[HN Gopher] Use of antibiotics in farming 'endangering human imm...
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       Use of antibiotics in farming 'endangering human immune system'
        
       Author : mdp2021
       Score  : 282 points
       Date   : 2023-04-25 14:20 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | jelliclesfarm wrote:
       | Never have humans in the history of their entire existence
       | consumed so much meat in their daily diet. To imagine that this
       | comes with no consequences is just naive.
        
         | kahrl wrote:
         | "Never have humans in the history of their entire existence
         | consumed so much meat in their daily diet." Source:
         | jelliclesfarm's mind.
         | 
         | Inuits would like a word with you.
        
         | amanaplanacanal wrote:
         | This can't possibly be true. The Inuit for example lived almost
         | entirely from meat before agriculturalists started trading
         | wheat flour to them.
        
           | BetterAdmin wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
         | hombre_fatal wrote:
         | People usually use the opposite argument: if we've been eating
         | meat for so long, how could it be bad?
         | 
         | A food we've evolved with can have a negative impact on us
         | because the evolutionary trade-off is to optimize for
         | reproductive age. Something like high cholesterol, for example,
         | didn't stop our ancestors from siring children in their teens
         | and 20s.
         | 
         | On the other hand, foods we started eating recently including
         | novel foods don't have this antagonist pleiotropic effect.
         | 
         | But we did evolve with meat.
        
           | biorach wrote:
           | The point is the _amount_, not whether we co-evolved or not
        
       | Elgasso wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | decafninja wrote:
       | Tangent, but my wife's side of the family is Korean, whereas
       | myself and my side of the family is Korean American.
       | 
       | I was surprised at how liberally antibiotics are given out in the
       | Korean medical system, even for health issues that shouldn't be
       | bacterial. Many members of her family routinely pop antibiotic
       | pills to treat the common cold or flu. They don't take a "full
       | course" either - just a pill a day for a few days until they feel
       | better. When they got Covid, they were again popping antibiotic
       | pills to "treat" it. They swear it works, and this behavior is
       | apparently commonplace there.
       | 
       | I have very positive views on the Korean medical system, and
       | think it generally beats the American one in almost every aspect.
       | But this attitude towards antibiotics was shocking.
       | 
       | My wife doesn't partake in this mainly because antibiotics are
       | extremely rough on her stomach.
       | 
       | I don't think they're having problems with antibiotic resistance
       | there either, so what gives?
        
         | canucker2016 wrote:
         | Perhaps it has to do with Koreans eating kimchi, which are high
         | in probiotics (compared to food in typical western diet)?
         | 
         | Antibiotics would wipe out much of the bacteria in your gut,
         | providing space for deadly bacteria to colonize the gut. But
         | kimchi's probiotics would repopulate the gut bacteria to reduce
         | the chances for deadly bacteria to grow.
         | 
         | Does your wife eat a lot of kimchi?
        
           | decafninja wrote:
           | Of course, we're Korean, so that goes without saying.
           | 
           | However my understanding is that while antibiotics will wipe
           | out your gut bacteria pretty quickly, it takes a much longer
           | time for it to repopulate, probiotics or otherwise.
        
         | ye-olde-sysrq wrote:
         | I think human use of antibiotics, even when used frivolously
         | like that, are less of a problem than agricultural use.
         | 
         | Antibiotics-resistance is typically an expensive trait for
         | bacteria to maintain, and without selective pressure, it'll
         | typically be selected against. (It's why rotating antibiotics
         | works.)
         | 
         | Also a pill a day, infrequently, is probably also not a big
         | deal.
         | 
         | The problem arises in agricultural use when antibiotics are fed
         | to cattle every single day, with every meal, to every head of
         | cattle, in every ranch. _That_ creates an environment where you
         | 're selecting for bacteria resistant to antibiotics. But even
         | if antiobotics start being resisted, we just need to stop using
         | them for a while and they'll become effective again. Sucks for
         | the people infected the the bacteria though. So we can take
         | some amount of heart in that abusing antibiotics is unlikely to
         | end humanity, it just might create a huge humanitarian disaster
         | at some point, which as we've seen, modern capitalism is very
         | prepared to ~handle~ ignore.
        
         | AuryGlenz wrote:
         | We live in an interconnected world so I don't think there would
         | be any localized antibiotic resistance - the effect of that
         | will diffuse across the planet quickly.
         | 
         | That said, I wonder what their IBS rates are like. That can't
         | be great for their gut biome.
        
           | decafninja wrote:
           | Sample size of one, but even a half course of antibiotics
           | wreaks havoc on my wife's gut. Which is why she doesn't
           | follow the rest of her family in popping antibiotics for the
           | common cold.
           | 
           | In contrast though, she had a surgical operation last year
           | (in the US). The hospital refused to give her antibiotics
           | immediately following the operation, saying she probably
           | wouldn't need it. This was shocking for her - and the
           | surgical site actually did end up getting mildly infected.
        
           | davidjones332 wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
             | tcoff91 wrote:
             | My gut is only healthy when I'm mostly eating plants, it's
             | crazy to make a blanket statement that eating plants is bad
             | for your gut. How are you supposed to get fiber without
             | plants?
        
               | contingencies wrote:
               | Did the grandparent a miss a _not_? It seems for many
               | people IBS is caused by _not_ eating plants, ie. a diet
               | lacking fiber.
        
               | ravenstine wrote:
               | Fiber isn't essential to the human diet.
        
               | davidjones332 wrote:
               | I feel sorry for your poor body. It is trying to make
               | muscles, tissues from foliage and leaves, it is tragic.
               | 
               | What does fiber do for your body, it helps you poop?
               | Carnivores rarely need to poop and when we do it is very
               | small. Our body absorbs and can make use of every bit of
               | the animals we consume.
               | 
               | The body is designed to use animals for fuel and has done
               | so for millennia. I even eat the bones by making a broth
               | every day when I eat. Whose body is happier.. your body
               | trying to make bone from leaves or my body using the
               | collagen from the broth to make bone? I need no fiber to
               | help me poop.
               | 
               | Your leaves are trash , it is trying to poop it all out
               | and it cant even do that because there is so much trash
               | it is clogging up your intestines. The only reason your
               | gut seems healthy with plants is because your biome is
               | full of plant eating bacteria due to your past mistakes.
               | Without plants you get sick now as that bacteria is dying
               | off. I doubt your ancestors had a bad gut and required
               | fiber or they were constipated one day vs shitting in
               | ditches most of the next day feeling nauseous , no they
               | hunted and ate meat and there was none of this "where do
               | you get fiber from" ...
        
               | ted_bunny wrote:
               | If it sounds so ridiculous, maybe consider that you're
               | putting words in their mouth.
        
         | pazimzadeh wrote:
         | The idea that you need to take a full course of antibiotics
         | came from studies which were done in patients with
         | tuberculosis, which is very recalcitrant to treatment.
         | 
         | Depending on the infection that you have, finishing the course
         | may not always be the best option since it nukes your
         | microbiota and selects for more resistant pathogens. It depends
         | on the rate of mutation of each pathogen, amongst other
         | factors.
         | 
         | The antibiotic course has had its day
         | 
         | https://www.bmj.com/content/358/bmj.j3418
         | 
         | https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/is-the-full-course-of-an...
         | 
         | In the cancer field, where resistance is also very common,
         | there are some groups exploring 'adaptive therapy' also known
         | as 'press-pulse' therapy, where you intentionally stop
         | treatment when symptoms go away, in order to maintain a
         | population of the drug-sensitive cells, which will compete with
         | the drug-resistant cells (since being resistant takes energy).
         | It's not curative but when resistance is inevitable, could pro-
         | long life of the patient. I wonder if this type of thing has
         | already been tried with antibiotics.
         | 
         | Modifying Adaptive Therapy to Enhance Competitive Suppression
         | 
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7761372/
         | 
         | Press-pulse: a novel therapeutic strategy for the metabolic
         | management of cancer
         | 
         | https://nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10...
        
         | xiande04 wrote:
         | This happens in a lot of developing countries, but I'm
         | surprised at SK. I've spent a lot of time in Mexico and
         | Colombia. It's that way down there - antibiotics for
         | everything.
        
         | fauxpause_ wrote:
         | I don't think it's clear that antibiotic resistance is a
         | sustainable effective trait for bacteria to survive in an
         | ecosystem that is not constantly under antibiotics (more so
         | than what you're implying about Korea). Thinking of it as a
         | passive trait without trade offs may not be correct.
         | 
         | On the other hand, if that does hold true and it does become a
         | common passive trait, then the world is fucked.
        
         | testfoobar wrote:
         | I am surprised this happens in Korea. I know such attitudes
         | about antibiotics are commonplace in the developing world.
         | Pharmacists are in the business of selling pills - a doctor's
         | prescription isn't always necessary, but Korea is a high
         | income, well educated country...
         | 
         | 1. New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi_metallo-beta-lactama...
         | 
         | "NDM-1[1] is an enzyme that makes bacteria resistant to a broad
         | range of beta-lactam antibiotics. These include the antibiotics
         | of the carbapenem family, which are a mainstay for the
         | treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections."
         | 
         | 2. Antibiotic usage and resistance in Mexico: an update after a
         | decade of change. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33956642/
         | 
         | "Ten years ago, a review on the status of resistance in Mexico
         | was bleak: with antibiotics freely sold over the counter and
         | poor regulation of generic drugs, among other conditions,
         | resistance among relevant pathogens often ranked top, either
         | among Latin American countries, or even worldwide. "
        
         | mcguire wrote:
         | That is actually pretty similar to what Americans did before
         | 2000 or 2010, until antibiotic resistance started being
         | generally known.
        
           | sarchertech wrote:
           | You'd need to go back further than that. Way back in 2002 I
           | was shocked at my then girlfriend's family's overuse of
           | antibiotics.
           | 
           | Her family was from Mexico and they regularly bought them
           | without a prescription at the Mexican grocery store. They'd
           | use them the way I used Tylenol.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | Antibiotic overuse is shockingly common in a lot of countries.
         | A company I worked for had a lot of remote offices around the
         | world that I interacted with over video. Whenever I had
         | allergies or a runny nose, I'd get a lot of people asking me
         | why I'm not taking antibiotics. They'd recommend different
         | types of antibiotics that they thought "cured" their last cold.
         | 
         | There are many countries where pharmacies don't require
         | prescriptions for common drugs. People can stop by the pharmacy
         | and grab some antibiotics whenever they feel like taking some.
         | 
         | The United States isn't totally immune. Many people go to the
         | doctor at the first signs of a cold and _demand_ antibiotics.
         | Most doctors will refuse, but some of them start writing
         | prescriptions so the patients will go away and leave a good
         | review. Anecdotally, online local parenting groups always seem
         | to have some group of people swapping tips about which doctors
         | will prescribe antibiotics so they can go get the drugs they
         | want. There are also the people who order fish antibiotics and
         | take it themselves, too.
         | 
         | Antibiotic resistance is only part of the problem.
         | Unnecessarily destroying gut bacteria is not great. Getting C.
         | Diff. Colitis is not fun.
        
           | noduerme wrote:
           | The US may have gone too far the opposite way. Under-dosing
           | also leads to resistance. I had pneumonia and was under
           | prescribed repeatedly for 2 months before going to a doctor
           | who was willing to write give me a high enough dose of simple
           | amoxicillin (!!) to knock it out in two days.
        
