[HN Gopher] The loophole that made cars in America so big
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       The loophole that made cars in America so big
        
       Author : jseliger
       Score  : 71 points
       Date   : 2023-04-22 16:31 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
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 (TXT) w3m dump (www.distilled.earth)
        
       | phendrenad2 wrote:
       | By loophole do they mean lots of highways?
        
       | Consultant32452 wrote:
       | The loophole is that they were not regulated into oblivion.
       | That's not a loophole.
        
       | docandrew wrote:
       | Not discussed here is car seat and seatbelt requirements. If you
       | have multiple children in car seats or boosters, you're going to
       | have a hard time getting more than one in the backseat of a
       | sedan.
        
         | hoherd wrote:
         | Minivans are the most convenient vehicle for families with
         | multiple children. Minivans are not classified as SUV's.
        
           | sbaiddn wrote:
           | Most mid sized SUV (the most popular ones) are minivans
           | dressed up as SUVs.
           | 
           | Unless you're looking at an expedition or the like, they're
           | all unibody, front wheel drive, and turbo charged inline
           | fours. Just like a minivan.
           | 
           | The SUVs of old had a truck chassis, a large V6 or V8, rear
           | wheel drive.
        
           | docandrew wrote:
           | For CAFE purposes SUVs and minivans are both considered
           | "light trucks."
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | I have friends (not soccer moms) who often transport a lot of
           | people for activities (like shuttles for whitewater
           | paddling). A number of them use minivans and don't like how
           | the options have decreased relative to 3-row SUVs which they
           | think are relatively less practical cars for their purposes.
           | (And I tend to agree.)
        
             | jabroni_salad wrote:
             | I don't get why anybody that has operated a sliding door
             | would choose a 3row SUV. It's just so practical and you
             | don't have to worry about the kiddos door dinging anyone.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | The market optimizes for what people will buy, not what
             | they like. If people begrudgingly buy 3 row SUVs instead of
             | minivans, the bean counters count that as a win.
             | 
             | There are still 4 minivans on the US market, and really I
             | don't think there's space for any others to sell
             | successfully. The ones that exist are damn competitive for
             | what they are, and they still don't sell well.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | >There are still 4 minivans on the US market, and really
               | I don't think there's space for any others to sell
               | successfully. The ones that exist are damn competitive
               | for what they are, and they still don't sell well.
               | 
               | Oh I don't really disagree. The Sienna and Odyssey seem
               | like good vehicles. I'm less familiar with the remaining
               | American(?) models.
               | 
               | I also don't know enough to meaningfully speculate why
               | 3-row SUVs took over from minivans for fairly similar use
               | cases even though they seem less effective in a lot of
               | circumstances. Part of it is probably image--especially
               | for some male drivers--but I lack the data to have a
               | strong opinion.
        
               | UniverseHacker wrote:
               | Most of the "SUVs" in the US market are really just
               | minivans disguised to look masculine. It took a few
               | decades for manufacturers to realize that this is what
               | people wanted- the rugged looks of a 4x4 with the people
               | transporting ability of a minivan, and no wasted expense
               | or weight on offroad ability. The VW Atlas for example is
               | made specifically for the US market, a 3 row front wheel
               | drive minivan that looks SUV like.
               | 
               | It was pretty funny 20 years ago before this was
               | realized- big SUVs had low range transfer cases, skid
               | plates, lockers, air suspension, and tons of other
               | expensive and complicated offroad hardware. The people
               | buying and driving these had no idea what those parts
               | were for, and only found out they had them when they
               | would accidentally activate them on pavement and get an
               | expensive repair bill.
        
         | tzs wrote:
         | There are sedans that can have three child seats installed on
         | the backseat.
         | 
         | See [1] and [2] for examples.
         | 
         | Note that the second link is to an Australian site, so may be
         | using car seats that are not available in the US.
         | 
         | Here's a unit, not available in the US, that fits 3 kids in the
         | back of a Fiat 500 [3]. They have a 4 seater [4] that works in
         | a Honda Civic and similar sized cars.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.carmax.com/articles/cars-that-fit-three-car-
         | seat...
         | 
         | [1] https://www.onlineauto.com.au/best-cars/5-seat-cars-
         | fit-3-ch...
         | 
         | [3] https://www.multimac.com/p/multimac_1000_3_seater
         | 
         | [4] https://www.multimac.com/p/multimac_1200_4_seater
        
           | docandrew wrote:
           | A custom $1500 set of car seats for a small compact is
           | unreasonable. Good luck fitting three normal car seats in any
           | of the sedans in that first link. It's difficult enough in a
           | _full size truck_.
        
