'll do their jobs but they don't give a lot
             | of fucks about things like "unnecessary property damage"
             | and "other people's financial well being" and anything else
             | not written in their KPIs.
             | 
             | I used to drive tow truck. I can't count the number of cars
             | they totaled peeling the roof off (granted some were
             | totaled anyway) because that was easy and cutting a door
             | off was hard. And don't get me started on them and their
             | stupid stands they use to prop shit up in the most
             | questionable of ways...
        
               | local_crmdgeon wrote:
               | Firefighters are personally incentivized to take photos
               | like this: https://nypost.com/2022/01/10/fireman-in-post-
               | photo-recalls-.... They are not incentivized to protect
               | your stuff, that's what insurance does.
               | 
               | Good. I want you to save me and my family from dying in a
               | fucking fire. This thread is obsessed with saving Funko
               | Pop collections for some reason??
        
               | dsfyu404ed wrote:
               | That's just a textbook appeal to emotion.
               | 
               | Most of their calls are mundane stuff. And they leave a
               | pretty decently wide path of destruction in doing that.
               | We're talking like mundane situations where there is no
               | urgency and no need to tear shit up in the interest of
               | time.
               | 
               | I once arrived to a minor rollover after the cops but
               | before fire. Nobody injured. Occupant trapped because she
               | was a large lady and couldn't release her seatbelt upside
               | down and was having difficulty unlocking the car because
               | side curtain airbags.
               | 
               | I offered to flip the car and treat it like a lockout.
               | "Customer" was fine with it. Cop was iffy. FD showed up,
               | didn't want to hear it, broke the window, unlocked the
               | car, opened the door, cut her belt rather than release it
               | and dropped her on her face and then had difficulty
               | getting her out. Now I get that they have "procedures"
               | but this seems like a forest for the trees situation.
               | 
               | Or they'll show up, shut down two lanes for a minor fire
               | on the shoulder and not move the trucks until the car is
               | loaded on a tow truck and gone. Supposedly it's to keep
               | them safe from being hit by traffic. Meanwhile here I am
               | not blocking traffic to recover shit that broke down.
               | 
               | Sure, they'll save a life if the situation presents
               | itself but they sure don't care about being tidy about
               | it.
        
             | rectang wrote:
             | Fires develop crazy fast, too. Horrifying real-time footage
             | of The Station nightclub fire is on YouTube. Within 2
             | minutes of ignition, fire is leaping out the windows. By 6
             | minutes in, the entire building is burning like a torch.
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rO0ioCCiEe8
             | 
             | Firefighters arrive in 5 minutes.
        
       | t0mas88 wrote:
       | I can't ignore the feeling that Google Cloud is sub par compared
       | to AWS. How did this _again_ cause a multi zone failure. Why
       | haven 't they fixed those dependencies the last few times they
       | had a full region failure.
        
         | influx wrote:
         | AWS has had datacenters that were flooded, but they failed over
         | and physically moved racks via trucks. Customers never knew.
        
           | local_crmdgeon wrote:
           | This has happened much more than people know.
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | zones and regions have different definition in google cloud
         | than AWS. Multiple zones are physically co-located and are not
         | truly availability zones because the physical proximity causes
         | shared fates even when they have independent systems (network,
         | power) that should allow one to fail while another doesn't.
         | Even two datacenters in the same city are prey to the same
         | meteor.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | lamontcg wrote:
           | I don't know what it is like these days but us-east AZs used
           | to be in different datacenters that were on different flood
           | plains and power companies. They were just on a very high
           | capacity (for the day) fiber ring. You still had a couple
           | miles of light-delay latency in between them. A sufficiently
           | big enough meteor, or a powerful enough massive hurricane,
           | could probably take out multiple ones at the same time.
        
             | londons_explore wrote:
             | I believe the Google design is one big pool of machines,
             | perhaps spread across a few buildings, but they hope that
             | any failure only affects a few racks.
             | 
             | They will arrange/move workloads such that any one customer
             | will only see an outage in one 'zone'.
             | 
             | Clearly that didn't work here,
        
               | local_crmdgeon wrote:
               | That's .... that's not a great strategy. I get that it's
               | cheap, but incidents like this will cost a LOT more with
               | lost business.
        