             | jvanderbot wrote:
             | My whole family had strep throat for a month. I'm convinced
             | it's because they were reticent to prescribe antibiotics
             | strong enough. They said "You'll feel better in 24 hours,
             | promise", and when I called 3 days later with a fever
             | still, they just told me to ride out the course.
        
       | goaheaddownvote wrote:
       | People are kinda stupid when it comes to eating meat. The current
       | scale of meat consumption [1] is just mind boggling. Yet even
       | this comment has to be a throwaway because people can't handle
       | someone telling them they shouldn't eat meat 2x a day.
       | 
       | It's bad for the environment, it's bad for individual health,
       | it's bad for collective health (breeding drug resistance and
       | causing pandemics), and all that is before we even talk about the
       | mass scale of needless suffering inflicted on other sentient
       | beings.
       | 
       | I don't know what the solution is, because as soon as you mention
       | eating less meat people laugh at you or get super defensive.
       | "What, do you care about the animals?" is something I've had
       | people say to me in all seriousness.
       | 
       | When I gave it up it felt similar to giving up cigarettes, you
       | get depressed and feel exiled from a joy you used to share with
       | others. But that's what addiction does to you and once you get to
       | the other side you wonder how you even participated in such
       | negative behavior in the first place.
       | 
       | My fantasy solution is everyone needs to go get a meat
       | consumption license by going to a farm and killing an animal with
       | a knife in their hands every, say, 10 years. If you can't do it,
       | then you have no business participating in consuming it. Bonus
       | points if you're a regular hunter.
       | 
       | [1] https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/animals-slaughtered-
       | for-m...
        
         | concordDance wrote:
         | Downvoting because you insult people without providing the
         | required citations, even though I somewhat agree.
         | 
         | Also, this really doesn't work at all: My fantasy solution is
         | everyone needs to go get a meat consumption license by going to
         | a farm and killing an animal with a knife in their hands every,
         | say, 10 years.
         | 
         | Humans used to do that for hundreds of thousands of years.
        
         | Adverblessly wrote:
         | > It's bad for the environment
         | 
         | If you are worried about carbon emissions, just tax them
         | directly and use that money to offset them. If meat then
         | becomes uneconomical, then I guess that's that and people will
         | reduce their consumption accordingly. Though honestly I suspect
         | that if we did that we'll magically find new ways to farm meat
         | that will be less carbon intensive (which is just another
         | reason to do it).
         | 
         | > it's bad for individual health
         | 
         | Eating more meat has actually been great for my individual
         | health, since it has a low glycemic index and high satiation
         | per calorie. Thanks to all the weight I've lost my blood
         | pressure and cholesterol have both really improved. It would've
         | been almost impossible for me without meat.
         | 
         | > it's bad for collective health (breeding drug resistance and
         | causing pandemics)
         | 
         | That sounds like a case for banning antibiotics in agriculture,
         | not for not eating meat.
         | 
         | > and all that is before we even talk about the mass scale of
         | needless suffering inflicted on other sentient beings.
         | 
         | I don't mean to sound offensive here, but I suspect that this
         | is the only reason people that care about this actually care
         | about, since every other reason brought out just ends up
         | feeling like an excuse brought forth to strengthen this
         | position even though the solution doesn't actually require
         | forgoing meat.
         | 
         | > My fantasy solution is everyone needs to go get a meat
         | consumption license by going to a farm and killing an animal
         | with a knife in their hands every, say, 10 years. If you can't
         | do it, then you have no business participating in consuming it.
         | Bonus points if you're a regular hunter.
         | 
         | At the very least you'd have to make an exception for people
         | who are too old/weak/disabled to do it themselves. Also a
         | problem for Kashrut since an animal killed that way would not
         | be Kosher. I believe it would not be Halal either.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | yesco wrote:
         | Overuse of antibiotics in livestock is certainly a problem, but
         | this is also true for many of the pesticides we use for plant
         | farming and our lack of standardized irrigation water testing
         | (in the US) which has lead to issues like the recent E. Coli
         | outbreak in lettuce. In general modern farming of all kinds has
         | issues that need to be addressed, I don't see any exclusivity
         | in the meat category.
         | 
         | I will continue eating meat, I believe it is *good* for both
         | individual health and collective health. In fact the amount of
         | vegans I've met in life who didn't look like they were
         | suffering from some illness has been very rare, only
         | solidifying my position on this.
         | 
         | I'm comfortable with meat prices going up if it resolves the
         | antibiotics issue, but I'm unconvinced by the moral arguments
         | you disguise as health arguments.
        
           | foxyv wrote:
           | Every Vegan I know either looks like an underwear model or an
           | athlete. Doesn't mean that all of them are like that though.
           | Although being Vegan definitely stops you from eating at most
           | horrible fast food places. Whenever someone asks me if I feel
           | healthier since cutting out meat I just say "Beer is Vegan."
           | 
           | The moral arguments are pretty solid though. The amount of
           | rainforest currently being clear cut to make way for cattle
           | is insane. Ecosystem destruction is being fueled heavily by
           | the demand for meat products. The US used to be covered in
           | huge forests that were clear cut for cattle, way before any
           | of us were born. Use of antibiotics is just one more aspect
           | of why we should probably cut back heavily on beef.
           | 
           | The pricing does a good job of this, but I would encourage
           | meat eaters to reduce consumption of beef products as much as
           | possible. Maybe make it an occasional treat instead of the
           | main course of every meal.
        
             | stametseater wrote:
             | > _Every Vegan I know either looks like an underwear model
             | or an athlete_
             | 
             | That sounds like the vegetarians I know. The vegans I know
             | look like cancer patients.
        
           | goaheaddownvote wrote:
           | I agree with you here. I'm not advocating everyone be vegan
           | -- I'm not even personally vegan! I don't even think most
           | people should be vegetarian, as much as I'd love to live in
           | that future. I don't even think I made any arguments one way
           | or the other, just that it's generally pretty bad and maybe
           | we should do less of it!
           | 
           | I just find that most people when confronted with a fairly
           | straightforward way to mitigate massive environmental and
           | global health problems (eat less meat), people will get up in
           | arms and defensive and shut the conversation down
           | immediately. They'll make all sorts of assumptions about what
           | you're implying about them, which I feel like points to the
           | fact that people in their deepest self know that it's
           | somewhat wrong.
           | 
           | It's kinda funny is all, it's the same behavior I engaged in
           | when people told me I should consider smoking less or not at
           | all.
        
           | PuppyTailWags wrote:
           | > In fact the amount of vegans I've met in life who didn't
           | look like they were suffering from some illness has been very
           | rare, only solidifying my position on this.
           | 
           | I would push against this sort of anecdotal view. The circle
           | of people we eat with (and therefore know the dietary
           | restrictions of) tend to be quite low compared to all the
           | people we meet with on a day to day. Additionally, "looking
           | sick" is a vague enough assessment that simply knowing
           | someone is a vegan may very easily cause you to be much more
           | critical of their appearance, and vice versa you may see
           | someone who looks sick to you and then pay more attention to
           | their dietary habits than you ordinarily would. Another thing
           | to note is that _all dietary restriction lifestyles_ is
           | subject to a noticeably higher rate of disordered eating or
           | intestinal issue that leads to the person participating in
           | the dietary change and therefore it may be important to first
           | determine if the disordered eating or gut issue caused
           | veganism vs the other way around.
           | 
           | That is to say: even though I am neutral towards veganism
           | itself, your logic as to why meat is good reads to me as
           | quite flawed and poorly reasoned around.
        
             | yesco wrote:
             | What do you want me to say here? The science is pretty much
             | settled that we are omnivores, you can't just ditch meat
             | without consequences. Yes there are substitutes, but in
             | practice do vegans consistently eat these at the right
             | amount to compensate for the lack of meat in their diet?
             | Well my first hand experience tells me this is a big fat
             | NO.
             | 
             | Let's put it another way, imagine some guy likes to pester
             | you about your eating habits, says they are unhealthy, and
             | that _their_ diet is healthy. Well the burden of proof is
             | on _them_ and as someone who cares about staying fit, if
             | the guy trying to convince me either looks like skin  &
             | bones, or is overweight, then they are already on shakey
             | ground. This has been my first hand experience multiple
             | times.
             | 
             | Ultimately my ancedote is not meant to be a counter-
             | argument, but instead a reminder to those reading to touch
             | grass. Because why wouldn't your personal experiences
             | matter more than the anecdotes and misinformation spread by
             | strangers online? (This applies to my own anecdote as well)
        
               | PuppyTailWags wrote:
               | I'm just saying that "well everyone I met who is vegan
               | looks sick" is shoddy reasoning to proclaim eating meat
               | is the healthy behavior. That's it. I already clearly
               | said I have no opinion on veganism itself, nor am I
               | pestering you with a claim that any one diet is healthy.
        
           | hombre_fatal wrote:
           | Most people on this forum are flabby omnivores but nobody is
           | going to use that observation to condemn plants or meat
           | because it doesn't make sense. Same with someone's carnivore
           | hot dog diet. Or someone's vegan Skittles diet.
        
           | biorach wrote:
           | >I don't see any exclusivity in the meat category
           | 
           | It's exclusive in the resource requirements, which are an
           | order of magnitude greater than for plant-based foods.
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | "I don't know what the solution is"
         | 
         | I'll get hate for my comment too, but the answer is less
         | people.
         | 
         | Resource consumption (for multiple resources) and freedom are
         | competing interests. You have to trade freedom to restrict
         | resource consumption. But even if you do that for this topic
         | (meat). You have to look at the secondary effects and still
         | need to do that for other topics to make any impact.
         | 
         | For example, if you do away with meat, you would also have to
         | do away with egg, milk, etc products. In some cases these
         | products are used in things like formula, vaccines, etc. Every
         | alternative has some trade-off too. Some may be better, some
         | may be worse. If you're still producing eggs or milk for these
         | other purposes, then you still have meat as a byproduct. You'll
         | also end up with people raising their own, which is less
         | efficient and possibly worse for the environment if done on a
         | mass scale. Certainly worse for health impacts is done
         | illicitly in high density areas.
         | 
         | I do agree that there are many people who are disconnected from
         | their meat source, among other things (eg people who think
         | hunting is cruel but happily eat mass produced meat, or want
         | their almonds/almond milk). I'm not sure licensing will really
         | fix that. Either it had to come with a wide restriction to
         | local only production to remove many environmental issues and
         | force people to see production issues more visibly, or we
         | slowly reduce population so we can maintain our desired
         | lifestyles.
         | 
         | My estimate is that we will see restrictions in historical
         | freedoms and economic pressures on everyday activities. This
         | will led to some natural reduction in population. But it will
         | be precarious because there will be people who don't agree with
         | the restrictions or nations willing to fight for resources.
         | 
         | Edit: If you're going to disagree, please say why.
         | Specifically, why is it not true that reducing resource
         | consumption to _truly sustainable_ levels won 't require
         | lifestyle restriction _or_ a population decline? And not just
         | that some unknown future tech will save us from out current
         | situation.
        
         | FooBarWidget wrote:
         | > My fantasy solution is everyone needs to go get a meat
         | consumption license by going to a farm and killing an animal
         | with a knife in their hands every, say, 10 years
         | 
         | That's not a solution.
         | 
         | My grandmother's generation (, Chinese) has extensive
         | experience with slaughtering animals. That generation still
         | likes and craves meat.
         | 
         | You might have people who chicken out in the short term, but in
         | a couple of years getting a butcher license will become
         | normalized and you're back at square 1.
        
           | goaheaddownvote wrote:
           | [dead]
        
         | glitchc wrote:
         | Why is meat bad for individual health? Citation?
        