             | prepend wrote:
             | If you have triplets or three small children then you will
             | be used to $1500 on stuff. Do not look up prices for
             | strollers.
        
             | latortuga wrote:
             | Is it though? You'd easily save that 1500 by buying a
             | smaller car.
        
           | sbaiddn wrote:
           | 1. Where's the reverse facing seat for infants? Ive had one
           | installed in my car since '16 and Ill continue to have one
           | for another three years (legally anyway. I hate them and Ill
           | probably chuck it in two).
           | 
           | 2. There are tons of car review sites touting three cars
           | seats side by side. I own one of these cars. They don't
           | actually fit. Not in real life. Think of it like the McBurger
           | commercial on TV. In real life... bleh.
           | 
           | 3. A big car solves many problems other than transporting
           | three kids. Ive only put 2800 miles on my SUV this year, but:
           | 
           | - Ive driven six (six!) people on two >600 mi journeys.
           | 
           | - Ive loaded it with all the tiles and flooring needed for my
           | remodel
           | 
           | - picked up 2x4s and the like
           | 
           | - taken my neighbors kid's to the theater with my family many
           | times
        
             | smeej wrote:
             | Which of these things can't be done with a minivan? They're
             | a lot less "cool" looking, but they can accomplish the same
             | things.
        
               | hallucy wrote:
               | In what sense are minivans "better" than SUVs such that
               | this question is relevant? I could imagine some have
               | lower bumper heights (safer for pedestrians) but they're
               | definitely getting higher. One imagines they are broadly
               | comparable in terms of weight.
               | 
               | (Personally I find minivans have _more_ utility, but I
               | don't feel like I'm doing something "right" by owning one
               | instead of an SUV).
        
         | prepend wrote:
         | I don't know about that. I had a tiny Audi a3 over 10 years ago
         | and easily fit two giant recaro car seats. And a booster seat
         | sat between them.
        
         | sbaiddn wrote:
         | Yup. I can squeeze the kids in the Golf... if my eldest doesn't
         | use her booster.
         | 
         | I can put them in the Sorrento.... But I have to buckle her
         | into her seat belt while shes standing holding the boosted.
         | Then I have to lift them both to get them i to position.
         | 
         | We want a new car. We were going to buy a Sienna hybrid. But
         | they're ridiculously priced, unobtainium and, frankly, not that
         | big. So Im looking at a low milage Expedition Max or convincing
         | the wife for a Sprinter.
        
           | freedomben wrote:
           | Yep, we just got our Sienna hybrid a couple weeks ago. We
           | literally waited _19 months_ to get it. It 's beyond absurd
           | at this point.
           | 
           | Maybe some people are buying SUVs because they can't wait
           | until their new baby is walking and talking before driving
           | them somewhere?
        
           | UniverseHacker wrote:
           | The golf is such a well designed car... a tiny efficient car
           | with more usable space inside than many SUVs.
           | 
           | When I had a kid I went from a golf to a full sized SUV and
           | was shocked to find that the usable space was barely any
           | larger.
        
             | sbaiddn wrote:
             | Love the Golf, but honestly, the hatchback versa's space
             | efficiency impressed me more than the golf. It's
             | significantly smaller than the golf, but its tall, has a
             | smaller engine bay and very thin doors.
             | 
             | It was easier to pack my firstborn's stuff in it than the
             | Golf. We got rid of it for the Sorrento when we got rear
             | ended when my daughter was four days old. Then I decided
             | I'd get the heaviest vehicle I could then afford - the
             | Sorrento.
        
         | 1-6 wrote:
         | Yeah, why not allow for 3-row wagons and the return of 3rd rows
         | with reversed seating? It seems like an easy win for some
         | families who have to choose between an SUV or van.
        
