[HN Gopher] NitroKey disappoints me
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       NitroKey disappoints me
        
       Author : cunidev
       Score  : 128 points
       Date   : 2023-04-25 21:11 UTC (1 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.brixit.nl)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.brixit.nl)
        
       | wepple wrote:
       | Maybe NitroKey are surfacing something useful and potentially
       | concerning, but they way they do it is so cheap that it
       | completely turns me off their brand. It's a bunch of negativity-
       | hype with a "so buy our phone" tacked on.
       | 
       | If you handed a Nitrophone to any competent security researcher,
       | I bet they'd find a ton of issues. Same with the NitroKey; that
       | feature list is far too extensive to not have issues.
        
         | DANmode wrote:
         | So everyone is considering the same points: are you saying this
         | in knowledge of their published audits?
        
       | dchest wrote:
       | The author didn't address the list of things the devices
       | allegedly sent when downloading A-GPS files, from the original
       | article:
       | 
       | 1. Unique ID
       | 
       | 2. Chipset name
       | 
       | 3. Chipset serial number
       | 
       | 5. XTRA software version
       | 
       | 6. Mobile country code
       | 
       | 7. Mobile network code (allowing identification of country and
       | wireless operator)
       | 
       | 8. Type of operating system and version
       | 
       | 9. Device make and model
       | 
       | 10. Time since the last boot of the application processor and
       | modem
       | 
       | 11. List of the software on the device
       | 
       | 12. IP address
        
         | MartijnBraam wrote:
         | That's not a list of things allegedly sent. That's a list the
         | lawyers put in a legal document to not get sued in case it
         | happens.
        
         | not2b wrote:
         | The author claims that none of the above information is
         | actually sent, other than the IP address which is unavoidable
         | to download a static file. I don't know who is right because I
         | haven't seen the actual intercepted HTTP traffic.
        
           | iudqnolq wrote:
           | It is odd that neither article quotes from the policies
           | linked from the domain they're talking about.
           | 
           | I think the relevant section is "Qualcomm GNSS Assistance
           | Service" on https://www.qualcomm.com/site/privacy/services
           | 
           | > The Qualcomm GNSS Assistance Service downloads to your
           | device a data file from QTI containing the predicted orbits
           | of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites.
           | The Qualcomm GNSS Assistance Service also uploads a small
           | amount of data to us comprised of: a randomly generated
           | unique software ID that is not associated to you or to other
           | IDs, the chipset name and serial number, the Qualcomm GNSS
           | Assistance Service software version, the mobile country
           | code(s) and network code(s) (allowing identification of
           | country and wireless operator), the type of operating system
           | and version, device make and model, the date and time of
           | connection to the server, the time since the last boot of the
           | application processor and modem, and a list of QTI software
           | on the device.
           | 
           | > As with any internet connection, we will also receive the
           | IP address the device used to send us data. We use the data
           | we collect to evaluate, maintain, and improve the performance
           | of our systems and to determine general location (but not
           | specific geolocation). We do not sell (as that term is
           | defined under the California Consumer Privacy Act) the full
           | IP address, unique software ID, or chipset serial number, and
           | we share personal data only under the limited circumstances
           | described in this Policy.
        
             | not2b wrote:
             | I didn't ask about what the policy document says, but about
             | what is actually transferred by the chip itself,
             | independently of the OS. Since it's not encrypted this can
             | be determined.
        
               | iudqnolq wrote:
               | Okay but I don't see why you're so skeptical of the
               | policy.
               | 
               | This is all normal telemetry data roughly analogous to
               | what most websites collect. Why are you assuming they're
               | probably collecting much less?
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | s1k3s wrote:
       | I've criticized the original article for lack of information
       | here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35698547#35703662
       | 
       | However, this blog post takes it too far:
       | 
       | > It proceeds to not show the contents of this HTTP request
       | because it would show that it's not at all interesting. It does
       | not contain any private data.
       | 
       | You don't know that, nor do you take any steps to actually prove
       | your claim. This blog post is just as bad as the original post
       | for not providing any evidence to your claims.
       | 
       | To add to that: OP seems to summarize the HN comments section
       | without even citing it.
       | 
       | I'm double disappointed :)
        
         | MartijnBraam wrote:
         | I have not even seen the HN comment section before writing this
         | post
        
       | kotaKat wrote:
       | Also to mention... A-GPS is _extremely_ crucial to the
       | underpinnings of the e911 system. Having rapid fixes means
       | quicker positioning data being sent over the wire to the 911
       | center.
        