           | arboghast wrote:
           | It isn't, in fact it's more nutrient dense per calories than
           | vegetables and legumes and rich in amino-acids necessary to
           | maintain muscle mass which is increasingly important as you
           | age.
           | 
           | It's just something the anti-meat crowd parade, while
           | omitting that:
           | 
           | - These beliefs come from epidemiological studies without
           | regards for other life habits such as smoking or dietary
           | choices such as sugar intake.
           | 
           | - Often when saying meat is bad, what is actually referred to
           | is processed meat packed with salt and nitrites.
           | 
           | Eating chicken, pork or beef that you buy raw and cook
           | yourself is healthy.
           | 
           | How much you eat of anything matters too. Don't eat anything
           | in excess and move.
        
             | hombre_fatal wrote:
             | > more nutrient dense per calories than vegetables
             | 
             | I'm not sure how this meme started, but it's not actually
             | true. You can plug foods into Cronometer.com and see for
             | yourself. e.g. carrots (vitamin A) or kale (vitamin K1)
             | give you the RDA with few calories. I mean, the cocoa
             | powder I added to my smoothie this morning had 100% RDA
             | copper and 45% RDA iron in 57 calories.
             | 
             | Similarly, plants and plant-based foods have full amino
             | profiles. Once again, plug anything from soy beans or even
             | broccoli into Cronometer.com and look at the amino acid
             | breakdown.
             | 
             | These are some really ancient wives tales about vegetables.
             | 
             | > These beliefs come from epidemiological studies without
             | regards for other life habits such as smoking or dietary
             | choices such as sugar intake.
             | 
             | This isn't true. Tracking and multivariate adjustment are
             | standard fare for epi studies.
        
               | arboghast wrote:
               | It's not a meme. If you look at research that look at
               | foods rich in micronutrients, you'll see that meat covers
               | most of them.
               | 
               | For example, yes Kale is rich in calcium and vitamin K
               | than meat in general, but beef, pork or chicken covers a
               | higher ratio of micronutrients than Kale. Obviously, one
               | should not only eat meat. But the point was that meat
               | itself does not make you sick (unless in excess, like
               | anything).
               | 
               | > Similarly, plants and plant-based foods have full amino
               | profiles. Once again, plug anything from soy beans or
               | even broccoli into Cronometer.com and look at the amino
               | acid breakdown.
               | 
               | Full amino acid profile doesn't mean that it contains the
               | same amount, it just means that it's present. Moreover,
               | nutrient absorption is often lower with vegetables than
               | with meat.
               | 
               | Again, not saying one should not eat vegetables. One
               | definitely should eat fruits and vegetables. But it's
               | clear that lacking meat in one diet has long term
               | consequences that reveals itself later in life.
        
               | lkbm wrote:
               | > a higher ratio of micronutrients
               | 
               | I'm assuming here that we're talking about "nutrient
               | density"--the ratio of nutrients per calorie. Is that
               | what you means? Or are you using something like "per
               | gram"?
        
               | arboghast wrote:
               | That's what I mean yes. English isn't my first language.
               | How should I have phrased it?
        
               | hombre_fatal wrote:
               | Be specific about the micronutrients because aside from a
               | few things like protein and b12, I think you will be let
               | down by your expectations when you plug meat into
               | Cronometer.
               | 
               | What are all these micronutrients that you think 100g
               | (184cal) of chicken has? Now compare the mineral and
               | folate contents of 100g (121cal) edamame (first vegetable
               | I saw in my freezer). Or compare it to 530g of cooked
               | broccoli which has the same calories as 100g chicken (if
               | isocaloric comparison is easier) and tell me that chicken
               | is more nutrient dense per calorie.
               | 
               | I don't want to sound like I'm a Cronometer affiliate,
               | but most people can't even estimate which foods have
               | which nutrients until they plot a few days of their diet
               | into Cronometer. I was certainly surprised, myself.
               | 
               | I highly recommend you log a whole day of eating into
               | Cronometer to get an idea of where nutrients come from.
        
         | booleandilemma wrote:
         | Hi, I'm seeing a lot of people misunderstanding and/or
         | disagreeing with your points so I just wanted to say that I
         | agree with you. I've always liked the taste of meat, but the
         | older I've gotten, the more the idea of _killing_ something,
         | and then _consuming_ it, has increasingly bothered me. It has
         | led me to try stretches of vegetarianism over the past couple
         | years.
         | 
         | I definitely wouldn't be able to kill an animal with a knife,
         | unless I was starving.
         | 
         | I do agree that part of the problem is that the eating of
         | animals has become so abstracted away (i.e. chicken tenders)
         | that most people aren't even truly aware of what it is they're
         | doing. I like the knife + license idea.
        
         | andersentobias wrote:
         | > My fantasy solution is everyone needs to go get a meat
         | consumption license by going to a farm and killing an animal
         | with a knife in their hands every, say, 10 years.
         | 
         | I have heard this repeated from so many vegans / animal
         | activists at this point, including my own sister. Where did you
         | get it from? Who is the original author? I am seriously asking.
         | 
         | An argument involving only my individual health (I am into
         | fitness stuff) plus effect on the environment - repeated enough
         | times - would sway me.
         | 
         | To be completely honest: I do not appreciate being told that I
         | am an immoral human being for X (X = eating meat).
         | 
         | Been told that too many times already during my lifetime. It is
         | a cultural constant. That formula is just too tiresome to hear
         | yet again at this point.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | pasquinelli wrote:
           | if you read the comment you're replying to carefully, you'll
           | see they never said you or anyone else was immoral for eating
           | meat, yet that's your takeaway.
        
           | CaptainNegative wrote:
           | I don't get it. In most circumstances, if one doesn't want to
           | be called immoral for performing an objectively cruel act,
           | the standard course of action would be to stop doing it.
           | 
           | Why would one who inflicts or remunerates mistreatment,
           | slavery, and death upon animals expect to be shielded from
           | criticism on the count of it potentially hurting their
           | feelings?
        
             | flatline wrote:
             | There's a huge difference between killing animals and
             | eating their meat. Likewise there's a world of difference
             | between industrial scale livestock and smaller, organic,
             | free-range farming - on many levels. Yes, animal slaughter
             | is require for meat production, and by eating meat we
             | contribute to said slaughter. But there's a ton of nuance
             | in between, and people know this.
             | 
             | It's a really disingenuous argument to pretend these are
             | exactly the same thing from an ethical standpoint. In
             | Buddhist ethics, for example, intention is key: monks
             | cannot kill an animal but they may eat meat if offered.
             | People who cry about the moral or ethical basis of some
             | decision often make uninformed arguments believing an issue
             | is black and white. Ethics is gray all the way down.
        
               | callalex wrote:
               | Until technology advances thee is only one way to make
               | meat: by killing a living creature. You do not get to
               | just remove that step from the conversation because you
               | don't like it. There is no "huge difference" when the
               | action is a required part of producing meat.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | But... if the animal is treated well during its lifetime,
               | and slaughtered humanely (as painlessly as possible),
               | almost everybody isn't going to have a problem with it.
               | You are then getting into religious beliefs which most
               | are not going to agree with.
               | 
               | Admittedly a lot of current practices are pretty
               | horrible.
        
               | haswell wrote:
               | I agree that killing is inseparable from consumption.
               | 
               | But there is absolutely a huge degree of difference in
               | _how_ the killing occurs, and how the animal is treated
               | during its life leading up to it.
               | 
               | These differences materialize as an array of options when
               | deciding what to purchase, and are factors that can be
               | weighed by an individual.
               | 
               | The difference is there and quite meaningful once you
               | examine the spectrum of realities involved in modern meat
               | production.
               | 
               | One might still believe that no form of animal killing is
               | ever acceptable regardless of circumstances, but that
               | places the argument in a different category.
        
               | CaptainNegative wrote:
               | The topic here is about animals who are fed excessive
               | quantities of antibiotics while healthy, fattening them
               | up to the point that their skeletons frequently fracture
               | because they can't bear the weight. These are not well-
               | treated "happy hens". They are chickens crammed by the
               | tens of thousands into barns with about as much square
               | footage as it has birds. Sometimes less. The unroofed
               | "free range" they get access to may amortize out to a
               | couple square inches per bird, in a portion of the
               | facility they'll never reach due to bird traffic.
               | 
               | It is of no solace to any of the 40 billion individual
               | chickens presently in factory farms that some others may
               | be raised in a coup in a backyard of someone's
               | hypothetical uncle's house. And the hypothetical
               | existence of said uncle has no relevance to the act of
               | paying others to abuse birds in farms, which is where
               | every single person reading this is getting either the
               | vast majority or all of their bird flesh.
        
               | haswell wrote:
               | To be clear, I find the conditions you're describing to
               | be abhorrent and an unacceptable norm, and I've argued
               | elsewhere in this thread to that end.
               | 
               | But real free-range farms actually exist, and are not
               | someone's "hypothetical uncle's house". The products of
               | these farms are available in stores, and purchasing them
               | does not contribute to the abuse of animals in factory
               | farms.
               | 
               | To claim otherwise cannot be justified by an examination
               | of facts/reality, and is to claim that I didn't eat
               | dinner last Thursday. This is not to say that sourcing
               | food this way is _easy_ , and it's certainly not cheap.
               | 
               | > _the act of paying others to abuse birds in farms,
               | which is where every single person reading this is
               | getting either the vast majority or all of their bird
               | flesh._
               | 
               | The point with all of this is that there is a nuanced
               | conversation to be had. Oversimplified binary reductions
               | do not represent reality nor are they a useful point from
               | which to have a conversation about how to improve the
               | status quo. Issuing blanket statements like the one
               | quoted above can only create a wedge between your
               | position and those who you'd arguably like to reach with
               | it. I happen to agree with you re: the horrors of unhappy
               | hens, but you're also directly contradicting my lived
               | experience.
        
               | AlgorithmicTime wrote:
               | [dead]
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | GP's point is that eating isn't killing, you can eat meat
               | without (personally) killing any animals, and that can be
               | (and for very many _is_ ) emotionally different for
               | people.
        
               | haswell wrote:
               | And the general counterpoint to this is that the
               | emotional distance gained by not doing the killing has
               | zero relevance to the moral acceptability of mass abuse
               | in factory farms.
               | 
               | Furthermore, that emotional distance leads to even more
               | grotesque behavior because people are so far removed from
               | the process that they can remain completely unaware.
               | 
               | Over time, more people have become aware of child labor
               | and otherwise horrible working conditions in the
               | production of clothing and shoes. Not being directly
               | exposed to those conditions does not in any way excuse
               | those conditions or make them acceptable.
        
           | PuppyTailWags wrote:
           | I think it's important, as people who eat meat, to fully
           | acknowledge the deep and societal harms that meat causes. It
           | is well-studied that slaughterhouses are uniquely bad for a
           | community and uniquely bad for the people who work there.
           | Meat as a food can sometimes be bad for people, but meat as
           | an industry is definitely bad for people. Knowing this can
           | allow us to make more responsible choices even if we still
           | end up eating meat, such as selecting for small, ethical
           | farmers that also limit the trauma of themselves/those who do
           | the slaughtering of their stock.
        