           | deathanatos wrote:
           | > _A cluster represents a distinct physical infrastructure
           | that is housed in a data center._
           | 
           | > _Google designs zones to minimize the risk of correlated
           | failures caused by physical infrastructure outages_
           | 
           | And they have stated that the flood "caused a multi-cluster
           | failure".
           | 
           | > _Zones should be considered a single failure domain within
           | a region._
           | 
           | (--GCP's documentation.)
        
           | secondcoming wrote:
           | Then why do they charge extra for cross-zonal traffic?
        
             | kccqzy wrote:
             | Presumably for inter-zonal traffic, it uses up bandwidth on
             | their B4 network, but intra-zonal traffic does not and has
             | basically unlimited bandwidth.
             | 
             | B4: https://storage.googleapis.com/pub-tools-public-
             | publication-...
        
               | dilyevsky wrote:
               | This is not going through b4 but inter-zonal links are
               | still choke points because they are separate networks
        
           | styren wrote:
           | In the same building is quite a bit different than 10km
           | apart, even if a huge meteor would lead to the same
           | conclusion for both scenarios.
        
           | ericpauley wrote:
           | Wow, this is a big issue! Is there any way to guarantee AWS-
           | level physical redundancy in GCP without paying the
           | latency/inter-region data transfer (higher than inter-zone
           | outside US: https://cloud.google.com/vpc/network-
           | pricing#egress-within-g...) pricing?
           | 
           | A nice thing about EC2 is that you're getting a pretty dumb,
           | predictable service. There have been multi-zone or global
           | control plane issues but the physical metal has bona fide
           | redundancy between zones/regions.
        
         | nonethewiser wrote:
         | > I can't ignore the feeling that Google Cloud is sub par
         | compared to AWS.
         | 
         | That goes without saying at this point. More importantly, it's
         | proven worse than Azure.
        
           | outworlder wrote:
           | Depending on the metric. I have not seen any incidents where
           | the isolation between customers was breach. Azure had
           | several. Their compute offerings are better. We could go on.
           | 
           | On the other hand, Azure was(and still is) upfront about not
           | having AZs - now that they have rolled out, hopefully those
           | are not in the same building.
        
         | ec109685 wrote:
         | It was not only a region outage, but a global outage!
         | 
         | "GCE Global Control Plane: Experienced a global outage, which
         | has been mitigated. Primary impact was observed from 2023-04-25
         | 23:15:20 PDT to 2023-04-26 03:45:30 PDT and impacted customers
         | utilizing Global DNS (gDNS). A secondary global impact for
         | aggregated list operation failures for customers with resources
         | in europe-west9 has also been mitigated. Please see migration
         | guide for gDNS to Zonal DNS for more information:
         | https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/internal-dns#migrating...
         | "
         | 
         | Embarrassing.
        
       | fnordpiglet wrote:
       | Last time they let Bard pick a data center location and design.
        
       | effdee wrote:
       | This post (in french) has some more details:
       | 
       | https://www.mail-archive.com/frnog@frnog.org/msg72320.html
        
       | redindian75 wrote:
       | This is the problem storing data in the cloud - whenever it rains
       | you may have a big data problem.
        
         | burnt_toast wrote:
         | It's okay because once the water evaporates its backup in the
         | cloud.
        
           | timack wrote:
           | Really? Are you cirrus?
        
       | richardw wrote:
       | I can imagine clients who used one DC being impacted. But
       | Google's services would be designed for a single DC going down,
       | right? Data would be eventually consistent (once they find and
       | plug the hard drives in) but isn't this the promise of the cloud
       | and they're (approximately) the best at using it.
       | 
       | I have to assume it's a fault that not even distributed services
       | can paper over. Eg lots of crucial data in flight and they're
       | reluctant to drop it. Can an expert weigh in?
       | 
       | I love Google's post-mortems. This one will be epic.
        
