[HN Gopher] Farouk al Kasim saved Norway from its oil (2014)
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       Farouk al Kasim saved Norway from its oil (2014)
        
       Author : DevOfNull
       Score  : 95 points
       Date   : 2023-04-19 18:36 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (psmag.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (psmag.com)
        
       | omegaworks wrote:
       | Farouk certainly played a role, but I long to see an expose on
       | the backchannels between elites during this period. It seems the
       | great powers of the Global North wouldn't dare attempt to
       | destabilize and usurp one of their own sovereigns.
       | 
       | People are too quick to blame "state-owned monopolies" when the
       | development and success of any producer is dependent on the
       | gatekeepers of the global oil marketplace.
        
       | 0xDEF wrote:
       | The problem now is that the Norwegian sovereign wealth fund is
       | deeply tied to the US economy.
       | 
       | I don't understand why we Europeans are so invested into the US
       | economy when every American on twitter/reddit is saying the US
       | dollar and economy is about to collapse. They might be wrong and
       | are probably wrong but it is still incredibly stupid to invest in
       | a country when its own citizens think it will collapse in a year
       | or two.
        
       | Mizza wrote:
       | Stupid use of funds for the most part, it's not re-invested in
       | the country, just the American stock market. It's not like they
       | had to buy solid gold rolls royces, but there's no reinvestment
       | internally other than oil and fish. Norway is a hedge fund with
       | the F-35.
        
         | kwhitefoot wrote:
         | I suspect that the people arguing here that Norway should
         | direct that huge volume of money internally are not Norwegian
         | residents. Those of us who live in Norway, most of us anyway,
         | recognize that doing that would be a disaster and would just
         | fund short term spending and fuel inflation.
         | 
         | The UK and the Dutch just spent the money they got from the
         | North Sea oil and at least the UK has little to show for it.
         | 
         | Anyway, the Norwegian economy is doing just fine without it, we
         | bounced back from COVID faster than practically everywhere else
         | and everywhere I look there are new commercial and industrial
         | buildings going up.
        
         | haasted wrote:
         | They're probably trying to avoid some of the economic mistakes
         | made by the Dutch when they started producing natural gas:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_disease
        
         | matsemann wrote:
         | Using it internally would not be a good idea, though. That
         | amount of money fueled directly into the economy would make our
         | inflation even worse than it is.
        
           | Mizza wrote:
           | I think this really highlights the attitude - don't invest
           | money because it might harm the money. Money is for putting
           | in foreign assets, so that rather than a large amount of
           | money now, you can have a small trickle of money later.
        
             | jonsen wrote:
             | If there's will and ability to pay back.
        
             | vidarh wrote:
             | Rather so that you can have the "small trickle"
             | perpetually.
        
               | Mizza wrote:
               | Yeah, countries always have this, they're called
               | taxpayers. If you invest in them, they can pay you more
               | taxes than you put in. If you make their lives good, then
               | people can even make _more_ people! Instead, Norway
               | invests in American businesses in order to get that slow
               | trickle, so instead of investing in their own people and
               | industries, they have a slow trickle which can gives
               | pension to a population in decline.
        
               | unyttigfjelltol wrote:
               | Maybe that's the real nub of the "resource curse"-- any
               | effort to improve the lives of its citizens will be wrong
               | and bad, so just invest in foreign assets and otherwise
               | preserve things as they are.
        
               | knodi123 wrote:
               | Nasruddin was riding his donkey to the market, with his
               | son walking along beside him.
               | 
               | As he passed a group of travelers going in the opposite
               | direction, he overheard one of them saying "look at this
               | cruel old man, riding in comfort while his son has to
               | walk." Caring very much for the opinion of others, he got
               | off of the donkey and told his son to ride.
               | 
               | He passed another group of travelers, and overheard one
               | whisper "look at the silly old man, walking his life away
               | while his young, strong son rides in comfort."
               | 
               | He tried riding behind his son, but overheard people
               | criticizing his cruelty towards the overburdened beast.
               | He tried having them both walk, and was criticized for
               | not realizing that donkeys could be ridden.
               | 
               | Finally, in frustration, he ordered his son to help him
               | carry the donkey. As they both struggled to lift the
               | large and uncooperative beast, another group of travelers
               | approached, staring at him in confusion. Before they
               | could say anything, he shouted at them "Shut up, I don't
               | want to hear it!"
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | Investment within Norway is high enough that putting more
               | in would drive inflation, at which point you might as
               | well be burning the money, so it's a balancing act.
               | 
               | And the notion that improving living conditions - Norway
               | is already at or near the top of nearly every quality of
               | life measure - increases fertility is directly the
               | opposite of real life global trends.
        