           | haswell wrote:
           | > _I do not appreciate being told that I am an immoral human
           | being for X (X = eating meat)._
           | 
           | While I don't think it's useful to oversimplify this into a
           | binary moral issue, I also think it's necessary to be
           | reminded about the realities of the choices we make.
           | 
           | Why do you not appreciate this sentiment? Inconvenient truths
           | tend to not feel very good, but that doesn't make them
           | incorrect.
           | 
           | > _Been told that too many times already during my lifetime.
           | It is a cultural constant. That formula is just too tiresome
           | to hear yet again at this point._
           | 
           | I mean this with all respect, but this really sounds like
           | "well, the world hasn't stopped abusing animals yet, so I
           | really don't have a choice but to participate, and it's
           | really tiresome when people point that out".
           | 
           | Change starts from within. I'd argue that the reason these
           | argument feel tiresome is because the current solutions are
           | not easy ones. They require each of us to alter our habits
           | and demand broader change.
           | 
           | This is legitimately hard. But neither is there some magic
           | bullet that will solve this.
           | 
           | I fully appreciate that we're all stuck in a system that we
           | can't do much individually to change. But the one thing we
           | can change is ourselves, and this is an option that is always
           | available.
           | 
           | I wouldn't be so quick to call someone who eats meat immoral,
           | and as a meat eater I'd be a hypocrite for doing so. I've
           | also gone to lengths to acquire meat that is as
           | ethical/humane as possible, and over time I've reduced
           | consumption significantly.
           | 
           | There are historically plenty of culturally acceptable
           | practices that are also deeply immoral upon further
           | reflection. If you're finding the arguments tiresome, that
           | may be a good signal to listen more closely.
        
             | concordDance wrote:
             | > Why do you not appreciate this sentiment? Inconvenient
             | truths tend to not feel very good, but that doesn't make
             | them incorrect.
             | 
             | Is this a genuine question?
             | 
             | We're social animals and calling someone immoral is going
             | to be perceived as a social attack by non-neurodivergent
             | people.
             | 
             | > I mean this with all respect, but this really sounds like
             | "well, the world hasn't stopped abusing animals yet, so I
             | really don't have a choice but to participate, and it's
             | really tiresome when people point that out".
             | 
             | If you think this is just about animals you're missing most
             | of the picture. In the modern day people are told they are
             | immoral for many many reasons: driving cars, not turning
             | off lights when they leave the room, not going to that BLM
             | protest, not signing the anti-abortion petition, not going
             | to church, using shampoo, not donating to ukraine/save the
             | children/deworm the world, etc etc
             | 
             | It's an extremely common tactic used by every activist on
             | every topic.
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | > Why do you not appreciate this sentiment? Inconvenient
             | truths tend to not feel very good, but that doesn't make
             | them incorrect.
             | 
             | "You're immoral for X" is _very often_ used by someone who
             | wants to take a very grey issue and make it black and
             | white, with their side _obviously_ being the  "right" one
             | (and, just in case it's not clear, they label the other
             | side as immoral). It's often a cheap rhetorical trick of
             | someone who wants to win the argument by default, rather
             | than having to go through the hard work of actually
             | _persuading_ people (which means having to deal with all
             | the grey parts of the question).  "I'm morally right,
             | you're morally wrong, you should feel ashamed of your
             | position, and therefore you should shut up" is almost never
             | a good-faith argument.
             | 
             | That doesn't make them "inconvenient truths". That makes
             | them rhetorical ammunition for someone who is interested in
             | winning, not in truth or good-faith discussion.
             | 
             | Note well: This does not apply to _all_ instances of the
             | phrase  "inconvenient truth". But it seems to me that it is
             | used that way more often than it's used in good faith.
        
             | dguest wrote:
             | I agree. We should be able to acknowledge that we do
             | harmful things without turning it into judgement on our
             | overall character. It's not hypocrisy to admit that you do
             | bad things sometimes.
        
           | ericmcer wrote:
           | I think it is a valid point. We can only indulge in such a
           | guilt free way because we don't see how the sausage is made.
           | 
           | My friend will eat burgers and chicken nuggets all day, but a
           | chicken drumstick with it's tendons and cartilage he is
           | unable to eat, it is a necessary disconnect for him.
           | 
           | My tolerance is way higher but if part of ordering dinner was
           | choosing a living animal for them to kill and prepare I would
           | definitely just get tofu.
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | "We can only indulge in such a guilt free way because we
             | don't see how the sausage is made."
             | 
             | That might be for some people. There are many that would
             | have no guilt. As you point out, some people know what is
             | in a chicken nugget (chicken) but eat it anyways. This path
             | might slightly reduce the number of omnivores, but I doubt
             | it would have a serious impact overall. Like any reduction
             | in consumption from them would just lead to a lower price
             | and increased demand either domestically or
             | internationally.
        
             | PeterisP wrote:
             | IDK, I don't see any food-guilt issues from any of the
             | countryside people I know who see "how the sausage is made"
             | because they have done it, and have slaughtered some of the
             | animals they have grown themselves.
             | 
             | And IMHO the discussions about "kill your own dinner" are
             | quite impractical because that simply doesn't work in most
             | conditions from the perspective of hygiene and food safety,
             | and slaughtering is a job that does require quite some
             | skill to do it properly, having it done by amateurs can
             | easily be needless cruelty if you do it wrong. Like, I can
             | butcher a chicken or a rabbit, but I would not be qualified
             | to handle a pig or a cow properly.
        
           | wirrbel wrote:
           | Also, slaughtering as a process never was an issue for
           | people. My grandma slaughtered chicken in her back yard.
        
         | yosito wrote:
         | > causing pandemics
         | 
         | Which pandemic was caused by people eating meat?
         | 
         | Much of what you said is true, but some of it is a stretch, and
         | taken altogether it seems like an exaggeration.
        
           | goaheaddownvote wrote:
           | As another comment mentioned, the one we just lived through
           | where I had to be inside for 2 years. It came from a live
           | meat market.
        
             | yosito wrote:
             | That's so far from being decisively proven that I genuinely
             | forgot it was one of the theories.
        
           | CatWChainsaw wrote:
           | I wouldn't be surprised if we get a sufficiently human-
           | transmissible avian flu pandemic within the decade, given how
           | many non-avians the current strain has been killing in
           | addition to birds.
        
           | Pxtl wrote:
           | Literally the current one? I mean yes there's the lab leak
           | theory, but still the common explanation is that it first
           | jumped the species gap at a meat market.
        
         | typicalrunt wrote:
         | > People are kinda stupid when it comes to eating meat. The
         | current scale of meat consumption [1] is just mind boggling.
         | Yet even this comment has to be a throwaway because people
         | can't handle someone telling them they shouldn't eat meat 2x a
         | day.
         | 
         | I'm sensing a lack of empathy in this comment.
         | 
         | Calling people stupid or attaching any label to them will only
         | hinder your attempt to sway their minds.
         | 
         | Portraying black and white thinking (splitting), when we know
         | the world is shades of grey, also hinders your ability to
         | change minds.
         | 
         | It's great that you found benefits to moving to a non-meat
         | diet. This helps others see what they could benefit from.
         | Continue from here.
        
           | bogle wrote:
           | I don't think the OP was trying to sway minds when they
           | described meat consumption as stupid, they were simply
           | stating the obvious.
        
             | gropo3 wrote:
             | [dead]
        
           | pasquinelli wrote:
           | imagine they were talking the same way about something you're
           | not so sensitive about, something you agree with them on.
        
           | beedeebeedee wrote:
           | This is the same issue as an abolitionist speaking to a
           | slaveholder. The moral problem is so overwhelming for the
           | abolitionist that it is exceedingly frustrating, difficult
           | and ineffective trying to persuade the slaveholder.
           | 
           | > I'm sensing a lack of empathy in this comment
           | 
           | That is what is frustrating- to have to show more empathy for
           | the feelings of the slaveholder than the slaveholder has for
           | their slaves.
        
             | peteradio wrote:
             | Its an arbitrary line, holding slaves at least follows from
             | the golden principle. What principle says don't raise
             | animals in poor conditions or eat them? Are you extending
             | the golden principle to apply to all animals? Why? Do you
             | think these principles come from anything but a higher-
             | order self-serving? Rather naive to make up a principle for
             | no other reason than a poorly identified (non)-symmetry. I
             | could see applying the golden principle to a dolphin but
             | its probably some back of the mind idea that maybe one day
             | my grandchilds grandchilds grandchild will be half dolphin
             | and I should hedge for that eventuality.
        
             | kelipso wrote:
             | Lol, I get what you're saying but comparing meat eating to
             | slavery makes you seem even more unreasonable.
        
               | GeoAtreides wrote:
               | Sometimes we compare dissimilar things and in the process
               | discover new truths. We don't compare them to see which
               | is worse, we don't compare to rank them, but to discern
               | similarities and differences and, in doing so, gain a
               | better understanding of both our subjects; even, why not,
               | of ourselves.
        
               | Swenrekcah wrote:
               | It's only unreasonable to compare factory farming to
               | human slavery if one believes that the rights of animals
               | compared to humans is similar or worse than slaveholders
               | believed the rights of their slaves to be compared to
               | thme.
               | 
               | For the record I eat meat, but I'm under no illusions
               | regarding the cruelty of the process. I support all laws
               | that would increase farm animal welfare, even if it means
               | my steak gets more expensive, it's simple enough to make
               | good veggie dishes once in a while.
        
               | beedeebeedee wrote:
               | > comparing meat eating to slavery makes you seen even
               | more unreasonable
               | 
               | I think that is an attitude that our culture will be
               | ashamed of in the near future, just like we are ashamed
               | of slavery now. The agricultural practices are almost
               | identical (different mammal). The major difference is
               | that we consume the flesh of one, and the produce of
               | another.
               | 
               | The only reason for saying that the enslavement of other
               | animals is ok, while the enslavement of humans is not, is
               | if we can come up with a reason that makes us special and
               | those other animals not. There is only shaky ground for
               | any of those possible reasons, and believing them puts
               | blinders on what we can know. I.e., we will not recognize
               | things that do not fit our conceptions, which has big
               | implications for our biological science, psychology and
               | philosophy.
               | 
               | The fact is that meat eating, like slavery, is not
               | reasonable. It is just something we grew up doing
               | (individually and as a species). Any argument advocating
               | it is as superficial and misleading as antebellum racial
               | theorists. That is an uncomfortable truth.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | Nonsense. Try telling the lion it is being cruel to the
               | Antelope, or the wolf it is being cruel to the deer. All
               | life (minus plants and Cyanobacteria) get their energy
               | from eating other living things. That's just the way it
               | works.
        
               | hombre_fatal wrote:
               | Rape is also ubiquitous in the animal kingdom (and human
               | history), yet we don't find that to be a convincing moral
               | justification for raping women.
        
               | jelliclesfarm wrote:
               | Have you been to commercial meat operations? I am not
               | talking about millions of non human lives held in
               | captivity, raped and slaughtered..but the condition of
               | the labour in meat processing and meat packing industry.
               | 
               | It's not a cowboy who brings your steak to the table, but
               | probably some undocumented immigrant paid slave wages and
               | living in a shed.
               | 
               | https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2014/dec/21/life-
               | inside-am...
               | 
               | https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/05/08/exploitatio
               | n-a...
               | 
               | https://www.jsonline.com/in-depth/news/special-
               | reports/dairy...
               | 
               | https://www.onegreenplanet.org/environment/smithfields-
               | hog-f...
               | 
               | https://stonepierpress.org/goodfoodnews/wastelands-book-
               | revi...
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | If -- and I recognise that it is an "if" given the
               | current lack of any sufficient testable definition of
               | subjective consciousness awareness of self -- _if_ farm
               | animals are self-aware, then slavery would be several
               | steps _up_ from their current existence.
               | 
               | We only stopped feeding cows to other cows because of a
               | fear humans might get prion diseases.
               | 
               | Coming at it from the other direction, "what if humans
               | were food?" is a horror trope, be it vampires, zombies,
               | werewolves, or psychopath cannibals.
        
