[HN Gopher] Why do ships use "port" and "starboard" instead of "...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Why do ships use "port" and "starboard" instead of "left" and
       "right?"
        
       Author : snitzr
       Score  : 589 points
       Date   : 2023-04-18 21:58 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (oceanservice.noaa.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (oceanservice.noaa.gov)
        
       | fishtoaster wrote:
       | Because you need to differentiate between "my left when facing
       | the boat" and "my left when on the boat facing forward" or
       | really, left from any other perspective.
       | 
       | And any time there's a multi-word phrase like that that gets used
       | a lot over many years, it gets shortened.
        
         | 867-5309 wrote:
         | they need the same terminology for humans:
         | 
         | "raise you left hand. no, your other left!"
        
         | gkoberger wrote:
         | Of course, but this article explains what each word means.
         | 
         | Starboard => Means "steering side of the boat" (b/c the oar was
         | on the right side due to sailors mostly being right handed)
         | 
         | Port => The side that faces the port when docked
        
           | callamdelaney wrote:
           | You can dock a boat anyway you like, or have been instructed
           | to do so by the dockmaster.
        
             | mr_toad wrote:
             | Passenger vessels typically dock port side to the dock.
             | Same with aircraft.
        
             | gkoberger wrote:
             | From Wikipedia:
             | 
             | "Vessels with bilateral symmetry have left and right halves
             | which are mirror images of each other. One asymmetric
             | feature is where access to a boat, ship, or aircraft is at
             | the side, it is usually only on the port side (hence the
             | name)"
        
               | callamdelaney wrote:
               | There are definitely more boats with bilateral symmetry
               | than asymmetric these days.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | But if you have a steering board on the other side of your
             | ship, it's a lot easier to dock facing the other way.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | usr1106 wrote:
           | Port makes sense, never thought about it. Ships I see rarely,
           | so I couldn't tell which side they use (or even both
           | depending on the harbor) But for passenger planes it's
           | definitely left.
           | 
           | In German starboard is steuerbord, steuern = to steer. No
           | shifting over the centuries.
           | 
           | However, port is still backbord. I am not familiar with
           | Northern dialects (where they have a coast), back does not
           | tell me anything. Maybe packen = to pack/load)???
           | Interestingly enough the English argument that the 2 words
           | should not be too similar has not been applied. Maybe because
           | there are already 3 vs. 2 syllables? Whereas English had 2
           | and 2 so they changed to 2 vs. 1 to make it make obvious what
           | was said even in a big storm?
        
             | Svip wrote:
             | Similarly, the Danish terms are >>styrbord<< and
             | >>bagbord<<, respectively. >>Bagbord<< comes from >>bag<<
             | (back) meaning the backside of the sailor steering the
             | boat, because they would be facing the steering side
             | (>>styrbord<<; >>styr<< still means to steer today).
        
         | seer wrote:
         | I remember thinking why didn't they just use "boat left" or
         | something, but then at the sailing coarse I took, I remember
         | there was a boat heading toward us and I was skippering, had to
         | communicate exactly how I wanted to pass the other ship - and
         | saying "to port" was just soo simple and easy - a "to our boats
         | left" would have been way too long and you had to communicate
         | things quite quickly... That's when it "clicked" how useful
         | this shorthand really was.
        
       | deepsun wrote:
       | What are correct naming for skiing slope direction?
       | 
       | Left/right might mean looking from the mountain top, or from the
       | bottom as on maps.
        
       | shaftoe444 wrote:
       | The first paragraph is the right answer. See also
       | inboard/outboard, fwd/aft.
        
       | xivzgrev wrote:
       | That was a great explanation thanks for posting
        
       | fargle wrote:
       | When I was a kid in Minnesota we needed to learn port/starboard
       | and the colors red/green.
       | 
       | A trick that helped me remember is that "LEFT", "PORT", and "RED"
       | are all the shorter words and "RIGHT", "STARBOARD", and "GREEN"
       | are the longer words in the respective pairs.
       | 
       | FWIW.
        
         | bluefirebrand wrote:
         | This would probably throw my girlfriend off.
         | 
         | She has some kind of right/left dyslexia. When she's driving
         | and I'm giving directions I have to tell her "short turn" or
         | "long turn". Long turn being left, longer because it's across a
         | lane, right turns are shorter.
         | 
         | But if someone told her that left is shorter than right for
         | remembering purposes, it would probably mess her up more when
         | following driving directions.
        
           | drpixie wrote:
           | I was taught "Jack left port" and I know port (wine) is red.
        
           | riffraff wrote:
           | Holy crap my wife is the same, I have to tell her "turn my
           | way" or "turn your way".
           | 
           | It drives me insane as I always subconsciously interpret it
           | as a form of lazyness, your framing of it as a form od
           | dyslexia may finally allow me to be less bothered by it!
        
             | cornholio wrote:
             | Whenever I hear the words 'left' and 'right' and have to
             | act on them, i slightly twitch the corresponding arm or
             | foot, and then can orient myself accordingly.
             | 
             | I "know" where my right arm is and I can feel it
             | instinctively (as a right handed person, it's my main,
             | default arm). But apparently my brain cannot map those
             | words to directions in the outside world until it
             | establishes a positional relation to my own body. I used to
             | be ridiculed as a child for not knowing left from right
             | until I developed the twitching trick.
        
             | fargle wrote:
             | I was once driving along fine in the left lane and my
             | female friend in the passenger seat suddenly yelled "TURN
             | RIGHT HERE. RIGHT HERE! RIGHT HERE!!!"
             | 
             | So I cut across two lanes, avoided several oncoming
             | motorists and made a hasty but decent emergency right turn
             | into the parking lot.
             | 
             | She looked disgusted and said "Why did you do that? The
             | place is RIGHT over there" and pointed to an area on the
             | other side of the street on the left of where I'd been.
             | "Why didn't you turn left RIGHT THERE WHEN I TOLD YOU TO!".
             | 
             | Ah, I loved that girl (platonicly). She hit me with a shoe
             | one time, but I still feel bad for who she married.
        
               | tapanjk wrote:
               | You sound like Raymond Reddington.
        
               | rjmunro wrote:
               | This is basically the plot to the John Cleese film
               | Clockwise: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0090852/
        
             | m463 wrote:
             | or playfully, "no, the OTHER right" :)
        
           | perydell wrote:
           | My wife has the same issue. I say turn "your side" or turn
           | "my side."
        
           | philipwhiuk wrote:
           | Fun times ahead if you do international driving :)
        
           | devoutsalsa wrote:
           | Completely unrelated... my mom had a small dog when she was
           | younger. The dog sustained a head injury at some point, and
           | after that could only make right turns. If the dog wanted to
           | go left, it had to turn 270 degrees to the right. In all
           | other ways the dog was completely normal. But now I'm
           | wondering if the dog wanted to lie on its left side, would it
           | lie on its right side, roll into its back, and then settle on
           | its left side?
        
           | magicalhippo wrote:
           | In our relationship it's me who has that. So she'll tell me
           | "right" and "no, the other right". Or vice versa.
        
           | SoapSeller wrote:
           | My driving instructor had short pieces of colored tape on the
           | beams between the windshield and side windows.
           | 
           | He would say to people with such problem "turn in the next
           | left blue" every time.
           | 
           | So when they got to their test and and the tester will say to
           | them "turn in the next right" their brain will add a "red"
           | and they will look it up in the car and find it on the right
           | beam.
           | 
           | He claimed it usually solved the issue.
        
             | gooseyman wrote:
             | I'm interested in the about the phrasing "in the next
             | left/right."
             | 
             | Are you located in the US?
             | 
             | I moved from the mid-west to NYC and learned a fun regional
             | language difference about waiting with others: Those from
             | the NYC area say that they are "standing on line" whereas I
             | had grown up saying "standing in line."
             | 
             | That little in vs. on sounds so different!
        
           | kalleboo wrote:
           | I also have a hesitation when it comes to left/right. As a
           | kid I could only ever remember it as "left is the arm I wear
           | my watch" so even as an adult I always had to take a second
           | to think "watch arm or not" even a decade into the cell phone
           | era when I stopped wearing a watch.
           | 
           | Now I live in Japan and when I speak Japanese I don't have
           | the same problem at all. The brain (or at least my brain,) is
           | a weird.
        
         | zarzavat wrote:
         | I was taught the mnemonic "There's no red port left in the
         | bottle". Port wine is red.
        
           | noxvilleza wrote:
           | Port wine (in a decanter) is also traditionally passed to the
           | left when being poured.
        
           | fargle wrote:
           | Nice. Except I prefer Tawny Port, but I'll still remember it.
        
           | Biganon wrote:
           | I think "there's some red port left in the bottle" would be
           | better ; the negation kinda made me think "red" (or "port")
           | was NOT "left".
        
             | tacticus wrote:
             | From memory the No Red Port Left is also about Red on Red
             | passing for ships
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | probably not very politically correct anymore, but "You Write
         | with your Right"
         | 
         | (also righty tighty, lefty loosey)
        
         | mikelward wrote:
         | It's unfortunate that some headphones have a red "(R)" symbol
         | to mark the right side, which is the opposite of the red = port
         | convention.
        
         | denton-scratch wrote:
         | Left is larboard (starts with L), which isn't starboard. So
         | starboard is right. When you're facing the prow, of course!
        
           | croes wrote:
           | Or simply StaRRRboard is right
        
             | evrimoztamur wrote:
             | PoRRRt!
        
               | croes wrote:
               | Never heart an ORRR from a pirate.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | deltarholamda wrote:
         | P.J. O'Rourke made the quip that "port wine is red, and so is
         | your face if you get port and starboard mixed up." Which
         | doesn't help, but it's funny.
         | 
         | For sailors, we learn "red-right-returning," which means to
         | keep the red aids to navigation on the right (starboard) side
         | when returning to port. Which is great, except when it doesn't
         | apply--parts of Europe, Australia, a lot of Asia.
         | 
         | You'd think this would be a solved problem by now, but nope.
        
         | Infernal wrote:
         | I learned "right red dead" in aviation - if you see the red
         | light right of the green light, it means the other plane is
         | headed for you!
        
       | myspy wrote:
       | Great info. So starboard is where the steering wheel is. Like in
       | cars in England or Japan it's the right side. Now I know how to
       | remember that.
        
         | sime2009 wrote:
         | The words "port" and "left" have 4 letters each. That is how I
         | remember it.
        
       | oriettaxx wrote:
       | better https://www.divescotty.com/underwater-blog/boat-side-
       | starboa...
        
         | pwagland wrote:
         | I like this description, but I have always thought that the
         | saying "There is some red port left in the bottle" a much
         | simpler way of remembering the conjunction of these terms.
         | Assuming you are fasting forwards in the boat of course!
        
         | taeric wrote:
         | Much better explanation! Thanks for linking it in.
        
         | jeffwass wrote:
         | Great description of the meaning behind the red and green
         | lights on boats, thanks for sharing.
        
       | cubefox wrote:
       | For trains it is just left/right. "Please exit the train on the
       | left side."
        
       | user070223 wrote:
       | Related https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_motions#Translational
        
       | cromulent wrote:
       | For those who think left/right is enough: When you are racing
       | sailboats, a boat on your "left" (or "right") can have "right" of
       | way because the wind is hitting their main sail from the "right"
       | and yours from the "left".
       | 
       | They will yell "starboard!" at you, rather than "left" or
       | "right". Easier that way.
        
       | iamnotsure wrote:
       | Governments should use outer 3d body scans instead of photos to
       | reduce the mayhem that mirrors, cameras and screens cause in the
       | unconscious of humans. Also ban vehicles with mirrored letters.
        