       | magicalhippo wrote:
       | Was just looking at NitroKey after realizing my SoloKey v2[1]
       | won't come for yet another few months.
       | 
       | Given that they use similar firmware, the headline scared me a
       | bit. However the article is about their marketing of an entirely
       | different device, not their new Yubikey replacement.
       | 
       | The wait continues... not super-surprised though, crowd funding
       | hardware is super-risky and I knew that.
       | 
       | [1]: https://solokeys.com/
        
         | atoponce wrote:
         | I was very disappointed in that Kickstarter. Yubikey ran a 54%
         | off discount May 4th last year and not knowing when I would get
         | my v2 SoloKeys, I purchased two. I had them within the week and
         | have since integrated them into all my accounts.
         | 
         | I debated backing out of the Kickstarter as the Yubikeys were
         | working so well for me, but decided to stick with it and see
         | what the SoloKey experience would be like. Yeah, disappointing.
         | I ordered USB-A and USB-C keys. The USB-A key doesn't make a
         | good connection with the USB port. It needs to be carefully
         | held to register with the OS, otherwise it doesn't get power.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related ongoing thread:
       | 
       |  _Smartphones with Qualcomm chip secretly send personal data to
       | Qualcomm_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35698547 - April
       | 2023 (263 comments)
        
       | dmbche wrote:
       | Straight, concise, clear and to the point.
       | 
       | Thanks!
        
       | biomcgary wrote:
       | Are A-GPS files tied to location or the same for everyone?
       | Hopefully, the latter.
        
         | MartijnBraam wrote:
         | This is basically a copy of a signal broadcast worldwide by the
         | GPS satellites. Just static data.
        
           | radicalbyte wrote:
           | You can transfer a lot of information in a request, it's one
           | of the oldest tricks in the book.
           | 
           | Whilst I also had a bad taste in my mouth once I got to them
           | shilling their product (it was a double-check - wait a sec
           | this Nitro phone they're talking about it's their own bloody
           | phone?) that doesn't change the fact that this unexpected
           | behaviour is a problem.
           | 
           | What we need to see is the actual HTTP requests, either from
           | Nitro or - even better - from a third party who verify it.
        
             | jcrawfordor wrote:
             | Nitro's product also does it, but maybe they download the
             | file from themselves or another vendor. Every internet-
             | connected GPS device does it, and this has been the case
             | since even before smartphones took off. If they don't,
             | first fix in a day will take 10-15 minutes of solid
             | reception.
             | 
             | Some GPS chipsets will perform A-GPS internally using a
             | baseband IP stack, but most smartphones actually don't and
             | expect a daemon to handle it since the OS has more
             | sophisticated ways of deciding what network connection to
             | use for the download. This is the most common case for
             | Android, the OS downloads the file and uses a kernel module
             | to provide it to the GPS chipset. The chipset vendors,
             | including Qualcomm here, provide this service as part of
             | their userspace components.
             | 
             | An IIOT LTE module I use has an onboard IP stack and AGPS
             | implementation since it's intended for use in contexts
             | where there isn't necessarily a conventional OS connected
             | to it, maybe just a serial data logger or whatever. The
             | A-GPS requests it makes contain so little data it's a bit
             | comical, the bare minimum for a valid HTTP request. Another
             | reason it's nice to have the OS do it is since that tends
             | to get you access to a more complete HTTP library.
        
               | radicalbyte wrote:
               | Thanks (and to Maarten too, for some reason I can't reply
               | to his post) that explains it.
               | 
               | Nitro have made rather large claims; if they're real
               | security experts then they need to share the details or
               | GTFO.
        
             | MartijnBraam wrote:
             | You don't need a third party, you just need to check your
             | network traffic. The issue is that this request is not sent
             | very often because this data is valid pretty long.
             | 
             | But it's basically just fetching
             | https://xtrapath4.izatcloud.net/xtra2.bin with cron (or
             | some other subdomain, depending on the SoC) and uploading
             | that to the gps module so it has atmospheric corrections.
        