             | mdp2021 wrote:
             | > _have to show more empathy_
             | 
             | "Empathy" is not "sympathy" ("in-" vs "with-"). You try to
             | understand the position of the other (it's a projection),
             | not necessarily sharing the feelings.
             | 
             | The poster clearly expressed that "if they do not see it,
             | insulting will probably create a counterproductive reaction
             | of closure - it's not helping them to see it".
        
             | AlgorithmicTime wrote:
             | [dead]
        
           | goaheaddownvote wrote:
           | I'm not trying to sway any minds, the majority of people
           | aren't going to change their meat consumption habits at all
           | and honestly I'm fine with that. I never said in my comment
           | that everyone should be vegetarian. Being vegetarian requires
           | a lot of thoughtfulness, especially if you're at all athletic
           | (I train muay thai and ashtanga yoga), and most people don't
           | have the time for it (or think they don't).
           | 
           | People become exceedingly defensive when they're asked to
           | confront the reality of their habits, and honestly I think
           | it's probably too much for people to even begin to consider.
           | I have deep empathy for that as a fellow human as I've been
           | through it too and have experienced both sides of it multiple
           | times (meat eating -> veg -> meat eating -> and now back to
           | veg for good).
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | MrMan wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | bheadmaster wrote:
         | I like meat. Vegetables just don't cut it. Eating meat is one
         | of the few pleasures in my life, and I'm not willing to give it
         | up for some vague ideal.
         | 
         | I'd assume a lot of people think the same way. It could be
         | considered somewhat arrogant to demand everyone to give up
         | their personal pleasures for something _you_ believe in.
         | 
         | We could solve all world's problems by collectively killing
         | ourselves, but obviously we don't want to do that. Giving up
         | things is somewhere on the spectrum between giving up our life
         | and not giving up anything. Who gets to decide where the line
         | is for everyone?
        
           | goaheaddownvote wrote:
           | I'll just keep saying it in this thread, but not once did I
           | say everyone should give up meat. In fact I said go at it, go
           | hunt and kill and eat it!
           | 
           | But the fact that people feel defensive whenever the thought
           | of vegetarianism comes up to me points to the fact that deep
           | down people on an individual level know that it is, to some
           | degree, wrong.
        
             | bheadmaster wrote:
             | You called for introducing meat eating license, which would
             | introduce friction and make people eat less meat. The end
             | game is the same, the mechanism is different.
             | 
             | > But the fact that people feel defensive whenever the
             | thought of vegetarianism comes up to me points to the fact
             | that deep down people on an individual level know that it
             | is, to some degree, wrong.
             | 
             | Maybe. Or maybe people just feel discomfort because of all
             | the people who are trying to dictate to them what they can
             | and cannot eat.
        
               | goaheaddownvote wrote:
               | [dead]
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | bioemerl wrote:
             | > . In fact I said go at it, go hunt and kill and eat it!
             | 
             | This is a strange and unreasonable argument that's just
             | designed to eliminate all meat, and not a good faith
             | stance.
        
               | goaheaddownvote wrote:
               | [dead]
        
           | hcarvalhoalves wrote:
           | > We could solve all world's problems by collectively killing
           | ourselves,
           | 
           | Don't worry, we're in the process of that.
        
         | VoodooJuJu wrote:
         | >It's bad for the environment
         | 
         | Burning fossil fuels is bad for the environment. A cow eating
         | grass and dying is not.
         | 
         | The part of meat production that's bad for the environment is
         | the machinery used to transport and process the meat. Grain,
         | legumes, and vegetable farming also use machinery for
         | transportation and processing. Outside of that, animals and
         | plants are all part of a carbon-neutral cycle, so long as the
         | plants aren't fertilized with Haber-Bosch excrement.
         | 
         | >it's bad for individual health
         | 
         | This is nearly 100% certainly wrong.
         | 
         | We can say with nearly 100% certainty that a human being cannot
         | thrive without regularly eating meat, or at least dairy or
         | eggs. This is evidenced by human beings having eaten meat for
         | millions of years. Eating meat is Lindy. Million-year-old Lindy
         | things, especially biological things like diet, are robust,
         | resilient, antifragile.
         | 
         | Diet is a _solved problem_. It was solved over millions of
         | years of humans, their predecessors, and their extinct
         | offshoots trying and testing various foods /diets. The ones who
         | survived ate and continue to eat meat. Guess what happened to
         | the other ones.
         | 
         | >I don't know what the solution is, because as soon as you
         | mention eating less meat people laugh at you or get super
         | defensive
         | 
         |  _Less_ is pretty relative, and there is no solution, because
         | there is no problem. It 's understandable people are going to
         | get defensive when you attack their means to life.
         | 
         | Just eat how your ancestors ate. For a Northern European, that
         | means a lot of milk and meat. If you're Mediterranean, follow
         | the Greek Orthodox tradition - periodic meat and vegetable
         | eating. If you're an Eskimo, eat a bunch of fish.
        
           | lkbm wrote:
           | > We can say with nearly 100% certainty that a human being
           | cannot thrive without regularly eating meat, or at least
           | dairy or eggs. This is evidenced by human beings having eaten
           | meat for millions of years.
           | 
           | Uh...your second sentence is evidence that you can thrive
           | while regularly eating meat, but not evidence that you can't
           | thrive without it.
           | 
           | Meanwhile, your first sentence entails that there's no such
           | thing as a thriving vegan.
           | 
           | Maybe eating meat is natural, and healthy, and moral, but you
           | might want to limit your arguments to those that don't deny
           | basic observable facts.
        
         | ericmcer wrote:
         | I 100% agree with you in most regards (including being able to
         | kill what you eat), but I don't think meat is bad for
         | individual health. I recently did just 3 weeks of a carnivore
         | diet as an experiment and it was boggling how much it affected
         | my strength and recovery. Vegan and vegetarian both have had
         | immediate negative impacts on recovery, even when supplementing
         | protein and other vitamins.
         | 
         | From an altruistic perspective yeah, do not touch meat, but it
         | does have health benefits that I have not been able to
         | replicate with vegetarian alternatives.
         | 
         | Also a throwaway to say "eating meat is bad?" that isn't a
         | crazy controversial stance haha.
        
           | goaheaddownvote wrote:
           | > ... I don't think meat is bad for individual health
           | 
           | I agree with you here too, meat eating isn't in and of itself
           | unhealthy, but the quantity and scale that most people engage
           | with it at is not doing their body any favors. You sound like
           | a very conscious person when it comes to their body, which is
           | unfortunately atypical.
           | 
           | As someone that is extremely active as well (training 5x per
           | week muay thai and ashtanga yoga, with lots of kettlebell
           | work mixed in), I also agree that recovery can be much harder
           | on a vegetarian diet. You really have to think about your
           | nutrition more, but personally I've decided it's fine for me
           | to make that recovery sacrifice for the benefit of animals
           | and the Earth. I don't expect others to do the same though
           | and I'm fine with that.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | > Also a throwaway to say "eating meat is bad?" that isn't a
           | crazy controversial stance haha.
           | 
           | Can't speak for op, but it feels like 50% of the times I
           | bring it up here, even when trying to be careful, my comment
           | fades into low contrast...
        
           | throwaway4PP wrote:
           | Seeing this response so high up makes me a bit sad.
           | 
           | There's a lot of ways to eat vegetarian, and all the ones
           | that I can think of that require _supplementing_ protein and
           | vitamins are unhealthy.
           | 
           | It should be obvious that eating a way that "had immediate
           | negative impacts on recovery" indicates that what you're
           | eating is not healthy.
           | 
           | You see this with a lot of omnivores, they try cutting meat
           | out of their diet and complain. But, the thing is, an
           | omnivore diet without meat is a deficient diet. It sounds a
           | bit intimidating but you really have to rebuild the way you
           | eat if you've been eating meat.
           | 
           | Cultures that have a vegetarian tradition (even if not
           | described as such) provide a rich tapestry of foods to make a
           | healthy diet rich in protein and vitamins. Ethiopian,
           | Persian, Indian, Sri Lankian; these are just some of the
           | cultures a successful and healthy vegetarian will take
           | inspiration from. Eat like a world traveler and you can forgo
           | meat without being unhealthy.
           | 
           | Quick list of good protein-rich ingredients across cultures:
           | 
           | Mushroom
           | 
           | Quinoa
           | 
           | Eggs
           | 
           | Halloumi
           | 
           | Chickpeas
           | 
           | Green/brown/red lentils
           | 
           | Peas
           | 
           | Paneer
           | 
           | Yoghurt
           | 
           | Walnuts/almonds/sunflower seeds/pistachios
           | 
           | And forget stews. Roast, broil, saute, crisp, brown! There
           | are flavors unlocked by the family of Maillard reactions -
           | the technical name for the chemical reactions that give rise
           | to browning - that we associate with meat but are common to
           | the process of roasting. Savory vegetarian food is a thing.
        
             | ericmcer wrote:
             | protein !== protein. Besides eggs those are all terrible
             | sources of protein from an amino acid perspective.
             | 
             | I never said it was unhealthy to forego meat, just that I
             | have never found a non-meat source that can compete. I was
             | vegetarian for 6 months, have done tons of 3-6 week vegan
             | stints, keto, carnivore and others all while doing rock
             | climbing training and tracking my performance. I am
             | noticeably weaker and more injury prone on a
             | vegan/vegetarian diet. I do 3-6 weeks of veganism to
             | intentionally lose muscle mass and lower my overall weight.
             | 
             | People and the internet can say whatever they want about
             | nutrition but it will be hard to convince me when I can
             | accurately predict how much strength I will lose when
             | removing meat from my diet.
        
               | hombre_fatal wrote:
               | Plug garbanzos into cronometer.com and tell me which
               | amino acid it lacks. Do it again for broccoli.
               | 
               | There's a weird amount of "vegetable denialism" in these
               | comments from people who presumably never even looked up
               | the nutrition info a vegetable.
        
               | throwaway4PP wrote:
               | no, they are not "terrible", they're not complex proteins
               | - excepting eggs. you have to mix two sources of simple
               | protein to equal complex. good, bad; whatever your
               | characterization of them may be, that's the foundation.
               | 
               | you again seem to be conflating your ability to measure
               | something with the method itself being good. I think it's
               | impossible for us to say your vegetarian diet is healthy
               | when you say it makes you weaker, yet you point to being
               | predictably weaker as a sign of knowing what you're
               | doing? I'm not following.
        
             | stametseater wrote:
             | Forget stew? I understand the motivations for being anti-
             | meat, even if I don't agree with them, but anti-stew? Stew
             | is great, even vegetables stews. How can you be anti-stew?
        
               | throwaway4PP wrote:
               | Hah, I'm not anti-stew. It's a conception you run into a
               | lot, that healthy vegetarian food is a brown stew of
               | chickpeas. I threw that in there for the skeptical.
        
           | foxyv wrote:
           | I think they were talking more about mental health. But that
           | is just speculation.
        