         | kccqzy wrote:
         | > But Google's services would be designed for a single DC going
         | down, right?
         | 
         | Right. But nobody forces GCP's customers to design their
         | services to be tolerant of a single DC failure. In fact as a
         | business, actively not designing for such tolerance is an
         | attractive cost-cutting measure.
        
         | outworlder wrote:
         | Cloud customers have no control on which or how many
         | 'datacenters' are used. That's not something that's even
         | advertised or easily available to customers.
         | 
         | The logical units are regions and availability zones or the
         | equivalent nomenclature in each cloud. One availability zone is
         | expected to be one or more datacenters.
         | 
         | We have thousands of instances in AWS. I do not know - or care
         | - where they are physically located(other than the region name,
         | say, Oregon). I expect at most one availability zone to get
         | impacted if a datacenter goes up in flames (and sometimes, just
         | a portion of one). I mention in another comment that AWS has
         | had issues before and production systems barely got impacted.
         | And recovered with zero intervention - instances with failed
         | health checks get replaced by brand new ones in whatever AZs
         | are still operational.
         | 
         | > Data would be eventually consistent (once they find and plug
         | the hard drives in)
         | 
         | At the level of abstractions cloud operates, no-one is plugging
         | drives in - someone is, but you can never see it.
         | 
         | Most cloud workloads use network attached storage - when you
         | can even see the logical drives (SaaS offerings may not even
         | have that abstraction). We don't know (or care) how many
         | physical hard drives exist, or where they are. Latency
         | requirements probably dictate that they are close to the actual
         | instances, but there's usually data replication going on even
         | across DCs.
         | 
         | In addition to that, at least in AWS, if you have saved any
         | volume snapshots at all, they will be in S3. This data will be
         | replicated and underlying systems can even use it to restore
         | lost or corrupted data without you even noticing and sometimes
         | even without a recent snapshot, as storage keeps track of what
         | blocks have been rewritten since the last snapshot. In a
         | particularly bad case you might have to do a restore.
         | 
         | In almost a decade and number of volumes in the 6 digits (no
         | clue how many drives that is!) we never had a single volume
         | fail on AWS. Some got into a 'degraded' state and then
         | recovered.
         | 
         | We haven't had any failures on GCP either. In the case of GCP,
         | even faulty hypervisors are transparently worked around - we
         | never notice other than some audit logs saying the VM was
         | moved. They even preserve the network connections. AWS requires
         | a stop/start to do the same, but your VM will be up and running
         | in a different hypervisor (sometimes a different datacenter) in
         | a couple of minutes, with all the storage.
         | 
         | Mind you, AWS promises eleven nines(!) of durability for S3.
         | 
         | When you do have locally attached storage, it's treated as
         | ephemeral and it's gone if the instance restarts.
         | 
         | > I have to assume it's a fault that not even distributed
         | services can paper over.
         | 
         | If a single datacenter fails, since it _should_ be at most one
         | AZ(this case seems to be different) that will depend on how the
         | application is architected. Requests in flight will obviously
         | fail, how big of a deal depends on the problem domain. For most
         | web apps, this will cause a retry and that's the end of the
         | story, others will be specifically engineered to deal with
         | receiving multiple messages or dropping messages. For example,
         | if you need at most once delivery guarantees, you need to take
         | extra measures
         | 
         | Not all applications can survive an entire region going down.
         | Some can, but that usually raises costs if you are continuously
         | replicating data across regions. If you do that, then you
         | should be able to steer traffic to the surviving regions. You
         | can do that old-school by changing DNS records, or you could
         | have fanciers solutions such as global anycast loadbalancers
         | and have a single IP worldwide that still goes to the closest
         | healthy region.
        
       | lamontcg wrote:
       | Nobody here with any thoughts for the operations/datacenter
       | engineers trying to deal with stopping and cleaning up the
       | disaster, just customers complaining...
        