       | tim_hutton wrote:
       | The only was I can remember which is port and starboard is by
       | thinking about boarding an airplane. The steps/tunnel are always
       | docked on the 'port' side, just as boats always dock on the port
       | side. The cockpit/bow is always on your left when you board.
        
         | bacon_waffle wrote:
         | That'll trip you up if you ever board Tally Ho, her front door
         | is on the starboard[0].
         | 
         | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpulXX1cros
        
         | cyberax wrote:
         | My shortcut: "port" and "left" have the same number of letters.
        
           | Yoofie wrote:
           | This is the same method I use. I always wondered why they
           | didn't use the cardinal directions (north, east, south, west)
           | or why they didn't use the hours of a clock face to indicate
           | direction. With the clock face, you get even more precision
           | where exactly something happened. _Man overboard, 4 o
           | 'clock!_
        
             | aintgonnatakeit wrote:
             | That'd be "3 points abaft the starboard beam"
        
             | j5155 wrote:
             | In my experience with man overboard drills clock faces are
             | used as you describe. Port/starboard is only for low
             | precision things.
        
           | Niksko wrote:
           | And further, "port" wine is red, and the red beacon light is
           | on the port side of an aeroplane (with the starboard side
           | having green, and white on the tail)
        
           | lamontcg wrote:
           | the shorter word:                   port         left
           | red
           | 
           | the longer word;                   starboard         right
           | green
        
             | dmckeon wrote:
             | But if you are working with horses or other draft animals,
             | you work them from the "near" (left) side, and not the
             | "off" (right) side. Next up in directions trivia: shotgun,
             | deasil, and widdershins.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | r and s are next to each other, l is closer to p than to
           | anything else.
        
         | zwily wrote:
         | I've always remembered it by "port and left both have 4
         | letters". It has always worked for me.
        
         | dan-robertson wrote:
         | I always remember the phrase 'there's no port left in the
         | bottle'. Similarly, the port-side navigation lights are red,
         | the same colour as port.
        
         | harry8 wrote:
         | Always? Ferries are boats, demonstrably not true there as they
         | dock both sides.
        
           | DonHopkins wrote:
           | And "fore" and "aft" are useful to disambiguate the ends of
           | boats that flip 90 degrees in pitch, because the front
           | becomes the top and the back becomes the bottom.
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULvLeK9O7fY
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=shPATcV9Dzw
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQxQfQU_hsk
        
             | seabass-labrax wrote:
             | An excellent way to remove unwanted crew members!
        
         | tudjvhh wrote:
         | It's not true in general that boats always dock on the port
         | side.
        
       | Already__Taken wrote:
       | position: absolute Vs position: relative
       | 
       | Interesting though the Americans swapped the colours guiding you
       | in a channel but the names have never been flipped.
        
       | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
       | Maybe connected, that air vessels today are also boarded from the
       | left.
        
       | michalskop wrote:
       | "Left side" and "right side" is unambiguous, because there is one
       | given direction (forward). It is the same as "left bank" and
       | "right bank" of a river (it is always looking downstream). For
       | example, Slavic languages usually just use some sort of "left
       | side" and "right side".
        
         | notatoad wrote:
         | it's unambiguous if you know you're talking about direction
         | relative to the boat, but you don't know that you're talking
         | about direction relative to the boat.
         | 
         | your left hand is still your left hand, even if it's on the
         | starboard side of the boat. you always need some additional
         | disambiguation to specify that you're talking about the boat.
         | i've never sailed a boat with slavic people, but i'm guessing
         | they use a phrase like "boat left" and "boat right", not just
         | "left" or "right".
         | 
         | also, i've never heard anybody describe a riverbank as "left"
         | or "right". riverbanks would be described by their cardinal
         | direction, like the "east bank" or the "south bank"
        
           | mr_toad wrote:
           | The left bank of the Seine is quite iconic!
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rive_Gauche
        
       | ranting-moth wrote:
       | "The ship left the port".
       | 
       | Now you'll always remember that _port_ is the _left_ side.
        
       | geocrasher wrote:
       | Fun and easy mnemonic:                 Port = LEFT (4 letters in
       | each word, same vowel/consonant placement)            Port = Red
       | as in Port Wine             Therefore, navigation lights: Red =
       | Port = Left
       | 
       | If you remember that, then starboard is just "not port"
        
         | the_cramer wrote:
         | Back when i had sailing lessons, the skipper told us this story
         | about the sailors coming home to harbour after weeks of sailing
         | the oceans. They returned to their loved ones who they kept in
         | their HEART which is RED and LEFT and since they were sailing
         | towards the port, the RED lights are to be kept left from the
         | ship.
         | 
         | It stuck.
        
         | jahnu wrote:
         | Worth mentioning that harbour signal lights are not the same
         | the world over
         | 
         | https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/69030/why-does-t...
        
       | xiphias2 wrote:
       | They should get rid of these terms, as they are distracting.
       | 
       | A big part of the training material for boating license is about
       | learning things that people are not using in practice, which
       | makes less time / mental power to learn what is really important
       | to survive and avoid crash (what's really important).
        
         | CardenB wrote:
         | They are not distracting. There are many intense situations on
         | a boat, and a crew is required to cooperate in order to
         | survive. This means you must have extremely precise wording to
         | quickly explain what needs to be done. This vocabulary is
         | important for this reason, and is able to sharpen focus, rather
         | than distract.
         | 
         | It requires a process of learning, and that is intentional.
        
           | xiphias2 wrote:
           | If you look at statistics, most deaths occur in small boats
           | with a crew who have no idea what these words mean, because
           | they don't have a license.
           | 
           | These are the most common reason of fatalities:
           | 
           | - Not wearing a lifejacket or PFD.
           | 
           | - Falling overboard.
           | 
           | - Capsizing, swamping, sinking, or running aground.
           | 
           | - Being involved in a collision.
           | 
           | - Operating a pleasure craft while under the influence of
           | alcohol or drugs.
           | 
           | The goal of the license should be helping these people, not
           | experienced ones, who anyways have more advanced license, not
           | just the basic ones.
        
             | stametseater wrote:
             | Maybe boat lingo improves safety by keeping people in the
             | mind-frame of being on a boat.
        
             | CardenB wrote:
             | I'm not sure you have really thought this through.
             | 
             | You're suggesting that people avoid using port and
             | starboard on a boat because they should be focused on
             | learning how to not fall overboard?
             | 
             | Terms like "port" and "starboard" are particularly
             | important when someone falls overboard. The last thing you
             | want to do is tell someone to grab the man overboard "on
             | the right side" and have them go to the wrong side of the
             | boat in a crucial moment. This is why these things exist.
             | We have been sailing for hundreds of years and are very
             | good at it.
             | 
             | Despite this, your entire argument is a bit ridiculous. It
             | is not zero sum- port and starboard do not take up "brain
             | space" that causes you to forget a life jacket. Boat
             | training will help you ensure the safety of the passengers
             | AND teach you "port" and "starboard".
        
               | xiphias2 wrote:
               | I'm not sure what boat training you're talking about. I
               | just did my sea boating license last year in Croatia, and
               | it was all in a room, just like the exam.
               | 
               | When I was doing my original boating license, again the
               | practical part on water was about 20 minutes (starting /
               | stopping and saving somebody from water)
               | 
               | I had much more road practice in my road driving license
               | included, and there wasn't anything unnecessary taught
               | there, I still use 90% of the things taught then when I
               | am driving.
        
           | lsaferite wrote:
           | In English "right" is one syllable and "starboard" is two.
           | All things considered, using right/left is more concise. If
           | you are aware enough of your orientation on a boat to know
           | where port and starboard are located, you are also aware
           | enough to know where left and right are located.
        
             | wpietri wrote:
             | Concision is way less important than clarity.
        
               | anilakar wrote:
               | Clarity stems from brevity i.e. concise, carefully chosen
               | words that leave no room for ambiguity.
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | Clarity absolutely does not stem from brevity. Brevity is
               | good, but it pushes toward ambiguity, not clarity.
               | 
               | For example, consider spelling a word. The briefest
               | approach is to say the names of letters. But these are
               | similar, often differing only in one phoneme. E.g., P and
               | B differentiating sounds are both bilabial plosives,
               | differing only in whether they are voiced. But people for
               | whom clarity is important will use something like the
               | NATO Phonetic Alphabet. There, you'd say "papa" and
               | "bravo". [1] It is much less brief, but much more clear.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_phonetic_alphabet
        
               | quenched wrote:
               | Eg if you're trying to shout over the wind.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | Although from the same perspective the phonetic
               | similarity "port" and "board" is probably not ideal,
               | either.
        
             | eternityforest wrote:
             | The different number of syllables are like a checksum.
             | 
             | Plus, that's not how brains work. Using a word for
             | different things that change depending on context is like
             | reusing a variable, with a compiler that randomizes global
             | and local scope. In aviation they watch out for "Regression
             | to prior learning", in the kitchen I watch out for putting
             | something in the microwave instead of the fridge because
             | the action is similar.
             | 
             | If you ask me which way is left, I'll have to stop and
             | think not only about what left and right even mean,
             | probably looking at my hand to see what makes the L shape,
             | but I'll have to wonder who's left you're referring to, in
             | addition to performing a mental rotation, an extremely
             | error prone operation that I basically avoid at all costs,
             | if my heading is not the same as the ships.
             | 
             | Any small about of simplification or added reliability
             | there is a good thing.
             | 
             | Especially in historical context. Assuming the port and
             | starboard were not mostly symmetric and had features
             | specific to docking and steering, you're actually referring
             | to something specific, not an abstract direction.
             | 
             | These conventions are designed for the 95%, not the 5% or
             | 75% or whatever who can instantly tell which way is left
             | relative to any given orientation without any effort.
        
               | seabass-labrax wrote:
               | > ...in the kitchen I watch out for putting something in
               | the microwave instead of the fridge because the action is
               | similar
               | 
               | A familiar experience... I have to catch myself when I
               | start to throw the spoon into the bin and the teabag into
               | the dishwasher!
        
             | CardenB wrote:
             | You spend much at least one more syllable to indicate which
             | frame of reference (local or boat). It's easier to map it
             | to a vocab word.
        
             | hooverd wrote:
             | I'd bet port and starboard are easier to communicate
             | unambiguously than left and right. Absolute positioning,
             | one syllable vs two, different ending sounds vs both ending
             | a "tuh" sound.
        
       | molly0 wrote:
       | I'm trying to learn my 2y old kid "left" and "right". It's hard.
        
       | java-man wrote:
       | I wonder why more people are right-handed. What could be a
       | biological basis for that?
        
         | GuB-42 wrote:
         | There is an interesting game theory explanation.
         | 
         | Having the opposite handedness of most other people (i.e. being
         | left-handed) is an advantage in a fight. That's because
         | righties are used to fight against other righties because most
         | people are righties, lefties are also used to fight against
         | other righties. It means that when a lefty fights a righty, the
         | lefty is in a familiar situation while the righty is not,
         | giving the lefty an advantage. And indeed, in many sports where
         | you have an opponent, at high level, there is a higher than
         | normal proportion of lefties.
         | 
         | On the other hand (pun not intended), having the same
         | handedness as most other people (i.e. being right-handed) is an
         | avantage for cooperation. For example, to righties can easily
         | share a tool made for righties, but it will be awkward for a
         | lefty.
         | 
         | So there are two opposing forces here: cooperation tends to
         | make people of all the same handedness, while competition
         | pushes for a 50/50 distribution. We are at about 90/10,
         | suggesting that the cooperation aspect is more important but
         | not absolutely so.
         | 
         | That dominant side is the right side is probably just due to
         | random chance. That it doesn't differ between population groups
         | suggest that it happened before humans spread around the globe,
         | possibly before humans were human.
        