           | sbaiddn wrote:
           | Putting the seat there is easy. The trick is making it safe
           | when it's on or behind the rear axle. Everyone else in the
           | car is in a cocoon.
        
             | nine_k wrote:
             | What makes it less safe?
        
               | ultrarunner wrote:
               | The rest of the giant vehicles on the road
        
           | lukas099 wrote:
           | Man, I loved those rear-facing seats as a kid.
        
             | sbaiddn wrote:
             | They were great. Especially in college with chill friends
        
       | Simulacra wrote:
       | _The intent of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 was
       | to make all passenger vehicles in America more fuel efficient.
       | But auto lobbyists convinced regulators to make a subtle change
       | to the bill's text. While efficiency standards for cars would be
       | written into the law itself, the standards for trucks were to be
       | set by regulators at the Transportation Department._
       | 
       | In short, because SUVs are built on a truck frame and are
       | considered trucks, they are not held to the same fuel standards
       | as cars.
        
         | jdsully wrote:
         | That was true in the 90s but most SUVs people are buying today
         | are on a unibody frame.
        
       | alphabettsy wrote:
       | There are many gaps in the article.
       | 
       | They talk about SUVs the size of the Ford Expedition, which
       | certainly sold well, but smaller SUVs like the Ford Explorer,
       | Chevy Blazer and Jeep Cherokee that are more similar to the
       | crossovers our roads are jammed with today sold even bigger
       | number and continued to grow in popularity.
       | 
       | I think the number of reason is cheap fuel compared to Europe,
       | marketing, infrastructure and norms. We don't have old cities
       | with narrow streets like Europe does. Our suburban homes have
       | space for a large car. Our cars were always big.
        
         | pantalaimon wrote:
         | SUVs have grown in popularity in Europe too. In Germany it
         | feels like it's becoming the new standard car class, every
         | brand seems to have an SUV as their most popular model.
        
           | nuancebydefault wrote:
           | Please note that what's called SUV in Europe is quite
           | different from the average SUV on US roads. A vehicle in the
           | sub-compact segment consuming less than 5.5 liters of
           | gasoline per 100 km is something else than a Grand Cherokee.
        
       | mertd wrote:
       | The loophole enabled car makers to produce SUVs but ultimately
       | the consumers who still had a choice between fuel efficient
       | sedans and SUVs, overwhelmingly chose to buy SUVs.
        
         | raverbashing wrote:
         | Yeah, people are quick to call regulation, but the consumers
         | continue to have the choice. It's not like they're obligated to
         | buy a car that's so tall you can run over a child without
         | noticing.
         | 
         | And then again, other countries have lower limits on the weight
         | of vehicles you can drive with a regular driver's license.
        
           | CWuestefeld wrote:
           | > It's not like they're obligated to buy a car that's so tall
           | you can run over a child without noticing.
           | 
           | We're stuck in a race to the top.
           | 
           | Intuitively, a larger car is safer: if two differently-sized
           | cars are in a crash, the big one will win while the small one
           | suffers greater damage. In the modern age of safetyism, that
           | means that if I'm on a road surrounded by larger cars, I also
           | must by a large car in self defense. Thus, everybody keeps
           | upping the ante, buying larger cars.
           | 
           | (FWIW, I don't subscribe to that approach. I favor a nimble
           | and agile car to allow me to avoid a collision in the first
           | place.)
        
             | hoppla wrote:
             | Is it not a truck license required to drive a truck in the
             | US? It seems unsafe that inexperienced drivers can drive
             | around with <<trucks>> at park lots
        