               | Mizza wrote:
               | It's too exhausting to keep going. It's essentially a
               | religious belief here, for some backwards reason a nation
               | of mortgage holders is fervently obsessed with keeping
               | inflation down and making money by investing in anybody
               | but themselves. If you point out this might not be an
               | optimal medium term strategy, somebody will pull out a
               | list, point at somewhere near the top and say hey, we're
               | doing better than Sweden.
               | 
               | It's good. I think it could _amazing_ if some of the
               | political orthodoxy was reexamined.
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | You seem to have a religious belief here too, that the
               | average Norwegian resident can be arbitrarily improved by
               | spending more money on them.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | I wish my country would make "stupid" investments to the tune
         | of $250,000 per citizen set aside for a rainy day (or decade).
        
           | Mizza wrote:
           | It's better than the poke in the eye, that's for sure, I just
           | don't think it's optimal and I'm tired of the way this story
           | gets trotted out every now and then. I think there's a middle
           | ground between solid gold rocket cars and rainy-day
           | austerity. Norway is quite under developed in many ways, many
           | services you'd think would be better just aren't, once the
           | oil gets switched off they don't have much modern industry as
           | an alternative, which wouldn't be the problem if they spent
           | some of the money to diversify.
        
             | kwhitefoot wrote:
             | > many services you'd think would be better just aren't
             | 
             | Perhaps you could enlighten us about which services are
             | lacking and how they are so much better in those countries
             | that just spent the North Sea oil revenue internally?
        
               | Mizza wrote:
               | Today, I'd pick Posten. It seems like you're a proud
               | nationalist and I don't want to start a fight.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | ubercore wrote:
               | Posten is a mixed bag. Ease of access at places like
               | grocery stores, and general service is great. But
               | delivery can often be weirdly delayed. Sometimes we get
               | notice of bills _after_ they're due. But overall, I
               | prefer it to the US postal service I'm used to, so it
               | doesn't feel like a slam dunk example to me.
               | 
               | Spend some of that money on training and paying more GPs,
               | and you'd have my interest...
        
               | Mizza wrote:
               | Maybe I'm just really unlucky, and I didn't really want
               | to get into that guy about wait times at hospitals or
               | whatever, but I find Posten to be just _spectacularly_
               | and often hilariously terrible.
        
               | ubercore wrote:
               | PostNord is about a million times worse for me.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | Oil's far more likely to _taper_ off. A trillion dollars in
             | the bank will cushion that transition quite well.
        
       | outside1234 wrote:
       | > without trashing the environment
       | 
       | without trashing the NORWEGIAN environment, but let's not
       | whitewash over all of the CO2 they have unleashed on the world.
       | 
       | More generally, I think it will be interesting to see what
       | happens next with Norway - while they have avoided the principle
       | resource curse - what happens when all of these oil jobs
       | disappear (10% of direct employment and probably up to 25% in an
       | indirect sense)?
        
         | 0xDEF wrote:
         | The intentional conflation of localized environmental pollution
         | and the GHG damage to the global climate is something many
         | Westerners do. That is how they have deluded themselves into
         | thinking dirty streets in India is a bigger problem than
         | Americans driving F150s.
        
       | DevOfNull wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | js2 wrote:
       | Two previous discussions from a 2009 ft.com article titled "The
       | Iraqi who saved Norway from oil":
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19594153 (347 points, 129
       | comments)
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28780108 (115 points, 81
       | comments)
       | 
       | Original 2009 article:
       | 
       | http://archive.today/2022.06.15-104752/https://www.ft.com/co...
        
       | tpmx wrote:
       | Disclosure: I'm a Swede who previously worked in various
       | primarily Norwegian-owned software companies for two decades. I'm
       | mostly happy about how it went. I also got some insights about
       | Norway along the way via the 100+ trips to Oslo during that last
       | decade when I had an engineering management role. That travel
       | schedule was exhausting.
       | 
       | My pet peeve about Norway and oil: How very few people ever call
       | them out on being the Saudi Arabia of the north (well, minus the
       | murders/various other kinds of oppressions).
       | 
       | They do so much (excellent!) PR that shows them being the
       | ethical/environmental leaders.. that totally ignores the fact
       | that they are the people making money on pumping old fossil
       | remains out from their seabeds. If they really meant it, they
       | could, like.. stop doing that? I mean, pick a lane.
        
         | hkon wrote:
         | Disclosure, I'm a Norwegian. Saudi Arabia of the north. Well.
         | Actually I think Sweden might be a top contender for that name.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | tpmx wrote:
           | Please do elaborate. (Here's some rope I found laying
           | around.)
        
         | matsemann wrote:
         | I'm Norwegian, and I agree. We have deluded ourselves to
         | believe our oil is "clean" and "green".
         | 
         | And while stopping the pumps would probably wreak havoc on our
         | economy, we could at least stop looking for new fields while
         | emptying the ones we have for some more years. So slowly wean
         | off the oil tit. But every time that's suggested, the
         | government says "develop, not stop". And use straw men like "we
         | can't stop abruptly!!", even though that's not the suggestion
         | on the table. And they've used the same excuse for a decade to
         | not do anything. If we actually started transitioning away from
         | oil a decade ago, we would be better off. And if we at least
         | started now we would be better off. But that can just gets
         | kicked down the road.
        