           | sacrosancty wrote:
           | [dead]
        
         | tomohelix wrote:
         | Probably the same reason why most biomolecules are chiral, i.e.
         | having left and right side.
         | 
         | Last time I read about this, I think some physicist said
         | something about the rotation of elementary particles and
         | radiation stuff that are way over my head.
        
           | wpietri wrote:
           | I doubt that, as we left-handers are made up of the same sort
           | of molecule as everybody else.
        
             | tomohelix wrote:
             | Haha no, I think you misunderstood. I meant the underlying
             | reason for human to have a preferred "side" is probably the
             | same reason that life has a preferred "side" for chemicals.
             | Both humans and enzymes can be chiral, i.e. asymmetrical so
             | I think they might be connected.
             | 
             | Don't worry, I am not an atom-ist or a chiral-ist. All
             | sides are equal! (except the ambidextrous master race :D )
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | What is the reason you have in mind?
               | 
               | I suspect it's different, in that I expect the reason for
               | people is something like "handedness makes people better
               | at violence". Whereas I suspect chirality is more like
               | driving on the right/left side of the road. Which one you
               | pick doesn't matter, but picking is less chaotic than not
               | picking.
        
               | tomohelix wrote:
               | I actually don't know. Like I mentioned above, there have
               | been a few theories about how life is so strongly
               | asymmetrical but nothing concrete or proven yet. In fact,
               | it is a bit counterintuitive because all natural chemical
               | reactions produces racemic mixtures and only life
               | produces specific stereoisomers. It also means life has
               | evolved to give up nearly half of the natural resources
               | available, a very strange thing in terms of evolution.
               | 
               | Not all enzymes are stereospecific though. Some of them
               | can take any configuration of a chemical and convert them
               | to other type of isomer. But these are rare and usually
               | an exception, not the norm. Still, it makes it harder to
               | figure out why chirality is so important in life and not
               | so much in some other parts of life.
               | 
               | Maybe your explanation about handedness makes sense. But
               | then it would fail at explaining ambidextrous people
               | since they are definitely better and yet still so rare.
               | Life is really difficult to figure out.
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | Speaking as a nominal leftie who is effectively
               | ambidextrous for everything but writing, I don't think
               | we're better. I'm just not particularly good at sports.
               | Body-things take more time to learn, and I have to
               | practice with both sides if I want to be good at both
               | sides.
               | 
               | Maybe I'm an outlier, but your notion that being
               | ambidextrous is better is a huge assumption. Having a
               | dominant side could have the same sort of benefit that
               | specialization usually does: better for the cases that
               | really matter, worse for the cases that are less
               | important.
        
         | LeoPanthera wrote:
         | "It's complicated."
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handedness#Causes
        
           | orbital-decay wrote:
           | AFAIK the left/right hemisphere division is extremely
           | complicated and cannot be reduced to being responsible for
           | different activities.
        
       | tempodox wrote:
       | I love articles like this. Snappy, to the point, without
       | unnecessary fluff. And I actually learned something. I enjoy
       | understanding the history of language and culture.
        
       | manojlds wrote:
       | Does it really explain why or even give a reason that makes
       | sense. The steering was right so right side was called starboard?
       | How does that make sense? So just call right right and left left.
        
         | cubefox wrote:
         | Yeah, it's not really an explanation.
        
       | rmrk wrote:
       | It's funny to me that some olaf 1000 years ago just called them
       | what they were; the steering side and the docking side, and now
       | we have to use the same words which don't make any sense to us. I
       | vote we just call them the steering-side and the docking-side
       | again.
        
         | lardo wrote:
         | My understanding is that port's usage is somewhat recent. In
         | the English sailing world the opposite of starboard was
         | larboard. The royal navy made the change within the last few
         | hundred years.
        
           | greesil wrote:
           | One of the fun things I learned when reading master and
           | commander was this.
        
         | soneil wrote:
         | The steering side is now the back. And docking .. in the
         | Mediterranean the docking side is commonly the back too. In
         | Scandinavia it's commonly the front.
         | 
         | It's probably for the best that they've been detached from
         | their original meanings.
        
         | wpietri wrote:
         | Unfortunately, we no longer have consistent steering and
         | docking sides. So first you're going to have to rebuild a lot
         | of ships.
        
       | taeric wrote:
       | This explanation feels kind of awkward. My left hand does not
       | depend on my orientation, so I am unclear why the "left side" of
       | a boat would.
       | 
       | I get why there are better terms to use when talking about
       | others. At least, I think I do. But it feels like there is more
       | history to these terms than just "needs to be fixed."
        
         | FoomFries wrote:
         | Because if you face the back of the boat the sides reverse.
         | It's similar to stage left. When you can't afford to be
         | confused, one name is better than a conflicting argument
         | between your left and the boats left.
        
           | taeric wrote:
           | But if I'm looking at you and speak of your left hand, I am
           | not speaking of the hand to my left. Literally nobody does
           | that. At least not on purpose.
        
             | lesuorac wrote:
             | Do you own a car? Commonly when speaking with a mechanic
             | they'll ask questions like Driver's side or Passenger's
             | side to get away from left/right.
             | 
             | People very often describe things with just _left_ or just
             | _right_. They don't say things like when I'm sitting in the
             | car the door to my left is hard to open. They just say the
             | left door is broken even when both them and the mechanic
             | are facing the car head on.
             | 
             | By having people use an unambiguous vocabulary it makes up
             | for people not thinking about how their statements will be
             | interpreted. If the deckhands were genius's they're be
             | charting the course not heaving rope.
        
               | bch wrote:
               | Reminds me of this book[0] about (air-cooled) VW
               | maintenance, which goes right into how to tear down and
               | rebuild the engine. Anyway, it can be disorienting, at
               | the back of the car, looking at the engine and knowing
               | what's front/back, but I recall he wrote something like:
               | Now look at the front of the engine (FRONT IS FRONT) and
               | you'll see...
               | 
               | Also, happens to generally be one of the most beautiful
               | to read and to look-at technical manuals I can think of.
               | Right up there w The C Programming Language.
               | 
               | [0] https://olsensvw.net/shop/engine/idiot-book-how-to-
               | keep-your...
        
               | tomrod wrote:
               | Ambiguity can be cultural. In some dialects in the
               | Philippines, the only required preposition is "sa".
               | Others exist, but aren't required for speaking.
               | 
               | It's intriguing to say the least.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | You aren't wrong. In that mistakes can be made. But if I
               | ask you about your left hand, is that ambiguous? By your
               | definition here, that is an ambiguous question. But, that
               | just feels wrong.
               | 
               | Edit: I'll note that it is amusing to compare to cars. It
               | seems the etymology of the terms is literally "driver
               | side".
        
               | rng_civ wrote:
               | It's not ambiguous because you have a directional
               | reference built into the phrase and speaking directly to
               | a singular person: "ask _you_ about _your_ left hand ".
               | 
               | It is certainly clear if one would say "left facing
               | stern" or "left facing aft", but that's a mouthful when
               | you can just shorten it (and the reference facing
               | direction is not relevant). Bonus points if the shortened
               | version can't be mistaken for another direction...
               | 
               | BTW, I'm 100% down for introducing dedicated words for
               | "my left", "your left" etc vs just "on the left". It
               | would certainly save me a bit of time when my family asks
               | me to look for something and they flip between the two
               | meanings in the same sentence.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | This still falls due to you having to have a point of
               | reference for front of boat. See other threads where
               | double ended ones do not have fixed starboard and port.
               | 
               | I am still on board with dedicated terms.
        
             | DonHopkins wrote:
             | What if you're addressing someone on a boat who's facing
             | sideways? Or a group of people facing different directions?
             | Or you can't see them and don't know which direction
             | they're facing, and they don't know which direction you're
             | facing?
        
             | Uehreka wrote:
             | The problem is that people (especially in stressful
             | situations when they're not thinking carefully) will say
             | things like "that one on the left!" and the person they're
             | talking to (who is often facing them and thus reversed)
             | won't think to ask "my left or yours?"
             | 
             | But if you train people to use specifically-invented
             | unambiguous terms that can't be screwed up, their brains
             | will reach for those words when they're in trouble.
        
         | uoaei wrote:
         | There is no "left", there is only "your left" or "my left".
        
         | binarymax wrote:
         | Because left and right are ambiguous - are you talking about MY
         | left or the boat's left? Having unambiguous names let's us
         | differentiate and avoid confusion.
         | 
         | It might be hard to grok the need for this if you've never been
         | in a tight spot while sailing or operating a watercraft with a
         | crew - but having this distinction has probably saved thousands
         | of bad incidents from happening.
        
           | Clamchop wrote:
           | Yes but why would you ever be talking about your left? Use
           | the definite article, THE left, and it should be clear by
           | convention for the sailors.
           | 
           | I think it's just historical.
        
             | judge2020 wrote:
             | Any room for error is a guarantee that a human will mess it
             | up. Left already has a definition, so there's room for
             | confusion; a word specifically talking about the ship is
             | more concise.
        
             | binarymax wrote:
             | Imagine you are crew, standing on a ship. You are facing
             | east, and the bow of the ship is facing north. It's night
             | and there is a thick fog.
             | 
             | You hear a cry "man overboard on the left!"
             | 
             | Where is the overboard person? Are they to your left, the
             | ships left, or the left of the person shouting?
             | 
             | If the cry is instead "man overboard on the port side!"
             | there is no question.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | This feels contrived, to be honest. Late at night on a
               | vehicle that isn't moving with no other discerning
               | factors to distinguish things, and you are basically
               | screwed. Though, realistically, you are just going to
               | wherever the shouting is coming from, you are not going
               | to go slow to orient yourself to the vehicle. Even
               | better, someone would yell something even more defining
               | for where to catch someone that is going to be specific
               | to the boat you are on. (Well, more realistically, you
               | have hopefully practiced emergency drills such that the
               | term is almost irrelevant, you have practiced so much.)
               | 
               | This is about as worrisome as "you are the fire
               | department, and you are told you need to rescue some
               | people on the 14th floor. Quick, does that mean you go up
               | 13 flights of stairs, or 11?" Realistically, you aren't
               | getting it right on spur of the moment decision making.
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | Great points. And I'd add that thanks to wind and water,
               | ships can also move in directions besides the obvious
               | one. So it's possible in this case the boat could be
               | moving west, giving another direction that left could be
               | relative to.
        
             | xg15 wrote:
             | Whether "the left" means your left, the ship's left or yet
             | another left (the harbour's?) is highly ambiguous. You
             | can't assume that everyone will instantly understand this
             | correctly.
             | 
             | I think starboard and port make more sense here because
             | they _only_ describe parts of the ship, so the meaning of
             | the terms is completely unambiguous.
        
             | happytoexplain wrote:
             | "Left" vs "the left" is not good enough. That could still
             | mean either concept semantically, and you can't be sure the
             | person speaking to you didn't mess up the convention when
             | the two are that close.
             | 
             | A crew (any kind of crew) requires _exceedingly clear_
             | communication.  "Ship left" and "ship right" could work,
             | but what if the environment is noisy and you're not sure if
             | the first word was "ship" or something else? Domain-
             | specific, unique terms are fantastic tools for crews.
        
             | dan-robertson wrote:
             | Pass that to the left
        
             | DonHopkins wrote:
             | As opposed to "the other left".
        