               | jabroni_salad wrote:
               | You only need that if driving commercially, but the real
               | barrier to entry is a training program before any
               | carriers will take you seriously as a professional
               | driver.
               | 
               | For reference you can drive 60ft of recreational nonsense
               | in most states with a basic license.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | zdragnar wrote:
               | Nope. I own a truck (mostly because I do some light
               | forestry work a few times a year that a smaller utility
               | vehicle can't handle) and they're generally perfectly
               | fine for driving. American parking lots are a good deal
               | larger than what you'll find in a dense urban European
               | city.
               | 
               | Additionally, the newest models have had 360 degree
               | cameras for a few years now since they're cheap to add
               | and mark up the price by a bit. An inexperienced driver
               | will have an easier time parking one of those than a
               | standard sedan without.
               | 
               | It is profoundly stupid to own a pickup truck if you
               | don't plow snow, need to haul things off road, or
               | regularly tow recreational vehicles.
               | 
               | With that said, the higher trim models are easily the
               | most comfortable vehicles to ride in that you'll find.
               | I'm 6'4", and I can sit in the back seat of a modern crew
               | cab truck without slouching and leg room to spare. Most
               | smaller cars I can't even do that in the driver's seat.
        
             | metiscus wrote:
             | The old struggle between the Dreadnought and the
             | Battlecruiser rears its ugly head again. It's amazing how
             | such different things can run into the same human idioms.
        
         | cnelsenmilt wrote:
         | Sure, in the same way that when I'm trying to lose weight and
         | want a snack I will make a choice between a celery stick and a
         | cookie, or I can forestall the choice by not having a cookie in
         | the house in the first place. The story of Odysseus and the
         | sirens.
        
           | replygirl wrote:
           | Except in automotive we have options that taste like cookies
           | with all the benefits of celery sticks: hatchbacks and wagons
           | with great cargo capacity, ride quality, driving dynamics,
           | and fuel efficiency. In America we go with the unhealthy
           | cookie even though the healthy one tastes the same, because
           | we don't want to look gay or poor
        
       | venk12 wrote:
       | I believe this has to do with how the cities are designed in some
       | sense. For most places in the US, you need to travel so many
       | miles to get basic stuff including your groceries. This means
       | people would have to prefer convenience more than shorter trips.
       | SUV looks like a good option from that standpoint.
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | The problem is that the US have relatively few cities proper,
         | in the European meaning of the word. If you live in NYC, most
         | of the time you don't need a car, and a ton of people here
         | don't even own one. If you look at, say, Houston, it's a whole
         | different business.
        
       | sb057 wrote:
       | The reason large cars are popular in America is because Americans
       | want to and can afford to buy them. This is due to a number of
       | factors beyond this "loophole", including advertising, cultural
       | norms, the fact that a third of Americans are now obese and can't
       | fit in smaller cars, a safety arms race, and a number of other
       | things.
        
         | prng2021 wrote:
         | Yea this article makes it sound like the loophole is the
         | primary reason but I don't think it's even a significant
         | contributor. Anyone can google the top 5 SUVs sold in 2022.
         | None of them are over the 6,000 pound gross weight limit to be
         | counted as a track. All of them over grown significantly in
         | physical size over the past decade.
         | 
         | American family sizes have steadily dropped for many decades so
         | the editor's mention of millennials and family sizes
         | contributing to demand for large vehicles is nonsensical.
         | 
         | Americans just love big cars and that desire vastly trumps and
         | concern over environmental impact.
        
           | masklinn wrote:
           | > Americans just love big cars and that desire vastly trumps
           | and concern over environmental impact.
           | 
           | Not like it's just Americans either.
        
             | ch_sm wrote:
             | Cars in the U.S. are still FAR bigger on average than
             | anywhere I've seen (in Europe or Asia).
        
               | masklinn wrote:
               | They are, but from what I've seen there are idiots
               | getting US-style pickups in Europe these days.
               | 
               | The stupidity threshold is just higher, because European
               | countries are not designed for vehicles this long or wide
               | so your want for the bloody things has to exceed the
               | sheer inconvenience they are for you (I assume whoever
               | buys these cares nothing for the inconvenience to
               | others), and the money pit they are in fuel and
               | maintenance (as they're uncommon I'd also assume most
               | garages can't handle them).
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _I don't think it's even a significant contributor_
           | 
           | I know a surprisingly nontrivial number of people who needed
           | an SUV, but upsized because of the tax deduction.
        
           | euroderf wrote:
           | And when gas prices go up, everyone gets all whiny and acts
           | all oppressed.
        