           | tpmx wrote:
           | You mean to say Norwegians in general actually think the
           | Norwegian oil is "clean" and "green" just because the
           | operations to pump it up are? I mean, brain-washing can be
           | effective, especially when there's a financial motive to
           | believe it.
        
         | oh_sigh wrote:
         | I agree, and have noticed that discrepancy, but I guess it is
         | better than double dipping - profiting from environment-
         | destroying products, and then investing those profits into
         | environment-destroying products.
         | 
         | I can't really blame the Norwegians though - even if they care
         | about the environment greatly, it would be hard for anyone to
         | have a lifestyle based around their $250k income and to go back
         | to a lifestyle based around having more normal $50k income.
        
         | gautamdivgi wrote:
         | What do you plan to use instead of fossil fuels today?
        
           | tpmx wrote:
           | In Norway and Sweden (shared grid): Primarily electric hydro
           | + nuclear power. Wind power adds to the mix when it's windy -
           | and it often is.
           | 
           | (Here's the complete picture regarding the grid:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_grid_of_Continenta.
           | ..)
           | 
           | There are power cables between RG Nordic and RG Continental
           | Europe/RG Baltic/RG GB but to my knowledge they are all via
           | high voltage DC - so not AC phase synced.
        
             | gautamdivgi wrote:
             | Is that deployed infrastructure today to handle needs and
             | scaling for the future? I know Germany was cutting back on
             | nuclear.
        
               | tpmx wrote:
               | I think we're getting a bit off-topic here, but in a
               | nutshell: The current government of Sweden wants to build
               | new nuclear power plants to scale up the power supply for
               | the future.
        
               | gautamdivgi wrote:
               | That's good to know. Thanks!!!
        
             | sidewndr46 wrote:
             | well today I learned something interesting: Norway and
             | Sweden aren't on the big grid that covers most of Europe.
        
               | kzrdude wrote:
               | Here's a bonus: western half of Denmark is on the
               | continental europe synchronous grid and the eastern half
               | is on the Nordic grid.
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | at least the whole country is nominally ~220 VAC 50 Hz
               | though right? Not like Japan with different frequency
               | standards.
        
               | matsemann wrote:
               | We (Norway) do have cables connecting us to UK and
               | Europe. They've been a hot topic the last year with the
               | high energy prices. We're making bank on selling our
               | hydro power when gas got scarce. But that skyrocketed our
               | own prices.
               | 
               | It's a difficult topic. It's probably a net win for
               | Norway, as we can produce when price is high, and stop
               | our hydro and import when prices are low. The problem is
               | just that the benefit ends up making the government and
               | the electric producers (again owned by government orgs
               | mostly) rich, but us people have to pay more for our own
               | energy use. So using that extra money earned to help the
               | people is needed.
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | I would assume those cables aren't frequency synchronized
               | however, they are either a HVDC cable or have DC
               | interconnect somewhere so that the grids aren't frequency
               | synced.
        
             | kzrdude wrote:
             | IMO Sweden and Norway need to separate domestic and export
             | electricity prices so that they can come back to having
             | cheap energy as a genuine advantage for its industry.
        
       | pydry wrote:
       | It really is amazing that there is a list as long as your arm of
       | economies dominated by natural resource extraction for whom it
       | has been a curse.
       | 
       | And then there's Norway. The sole exception.
        
         | scythe wrote:
         | Chile hasn't done half bad either. It's perhaps worth noting
         | that Pinochet -- neoliberal reputation notwithstanding --
         | didn't undo Allende's nationalization of the country's copper
         | mining industry:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codelco
        
         | jutrewag wrote:
         | Not sure what you mean. The Middle East is making out like
         | bandits, it makes a sizeable percentage of the GDP in south and
         | East Asia etc. it just feels like you're putting Norway on a
         | pedestal for no particular reason.
        
           | preommr wrote:
           | The difference is where the money goes. You can point to any
           | country that scores high on corruption index and go "well
           | actually, these people made out like bandits".
        
             | jutrewag wrote:
             | The Middle East is very rich with a very high standard of
             | living. A lot of those countries have no income tax and
             | basically free medical and utilities. Much better than what
             | Norway offers.
        
               | whinenot wrote:
               | Is the standard of living really much better in the
               | Middle East than what Norway offers? I haven't seen any
               | exposes on modern slavery in Norway like I have on the
               | Middle East fiefdoms, but maybe those canny vikings are
               | just better at hiding it?
        
               | ubercore wrote:
               | I think the recently cancelled au pair system was as
               | close as Norway got.
        
               | whinenot wrote:
               | I wasn't aware of the issue but after reading some news
               | articles, it fully aligns with my impression of Norwegian
               | living standards.
        
       | esotericimpl wrote:
       | [dead]
        
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