         | okdood64 wrote:
         | Nope. Big company bad. <Insert snarky overeactionary comment
         | based on armchair knowledge>
         | 
         | Literally no concern here for anyone's safety or sanity in
         | dealing with this.
        
         | rurp wrote:
         | "Thoughts and Prayers" type comments don't make for
         | particularly interesting reading.
         | 
         | I think it's safe to assume that most people feel empathy for
         | others struggling, whether or not they type it out regularly.
         | Then again, some AI evangelists have had me questioning that
         | assumption lately.
        
       | CobrastanJorji wrote:
       | A series of tubes would have helped with this.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | Or a big truck to bring some tarps
        
         | geocrasher wrote:
         | Thank you for your input, Senator Stevens.
        
         | aruggirello wrote:
         | Unfortunately, it appears Google Plumber was discontinued by
         | Alphabet Inc.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | All: please don't post low-effort comments that merely react to
       | the first association you have. We're trying for _curious_
       | conversation here, which is something else.
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
       | gauravphoenix wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | throwawaaarrgh wrote:
       | I know I said our pipeline abstraction was leaky but this is
       | ridiculous
        
       | manojr13 wrote:
       | Let's the servers cool down for sometime. Might have been working
       | very hard.
        
       | jacquesm wrote:
       | This seems to significantly under-report what's going on, see:
       | 
       | https://www.theregister.com/2023/04/26/google_cloud_outage/
       | 
       | There is mention of a fire as well.
        
         | madaxe_again wrote:
         | Oh, the irony.
         | 
         | A few years ago I implemented a top to bottom ISO27k1 ISMS for
         | a client handling extremely sensitive and mission-critical data
         | for industry.
         | 
         | One risk I recommended controls for was that of a fire and/or
         | flood at their primary datacentre for their client-facing
         | offerings - _this_ datacentre. I've experienced the misery of a
         | datacentre oops myself, firsthand, twice, and it's a genuine
         | risk that has to be mitigated.
         | 
         | At my insistence, I had them burn hundreds of man-hours
         | ensuring that they could failover to a new environment in a
         | different datacentre with a bare minimum of fuss, as what I
         | arrived to was an all the eggs in one basket situation. It took
         | a fair bit of re-engineering of how deployments worked, how
         | data was replicated, how the environment was configured - but
         | they got there, and the ISMS was put into operation, and was
         | audited cleanly by a reputable auditor, and everyone lived
         | happily ever after.
         | 
         | Except... they were acquired by private equity. Who had no
         | truck with all of this costly prancing about with consultants
         | and systems. Risk register? Why do we need this? What value
         | does it add _today_? ISO27k1? Don't be silly. We have that
         | certificate. You don't need it. Dev team, ops team, leadership
         | -- almost everyone -- ejected and replaced with a few support
         | staff.
         | 
         | I see their sites are down.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | There's that beautiful German word again... schadenfreude. I
           | have had similar discussions multiple times in the last year
           | and the magic thinking around the cloud is so strong that it
           | is sometimes impossible to get through. The fact that cloud
           | stuff can go down and that in the end it is _your_ data and
           | no amount of cloud credits are going to help you if your data
           | is lost seems to be utterly beyond some people 's
           | comprehension.
        
         | jonatron wrote:
         | This doesn't sound as bad as OVH's 2021 fire.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | I wouldn't draw any conclusions just yet.
        
           | sschueller wrote:
           | If you trench a fire in water in a DC it might be just as
           | bad.
        
           | nik736 wrote:
           | Well, we had pictures very quickly of the OVH fire. Google
           | seems to be not very transparent on what is exactly
           | happening...
        
             | stingraycharles wrote:
             | The linked article says that there was a leak in a water
             | cooling system, which in turn ended up in the battery
             | system which caused a fire. But yeah it's not coming from
             | Google but second hand reports.
        
         | DebtDeflation wrote:
         | Plot twist: the server racks were made out of sodium.
        
           | ironmagma wrote:
           | NaCl, the revolutionary Sodium Cloud technology.
        