             | wpietri wrote:
             | There are other uses for the definite article. E.g., "Down
             | the hall and on the left." It's also used in relation to
             | motion. "Go to the left of that ship." Even if you went
             | with it, though, it still has the potential to be
             | confusing.
             | 
             | Speaking as somebody who sails occasionally, to me "left"
             | and "port" are just very different concepts. It's sort of
             | like driver's side and passenger's side of the car, but
             | more intense. So I think the desire to use "left" mainly
             | comes from people who don't spend much time on ships, an
             | audience, not particularly important to sailors. Sort of
             | like how non-programmers might struggle with some of our
             | technical terms, but we'd never change.
        
           | quenched wrote:
           | There's a similar issue in medical imaging, when oriented
           | with the patient "facing you". Then my left is patient right
           | and vice versa.
           | 
           | This is why in the days of processed x-ray films, TV shows
           | would more commonly hang a chest x-ray incorrectly[1], with
           | the (patient's) "left" label on the left instead of the
           | right. It's less common now that the example imaging is
           | digital.
           | 
           | [1] https://screenrant.com/scrubs-xray-gag-joke-deeper-
           | meaning/
        
           | taeric wrote:
           | I can see it as advantageous. With the major caveat that it
           | is only advantageous to folks that have been taught it. Not
           | shockingly, a large portion of the passengers on a boat are
           | going to be confused if told to go to the starboard windows
           | to see the whales that are beside the boat. How will you
           | explain it? I'm going to guess that you will probably say
           | "right." :D. (Note that this isn't hypothetical. I take a
           | ferry fairly often, and surprisingly few of us know starboard
           | from port.)
        
             | xg15 wrote:
             | Yes, in _that_ situation, you can confidently tell them to
             | look to their right, because you can assume that most of
             | them will sit in direction of travel and face forward.
             | However, the same is not true for a sailor who might be
             | running around on deck.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | This isn't accurate, either. Most of us are decidedly not
               | facing the direction of travel. Specifically, we are
               | evenly split in large parts of the boat, as they have
               | bench chairs that face each other. Or you are on the side
               | of the boat facing out.
               | 
               | The ferry is actually a very odd boat in this, btw. As I
               | am not clear that starboard/port are fixed. The boat
               | literally goes in both directions, such that I'm assuming
               | I don't have to know which is the "front" of it
               | irrespective of the direction it is currently traveling.
               | 
               | I get your point, that things can be difficult. And I
               | appreciate having jargon that is specific for an attempt
               | to make things clearer. I just find this as the sole
               | explanation kind of unsatisfactory. Seeing the history of
               | the terms makes a lot more sense.
        
               | dceddia wrote:
               | Port and starboard are indeed fixed (same with bow and
               | stern), so that no matter which way the boat is moving or
               | the passengers are facing, those words always refer to
               | the same physical sides of the boat :)
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | Per another thread, this may not be the case for ferries?
               | At least not for ones that don't turn around. (Note that
               | many "people ferry" boats are able to turn around. Larger
               | car ferries are fully symmetric and have no fixed
               | bow/stern.
               | 
               | Edit: I found more discussion on this by searching for
               | "double ended" boats. Port/starboard do indeed change
               | depending on the direction of travel from all results
               | I've found.
        
               | dceddia wrote:
               | Hmm interesting. Wonder if they have some non-symmetrical
               | parts, like the location of the engine maybe?
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | Not the ones I ride. They have engines on each end.
               | 
               | To be fair, they may not be 100% symmetrical. I am not
               | measuring. They are close enough that I can't imagine it
               | would be a good use of the terms. (That is, when the VAST
               | majority of the time the bow is the front of the boat,
               | having a few bigger boats where I have to inspect it to
               | know which is bow and stern would be a bad idea.)
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Sure. If nothing else, they've got labels on 'end 1' and
               | 'end 2', and the rest of the boat is labeled into
               | quadrants that don't change (A-D). If there's a galley,
               | that's on one end or the other; the passenger deck is
               | assymmetric.
               | 
               | The car decks and the sundeck appear to be mostly
               | symmetric other than labelling, and maybe elevator
               | placement? The machinery under the car decks is likely
               | somewhat assymetric too, but I've never gotten to go down
               | below.
        
               | dvt wrote:
               | > The ferry is actually a very odd boat in this, btw. As
               | I am not clear that starboard/port are fixed. The boat
               | literally goes in both directions, such that I'm assuming
               | I don't have to know which is the "front" of it
               | irrespective of the direction it is currently traveling.
               | 
               | From what I understand, on ferries (and similar "two-
               | sided" working boats), port and starboard get switched
               | around when the boat changes direction of travel, usually
               | when docked (and its navigation lights also turn from
               | green to red and vice-versa).
        
         | bloppe wrote:
         | Because "boat left" and "boat right" just didn't catch on.
        
         | gerdesj wrote:
         | True but you are not wandering around yourself! I agree though
         | that the first para looks like just so nonsense. I know plenty
         | of matelots (UK Navy) that use left and right, sharp end and
         | blunt end for the cardinal points of a vessel. I do as well and
         | use port, starb'd, bow and stern as they do too.
         | 
         | Ironically enough, port and starboard markers which are the red
         | and green buoys you see near to ports (yes!) need to be
         | considered in reverse when going out. The green ones are called
         | starboard markers and if you are in a big enough vessel, you
         | should keep them off your starboard (right) side when
         | approaching a port from the open seas. On the way out from port
         | to the open seas you should keep the red ones on your right
         | instead. If you don't you will hit the seabed and sink.
         | 
         | Once you have got the hang of p/s buoys, you just need to get
         | to grips with cardinal markers and a few other things and the
         | way you drive on the sea will start to make sense. Even Brits
         | drive on the right on the seas!
         | 
         | There is a general rule that "power gives way to sail". That's
         | fine for vessels of similar size. However I have seen 30'
         | yachts on the Baltic try to persuade 100,000+ tonne tankers of
         | this and not really getting the fact that inertia means that
         | the big lump can't really turn in any meaningful way - they
         | sort of orbit!
         | 
         | Overtaking vessel keeps clear. On odd numbered years when Mars
         | is in Saturn on a Friday you should dance with a Nun for three
         | minutes at midnight every 70 days, unless it's Lent or you are
         | a Nun in which case you should dance with an otter. There are a
         | few more rules but that is largely it. Maritime isn't too
         | complicated but do remember that the road has a habit of
         | jumping 30' or more upwards or down simply for a laugh.
        
           | soneil wrote:
           | > Ironically enough, port and starboard markers which are the
           | red and green buoys you see near to ports (yes!) need to be
           | considered in reverse when going out. The green ones are
           | called starboard markers and if you are in a big enough
           | vessel, you should keep them off your starboard (right) side
           | when approaching a port from the open seas. On the way out
           | from port to the open seas you should keep the red ones on
           | your right instead. If you don't you will hit the seabed and
           | sink.
           | 
           | Just to keep things fun, that's the european convention. In
           | the US it's "red right returning", the exact opposite.
        
       | berniedurfee wrote:
       | Same issue in auto repair. It'd be nice to use port/starboard
       | when referring to stuff in an engine compartment or on a car in
       | general.
       | 
       | Is it left as in I'm looking at the engine or left as if I was
       | sitting in the car? I think it's the latter, but I always forget.
       | 
       | Can't use driver's/passenger's side for orientation either.
        
       | daneel_w wrote:
       | The etymology hails from old Norse and the Viking age, before
       | making it into English. Styrbord, the side you steer (styr) on,
       | and Babord/bakbord, the side your back (bak/bakat) faces.
        
       | TheSoftwareGuy wrote:
       | Same reason we have North/South/East/West, basically
        
       | drewrv wrote:
       | I understand that the terms are mostly unambiguous, but I always
       | wonder how these get defined in edge cases. For example ferries,
       | at least where I live, alternate the direction of travel as they
       | go back and forth. There isn't a fixed "bow" or "stern" from
       | which to define port and starboard.
        
         | gerdesj wrote:
         | P and S are really defined by the direction of travel or what
         | you decide they are. They are just conventions.
         | 
         | The Torpoint ferry in Plymouth (Devon, UK) is on chains, so
         | front and back, bow and stern etc is moot. I think we can
         | simply redefine that sort of ferry as a fish and avoid any
         | snags. That strategy seems to work for astronomy when trying to
         | wrangle planet/dwarf planet/lump of stuff n that.
         | 
         | (EDIT: speling)
        
           | themaninthedark wrote:
           | Oh great, now we will have flying ferrys.... or perhaps
           | swimming planes!
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DgweA8tlh8Q
        
             | gerdesj wrote:
             | Bee fish! What a delightful idea. We do seem to insist on
             | the weird when we elect officials in democracy lands. On
             | the bright side we do actually get to elect these odd balls
             | rather than have them dropped into place from above.
             | 
             | Back in the day, in England at least, otters were
             | classified as fish too for the purpose of allowable nosh on
             | a Friday for your discerning Catholic. Nowadays we munch on
             | depleted cod stocks and chips. Yum!
             | 
             | How on earth that became a thing in a country where it is
             | impossible to get around 70 miles away from the sea beggars
             | belief. There are also rather a lot of rivers hereabouts
             | but we don't generally munch on freshwater fish here either
             | - WTF?
        
         | dan-robertson wrote:
         | This is a great question imo but I struggled to find anything
         | very good. I found a forum post,
         | https://www.sailnet.com/threads/double-ended-ferries-which-e...
         | and between the trolling it seems that fore/aft and
         | port/starboard switch when the direction reverses, including eg
         | navigation lights (red for port, green for starboard). And they
         | tend to also have a one end and a two end or an A/B end, and
         | those labels don't change.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | Does that mean when you file a maintenance request they have
           | to number everything on the ship since "aft 2nd floor"
           | doesn't narrow things down much?
        
             | Etrnl_President wrote:
             | Spars and ribs (frame) are usually numbered, often based on
             | distance, like interstate exits.
             | 
             | "Ten sequential rivets debonded on aft starboard #273 spar"
             | would then be a writeup.
        
           | nitwit005 wrote:
           | I've seen the 1 and 2 labels on barges near me.
           | 
           | I suspect they just don't use this terminology, unless it's
           | to communicate with other vessels, and then it's presumably
           | based on movement direction like you say.
        
         | twawaaay wrote:
         | The thing to remember is that those directions are used for an
         | awful number of things that have nothing to do with the ship
         | moving. Like when you name places for storing things or various
         | pieces of equipment. Changing those names would create a lot of
         | mayhem.
         | 
         | When I captain a boat it is more important for me to
         | communicate things unequivocally. I need to be able to specify
         | what I want to happen, precisely. The crew does not really need
         | to concern themselves with the direction the boat is moving or
         | what is the bigger plan. They just get orders to do specific
         | tasks. Only I (or whoever is responsible for the boat at the
         | moment) really need to understand the context of those tasks
         | although ideally the crew would also understand why they are
         | doing things so that they can anticipate further orders or
         | signal when I make a mistake.
         | 
         | Why this is important is because the plan may sometimes change
         | and then my job is to put a new set of orders and I can't
         | really start by explaining what the new changed plan is or
         | getting any consent.
         | 
         | I was never in a situation like that, but if I was captaining a
         | boat that can change directions, I would still keep stable
         | naming that does not change when the boat stops or changes
         | directions.
        
           | taeric wrote:
           | Though, as it turns out, double-ended craft are defined by
           | the direction they are operating.
           | 
           | I'm curious on other items that are defined in this way. Is
           | does make sense that broad rules are lifted for obvious
           | reasons. Is why I can name a few things where screw threading
           | is reversed from what we typically use.
        
         | pbj1968 wrote:
         | But they are on a fixed route...
        