       | BetterAdmin wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | stainablesteel wrote:
       | this is just another anti-farm hitpiece
       | 
       | i don't care for this perspective, I'd rather have locally grown
       | food over outsourcing it to some geopolitical rival with animal
       | cruelty problems
        
       | jes5199 wrote:
       | the RethinkX paper says that most farmed meat will be replaced by
       | cheaper precision fermentation proteins by 2030
       | https://www.rethinkx.com/food-and-agriculture
        
         | MichaelNolan wrote:
         | I love the optimism, and the ideas in all of the rethinkX
         | papers. They are great reads. Their predictions for food and
         | agriculture might indeed happen, but not by 2030. The dairy
         | predictions in that paper seem the most likely to occur.
         | 
         | Their paper on energy is also a fun read.
        
       | bell-cot wrote:
       | Um, yes - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons
       | 
       | I'd bet that was an all-too-familiar human behavior pattern back
       | when Rome was a one-horse town.
       | 
       | (Edit: Fixed "how the heck?" typo'ed TLD)
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | greenie_beans wrote:
         | the tragedy of the commons is a myth.
         | 
         | https://aeon.co/essays/the-tragedy-of-the-commons-is-a-false...
        
       | noud wrote:
       | The good news is that it's reversible. When you stop feeding
       | antibiotics to animals, the amount of resistance bacteria in the
       | gut seems to reduce as well.
       | 
       | Additionally, good management practices (clean pens, good
       | hygiene, low stress) and proper feed could make the use of
       | antibiotics in animals (almost) obsolete.
        
         | dtech wrote:
         | The latter is not really the case. There seems to be something
         | that causes animals being fed antibiotics to gain weight faster
         | than without, all other circumstances being equal. This might
         | have something to do with gut flora.
        
           | User23 wrote:
           | Even supposing that's true, perhaps the same effect can be
           | achieved without antibiotics? For example maybe some kind of
           | probiotic feed that displaces the undesirable gut flora?
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | While it's true they experience more weight gain, that's more
           | of an off-label use. That doesn't negate the claim that
           | proper procedures/care/environment could make the use of
           | animal antibiotics more rare. There are other alternatives to
           | increasing weight gain, although the use of any medication to
           | induce weight gain should require careful consideration.
        
             | Jgrubb wrote:
             | The off label use of "makes animals gain weight faster" is
             | why the entire industrial animal meat industry has been
             | feeding antibiotics to cows for over a generation now. It's
             | why "antibiotic free" is a marketing label now, because the
             | opposite was the previous default. The antibiotic
             | properties of antibiotics are basically a side effect.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | Eh, sort of. It's still mostly secondary. If you aren't
               | feeding cattle antibiotic in a CAFO where they're
               | crowded, eating spent brewers grain (mostly from fuel
               | production), and living in filth, then they will get sick
               | and die. Same thing for most chicken houses until changes
               | were made a few years ago. The 10% or so of production
               | that takes place on small farms generally didn't use
               | antibiotics as a standard ration because they didn't need
               | to, even if it would have slightly improved weight gain.
               | Even the industry is try to voluntarily eliminate it in
               | pork because they want access to international markets.
        
               | biorach wrote:
               | > If you aren't feeding cattle antibiotic in a CAFO where
               | they're crowded, eating spent brewers grain (mostly from
               | fuel production), and living in filth, then they will get
               | sick and die
               | 
               | Much citation needed. I don't know exactly what you mean
               | by CAFO when it comes to cattle, but the EU banned
               | routine administration of antibiotics with no noticable
               | effect on the practice of permanently housing cows or
               | beef cattle
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | Plenty of citation is available if you google the term
               | you don't know. Here's a basic overview of a CAFO (common
               | in US, rare in EU).
               | 
               | https://www.sierraclub.org/grassroots-network/food-
               | agricultu...
        
               | biorach wrote:
               | Thanks for the patronizing answer to a question I didn't
               | ask
               | 
               | The EU has no shortage of feedlots and zero-grazed cow
               | herds, and yet has phased out routine administration of
               | antibiotics without any noticeable reduction in the
               | animals in these conditions.
               | 
               | Therefore...
               | 
               | I'm asking for a citation for your claim that it's not
               | possible to keep animals alive in these conditions
               | without the use of antibiotics
               | 
               | > If you aren't feeding cattle antibiotic in a CAFO where
               | they're crowded, eating spent brewers grain (mostly from
               | fuel production), and living in filth, then they will get
               | sick and die
        
         | pella wrote:
         | > The good news is that it's reversible.
         | 
         | While bacteria evolution can't be reversed, stopping
         | antibiotics in animals can help lower the number of resistant
         | bacteria. Good care practices can reduce the need for
         | antibiotics.
        
           | nick__m wrote:
           | While bacteria evolution can't be reversed, the antibiotic
           | resistance usually have a cost to maintain (the fitness
           | cost1) and without the evolutive pressure cause by the
           | antibiotic, bacteria without those costly genes will
           | eventually dominate.
           | 
           | 1) https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro2319
        
           | goda90 wrote:
           | It actually can. Bacteria reproduce and die off rapidly. That
           | means the rates of mutation are high. If there's no selective
           | pressure from the antibiotics, then there's nothing
           | reinforcing that resistance and it can mutate away in a few
           | generations. This has actually been tested in laboratory
           | settings:
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6707769/
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | hospitalJail wrote:
       | I went vegetarian and things were going great. I was checking my
       | micro and macro nutrients, things were perfect. I got a new job
       | and I had to take a drug test. My creatine levels were too low
       | and I failed/had to repeat the drug test. I ended up having to
       | pee first thing in the morning to make my creatine levels higher.
       | This was the most painful thing I've experienced in my life for
       | about 3 hours as I waited for the place to open. That sucked.
       | 
       | Later, my kid had low iron levels. I imagine I probably did too.
       | 
       | Sure people are able to live a life without meat, but the
       | nutrition from having meat is something I'm finding difficult to
       | replace. We eat meat probably 2 or 3 times per week. Seems like a
       | decent compromise, but I still feel like this is going to age
       | poorly when people become more aware of animal consciousness.
        
         | teaearlgraycold wrote:
         | I just take creatine and iron supplements. Really anyone that
         | exercises should supplement creatine.
         | 
         | I also eat meat occasionally, maybe once per week?
        
         | PretzelPirate wrote:
         | I'd love to know what you were eating. I've been vegan for over
         | 13 years and I eat a lot of processed foods. My most recent
         | blood test showed everything in the middle of the healthy
         | range, and I had too much iron.
         | 
         | I wonder if it's genetic, but my parents don't go to the doctor
         | so I don't know anything about their health.
         | 
         | I don't supplement, but eat the vegan equivalent of the
         | standard American diet.
        
         | LesZedCB wrote:
         | I've been a highly athletic veg/vegan for a decade and not had
         | any major issues, sans maybe B12 or vitamin d occasionally.
         | plenty of veg friends experienced the same. vitamin supplements
         | are easy to take.
        
         | mr337 wrote:
         | 2-3 times a week is exactly what is recommended [1]. There are
         | several heath issues with high red meat intake, the biggest and
         | not so fun is Colon Cancer. I know two people that lost the
         | battle with colcon cancer. It is a bugger to diagnose, treat,
         | and recurrence.
         | 
         | 1 - https://www.aicr.org/cancer-
         | prevention/recommendations/limit...
        
       | abeppu wrote:
       | The discussion here seems to have ignored what seems like the
       | interesting/new part of this. There has been plenty of prior
       | research and media around blanket use of antibiotics creating
       | _drug resistant_ bacteria which are harder to fight with drugs.
       | But this is saying that additionally because some antibiotics are
       | similar to chemicals endogenously produced within our own bodies,
       | they also produce bacteria which our bodies are less effective at
       | fighting on their own.
       | 
       | I.e. this isn't just about the use of antibiotics -- this is
       | about the use of antibiotics which are _similar to parts of our
       | own immune systems_. Using antibiotics which are more dissimilar
       | to our own immune responses would create _drug resistant_
       | bacteria but not _immune resistant_ bacteria.
        
         | etiam wrote:
         | Yes, that's the key part.
         | 
         | Physiologically it's well known that that the antibacterial
         | peptides are part of the immune system. They were discovered as
         | a part of the pathogen defense mechanisms of insects, found to
         | be present also in vertebrates as well and only then, _of
         | course_ , exploited for chemical mimicry as pharmaca.
         | 
         | How anybody could believe taking that component out from the
         | rest of the defense system, and breed pathogen resistance
         | against it in isolation, could be anything but begging for
         | calamity is beyond me. It boggles the mind that this has been
         | permitted to go on, but particularly unexpected it is not at
         | all, sadly.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | > How anybody could believe taking that component out from
           | the rest of the defense system, and breed pathogen resistance
           | against it in isolation, could be anything but begging for
           | calamity is beyond me. It boggles the mind that this has been
           | permitted to go on, but particularly unexpected it is not at
           | all, sadly.
           | 
           | Every irreplaceable natural resource (in this case, human
           | immunity) is somebody's profit waiting to be taken, unless
           | stopped.
        
             | etiam wrote:
             | Yeah, that seems to be the issue doesn't it.
             | 
             | And this in a pharma sub-field infamous for not getting
             | enough investment in corporate research because the effect
             | of novel substances is almost instantly destroyed by
             | precisely the sort of misuse the article points to.
             | 
             | One's tempted to dismiss any attempts to adequately explain
             | the exploitation with either greed or stupidity as
             | impossible, and just chalk it up to pure malice...
        
           | throwbadubadu wrote:
           | Maybe ok if used just as medicine for rare cases where it's
           | the last hope.. but for what do we use it? To have more of
           | mass-produced meat every day, meat with meat for breakfast,
           | lunch and dinner, yay!
        
             | DSingularity wrote:
             | It's not even like meats getting cheaper. They produce it
             | for cheaper and keep the extra margins. Yay monopoly?
        
         | ciconia wrote:
         | This isn't just about antibiotics, it's also about monoculture.
         | Both of those combined lead to a never ending arms race.
        
           | GLGirty wrote:
           | > a never ending arms race                 Did you mean, "the
           | great filter?"
        
           | abeppu wrote:
           | > In the study, E coli carrying a resistance gene, called
           | MCR-1, were exposed to AMPs known to play important roles in
           | innate immunity in chickens, pigs, and humans.
           | 
           | If the same kinds of AMPs appear across mammals and birds,
           | breaking the monoculture (by e.g. raising animals of
           | different breeds and species etc) but still using this class
           | of antibiotics would still seem likely to cause the immune
           | resistance problem. I'm not advocating for the monoculture-
           | based practices, but I don't see how it's related to this
           | specific mechanism.
        
             | darkerside wrote:
             | I think the connection to monoculture is that specific
             | pathogens could decimate homogenous populations (see Irish
             | potato famine), making widespread antibiotic use necessary
             | in a much more preventative way
        
       | stametseater wrote:
       | Look up "antimicrobial resistance" (AMR) and see where the deaths
       | attributed to this are occurring. South Asia (e.g. India, etc)
       | and Africa. Regions with inadequate healthcare for humans, where
       | front-line antibiotics get spammed, where people don't complete
       | the full course of treatment for lack of resources or
       | understanding. It's not coming from the 'factory farms' of
       | developed nations.
        