           | H8crilA wrote:
           | You're not far off: the batteries are (probably) made of
           | lithium.
           | 
           | Also, why batteries in a datacenter? When you implement a
           | flush() command at the lowest level you're faced with two
           | choices: 1) actually write to disk, then return from the
           | call, 2) write to some cache/RAM and have just enough battery
           | locally to ensure that you can write it to disk even if all
           | power goes out.
           | 
           | Then there's the other problem of surviving long enough
           | between a power interruption and diesel generators starting
           | up. But this is a smaller problem, rebooting all instances in
           | a datacenter is less bad than losing some data that was
           | correctly flush()ed by software. Bad flush() behaviour can
           | result in errors that cannot be recovered from without a
           | complicated manual intervention (for example if it causes
           | corrupted and unreadable database files).
        
             | hoofhearted wrote:
             | The batteries in the datacenter are simply there to hold
             | the power until the generators are all up and running, and
             | the phases are in sync.
             | 
             | They create 3 separate arrays of batteries in each back.
             | Each array represents a power phase, A-B-C.. if I remember
             | correctly, each array has a number of low voltage/2000 amp
             | batteries connected in series to make up for a 2000amp 480
             | volt leg on the other end.
             | 
             | In a tier 4 plus+1 datacenter, they have 4 battery rooms
             | and 4 generators for each data pod. You have a primary
             | generator and UPS battery set, and a backup generator set
             | for each pod. And then that generator set has its own
             | primary and secondary backup set. The end result is that
             | they can work on any piece of equipment without
             | interrupting power. In the event they lost the primary set
             | or needed to take it offline for maintenance, they have the
             | whole secondary redundant set to fallback on.
             | 
             | The servers on the received on the power cord after it
             | passes the switchgear never know that there has been power
             | source changes on the other end.
        
             | walrus01 wrote:
             | > Also, why batteries in a datacenter?
             | 
             | Everything serious in the telecom/ISP infrastructure sector
             | has a big -48VDC battery plant, or preferably separate A
             | and B side -48VDC battery plants, to provide a significant
             | buffer between power going Grid --> AC-to-DC Rectifiers -->
             | Equipment, and when a generator can start up, warm up, and
             | transfer switch does its job.
             | 
             | Even if a bunch of servers don't have any UPS or battery
             | backup because they're designed to tolerate individual node
             | (or whole rack, or whole row failures) the core network
             | equipment in a datacenter will still have a huge battery
             | plant.
             | 
             | Ideally if you have a chilled water loop for cooling you do
             | not want it anywhere near your big-ass racks of batteries.
             | Or near the racks that contain the rectifiers and DC
             | breakers, distribution bus bars.
             | 
             | If you look at the battery racks in a traditional telco CO
             | in the US for instance you will see that all of the cabling
             | and batteries are a minimum of 1 foot off the floor, so
             | that the whole place could theoretically flood and the DC
             | distribution would remain unaffected. Same principle that
             | applies to very traditional setups with wet-cell 2V lead
             | acid batteries also applies to more modern things if
             | building from scratch.
        
               | eep_social wrote:
               | Very different trade offs in play for google who run with
               | a relatively high tolerance for failure at the individual
               | machine or even rack level. At one point I believe there
               | were batteries in every rack, though I don't know what
               | they're building these days. A telco DC is gonna have
               | more network interconnect with lower tolerance for
               | failure due to capacity impact that isn't easy to double.
               | 
               | Think like a fiber termination demarc vs an in-cluster
               | mesh.
        
               | walrus01 wrote:
               | What I was saying above is that the 'core' of a google DC
               | has a massive amount of network interconnect and needs
               | for battery backup not very different from a big IX point
               | or traditional "primary CO" for a city in a telco
               | environment.
               | 
               | By square footage maybe 95% of a google DC might have no
               | UPS or battery backup but the core network for things
               | like routers and DWDM transport equipment absolutely will
               | have such.
               | 
               | If they were unlucky enough that the burst cooling loop
               | met with the battery plant for the core gear in a
               | building or small campus of buildings....
        