         | taeric wrote:
         | Ha! I thought of this in one of the down thread discussions.
         | Very curious on any official answer here, and I'll have to pay
         | attention to the lights on the ferry, next time I'm on it.
        
         | 1123581321 wrote:
         | Those ferries should be switching the direction the crew faces
         | (perhaps in a different structure on the other end of the boat)
         | and turning on the appropriate lights so port and starboard are
         | lit correctly. They should have two sets of colored lights to
         | handle travel in both directions.
        
           | xg15 wrote:
           | Don't they have to swap the lights anyway if the ferry
           | reverses direction? After all, the red/green indicators are
           | primarily for showing which direction the ship is moving in.
        
             | 1123581321 wrote:
             | If I understand you correctly, yes, exactly.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | With double ended ferries you're going to dock bow first
             | because that's the direction all the cars pointed.
             | 
             | If you got halfway through a crossing and they announced
             | there's a problem at the destination (broken thruster,
             | docks on fire, dragons, docks on fire because of dragons),
             | you would have to turn the ship around 180o and go back to
             | your origin with the same bow that you started the trip
             | with so everyone could disembark. The only time you'd
             | switch ship orientation mid-trip is if something broke such
             | that one end of the ship was navigable and the other was
             | not. At which point you'd either have to dock backward
             | (maybe with a tug) or everyone would have to back off the
             | ship.
        
               | cromulent wrote:
               | Cable/chain ferries would not be able to turn around of
               | course, the drivers would have to deal with it.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | Are there any cabled ferries that go beyond line of
               | sight?
        
               | dmurray wrote:
               | Depends on the time of day and the weather.
        
         | phire wrote:
         | For bidirectional ferries, I assume they just pick a direction
         | all the way back at design time and stick to it.
         | 
         | The direction might not matter, but consistency does.
        
           | Xylakant wrote:
           | I'm fairly confident that the "bow" in that case is always
           | the direction of travel in this case and that starboard/port
           | side change.
           | 
           | The lighting scheme on ships indicates the starboard side
           | with a green light and the port side with a red light. This
           | allows ships to figure out which way another ship is heading
           | - especially at night. If you can see the red light on the
           | left and green on the right while facing the other ship it's
           | going away from you, if it's reversed then it's coming
           | towards you. If you can only see green it's going to your
           | right, to your left if you can see red.
           | 
           | Retaining that property is important for navigation, so
           | starboard and port have to swap sides.
        
             | stonemetal12 wrote:
             | Pretty much every boat with onboard motors are capable of
             | reversing thrust. Do they all switch like that when
             | traveling in reverse? (Serious question, not a boat person,
             | never been on a boat that wasn't a ferry )
        
               | KineticLensman wrote:
               | Steering can be much harder in reverse because the rudder
               | is now at the wrong end.
        
               | uoaei wrote:
               | No, but you've already decided a direction that the bow
               | points when using the word "reverse".
        
               | Xylakant wrote:
               | "Normal" boats only go in reverse when they are
               | maneuvering, never for extended distances and at travel
               | speeds. Unless they're purpose built they never travel in
               | reverse - rudders are less efficient if going reverse,
               | propellers are as well, and hulls are shaped to reduce
               | drag when going forward.
               | 
               | You'll basically only see boats going in reverse in
               | harbors or exceptional circumstances. In harbors, speeds
               | are generally low and extra caution is required of all
               | ships. For exceptional circumstances, you'll have special
               | ways of communicating this - specific lighting patterns,
               | flags, horns to warn others.
        
               | jprete wrote:
               | I don't think boats travel in reverse very often because
               | it's inefficient to do so. If the boat is going in
               | reverse, it's probably docking, maneuvering, or having
               | problems. In any of those cases, the crew should be
               | situationally aware enough, and the boat slow enough,
               | that they don't need color-coded lights to keep
               | themselves from causing a collision.
        
           | jprete wrote:
           | They can't do it that way because the question of right of
           | way only matters when two boats are going towards each other.
           | The coloration is an easy visual indicator of where a boat is
           | generally going that doesn't require seeing any other part of
           | the boat to work, and will even work in fog. You cannot
           | safely flip the directions for any fraction of the boat's
           | travel.
        
         | geephroh wrote:
         | The Washington State ferry system uses double-ended vessels
         | with a pilot house on each end with the crew swapping between
         | them at each crossing. Whichever end the crew are at becomes
         | the bow.[1]
         | 
         | Funny -- I've ridden the ferries a lot and never really thought
         | about it.
         | 
         | 1. https://www.sailnet.com/threads/double-ended-ferries-
         | which-e...
        
           | jes wrote:
           | Kirkland, WA resident here. There is signage on the boat that
           | uniquely identifies the #1 end and the #2 end of the boat.
           | Can be helpful in finding your way back to your vehicle if
           | you drove onto the ferry instead of being a walk-on
           | passenger.
        
       | somenameforme wrote:
       | There's kind of a fun brain teaser related to this. Imagine
       | you're speaking to an entirely alien species in another
       | dimension. And you're trying to describe "left" to them. It's
       | impossible.
       | 
       | I say it's a brain teaser only because this sounds highly
       | improbable at first. Forwards and backwards can be described, and
       | even up/down if we assume basic fundamental rules remain the
       | same. Yet left and right? It seems impossible for it to be
       | impossible.
        
         | dguest wrote:
         | It turns out you can define it from looking at radioactive
         | decay (or any other interaction governed by the weak force).
         | Feynman famously had a short description that ended with the
         | punch line
         | 
         | > Suppose, after lots of communication you finally can go into
         | space and meet your alien counterpart. If, as you approach one
         | another, the alien extends its left hand to shake, watch out!
         | He's made of antimatter!
         | 
         | because even the physics of weak decays of will invert in an
         | antimatter universe.
        
           | cubefox wrote:
           | That claim needs to be substantiated.
        
             | qubidt wrote:
             | The assertion that it is possible or the attribution to
             | Feynman? Scientific American [1] references Feynman's 4th
             | Messenger lecture at Cornell: "Symmetry in Physical Law"
             | (1964) [2] [3]
             | 
             | [1] https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/degrees-of-
             | freedom/gala...
             | 
             | [2] https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/messenger.html
             | 
             | [3] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W7K1kXeK-tY
        
             | dguest wrote:
             | Which claim? The full transcript of the Feynman story is
             | available online [1], you can search for "martian" to get
             | right to the story. It's presented in the context of
             | explaining CP symmetry, which says that physics is
             | conserved under a parity (mirror reflection) plus charge
             | inversion (matter -> antimatter) transformation. Of course
             | it's only approximate [2].
             | 
             | I got the quote slightly differently from what is recorded
             | on the caltech sight, the one they have is
             | 
             | > So if our Martian is made of antimatter and we give him
             | instructions to make this "right" handed model like us, it
             | will, of course, come out the other way around. What would
             | happen when, after much conversation back and forth, we
             | each have taught the other to make space ships and we meet
             | halfway in empty space? We have instructed each other on
             | our traditions, and so forth, and the two of us come
             | rushing out to shake hands. Well, if he puts out his left
             | hand, watch out!
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/I_52.html
             | 
             | [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP_violation
        
           | _fizz_buzz_ wrote:
           | I think it should also be possible with electro magnetism. By
           | first defining the sign convention for electron flow and then
           | deriving left hand and right hand rules of magnetism or
           | something like that. It's a bit tricky to explain the sign
           | convention, but I think if one sticks with the movement of
           | elementary particles, it should work.
        
         | pgorczak wrote:
         | Yeah the handedness of a 3D coordinate system is a pretty
         | arbitrary low level choice. You don't even need to talk to
         | aliens, just try implementing some geometric algorithm in Unity
         | which uses a left-handed system.
        
         | junon wrote:
         | Not sure I understand. Directions are relative. I'd describe
         | "left" how I describe every other direction.
        
           | smusamashah wrote:
           | Imagine they use word 'right' for 'left' but you don't know
           | about it. How will you describe true left/right to them?
        
           | perlgeek wrote:
           | How would you describe it?
           | 
           | One approach would be: you're moving along a straight line,
           | perpendicular to a large body that attracts you through
           | gravity.
           | 
           | Now "down" is towards the gravity, "up" is the opposite
           | direction, and "left" and "right" are perpendicular, but
           | which one is left and right, if you cannot rely on
           | handedness?
        
             | cypress66 wrote:
             | Just draw a view frustum and mark up, down, left, right,
             | near, far.
        
               | perlgeek wrote:
               | That helps if you meet them in person, but if you
               | communicate through radio waves, they'll have no way to
               | know how to decode signal into an image with the intended
               | left/right and up/down orientation
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | meschi wrote:
         | I think this is due to the bilateral symmetry of most animals.
         | But imagine being non-symmetric yourself (or the alien race
         | being non-symmetric). The concepts of left and right seem to
         | become much more communicable now.
        
         | codingdave wrote:
         | It isn't impossible, it is just arbitrary. The whole reason we
         | can have this huge thread about different names for directions
         | is that they is just arbitrary labels, with groups of people
         | having a consensus on what word to use.
         | 
         | BTW, If you really must explain it without just saying it is
         | arbitrary, you can talk about clockwise vs. counterclockwise...
         | which came from sundials, which came from the direction our
         | shadows move as the sun moves. In a similar vein, Left goes
         | against the shadows, Right follows the shadows.
        
           | somenameforme wrote:
           | That's entirely relative to the direction that a body is
           | orbiting about another.
        
             | codingdave wrote:
             | Shadows come from the rotation of the earth, not its orbit.
             | But you are still correct - if the earth suddenly started
             | having inconsistency in the direction it spins, that
             | explanation would fall apart.
        
       | serial_dev wrote:
       | I wish they gave or examples as to why simple left and right
       | would be confusing, and how port and starboard are different and
       | better.
       | 
       | Maybe because I'm from a landlocked country, but this article
       | didn't help me understand the _why_.
        
         | 4gotunameagain wrote:
         | A sailor, looking towards the back of the boat:
         | 
         | - There's an incoming boat !
         | 
         | - From where ?
         | 
         | - From the left !
         | 
         | Is it the left of the sailor, or is it the left of the vessel ?
        
           | MagicMoonlight wrote:
           | You only know which side is port or starboard by figuring out
           | your orientation compared to the ship and picking the left
           | side of the ship.
           | 
           | So it's not actually achieving anything. You could just say
           | left always refers to the ship's left.
        
             | otherme123 wrote:
             | You still use left and right on board, but referring to
             | other things. E.g. you sit on the left side of the table,
             | and by using "left" it's clear that your reference is the
             | table itself and not the ship.
             | 
             | What you achieve is a new set of coordinates relative to
             | the vessel. You are going _north_ , sitting on the _port_ ,
             | with a glass of wine in your _right_ hand, instead of going
             | _up_ and sitting on the _left_.
        
             | 4gotunameagain wrote:
             | Port and starboard become instinctive very quickly, with no
             | mental gymnastics needed. Left and right are confusing,
             | there must be a reason all sailors are using those terms..
        
               | eviks wrote:
               | That reason is called tradition
        
             | vraid wrote:
             | This all feels a bit like arguing against the use of
             | cardinal directions because they don't make sense unless
             | you learn them first.
             | 
             | If you use left and right for the ship, you wouldn't be
             | able to use personal left and right without risking
             | ambiguity. You'd just be trading one convenience for the
             | other.
        
         | jgilias wrote:
         | Imagine ten sailors on a ship, each facing a different
         | direction and trying to coordinate their actions by shouting
         | 'left' and 'right' to each other.
         | 
         | - Turn it left, no, I mean the ship's left, not my left!
        