       | scythe wrote:
       | Far be it from me to defend something as generally odious as the
       | use of antibiotics in agriculture, but this article refers to
       | _one specific class_ of antibiotics, described as  "antimicrobial
       | peptides" but more precisely polymyxins, and particularly to
       | colistin. You may be familiar with colistin as an "antibiotic of
       | last resort" which is heavily restricted even in medicine.
       | 
       | But check the list:
       | 
       | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic_use_in_livestock
       | 
       | You will notice that all but two are not peptides. "Peptides" are
       | themselves a broad class of chemical, not implying a mechanism of
       | action -- contrast beta-lactams which damage cell walls -- and
       | bacitracin (which is distinct) has been used in poultry in the
       | United States for fifty years without creating any immune-
       | bypassing microorganisms. It should be distinguished from the
       | polymyxins, the colistin family, which share a mechanism of
       | action and are particularly important in the treatment of
       | infections which have become resistant to other antibiotics.
       | 
       | I was unable to find any evidence of polymyxins being used in
       | agriculture in the United States or the West more broadly.
       | 
       | http://www.msdvetmanual.com/pharmacology/antibacterial_agent...
       | 
       | >Polymyxin is not labeled for oral or parental use for any
       | veterinary species in the US.
       | 
       | That is not to justify the use of antibiotics in agriculture,
       | which threatens millions of lives by endangering one of the most
       | valuable medical technologies in human history, but it is not
       | helpful to make claims which are not supported by the evidence.
       | The use of colistin -- or any polymyxins -- in pigs in China is
       | egregious (and has been belatedly banned by Chinese authorities
       | in 2016). Linking this to meat consumption in the United States,
       | where polymyxins are not used in agriculture, is suspect.
        
       | myshpa wrote:
       | Animal agriculture has too many shortcomings.
       | 
       | - Greenhouse gas emissions
       | 
       | - Deforestation
       | 
       | - Land degradation
       | 
       | - Water pollution
       | 
       | - Water overconsumption
       | 
       | - Loss of biodiversity
       | 
       | - Antibiotic resistance
       | 
       | - Ocean dead zones
       | 
       | - Inefficient land and resource use
       | 
       | - Ethical concerns regarding animal welfare
       | 
       | - Contribution to zoonotic diseases
       | 
       | - Air pollution
       | 
       | - Eutrophication
       | 
       | - Soil erosion
       | 
       | - High energy consumption
       | 
       | - Chemical runoff from pesticides and fertilizers
       | 
       | - Destruction of habitats and ecosystems
       | 
       | - Overfishing and bycatch
       | 
       | - Inequality in global food distribution
       | 
       | - Public health risks from foodborne illnesses
       | 
       | - Nutrient pollution
       | 
       | - Strain on waste management systems
       | 
       | etc.
        
         | JasserInicide wrote:
         | Many of these beyond a surface-level inspection break down upon
         | a closer inspection
         | 
         |  _Inefficient land and resource use_
         | 
         |  _Land degradation_
         | 
         |  _Loss of biodiversity_
         | 
         |  _Soil erosion_
         | 
         | In the US, most of the land used for grazing is already
         | insufficient for farming most crops. You take cows and such off
         | of them, you're left with near-useless land.
         | 
         |  _Chemical runoff from pesticides and fertilizers_
         | 
         | Not exclusive to livestock and their feed, feels weird to
         | attribute it to just them.
         | 
         | Widely-available meat in the Western world is a Pandora's Box;
         | it's just not going away. It's better to find ways to make it
         | more efficient than to go all pissed-off-vegan and want to ban
         | meat everywhere in favor of ultra-processed replacement
         | monstrosities. You'll win more people to your side too.
         | 
         | Furthermore, attacking the end-consumer does absolutely
         | nothing. It's like banning plastic bags/straws, It just makes
         | liberal lawmakers feel good about themselves. You want to
         | really change our diets? Go after the billions in subsidies
         | handed out to farmers for growing corn/soybeans/dairy and such
         | in order to stay competitive against cheaper products overseas.
         | Good luck.
        
           | Natsu wrote:
           | > Go after the billions in subsidies handed out to farmers
           | for growing corn/soybeans/dairy and such in order to stay
           | competitive against cheaper products overseas. Good luck.
           | 
           | We deliberately overproduce food so that when, say, corrupt
           | regimes attack one of the world's largest wheat growers, we
           | don't end up starving. It's a necessary adaptation for a
           | country that has to worry about food security in the event of
           | wars, even if it has 2nd order effects that are not so good.
        
             | finikytou wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
             | stametseater wrote:
             | Exactly, when it comes to essential matters like food,
             | stability is _much_ more important than efficiency. I don
             | 't want the food supply chain optimized for efficiency,
             | nobody should. Optimize it for reliable output.
        
               | darkerside wrote:
               | We've seen what optimizing for efficiency can do to the
               | rest of our supply chain in recent years
        
           | throwaway173738 wrote:
           | I think the disconnect here is that you presuppose that all
           | land must be put to some productive use.
        
             | EngManagerIsMe wrote:
             | Or that farming is the only productive use.
        
             | skrbjc wrote:
             | Much of that "marginal land" originally had animals grazing
             | on it anyway. We have barely more cows in this country now
             | than buffalo at their peak. "Re-wilding" land would just
             | mean we have animals grazing at that we don't eat.
        
               | myshpa wrote:
               | Before the arrival of European settlers in North America,
               | it is estimated that there were approximately 30 to 60
               | million bison (also known as buffalo) roaming the
               | continent.
               | 
               | We are currently consuming upto three times as many cows
               | each year as there were wild buffalos.
               | 
               | https://www.sciencealert.com/the-current-mass-extinction-
               | is-...
               | 
               | - Cows (cattle): In 2021, the United States had
               | approximately 94.4 million head of cattle, including
               | those raised for beef and dairy production.
               | 
               | - Beef: In 2021, the United States imported approximately
               | 3.1 billion pounds of beef and veal, that's apx. 6 mil.
               | cows.
               | 
               | - Pigs (hogs): In 2020, the United States produced around
               | 129 million hogs.
               | 
               | - Pork: In 2021, the United States imported approximately
               | 1.0 billion pounds of pork.
               | 
               | - Chickens (broilers): In 2020, the United States
               | produced about 9.1 billion broiler chickens for meat.
               | 
               | - Poultry: In 2021, the United States imported around 913
               | million pounds of poultry meat, including broiler meat
               | and turkey meat.
               | 
               | - Turkeys: In 2020, the United States produced
               | approximately 229 million turkeys.
               | 
               | Fish, shellfish, ducks, sheep, goats, or dairy products
               | not included.
               | 
               | Source: USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service
        
         | hcarvalhoalves wrote:
         | Raising SOME animals in SOME places is an efficient way to
         | produce protein, including dairy - like zebu cattle and goat,
         | hardy animals that graze on land that will grow nothing. There
         | are human populations outside the western bubble surviving with
         | minimal resources for a long time thanks to that.
         | 
         | Raising large quantities of animals in the rhythm necessary to
         | feed meat daily to a large population is irrational and creates
         | these shortcomings.
         | 
         | IMO animal agriculture is just another one of those topics
         | that, if you really deep-dive, turns into a discussion of
         | overpopulation and capitalism.
        
           | triyambakam wrote:
           | > animals that graze on land that will grow nothing
           | 
           | You must not literally mean nothing, but I still don't
           | understand where the nutrients are supposed to come from if
           | the land is so poor that food crops won't grow, yet there is
           | supposed to be enough nutritious grass for grazing?
        
             | hcarvalhoalves wrote:
             | Of course I mean figuratively. Humans don't have a rumen,
             | so our capability of extracting energy from vegetables is
             | much more limited, basically we need starch (grains or
             | tubers). These animals can feed on grass where these
             | nitrogen-intensive crops won't grow without fertilizers.
        
           | giraffe_lady wrote:
           | It's not an overpopulation problem.
           | 
           | When you hit "the world can't support everyone living the way
           | we live" the problem is with the way we live, not with
           | everyone living.
           | 
           | We can easily provide healthy nutritious food to everyone and
           | many many more. Just not in the form that we are currently
           | choosing for ourselves.
        
             | hcarvalhoalves wrote:
             | Define "easily".
             | 
             | Seriously, if you ever dealt with land in your life, you
             | would know agriculture is anything but "easy". It only
             | exists in today's shape and form thanks to fossil fuels,
             | massive government incentives and cost externalities.
        
               | giraffe_lady wrote:
               | OK fine it's hard we still have to do it though you can't
               | just throw up your hands and say "eugenics time!"
               | 
               | It still seems pretty clear to me that the problem is
               | resource overconsumption, not simple overpopulation.
               | Let's address that first bit first then see where we are.
        
               | CameronNemo wrote:
               | Reducing population size indiscriminately is not
               | eugenics.
        
               | hcarvalhoalves wrote:
               | The problem is you can't discuss consumption without
               | addressing the population. The current economic model
               | simply pushes the rest of world to consume at the
               | unsustainable levels of a North American or European
               | citizen. One of those will have to give.
        
           | timeon wrote:
           | "everyone should stop eating meat" is red herring. People
           | often point out outside of "western bubble" so they can get
           | rid of responsibility inside that "bubble". Really poor
           | people do not eat meat in scale that is now so common in rich
           | countries.
        
             | PeterisP wrote:
             | True, but in the last few decades so many people world wide
             | have stopped being so poor that they do not eat meat in
             | large scale. In China, meat consumption per person has
             | increased more than sixfold since 1980, getting close to EU
             | levels, and that is a natural outcome of Chinese people
             | becoming less poor; the same is likely to happen elsewhere
             | around the world unless some factor keeps the developing
             | world so poor that they can't afford to do so.
        
         | amanaplanacanal wrote:
         | Like almost all environmental problems, nobody wants to talk
         | about the real root of the problem: people have been having too
         | damn many babies.
        
           | goodpoint wrote:
           | By large part most of the problem is due to overconsumption
           | from a minority of the world population.
           | 
           | But I don't blame most individuals: people buy what's
           | available in shops and have little choice to do otherwise.
           | The problem is in the economical system.
        
           | kmeisthax wrote:
           | No, it isn't. In fact, the entire developed world, plus
           | Russia and China, is facing significant demographic cliffs in
           | the near future because people stopped having too many damned
           | babies decades ago. Human population will peak at 10B and
           | start declining from there. In fact, several countries are
           | trying to _restart_ excess-replacement fertility specifically
           | because the decline in working-age population is already too
           | steep and the alternative is to starve the elderly to
           | death[0].
           | 
           | The real root of the problem is that there is no root of the
           | problem. There are hundreds of causes that all feed back into
           | one another. If you try to boil this down into a root-cause
           | narrative, what you will inevitably end up with is a cartoon
           | caricature that, at best, pushes an anti-human narrative; and
           | worse / more likely, blames some proxy for the poor, racial
           | minorities, or foreigners. I know this because the whole
           | 'population bomb' thing wound up being used by fascists to
           | try and paint their shenanigans as environmentally friendly.
           | 
           | [0] In Russia, this is literally the only thing that will get
           | Putin chucked out a window. A very large chunk of the country
           | moved to mining towns in the 70s and 80s to take advantage of
           | the Soviet Union equivalent of FIRE[1]. Those pensions are a
           | crushing burden upon the government and any attempt to reduce
           | them causes massive protests and riots.
           | 
           | [1] Financial Independence, Retire Early
        
             | biorach wrote:
             | > A very large chunk of the country moved to mining towns
             | in the 70s and 80s to take advantage of the Soviet Union
             | equivalent of FIRE[1]. Those pensions are a crushing burden
             | upon the government
             | 
             | Sources? In particular, what proportion of the population?
             | 
             | When were the attempts to reduce the pensions?
        
           | remexre wrote:
           | I thought the root cause isn't the total number of people,
           | it's the fact that developed-nation lifestyles are a lot more
           | environmentally impactful than developing ones; (6B * current
           | developed-nation avg carbon footprint) > (8B * current global
           | avg carbon footprint)
        
             | concordDance wrote:
             | They're both causes. E.g. if there were only 500 million
             | people in the world there'd be no issue. Similarly, if
             | everyone lived a somali lifestyle it wouldn't be that bad
             | environmentally.
        