         | kotaKat wrote:
         | Static data for the entire system. A-GPS files are just a
         | digital ephemeris[1], a form of trajectory tables for the
         | satellites over (upcoming) time, so it knows when to expect
         | certain satellites (and thus certain transponder frequencies to
         | pick first in its search for signals to lock onto and
         | triangulate from).
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephemeris
        
         | andrewaylett wrote:
         | A-GPS provides a current almanac, showing where all the
         | satellites actually are. Without it, a cold start requires
         | hunting for signals across a much wider range. As I understand
         | it, older GPS receivers rely on finding a single satellite and
         | waiting to acquire a full almanac from it while smartphones
         | have enough compute to _probably_ get a lock on multiple
         | satellites without a complete dataset. The satellites will
         | eventually broadcast the complete almanac and ephemerides, so a
         | warm start shouldn 't take as long.
         | 
         | D-GPS uses the known location and current readings from a
         | nearby fixed receiver to increase the accuracy of your
         | receiver, and does rely on knowing that you're in the vicinity,
         | but it's not a feature of consumer phones.
        
         | VWWHFSfQ wrote:
         | I'm fairly sure they're just static files
        
           | amluto wrote:
           | How would the server even know the client's location? By IP
           | address? That would make GPS work poorly when using a VPN or
           | a wireless network with unusual routing.
        
             | jcrawfordor wrote:
             | The data isn't location based, it's the same for everyone.
             | The GPS control center updates it once an hour or so, but
             | it's applicable globally. As the article explains, GPS
             | satellites broadcast it, but at a low bitrate so it takes a
             | long time to receive. Much faster to just download it from
             | the internet. Because of the architecture of GPS in phones
             | (which is basically a historic artifact, the chipset is
             | expected to provide NMEA sentences and the OS doesn't want
             | to be more deeply involved than that) AGPS needs to happen
             | at a fairly low level.
        
             | tialaramex wrote:
             | In principle AGPS can send the GPS radio data to a remote
             | server and have the server do the difficult maths then send
             | back your position. This is apparently a thing somebody
             | actually designed, however since "doing difficult maths" is
             | now very cheap you'd obviously just do that on the phone.
        
             | iudqnolq wrote:
             | It's not that unreasonable an assumption. Qualcomm offers a
             | different opt-in service under the same name that does use
             | location data.
             | 
             | Basically your phone uploads sensor data like cell tower
             | strength and WiFi strength, and their service estimates
             | your location. The your device locally uses
             | gyro/accelerometer to fine-tune.
             | 
             | See Qualcomm Location Service (formerly "IZat Location
             | Services" or "IZat") on
             | https://www.qualcomm.com/site/privacy/services
        
       | snvzz wrote:
       | IP packets should not be sent or received behind our backs, and
       | certainly firmware should not be bypassing the operating system
       | to do this.
       | 
       | Whether it is useful for A-GPS does not matter. It must be done
       | on top of the operating system or not done at all.
        
         | wepple wrote:
         | > IP packets should not be sent or received behind our backs
         | 
         | I like this idea in principle, but I have bad news for you if
         | you ever want to own literally any modern device - phone,
         | laptop, tablet, car, TV, rice cooker etc
         | 
         | The only solution is some kind of network-level allowlisting
         | which would be impossible to maintain, and stop working the
         | second you're outside a known network (ie LTE)
        
         | MartijnBraam wrote:
         | This is not even done by firmware, it's just part of qualcomms
         | android userspace.
        
         | charcircuit wrote:
         | This isn't happening behind your back. A-GPS isn't a secret
         | feature in phones.
        
           | psychphysic wrote:
           | No! I want every single request my phone might make explained
           | to me in advance!
        
             | nathants wrote:
             | you jest, but this is actually fine.
             | 
             | do this via mighty-snitch[1] on any postmarketos phone. any
             | network request passing through the linux kernel gets
             | filtered.
             | 
             | still hosed if it's hardware level nonsense unfortunately.
             | 
             | the only reason i'm not daily driving postmarketos is lack
             | of gpu acceleration for firefox. hopefully soon!
             | 
             | 1. https://github.com/nathants/mighty-snitch
        
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       (page generated 2023-04-25 23:00 UTC)