           | eviks wrote:
           | You could just shout ship's left or boat's left or shorten
           | those to shleft or something, more intuitive than all those
           | old terms
        
         | defen wrote:
         | They say that it's because "left" and "right" depend on your
         | orientation (it would perhaps be confusing to talk about "the
         | left side of the boat" if you're facing the stern (rear) and
         | the side in question is on your right).
         | 
         | It's probably a similar reason people talk about the "driver's
         | side" and "passenger's side" of a car instead of the left and
         | right sides.
        
           | easeout wrote:
           | OK but what if you don't know their car is starboard-side
           | drive?
        
             | 369548684892826 wrote:
             | Nearside (near the kerb) and offside (the other side).
        
         | stephen_g wrote:
         | It's a bit like theater - left and right are different
         | depending on whether you're looking at the stage (such as from
         | the audience) or looking out from the stage. So you have to
         | have "stage left" and "house left" (and the same for right) to
         | distinguish them. But it's still confusing if somebody just
         | says left. Which left?
         | 
         | So they could just say something like "ship left" and "ship
         | right" that are always referenced to the bow of the ship, and
         | that would work almost as well, but having special terms just
         | removes any possibility for confusion.
        
         | AlexMuir wrote:
         | No different than a house - you don't refer to the Left Wing,
         | but the West Wing.
        
           | eviks wrote:
           | Where is West?
        
         | simonh wrote:
         | Left and Right didn't have their modern meaning back then. In
         | Old English riht meant straight, as in direct or not bent. It
         | later assumed the meaning of correct as in right and wrong.
         | Lyft meant weak. Their reference to handedness seems to have
         | been incidental. It seems odd to us to talk about the
         | 'straight' and 'weak' hand, but to them it made sense, but
         | maybe not to talk about the 'straight' or 'weak' sides of a
         | boat.
         | 
         | The concept of left and right hands was not commonly used
         | historically. During the English Civil War many recruits didn't
         | know which hand or foot was left or right. During marching
         | training instructors used to stick some hay in one boot and
         | straw in the other for each recruit and call out "Hay, Straw,
         | Hay, Straw".
        
       | zwieback wrote:
       | "Driver" and "passenger" side for cars. Oh wait, doesn't work in
       | England etc.
       | 
       | I guess for ships there is no variation between countries?
       | Starboard is presumably where the wheel was so everyone must have
       | left it on the right side?
        
         | Broken_Hippo wrote:
         | I've always assumed that "driver" and "passenger" were simply
         | reversed for England, etc.
         | 
         | I'd reverse it for postal trucks, after all, or cars imported
         | from England and such.
        
           | chimprich wrote:
           | In the UK the (possibly?) more common terms are nearside
           | (kerb side) and offside (road side).
           | 
           | It's maybe better than "driver" and "passenger side" because
           | it still makes sense when you're driving a car with different
           | "handedness" to your current road network.
        
           | zwieback wrote:
           | Right, that was my point. The article says that
           | port/starboard is used because left/right is confusing
           | depending on the direction. But unlike ships cars have the
           | driver side right or left so it's not that useful.
        
         | Someone wrote:
         | > Starboard is presumably where the wheel was
         | 
         | Not the wheel, but (as this article also says) the steering
         | oar. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steering_oar:
         | 
         |  _"The steering oar or steering board is an over-sized oar or
         | board, to control the direction of a ship or other watercraft
         | prior to the invention of the rudder."_
        
         | gamblor956 wrote:
         | It still works just as well in England...
         | 
         | Things that are driver-side in the U.S. are also driver-side in
         | England, because the layout is designed around the position of
         | the driver.
         | 
         | "Starboard" comes from Old English "steor bord", which meant
         | "steering side of the boat" back in the days when a steering
         | oar was used to steer the boat. Most sailors were right-handed
         | so this was almost always the right side. It was easier to dock
         | with the other side of the boat facing the port, so the left
         | side became "larboard" and then simply "port." English is the
         | international nautical language owing to its centuries of
         | dominance of the oceans, followed by the U.S. dominance of
         | global politics, so the English terms became the standard
         | nautical terms. (Note: technically the international nautical
         | language is "Seaspeak," which is a special dialect of English
         | created specifically for nautical use.)
        
         | jiayo wrote:
         | Having grown up in a large transit-oriented city, I learned to
         | drive as a grownup. I really struggled with the concept of
         | reversing. "Turn the wheel left!" "You just turn the wheel the
         | way you want the _back_ of the car to go." "No, the other
         | left!"
         | 
         | At this point I was still limited to driving in empty 1000
         | space parking lots and was getting frustrated. One day I
         | realized, I could ask my driving companion-turned-instructor
         | "hey when you say left and right, can you just say passenger-
         | side or driver-side?" After a few iterations at this, it all
         | clicked. My new-driver brain could do absolute positioning
         | consistently with minimal effort, instead of having to
         | calculate relative positioning each time and getting frazzled.
        
       | vivegi wrote:
       | This question is the cousin of _In the North-pole, which
       | direction is South?_
        
       | emrah wrote:
       | These seem no less confusing honestly (do they still load from
       | the "port" side? What about yachts?). They reference a particular
       | side of the boat but as referenced to a specific spot on the boat
       | (where the steering is or was in the past). If you are not
       | standing there, you still need to do some mapping in your head.
        
       | dmichulke wrote:
       | In German: starboard = Steuerbord
       | 
       | From steuern, much closer phonetically to steor, with the meaning
       | of to steer, to direct, to control
        
       | benatkin wrote:
       | > English words: steor (meaning "steer") and bord (meaning "the
       | side of a boat")
       | 
       | "steer" as in _steer manure_?
        
       | callamdelaney wrote:
       | It's fairly natural to me that port is left but that is only
       | because I've spent quite a bit of time on boats + attaining
       | relevant certificates.
        
       | milemi wrote:
       | I read that the British word posh comes from Port Out - Starboard
       | Home, which is the type of UK to US return ticket you'd get, if
       | you could afford it, to have a cabin facing the sun both ways.
        
       | francisofascii wrote:
       | It gets even more confusing when the commanding officer orders
       | hard a starboard. Does that mean turn the wheel left or right?
       | Apparently it depends on the ship. There is the unsubstantiated
       | story the Titanic crew bungled this.
       | https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-51664720100922
        
       | Lio wrote:
       | Here's a related story I was told[0]:
       | 
       | Ships began using _centre-mounted_ , bladed rudders so that they
       | could be more easily docked at the Hanseatic League port of
       | Ipswich in England.
       | 
       | It seems obvious to put a rudder at the centre of a boat now but
       | prior to this development rudders were mounted on the starboard
       | (steering) side. That's where a steering oar would naturally
       | enter the water when the man holding is standing on the centre
       | line of the boat. They just copied that position when they first
       | added bladed rudders.
       | 
       | Specifically they moved the rudder to the centre so that they
       | could more easily turn around in the Orwell[1] estuary. Something
       | to do with Ipswich's port being on the opposite side of the river
       | to most other ports in the region.
       | 
       | The earliest known depiction of a _centre-mounted_ , bladed
       | rudder is on an 11th century seal of the town now in the Royal
       | Greenwich Museum[2].
       | 
       | To this day the town's crest features three centre mounted
       | rudders and a lion[3].
       | 
       | It's a fun story but do take it with pinch of salt as I can't
       | verify it. :)
       | 
       | -
       | 
       | 0. On a history tour by an old chap with an impenetrable Suffolk
       | accent. Not sure if that counts as a good source of truth but it
       | was certainly entertaining.
       | 
       | 1. Another fun bit of trivia, that's the river that George Orwell
       | named himself after.
       | 
       | 2. https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/rmgc-object-64185
       | 
       | 3.
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipswich#/media/File:Coat_of_Ar...
        
       | smitty1e wrote:
       | Retired USN Surface Warfare Officer here.
       | 
       | The differentiation between rudder and engine is crucial. The
       | Conning Officer, who gives orders to the helm at the direction of
       | the Officer of the Deck, will call rudder orders as "left
       | standard rudder" or "right full rudder".
       | 
       | Engine orders will be given in terms of "all engines ahead 1/3",
       | "back 1/3" or "port engine ahead 1/3, starboard engine back 1/3"
       | (to put a clockwise twist on when maneuvering). Frequently when
       | on a great circle voyage, one may have the port shaft making
       | turns for, e.g. 13kts, and the starboard shaft just trailing in
       | the water, for fuel efficiency.
       | 
       | The crucial point here is that these order terms are like strong
       | data types in code. We do not mix them. In a stressful situation,
       | e.g. the Straits of Malacca, the last thing anyone needs is
       | entropy from a terminology mix-up. Lives are literally at stake.
       | 
       | Bonus point: the port/starboard nomenclature is also applies to
       | spatial locations off of the centerline. Compartments go, level,
       | frame (bow to stern numbering), centerline position. e.g.
       | 
       | 6 4 2 0 1 3 5
       | 
       | Thus, as a young lad at the end of the Cold War, working on Aegis
       | in CG-57, my computer room was O1-138-0-C.
       | 
       | The centerline numbering is in accordance with PESO: Port: Even,
       | Starboard: Odd.
       | 
       | To this day, I set up my cel phone headset IAW PESO, based upon
       | the day of the month. Go, Navy.
        
         | bartlettD wrote:
         | Best comment in this thread, a lot of folks seem to be stuck on
         | the etymology rather than the very deliberate use of special
         | keywords in collabrative working.
         | 
         | Sailing, Flight, Surgery; All of these require people to work
         | together, in scenarios where a misinterpreted instruction can
         | cost lives.
         | 
         | The Tenerife Airport Disaster, still the deadliest aviation
         | accident was caused by bad communication procedures. [1]
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenerife_airport_disaster#Comm...
        
       | brontosaurusrex wrote:
       | When it gets really confusing is when you are on a sailboat and
       | get the command to pull 'altabasa' (you may know it's a type of
       | rope, but no idea which one or even where is the pulling
       | location).
        
       | vrglvrglvrgl wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | OnlyMortal wrote:
       | Because the words come from Dutch nautical terms. "Starboard" is
       | really "Steer-board", an external keel on one side of a boat.
       | Therefore Port is the only side of the boat that can dock to the
       | port.
        
         | perbu wrote:
         | The old Norse term "stjornbordi" likely predates the dutch and
         | old English terms, fwiw.
         | 
         | Stjorn means stern, so the back of the boat. I'm guess bordi
         | refers to the rudder itself, meaning plank.
         | 
         | From what I gather the OP story is bunk. It's easy to verify.
        
         | okdood64 wrote:
         | Yes, this is exactly what the fine article says. It's not very
         | long.
        
         | anamexis wrote:
         | Old English, actually, as the very succinct OP explains
        
       | Reason077 wrote:
       | To this day, at airports around the world aircraft are almost
       | exclusively loaded (the passengers, at least) on the port side.
       | Funny how these traditions continue!
        
       | bink wrote:
       | Related: Why is it called a "poop deck"?
       | 
       | https://emmacruises.com/poop-decks-what-are-they-and-why-are...
        
         | ArchieMaclean wrote:
         | Presumably it came from Latin 'puppis' (aft, stern, poop deck)
         | before the passing through French to English.
        
       | CalChris wrote:
       | An additional starboard/port issue is right of way for sailboats.
       | Suppose that you're going upwind and two close hauled boats are
       | crossing. Who has right of way?                 When boats are on
       | opposite tacks, a port-tack boat shall keep clear of a starboard-
       | tack boat. Rule 10.            A boat is on the tack, starboard
       | or port, corresponding to her windward side. RRS Definitions.
        