           | vixen99 wrote:
           | Actually lots of people are now talking about the problem of
           | too few babies especially in Europe. Many countries are
           | looking to their populations halving by 2100. A recent report
           | says there are 79 countries with fertility rates (mean=1.59)
           | below the replacement level rate (mean=2.08).
           | 
           | [ The means are my calculations on dataset in
           | https://www.pop.org/simple/countries-with-below-
           | replacement-... ]
           | 
           | There are some negative consequences or at least difficult
           | questions to wrestle with. Where is the tax coming from in a
           | massively aged world? Who pays for healthcare for the elderly
           | and who looks after them? Will retirement remain an option in
           | those countries and will those folk get a pension? Others can
           | comment on the positive aspects of declining fertility.
        
           | f6v wrote:
           | How many is just right?
        
           | DrThunder wrote:
           | Absolutely not. This a massive lie propped up by nihilistic
           | ant-humanist rhetoric.
           | 
           | The population is going down. People aren't having enough
           | babies for replacement. You're going to have a rude awakening
           | when you get old and there's not enough people to take care
           | of you, pay into the retirement system etc.
        
           | comte7092 wrote:
           | Population growth is peaking and will begin to decline within
           | the lifetimes of people being born today.
           | 
           | Your point is a red herring.
        
         | concordDance wrote:
         | Almost all of these apply to plant farming too?
        
           | timeon wrote:
           | Yes. And with animal agriculture - especially at scale that
           | is needed for contemporary demand - you need huge amount of
           | plant farming.
        
           | myshpa wrote:
           | If the world adopted a plant-based diet we would reduce
           | global agricultural land use from 4 to 1 billion hectares
           | 
           | https://ourworldindata.org/land-use-diets
        
           | PretzelPirate wrote:
           | Of course, most plants we grow are fed to animals. Directly
           | eating plants would reduce the overall impact since we'd grow
           | less.
        
           | DrThunder wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
             | pasquinelli wrote:
             | you should eat more steak than wheat?
        
         | korroziya wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | DrThunder wrote:
         | This isn't relegated to animal agriculture.....
        
         | mdp2021 wrote:
         | Those shortcomings are more relevant to intensive, wrong,
         | unregulated and mindless practice. There is a form of farming
         | which keeps those shortcomings contained - with different costs
         | (but also with different quality).
        
           | Pxtl wrote:
           | Right, but the amount of meat we could get from non-intensive
           | agriculture is likely an order of magnitude lower, meaning an
           | order of magnitude rise in price.
        
           | randomdata wrote:
           | Tell us more about the form of farming that contains the high
           | energy consumption shortcoming listed above. As a crop
           | farmer, even a comparatively small reduction in energy
           | availability from a cloudy year can cause a noticeable impact
           | on yields. I wonder what we would eat if we saw a dramatic
           | decline in available energy.
        
             | CuriouslyC wrote:
             | He's probably referring to one of a variety of permaculture
             | setups that integrates animals and a food forest into their
             | operation. Carbon zero and super cheap to maintain, but
             | challenging to setup and harder to sell some of the
             | products.
        
               | stametseater wrote:
               | > _permaculture setups that integrates animals and a food
               | forest into their operation._
               | 
               | This is a premise from a bygone era. Replace modern
               | farming with integrated permaculture and billions will
               | starve. Such farming techniques only persist in developed
               | countries today as niche activities to amuse yuppies who
               | want to buy some connection to nature at the grocery
               | store.
        
               | randomdata wrote:
               | Still incredibly energy intensive. I honestly cannot
               | think of any food that isn't, at least indirectly if not
               | directly, so I want to know more about these farming
               | practices that can contain the energy need.
        
               | CuriouslyC wrote:
               | There is a spectrum of permaculture that ranges from low
               | yield totally self managing systems where you basically
               | hunt and forage, to high yield partially automated
               | systems that almost look like slick modern farms. Those
               | low yield systems can still be very productive, but you
               | have to go get it, so it's obviously more of a
               | subsistence farmer or agritourism thing.
        
               | randomdata wrote:
               | None of this addresses the intense energy requirements.
               | Even the self-managed permacultures would have little
               | chance of survival if the bulk of the energy received was
               | removed.
        
               | myshpa wrote:
               | IMHO not true (unless you're talking about sun's energy).
               | Just few examples:
               | 
               | https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/what-is-
               | permaculture-f...
               | 
               | https://www.permaculturenews.org/2014/07/15/fukuokas-
               | food-fo...
               | 
               | https://returntonow.net/2018/08/01/the-amazon-is-a-man-
               | made-...
               | 
               | https://news.mongabay.com/2020/07/in-syntropic-
               | agriculture-f...
               | 
               | https://www.microfarmguide.com/syntropic-farming/
        
               | randomdata wrote:
               | _> unless you 're talking about sun's energy_
               | 
               | What other source of energy results in a decline in plant
               | yields when clouds obscure the energy output? Of course
               | we're talking about the sun. Is there some reason we want
               | to keep avoiding the original question while sharing
               | nothing that farmers, of which you know I am from the
               | same comment, haven't already heard of a million times
               | before? This is like the tech equivalent of someone
               | asking how to prove P=NP and, in return, getting: Have
               | you heard of microservices?
        
               | myshpa wrote:
               | > Tell us more about the form of farming that contains
               | the high energy consumption shortcoming listed above ...
               | even a comparatively small reduction in energy
               | availability from a cloudy year can cause a noticeable
               | impact on yields.
               | 
               | Sorry, I have some trouble getting your meaning - maybe
               | it's too late here.
               | 
               | Are you trying to imply that my point above (High energy
               | consumption) is somehow related to sun's energy, or that
               | all crops need sun to grow (that would be trolling).
               | 
               | - Feed production: Growing crops for animal feed requires
               | energy for cultivation, irrigation, and the production of
               | synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Additionally,
               | energy is needed to harvest, transport, and process these
               | crops into feed for livestock.
               | 
               | - Livestock management: Maintaining the well-being of
               | animals in farms demands energy for heating, cooling, and
               | lighting of barns and other facilities, as well as for
               | powering equipment used for feeding, cleaning, and waste
               | management.
               | 
               | - Transportation: Energy is required for transporting
               | animals to and from farms, feedlots, and slaughterhouses.
               | This includes the transportation of feed, water, and
               | other supplies to farms, as well as the transportation of
               | animal products to processing plants and markets.
               | 
               | - Processing and packaging: The slaughter, processing,
               | and packaging of animal products also consume energy.
               | This includes the operation of slaughterhouses and
               | processing plants, refrigeration, and the production of
               | packaging materials.
               | 
               | - Refrigeration and storage: Animal products typically
               | need to be stored at low temperatures to prevent
               | spoilage. Energy is consumed in maintaining refrigeration
               | units at the necessary temperature both during
               | transportation and storage at processing facilities,
               | warehouses, and retail outlets.
               | 
               | - If the world adopted a plant-based diet we would reduce
               | global agricultural land use from 4 to 1 billion hectares
               | (https://ourworldindata.org/land-use-diets)
               | 
               | > I wonder what we would eat if we saw a dramatic decline
               | in available energy
               | 
               | Cloudy skies, or maybe volcano eruptions darkening the
               | sky for months/years, or snow in summer? Most would
               | starve, i suppose. What we would eat? Do you mean grow?
               | Mushrooms, maybe?
               | 
               | If I'm still off, could you reformulate your question?
        
           | MrMan wrote:
           | [dead]
        
           | myshpa wrote:
           | > Those shortcomings are more relevant to intensive, wrong,
           | unregulated and mindless practice
           | 
           | On average 90 percent of meat and eggs raised in the U.S.
           | come from CAFOs
           | 
           | https://mostpolicyinitiative.org/wp-
           | content/uploads/2021/01/...
        
             | rhn_mk1 wrote:
             | "Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations"
        
           | sharkjacobs wrote:
           | > Yes, but animal agriculture can be less harmful if you do
           | less of it
        
             | mdp2021 wrote:
             | I beg your pardon? It is not just a matter of "raising less
             | animals", it is also (and mainly) a matter of raising them
             | sensibly.
        
               | giraffe_lady wrote:
               | It is _mostly_ a matter of raising less animals. No other
               | factor or approach or combination of them can address
               | these things alone, reduction is a necessary step.
               | 
               | Defining any of this as "sensible" is an error imo. In a
               | sense it's certainly sensible to have the goal of
               | providing accessibly-priced meat to every member of a
               | large country. Each step along the way is sensible, I'm
               | sure.
               | 
               | But then we end up here and there is nothing sensible
               | about it. The sheer _scale_ required to provide all that
               | flesh is nearly profane in its own right. There is simply
               | and frankly no way to do it responsibly at the scale we
               | 've chosen to do it.
               | 
               | It seems meat will either remain built on human, animal
               | and ecological exploitation at an incomprehensible scale,
               | or it will revert to a rare and expensive luxury mostly
               | available only to an economic elite. I haven't seen a
               | compelling vision of any alternative.
        
               | davidjones332 wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
             | OJFord wrote:
             | That's only a paraphrasing to the extent that it means
             | higher cost, which means lower demand, which means lower
             | supply. It's not the point that was made, and the 'harm
             | saving' would be greater than proportional to the
             | consequent reduction in supply (ceteris paribus).
        
         | macinjosh wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | f6v wrote:
           | Many problems can be solved by dramatically reducing cattle
           | population and consuming more poultry.
        
           | giraffe_lady wrote:
           | _THE_ single universal defining trait of humans is our
           | refusal to be bound by the limits set for us by our
           | biological past.
           | 
           | But regardless, the alternative to an economically
           | catastrophic meat-centric diet isn't starvation and
           | malnutrition come on. It's not even vegetarianism per se.
           | 
           | Most humans most places through most of time have eaten much
           | much less meat than we currently do. They've eaten a lot more
           | plants and yes bugs and lichen and seaweed and shit than we
           | do. We don't need to idealize that or try to return to it,
           | but we should remember it.
           | 
           | We are extreme outliers among humans who have lived, in this
           | particular way, among others. We should consider the
           | consequences of occupying this extreme and choose where we
           | stand with it deliberately now that we understand what it is.
        
       | samanator wrote:
       | > ...the prevalence of these strains of E coli have dropped
       | steeply since China banned the use of colistin as a growth
       | promoter, suggesting that these genes carry other "fitness
       | disadvantages" for the pathogens.
       | 
       | That sentence seems pretty important but is hardly given any
       | attention. It seems like if we simply stop using the antibiotics
       | then the dangerous strains will die out on their own?
        
         | etiam wrote:
         | No. The numbers expressing it drop, but there are often enough
         | advantages in competition situations that the trait stays
         | around and can rapidly recolonize the population. Carrying the
         | genetic material is a slight cost. Expressing it costs more,
         | but that could be made conditional.
         | 
         | Furthermore, note that in this case, the point is that the
         | trait also confers resistance to the same type of molecule
         | occurring naturally as part of the innate immune system of
         | animals, meaning that for bacterial species with a large
         | pathogenic component to their lifestyle the resistance retains
         | a fitness advantage in their niche.
        
       | amriksohata wrote:
       | What infuriates me is the big companies selling them to farmers,
       | probably already know this and have done for years. But they
       | continue to get away with it.
        
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       (page generated 2023-04-25 23:01 UTC)