               | manquer wrote:
               | Google cloud cannot run high tolerance failures . Google
               | the product wouldn't notice region or zone going down ,
               | google cloud customers will .
        
         | pcurve wrote:
         | The outage has been going on for 40+ hours now...
         | 
         | I think this is sort of big.
        
       | trollingagain wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | lukax wrote:
       | Google now has a "data lake" in Paris.
        
         | samstave wrote:
         | Funny enough, Lucas Film suffered a same outage because their
         | data center was backed up to the lake, and was basically under
         | water, and then the wall started to leak.....
        
         | Eji1700 wrote:
         | I'm down for coding to go full circle.
         | 
         | We called them bugs because you literally had to go in and get
         | the dead bugs out of your electrical system.
         | 
         | Now we can call it fishing because some pirate has sailed onto
         | your datalake and is looking for sunken hashes.
         | 
         | What do you think the hourly for Cloud Architect/Data lake
         | power boy level 1 should start at?
        
         | krisoft wrote:
         | I don't see the problem. Clouds are just water droplets anyway.
         | 
         | Joking asside I hope we will get a nice postmortem with juicy
         | civil engineering details.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | IntelMiner wrote:
         | Google's DC is underwater
         | 
         | OVH's caught fire
         | 
         | What's next, us-east-1 gets hit by Godzilla?
        
           | 1123581321 wrote:
           | Earthquakes and wind damage should be next.
        
           | glogla wrote:
           | Water and fire already had their way, I suspect tornado and a
           | landslide are next.
        
           | firstSpeaker wrote:
           | Some of the regions are so critical for AWS that them going
           | down will bring down most of the control plane :P
        
           | cgb223 wrote:
           | Lol us-east-1 already went down for a day back in 2017 when
           | an intern accidentally took down the whole DC. We could call
           | him "Godzilla"
           | 
           | Source: my startup (stupidly) hosted our entire infra in us-
           | east-1 at the time. Was a ...tough day
        
             | throwawaaarrgh wrote:
             | us-east-1 is a great place to test your application
             | resiliency :) it's like they threw in chaosmonkey for free!
        
               | mjr00 wrote:
               | It's funny because AWS, at least for the services I knew
               | of when I was there, did rolling deploys to each region
               | over several days. us-east-1 was always the final day
               | because it was the biggest region, so you'd _think_ it 'd
               | the safest region since everything getting deployed was
               | well-tested. But while I was there I remember at least 2
               | COEs where the root cause was basically, "us-east-1 had
               | some hacky legacy configuration that no other region has
               | and that wasn't known/accounted for."
        
             | vicch wrote:
             | sounds like an easy day to me, like when power goes out,
             | nothing to do anyway, esp. when the entire infra is there.
        
           | syngrog66 wrote:
           | if us-east-1 is not in Tokyo its safe
        
         | nyc_data_geek1 wrote:
         | This is not what I meant by digital ocean
        
           | walrus01 wrote:
           | This is what happens when your cloud condenses in the
           | water/vapor cycle and returns to liquid form temporarily.
        
         | nixcraft wrote:
         | I hope whoever is hosting data in that zone has thoroughly
         | tested and verified backups offline or with another cloud
         | provider. Of course, you can complete DC failover, depending
         | upon service needs, but it costs more resources. Either way,
         | timely tested backups are the only way to survive natural or
         | manufactured disasters. Good luck to Google OPs team and
         | everyone else involved with the GCP region in the EU.
        
         | perrohunter wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | palcu wrote:
       | [disclaimer: SRE @ Google, I was involved with the incident,
       | obvious conflicts of interest]
       | 
       | Hey Dang, thanks for cleaning up the thread. One thing to note is
       | that the title is not correct. The entire region is not currently
       | down, as the regional impact was mitigated as of 06:39 PDT, per
       | the support dashboard (though I think it was earlier). The impact
       | is currently zonal (europe-west9-a), so having zone in the title
       | as opposed to region would reflect reality closer.
       | 
       | Finally, there's lots of good feedback on this thread and on the
       | previous one (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35711349), so
       | we obviously have a lot of lessons to learn.
        