         | chewzerita wrote:
         | Also a convenient way to remember right of way while on the
         | water is to use the port/starboard lights of the approaching
         | boat. If you see green (their starboard side) that means you
         | have the right of way, and red means they have the right of
         | way. Just like traffic lights :)
        
           | bergie wrote:
           | That only applies between power boats. Between sailboats the
           | direction of wind is what determines the right of way.
           | 
           | And of course power boats must give way to sailing vessels.
        
             | Zironic wrote:
             | The rule of thumb I go for with boats is that the vessel
             | with worse steering has right of way. For instance a
             | freighter has right of way over a sailing boat regardless
             | of direction or wind because the freighter isn't going to
             | be able to change course in any appreciable amount of time.
        
               | bergie wrote:
               | Freighters have right of way in constrained waters, but
               | offshore they still need to make way for sailboats.
               | 
               | (Yes, I know colregs is a bit more nuanced than that, but
               | I think this is a decent approximation)
        
               | heikkilevanto wrote:
               | Plastic boats give way to wooden ship, wooden ships give
               | way to metal ships, and nothing gives way anything much
               | smaller than itself - Not the colreg rules, but a good
               | approximation for unskilled crew members. Especially on a
               | wooden ship.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | varjag wrote:
       | Too bad there are no good substitutes for general use that don't
       | make you sound like a wannabe pirate.
       | 
       | On one of our products (that has symmetric speakers, sensors and
       | lights) we use "proper left" and "proper right" in reference
       | material. The markings are also molded on the chassis. It makes
       | communicating with technicians in the field so much easier.
        
       | orestis wrote:
       | In Greek boating terms, we use just plain left and right. At
       | sailing school we were taught that left means always the left
       | side of the ship as it travels forward, and similarly the right.
       | 
       | We do use different words for the direction of the ship facing
       | towards or away from the wind though.
       | 
       | Not sure if the ancients used other words though. We managed to
       | avoid confusion for a few hundred years though.
        
         | jamager wrote:
         | In Spanish is babor/estribor. Nothing to do with
         | izquierda/derecha, no idea about etimology on this.
        
           | MoSattler wrote:
           | It has the same origin as the English equivalents.
           | 
           | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/estribor
        
       | coldtea wrote:
       | Because left and right change depending on which way you're
       | looking at?
        
       | androidbishop wrote:
       | same reason I use cardinal directions when giving directions, I'm
       | guessing
        
       | kstenerud wrote:
       | And through all of this, all I can think of is "There's Klingons
       | on the starboard bow, starboard bow, starboard bow."
        
         | drpixie wrote:
         | Wipe them off, Jim.
        
       | efitz wrote:
       | A large part of learning to sail a boat is learning the
       | terminology.
       | 
       | Everything has a name and none of the names coincide with non-
       | nautical experience.
       | 
       | For instance, a "rope" on a sailboat refers to the metal part of
       | a line usually used to the main sail. What non-sailors would call
       | a rope, sailors call a line.
       | 
       | There's a working vocabulary of 50-100 such terms and then
       | hundreds more when you start talking about very specific pieces
       | of equipment.
        
       | quickthrower2 wrote:
       | And now with the origin story, I won't forget which is which.
        
       | pseingatl wrote:
       | In the US Navy, helm orders are given as left/right, not
       | port/starboard.
        
       | coding123 wrote:
       | Oh wow, so RV's use the "starboard" side for loading. lol
        
       | Eddy_Viscosity2 wrote:
       | This is not the same explanation that I was familiar with. The
       | one I heard was that long ago boats didn't have the rudder on the
       | centerline, but was to one side. Because of this configuration
       | you also had to have the dock on the other side. The rudder was
       | called the a steer-board (eventually pronounced starboard). And
       | the dock was the port so that became the port side. So now we
       | have starboard and port sides of the ship from this old boat
       | type.
       | 
       | Reminds me a similar bit about some dimension of the space
       | shuttle being limited by the width of a horse's ass [0].
       | 
       | [0] https://dwanethomas.com/roman-chariots-and-the-space-
       | shuttle...
        
         | silisili wrote:
         | Sorry, how is it not? AFAICT this is the same thing the linked
         | article says.
        
           | Eddy_Viscosity2 wrote:
           | You know what. I read the article and for some reason it did
           | not see the meaning for words. I need some sleep or coffee.
        
       | darkpatterns wrote:
       | One domain where this concept of handling ambiguous left and
       | right in natural language is generative image AI models like
       | StableDiffusion. What I wouldn't give for a clear syntax to
       | define what I mean when I say "left side" or "to the right" in a
       | way that captures a character or object which may be rotated in
       | any number of positions. Running 100 generations with the same
       | prompt and different seeds demonstrates how hard this is to solve
       | using words.
        
       | antognini wrote:
       | It's interesting to compare how different professions handle the
       | ambiguity in left/right. In the maritime world they went with an
       | approach at one extreme, where they just use two completely
       | separate words, "port" and "starboard." (Though that's far from
       | the only case where there's a special word for something on a
       | boat.)
       | 
       | At the other extreme you have the medical profession where the
       | first thing you learn in medical school is that left/right
       | _always_ refer to the patient 's perspective. You could imagine
       | that the maritime world could have gone with a similar
       | convention. But the downside is that on very rare occasions
       | someone along the way gets confused and the doctor operates on
       | the wrong side of the body.
       | 
       | The theatrical world takes an intermediate approach, where they
       | use the terms "stage left / stage right", which always refer to
       | the perspective of an actor onstage facing the audience. Then the
       | word "stage" tells you the perspective, but you still keep the
       | words left/right so you don't have to memorize two completely
       | separate words.
        
         | gorbypark wrote:
         | In the skiing and mountaineering world we use climbers
         | (sometimes "lookers") right/left or skiers right/left to
         | differentiate when facing uphill or downhill. I find having
         | both is helpful instead of just having a single standardized
         | one.
         | 
         | For example, if you are standing and looking at a mountain,
         | it's easier to say "just to the climbers left of that peak"
         | because it's on the left from your perspective, likewise when
         | descending it best to say "stay to the skiers left of the
         | rock".
         | 
         | There's also lots of times it's good to mix and match, like if
         | you are looking at and discussing a mountain from afar and
         | planning on skiing down it later, you might keep the
         | conversation from a skiers perspective.
        
           | tuatoru wrote:
           | And in general hiking, referring to streams and rivers one
           | may follow or cross, there are the "true left" and "true
           | right" banks of the stream. Meaning, left or right looking
           | the way the water is flowing: downstream.
        
             | pklausler wrote:
             | "East bank" and "west bank" are also used for the sides of
             | a watercourse that flows generally north/south, even for
             | bits of it that are flowing east/west or have curved around
             | to flow south/north. Which is why West St. Paul (Minnesota)
             | is directly south of St. Paul proper -- it's on the "west
             | bank" of the Mississippi, while St. Paul is on the "east
             | bank".
             | 
             | (Same story, mutadis mutandis, for "north bank" and "south
             | bank" of generally east/west-flowing rivers.)
        
             | illegalsmile wrote:
             | We always say "river left" or "river right" but same same.
        
               | altec3 wrote:
               | Yep, these are the terms I've always used when whitewater
               | rafting.
        
         | wazoox wrote:
         | In French, starboard and port are "tribord" (same etymology as
         | "starboard", through Dutch) and "babord" ("back (of the oarman)
         | board").
         | 
         | On stage, they are "cote cour" and "cote jardin" because the
         | "Comedie-Francaise" theatre during the 1770 was in the
         | Tuileries palace, and the stage was oriented with the Louvre
         | courtyard on its right, and the Tuileries garden on its left.
        
           | CWuestefeld wrote:
           | In English, there's an archaic "larboard" meaning "port
           | side". My understanding is that this word was intentionally
           | banished due to confusion originating from the sound being so
           | similar to "starboard".
        
             | red-iron-pine wrote:
             | Makes good sense. Imagine trying to scream that to someone
             | at night in a storm after you've both had a ration of rum.
             | 
             | Probably a non-trivial number of people were hurt or killed
             | because of that linguistic similarity; we see the same with
             | air traffic control and pilots using ambiguous language.
        
             | tropicaljacket wrote:
             | this is mentioned in the linked article
        
           | lynguist wrote:
           | In German it's Steuerbord (meaning the same as starboard) and
           | Backbord (compare Middle Low German ba(c)kbort and Dutch
           | bakboort; oldest mention of this form is from old English:
           | baecbord!)
           | 
           | The word 'back' in German meaning 'back' in English doesn't
           | even exist. Only in this one loanword from Low German.
           | 
           | Only today I looked up this word, I never knew or understood
           | that Backbord is literally backboard.
        
         | yowzadave wrote:
         | Interestingly, on tennis courts you have the "deuce" side,
         | which is to the right of the player, and the "ad" side, which
         | is to the left of the player. Because you have two players
         | facing each other, the deuce sides for each player are
         | diagonally opposite from a neutral observer's perspective.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | wrigby wrote:
         | I also really like the theatrical world's convention of
         | "upstage" (further from the audience) and "downstage" (closer
         | to the audience) - disambiguating the front and back of a
         | stage.
        
         | tzs wrote:
         | There's also the approach taken in some Australian native
         | languages, e.g. [1], where they use absolute directions instead
         | of relative directions, so they would call what we call the
         | port side of a boat the north side if the boat was heading
         | east, and call it the west side if the boat was heading north.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuuk_Thaayorre_language
        
           | bryanlarsen wrote:
           | Ask a farmer for directions. In my experience it's more
           | likely they will tell you to turn north/south/east/west than
           | left or right.
        
             | yafbum wrote:
             | Maybe in the US and other places that have a grid system as
             | their main road planning principle and route naming
             | principle? In Europe, where roads tend to follow the
             | terrain more, I've not really heard this.
        
               | HideousKojima wrote:
               | The US doesn't really have a (consistent) grid system
               | outside of cities, with the notable exception of Utah
               | (due to planning efforts by the Mormon pioneers). And
               | even in cities it can be a mess. For example Seattle grew
               | from three different smaller areas that all planned their
               | roads to be parallel to the coast. The problem is the
               | coast isn't in a straight line so as they grew and
               | combined into a single city it created a lot of awkward
               | intersections where the roads meet.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | Much of the inner US was divided by the Homestead Acts of
               | the 1860's into square mile (640 acre) sections, 160 acre
               | quarters, and then further into forty's. cf "back forty".
               | These are all square.
        
               | yafbum wrote:
               | ? I'm not talking about the suburbs of Seattle, check out
               | maps of rural areas of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Missouri,
               | Texas, Nebraska, or even the plains in the east of
               | Washington state, most of the rural roads are running
               | primarily North/South or East/West. Not that it's a grid
               | system as in Manhattan, but it is following a grid
               | pattern, and the names of the routes on signs and in
               | spoken language are like "380 West" "215 North", etc. In
               | the interstate system and many state road systems, this
               | is reinforced by numbering convention that East/West
               | roads are numbered even, while North/South roads are
               | numbered odd. None of that exists in Europe.
        
               | eCa wrote:
               | > East/West roads are numbered even, while North/South
               | roads are numbered odd. None of that exists in Europe.
               | 
               | The E roads of Europe are generally numbered that way
               | too[1], though exceptions exist.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_E-
               | road_network#N...
        
               | socialdemocrat wrote:
               | You can just look at a map over the US and see quickly
               | how the grid pattern exists at almost any zoom level. You
               | also notice it in how people think about directions. As a
               | European I found it tricky to deal with but I saw the
               | opposite when Americans drive in Europe. They really
               | struggle with a system not built around thinking east-
               | west and north-south.
               | 
               | I think generally in Europe people think in terms of
               | landmarks rather than fixed directions.
        