             | prepend wrote:
             | High gas prices are regressive and are a little oppressive.
             | So they function like a tax, most impacting the poor.
             | 
             | Makes sense to while about it. And is an oppression, while
             | definitely not the worst.
        
               | euroderf wrote:
               | I'd like to see the US jack up gas taxes, and then at the
               | end of the year, refund most of it as an equal amount per
               | adult. That would create some serious incentives to cut
               | down on driving or even give up cars entirely, while not
               | becoming a cash cow for the feds.
        
               | replygirl wrote:
               | This is clever gamification but probably most of the
               | players would be the suburban and rural poor, for whom
               | excess driving is more likely to be non-discretionary and
               | the only option for local + regional travel. The effect
               | would be to limit their quality of life, either by
               | deferring access to money for basic expenses, by limiting
               | access to employment, or by discouraging children's
               | access to recreation and socialization opportunities.
               | There are similar arguments against VMT taxes
               | 
               | How about we tax cars as property, based on Blue Book
               | value and modulated by income bracket, and maybe even by
               | specs like weight and fuel economy? Some states are
               | already doing at least a basic version of this. And
               | instead of giving the money back, we can fund fare-free
               | municipal bus and rideshare programs
        
             | geodel wrote:
             | Huh, about as whiny as people here get about internet
             | bandwidth prices. or about apartment rents when any
             | increase is a vast landlords conspiracy.
        
         | nimbius wrote:
         | Eh, I think want is a strong word but you're right. Americans
         | are conditioned through predatory advertising to assume the
         | only safe car is a big one, and the only mark of masculinity is
         | size.
         | 
         | Chubbiness of my fellow patriots aside, our commutes suck.
         | Plush seating, ample leg room, and a corpulent selection of
         | infotainment amenities help ease the pain of a 30 mile or more
         | slog through traffic.
        
           | JasserInicide wrote:
           | _to assume the only safe car is a big one_
           | 
           | When everyone else on the road has a big one, then yes it is
           | the only safe option.
        
             | paulryanrogers wrote:
             | Not for the pedestrians and bicyclists, which are common in
             | the suburbs so many live in.
        
         | maximilianroos wrote:
         | A good piece of evidence supporting this view over the
         | article's is that _many_ things are bigger in America than
         | other developed countries, loophole or no loophole.
         | 
         | Take houses -- Americans are richer than Europeans, and spend
         | some of that on houses that are significantly larger than
         | European houses.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | The build quality is generally lower, though. At least
           | compared to Sweden.
           | 
           | https://www.reddit.com/r/Carpentry/comments/vcvanr/why_are_a.
           | ..
        
             | prepend wrote:
             | Sweden has a very different climate than most of the US.
             | Compare houses in Maine or Minnesota to Sweden. The answers
             | to most questions in that article can be answered by
             | visiting Colorado or Virginia or most places.
        
               | nivenkos wrote:
               | Also low energy prices - people pay for heat pumps,
               | triple glazing, solar panels, etc. in Sweden because it
               | pays itself back.
               | 
               | But when energy is so cheap, why bother?
        
           | zip1234 wrote:
           | People everywhere like large houses but it is not entirely
           | preference. The government has a hand in that as well.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | Pundits consistently underestimate how much income Americans
         | make and how high living standards are compared to the rest of
         | the world. Americans earn a lot of money, hence can afford
         | bigger things in general, likes big homes or cars.
        
           | blibble wrote:
           | > Pundits consistently underestimate how much income
           | Americans make and how high living standards are compared to
           | the rest of the world.
           | 
           | Americans constantly overestimate the standard of living of
           | the majority of their citizens compared to the rest of the
           | developed world
           | 
           | no-one in Europe, Japan or Australia worries about medical
           | bills of bankruptcy regardless or their income
           | 
           | I might like a slightly larger house but I'd rather have a
           | Fiat 500 than a giant US "sofa on wheels" fake SUV with the
           | turning circle of 100ft
        
           | oezi wrote:
           | Americans are also notorious for spending their money and not
           | having experienced the destruction of private property during
           | WW2 and communism are sitting on a larger pile of inherited
           | wealth.
           | 
           | The median income is just 20-30% higher compared to Europe.
        