         | Waterluvian wrote:
         | Would you be able to comment a bit on the emotional (perhaps
         | there's a better word) aspect of the response?
         | 
         | Was there a lot of anxiety? Panic? Or was it just a "woof that
         | sucks. Time to follow a checklist and then do a bunch of paper
         | work" ?
         | 
         | What I'm curious about is what it feels like on a team at a
         | company like Google when there is a major system failure.
        
           | palcu wrote:
           | There's not much emotion as the core team working on the huge
           | outages is more like an "SRE for SRE". They are all people
           | who've been with the company for a long time and they've been
           | in the secondary seat for at least one previous big rodeo.
           | Not to mention that we're all running a checklist that has
           | been exercised multiple times and there's always somebody on
           | the call who could help if a step fails.
           | 
           | Personally, I wasn't part this time for the actual mitigation
           | of the overall Paris DC recovery, as I was busy with an
           | unfortunate[0] side effect of the outage. These generate more
           | anxiety, as being woken up at 6am and being told that nobody
           | understands exactly why the system is acting this way is not
           | great. But then again, we're trained for this situation and
           | there are always at least several ways of fixing the issue.
           | 
           | Finally, it's worth repeating that incident management is
           | just a part of the SRE job and after several years I've
           | understood that it is not the most important one. The best
           | SREs I know are not great when it comes to a huge incident.
           | But, they're work has avoided the other 99 outages that could
           | have appeared on the front page of Hacker News.
           | 
           | [0]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35734224
        
       | asymptotic wrote:
       | When I worked at AWS there was a similar scenario in eu-west-2.
       | There was a fire in one of the availability zones (AZs). The fire
       | suppression system kicked in and flooded the data center up to
       | ankle or knee height. All the racks were powered off and the
       | building was evacuated for hours (I don't remember the duration
       | of the evacuation) until the water was pumped out.
       | 
       | But for the service team I worked for, our AZ-evacuation story
       | wasn't great at the time and it took us tens of minutes to
       | manually move out of the AZ, but at least there wasn't a
       | customer-visible availability impact. Once we did it was just
       | monitoring and baby-sitting until we got the word to move back
       | in, I think it was 1-2 days later.
       | 
       | If you operate on AWS you work with the assumption that an AZ is
       | a failure domain, and can die at any time. Surprisingly many
       | service teams at AWS still operate services that don't handle AZ
       | failure that well (at the time). But if you operate services in
       | the cloud you have to know what the failure domain is.
        
       | Jgrubb wrote:
       | eu-west-9 is Paris
        
         | sgt wrote:
         | Apparently the servers were told they were expected to delay
         | their retirement a bit.
        
         | antifa wrote:
         | Thanks for posting which one, this is the most important detail
         | and should have been in the title...
        
       | jqpabc123 wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | tpmx wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | CydeWeys wrote:
         | > Due to software bugs other zones in the same region were also
         | previously down.
         | 
         | I don't think it was a software bug. I think they were taken
         | down as a precautionary measure, to not risk flood damage or
         | causing additional fires.
        
           | packetslave wrote:
           | and you're basing that on... what, exactly?
        
         | outworlder wrote:
         | The headline is not incorrect.
         | 
         | "Multiple Google Cloud services in the europe-west9 region are
         | impacted.
         | 
         | Description: Water intrusion in europe-west9-a has caused a
         | multi-cluster failure and has led to an emergency shutdown of
         | multiple zones. We expect general unavailability of the europe-
         | west9 region. There is no current ETA for recovery of
         | operations in the europe-west9 region at this time, but it is
         | expected to be an extended outage"
         | 
         | Emergency shutdown of multiple zones.
         | 
         | As of a few hours ago they changed the status to report just on
         | us-west9-a.
        
           | tpmx wrote:
           | > As of a few hours ago they changed the status to report
           | just on us-west9-a.
           | 
           | The headline is 1h20m old and says a region is currently
           | down.
        
             | outworlder wrote:
             | Even the article linked mentions that Google initially
             | reported that only zone A was affected, then got changed to
             | report that the whole region was affected, now it changed
             | to a single zone again.
             | 
             | Do you expect realtime updates whenever Google changes the
             | story?
        
       | pclmulqdq wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | sgt wrote:
         | And ironed
        
       | kortex wrote:
       | A perfect example of when "cloud just means someone else's
       | computers". It's literally a leaky abstraction.
        
         | benatkin wrote:
         | 1) Pay for stuff
         | 
         | 2) Not be able to use it
         | 
         | 3) Company continues to pretend this doesn't happen on the
         | regular
        
           | worldsavior wrote:
           | > Company continues to pretend this doesn't happen on the
           | regular
           | 
           | What do you want them to say? "Hey we have X breakdowns but
           | please, pay!"
        
             | benatkin wrote:
             | Admit that it's not really serverless or cloud computing
             | but _someone else 's computers_.
             | 
             | Or just cut down on nonsense in some way.
             | 
             | If they can figure out how to make nonsense, they can
             | figure out how to dial it back.
        
               | zztop44 wrote:
               | I don't see how this is a good argument? Yes, it's
               | someone else's computers. That they rent me by the month
               | or the hour or the second through a programmatic
               | interface. That's exactly the product I want. And it's
               | not surprising that it has outages sometimes because at
               | the end of the day, yeah, it's still just a bunch of
               | computers someone has put in a room somewhere.
        
               | Eji1700 wrote:
               | Yeah this is the usual backlash of experts vs marketing
               | vs management.
               | 
               | Someone else managing your shit so you don't have to is a
               | market in just about every industry, and it makes a ton
               | of sense in tech where things don't even have to be on
               | the same continent to work (or very specifically NEED to
               | be on another one if you're international).
               | 
               | There's a ton of companies that have jumped to the cloud
               | that probably shouldn't have, and even more who should've
               | jumped, but not nearly as much as they did. Still it's a
               | useful service.
               | 
               | Now of course it being a useful service, that also
               | happens to be so obscenely expensive to start up barely
               | anyone does it, means it comes with all the miserable
               | obfuscation, bullshit fine print, total lack of support,
               | and every other horrible thing we've come to expect from
               | the modern world, but "It's just someone else's
               | computer!" isn't changing any minds.
               | 
               | Either they already knew that or they never cared.
        
               | benatkin wrote:
               | No, "serverless" is a toxic term. I get that it exists
               | and I can't do anything about it except refuse to use it.
               | It isn't something I misunderstand because I'm not a
               | marketing person though. It is a term that I understand
               | and disagree with.
               | 
               | Cloud Computing I agree is a usual concept that marketing
               | and experts often disagree about.
        
             | p1necone wrote:
             | It's more that everyone advertises so many 9's of uptime,
             | but in reality they don't count anything less than a total
             | outage of an entire datacenter as actual downtime against
             | that statistic.
        
         | doubled112 wrote:
         | Sure is leaky. And a cloud is a bunch of water vapour that
         | eventually comes crashing down to earth. I'll never understand
         | how we decided it was a good metaphor for a place we run our
         | services.
         | 
         | Startlingly accurate in this case.
        
           | dijit wrote:
           | "the cloud" comes from old network diagrams that used cloud
           | to mean "internet" or "unknown network".
           | 
           | I think "unknown network" definitely accurately captures what
           | hyperscalers are selling. :)
        
           | paulmd wrote:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AnxrJiS5uKU
        
           | 88913527 wrote:
           | After spending 5 minutes engaging with Product Managers, I am
           | not at all surprised they landed on calling it 'the Cloud'.
        
         | throwaway2729 wrote:
         | google cloud poised for precipitous fall
        
       | kotaKat wrote:
       | Ah, a rainy day in the cloud.
        
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       (page generated 2023-04-27 23:01 UTC)