         | thethethethe wrote:
         | Perhaps americans prefer larger vehicle because of
         | infrastructure design, public policy, and advertising
         | campaigns, not because the desire is just innate?
         | 
         | It makes sense that you'd want a larger car when you live in a
         | place that is designed for driving and everyone else is doing
         | it too. Give people other viable options, like walking,cycling,
         | and transit, and I guarantee that they will pick them instead
         | because they are more pleasant and convenient.
         | 
         | I also don't buy that Americans don't want to live in walkable
         | and bikable places either. The two most desirable and expensive
         | cities in the United States (SF and NYC) are largely built this
         | way.
        
           | goostavos wrote:
           | >I also don't buy that Americans don't want to live in
           | walkable and bikable places either
           | 
           | The problem is that the walkable / bikable places are so few
           | and far between that they're gobsmackingly expensive. Even on
           | a FANG salary, getting a reasonable place in one of the few
           | walkable neighborhoods is beyond what I'm willing to pay
           | these days.
           | 
           | If you want more than 900sqft for your family, trading a
           | 15min walk for a 25min drive just makes so much more sense
           | with how American cities are laid out and how much
           | competition there is over the desirable places.
        
         | daliusd wrote:
         | When I was working for US company I saw funniest thing - two
         | obese coworkers sitting in Mini Cooper. They fit just fine.
        
           | pengaru wrote:
           | > When I was working for US company I saw funniest thing -
           | two obese coworkers sitting in Mini Cooper. They fit just
           | fine.
           | 
           | Oh the irony of this comment if that was a BMW "Mini
           | Cooper"...
        
           | mahesh_rm wrote:
           | The facts that you remember them, and that this comment is
           | hilarious, kind of show that they didn't fit just fine..
        
           | paulryanrogers wrote:
           | Modern Mini Coopers come in a variety of not-so-mini sizes.
        
         | ren_engineer wrote:
         | not true for trucks at least, smaller pickups got killed by
         | these regulations. Ironic that there are so many people in
         | cities complaining about how big trucks are now when it was
         | stuff they voted for that caused it. Companies still make them,
         | they just can't be sold in the US anymore due to regulations
         | 
         | https://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2012/10/how-cafe-killed-co...
        
       | everyone wrote:
       | Saw a good video about this recently...
       | https://youtu.be/jN7mSXMruEo
        
         | throw0101b wrote:
         | > https://youtu.be/jN7mSXMruEo
         | 
         | Discussion:
         | 
         | * https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35202168
        
       | oldnetguy wrote:
       | Why did Chevrolet drop the Spark and Sonic?
       | 
       | Why did Toyota drop the Yaris?
       | 
       | Why is the Honda Civic so big?
       | 
       | Cars have gotten bigger due to a lot of factors and this article
       | addresses none of them.
        
         | vidanay wrote:
         | 1988 Geo Metro could get like 54 MPG. Impossible to build and
         | sell due to 2023 regulations.
        
           | zip1234 wrote:
           | What regulations would make it impossible now?
        
             | to11mtm wrote:
             | Emissions changes and Crash Regs for starters.
             | 
             | One can look at the Chevrolet Spark; it is not really much
             | larger than the Metro, but only gets MPGs in the upper 30s
             | AFAIK.
        
         | BigCryo wrote:
         | Back in the 1980s Toyota started making super efficient cars
         | that hardly ate any gas. So Detroit had to start going along
         | with the idea. Cars back then got a lot more gas mileage than
         | they do today even though the engines were not as sufficient
         | but they did so because the cars had much lighter weight than
         | they do today.. cars today are heavier per volume because of
         | all the safety regulations. The safety regulations were pushed
         | through Congress based on media scare propaganda about traffic
         | safety and car crashes and so forth. But who paid the media to
         | put out all that propaganda. That led to safer but heavier cars
         | that consumed more gasoline? I have an idea. I think it was the
         | oil companies that paid the media to put out scare propaganda
         | about automobile safety and then they paid the politicians to
         | pass the laws to make cars a lot safer and heavier.. that
         | caused the price of gas to go back up
        
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       (page generated 2023-04-22 23:02 UTC)