               | dontlaugh wrote:
               | You'll be told about uphill and downhill for sure.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | Yes, highly likely. My experience of such is mostly in
               | the Canadian prairies, which are sectioned into square
               | mile grids.
        
               | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
               | I started to make a joke about correction lines, but
               | couldn't come up with a punchline :-(
        
           | jojobas wrote:
           | Surely they don't have built-in compasses, so what would they
           | do in an unfamiliar location on an overcast day?
        
             | cycomanic wrote:
             | Actually I reca reading some interesting studies where they
             | found that children from these tribes even after turned
             | around blindfolded could readily point out absolute
             | directions. I don't recall reading an explanation, but they
             | did seem to have a better inherent way of orient themselves
             | absolutely.
        
             | playingalong wrote:
             | Although possible, this is not happening to them
             | frequently. The language hasn't optimized for that use
             | case.
        
           | godelski wrote:
           | There's a few other languages that do this (as the primary
           | version. Most languages mix)[0]. In fact there's 3 main
           | classes:
           | 
           | - relative: in relation to the viewer (e.g. The mouse is to
           | my right)
           | 
           | - absolute: using some coordinate system, such as cardinal
           | (e.g. Plant is on the North side of the room)
           | 
           | - intrinsic: relative, but with respect to another object and
           | not the viewer (e.g. the TV is on top of the TV stand which
           | is opposite of the door)
           | 
           | It is worth mentioning that this is overly simplified and
           | that there is a lot more nuance to all this.
           | 
           | [0]
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_and_spatial_cognition
        
             | wahern wrote:
             | FWIW, if you read the literature closely, Kuuk Thaayorre is
             | also mixed. They have words for left and right and _use_
             | them to describe relative orientation, notwithstanding the
             | emphasis on cardinal directions. A related language, Guugu
             | Yimithirr, does seem to completely lack use of left and
             | right to describe spatial orientation; it has the words--
             | similar to Kuuk Thaayorre, words identifying left and right
             | hand /arm--but it doesn't extend them figuratively as Kuuk
             | Thaayorre does. (They both extend other body-related
             | orientation terminology, e.g. to describe being ahead or
             | behind something or someone.) However, Guugo Yimithirr
             | seems to heavily rely on hand and body gestures to help
             | establish relative orientation of the subject or object.
             | Reading the literature, I don't think Guugo Yimithirr would
             | be capable of adequately conveying direction and
             | orientation over the telephone.
             | 
             | Alot of the literature also makes hay about these language
             | speakers having preternatural skills at maintaining a
             | cardinal orientation mentally. I don't doubt they're good
             | at it, but I suspect that that skill is something that has
             | only recently become uncommon in the industrialized world.
             | As a kid growing up in the U.S., being able to keep track
             | of cardinal orientation was something I understood as a
             | skill expected of men, and not by tracking the sun or
             | consciously using other obvious markers. It was quite
             | obviously a vestigial gendered skill at that point--
             | noteworthy if you had any proficiency at it--but clearly
             | one within recent memory of male adults. Moreover, AFAIU,
             | there's also research showing that Americans tend to use
             | cardinal directions and navigation more than many European
             | countries, presumably related to our lived geography.
             | 
             | Interestingly, the literature on Guugu Yimithirr says that
             | cardinal orientation accuracy relative to the Earth is much
             | better the _further_ away the described location. For
             | descriptions closer to home (i.e. the central city /village
             | of the group), accuracy was often off by 30+ degrees,
             | seemingly because cardinal orientation is more dominated by
             | familiar local topographic features. Moreover, IIRC, it
             | seems cardinal direction isn't absolute in these languages.
             | Which, at least intuitively, makes alot of sense to me. For
             | example, the Bay Area is askew; when giving directions
             | "north" is closer to north-west (middle peninsula, East
             | Bay) or north-by-north-west (city), but everybody
             | (conscious or not) is very consistent about the rotation
             | and bending.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | > Alot of the literature also makes hay about these
               | language speakers having preternatural skills at
               | maintaining a cardinal orientation mentally.
               | 
               | Wahern is referring to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis[0]
               | (Linguistic Relativity). I do find that this is also
               | often misunderstood. I'm in your camp about the
               | directions. I've always viewed linguistic relativity as
               | just saying that your language is a framework. It should
               | be relatively obvious that if you use something a lot
               | that you'll be good at it. You'll find that mountaineers,
               | sailors, and pilots are better than most at of the
               | population because they use cardinal directions a lot. It
               | is experimentally provable that you can make your brain
               | prioritize rather arbitrary things. For example, get a
               | watch and set it to beep every hour. You'll probably get
               | a better sense of time (especially if you can get
               | different tones for 15 minute intervals). So what I'm
               | saying is that the weak Sapir-Whorf is well recognized
               | (what we discussed) but very few realistically believe
               | the strong Sapir-Whorf.
               | 
               | But either way, if anyone reading these comments hasn't
               | been interested in languages before I promise you that
               | they are a lot cooler than you imagine. Far from just
               | communication (which is rather incredible in the first
               | place) and if you're interested in LLMs you should learn
               | a minimal amount of linguistics.
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_relativity
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _theatrical world takes an intermediate approach, where they
         | use the terms "stage left / stage right"_
         | 
         | Same for skiers' left and right.
        
         | CWuestefeld wrote:
         | _At the other extreme you have the medical profession where the
         | first thing you learn in medical school is that left /right
         | always refer to the patient's perspective._
         | 
         | In an effort to avoid ambiguity, I always talk to my doctor in
         | terms of "driver's side" and "passenger side" - thus adopting
         | the maritime approach, but in more common terms.
        
         | interroboink wrote:
         | Your medical comment reminded me of the fascinating
         | constellation of terminology used to identify locations and
         | orientations in anatomy:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location
         | 
         | Some of the terms: dorsal/ventral, proximal/distal,
         | anterior/posterior, superior/inferior, oral/aboral,
         | basal/apical
         | 
         | When you're describing something like a microbe, the terms get
         | fairly arbitrary; which is the "head" end of some little blobby
         | thing?
        
           | dogmatism wrote:
           | the thing that's tricky is basal/apical can be different
           | directions: i.e. the base of the lung is at the bottom, the
           | base of the left ventricle (in the heart) at the top. You
           | have to know the shape of the organ to know. There's also
           | cranial/caudal, axial/coronal/sagittal just off the top of my
           | head
        
             | pbhjpbhj wrote:
             | That's some good punning!
        
           | bewaretheirs wrote:
           | And dentists talking about tooth faces have buccal (cheek-
           | side), lingual (tongue side), occlusal (chewing surface),
           | mesial (side closest to center), and distal (the other side
           | from mesial).
        
         | jodrellblank wrote:
         | Then you have cars, where left/right would make perfect sense
         | in all cars from the driver's perspective but instead people
         | use "nearside" and "offside" which are relative to the kerb
         | _while driving_ [1]. That means it's relative to which side of
         | the road the country drives on so if you drive a right-hand-
         | drive UK car into mainland Europe, do nearside and offside swap
         | on that car and you need to buy differently named replacement
         | parts?
         | 
         | Always annoying that it could be clearer and more stable and
         | shorter to use the driver's perspective with "Driver
         | left/right" to be specific and then would be the same sides on
         | all cars moving or parked in any orientation in all countries.
         | 
         | [1] not valid if you turn around and park backwards!
        
           | closewith wrote:
           | There's also the convention of inside and outside lanes on
           | multilane roads.
           | 
           | In each the UK, Ireland, and the United States, the inside
           | lane is the leftmost lane. However, due to driving on the
           | opposite sides of the road, this means that while the inside
           | lane in the US is closest to the central median, in the UK &
           | Ireland, the inside lane is closet to the curb.
           | 
           | Source: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/i
           | nside-l...
        
         | saiya-jin wrote:
         | French (maybe its in english too actually, natives could
         | comment) say rive gauche and rive droit for which bank of the
         | river or lake we talk about. Always taken from perspective of
         | river flowing downhill. Makes sense, just takes some time
         | getting used to when coming from language which doesnt obsess
         | about it that much
        
           | q1w2 wrote:
           | This is true in english also. The right/left bank of a river
           | is always from the perspective of the water flowing/facing
           | downstream.
        
         | matt-attack wrote:
         | Interesting. I always assumed "stage left" meant from the
         | perspective of looking at the stage.
        
         | scoopr wrote:
         | How about always using world relative words?
         | 
         | https://www.naturalnavigator.com/news/2010/09/guugu-yimithir...
        
         | TeMPOraL wrote:
         | I suppose it has to do with how many frames of reference you're
         | juggling in a task/profession. With boats, others mentioned
         | that wind provides its own frame, and there are separate words
         | still for "left" and "right" in that frame.
         | 
         | Then there's space, where it gets even more fun, as the
         | relevant frames - the ship, the orbit (or the "centre of
         | gravity" of everything pulling on you) - are completely
         | independent. That is, your orientation doesn't matter for the
         | travel direction. Now, not only "right" and "left" are
         | ambiguous - but also "up", "down", "forward" and "backward".
         | 
         | When in orbit, you have "prograde" and "retrograde" to refer to
         | the velocity vector's direction and its opposite; if we dub
         | that "forward" and "backward", then "radial" and "antiradial"
         | are "down" and "up" (i.e. towards / away from the center of
         | orbited body), and then "normal", "antinormal" for "left" and
         | "right", which you can get from the cross product of "forward"
         | and "up".
        
           | ethbr0 wrote:
           | > _With boats, others mentioned that wind provides its own
           | frame, and there are separate words still for "left" and
           | "right" in that frame._
           | 
           | There's windward (towards/upwind) and leeward
           | (away/downwind).
           | 
           | Are there left and right too?
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windward_and_leeward
        
             | nickt wrote:
             | And the wind itself backs (anti-clockwise) and veers
             | (clockwise) with height.
        
             | closewith wrote:
             | There's port/starboard tack, where the wind is coming from
             | the port/starboard side of the vessel. It can be confusing
             | because, for example, if a boat on a port tack tacks to
             | port, the result is a starboard tack (once the bow crosses
             | the direction from which the wind is blowing).
        
               | hgsgm wrote:
               | That has another ambiguity: in wind, directions are
               | presumed to be naming the source of the wind, not the
               | sink.
        
               | bell-cot wrote:
               | After your first few hours on deck in foul weather,
               | _that_ one will seem obvious.
        
             | aintgonnatakeit wrote:
             | For wind, you have "lifted" (wind shift that takes you
             | closer to your destination) and "headed" (similar but away)
             | when going to weather. Downwind, it's a little different as
             | the wind just "shifts" and you trim sails or steer to take
             | advantage.
        
             | lancefisher wrote:
             | What matters to sailors with respect to the wind is the
             | angle which it meets the boat or the orientation of the
             | boat with regard to the direction of the wind. For that
             | there are dedicated names known as the points of sail which
             | include: close hauled, close reach, beam reach, broad
             | reach, run, and in irons.
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_sail
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | Good point! :)
               | 
               | But points of sail don't have any handedness, correct?
               | I.e. they're mirrored on both sides of the wind.
               | 
               | As mentioned in another comment, tacking (with its active
               | directionality) is probably the closest to handed-
               | terminology.
        
             | morcheeba wrote:
             | Even without the wind, the separate words help. In crew
             | (rowed) boats, people sit backwards. And then boats are
             | stored on racks upside-down. It can get complicated!
        
           | sizzle wrote:
           | As I suspected from seeing your username over the years, you
           | really are knowledgeable on the topic of _temporal_ space and
           | orientation :)
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_temporal_space
        
           | BuyMyBitcoins wrote:
           | I'm curious, have you ever played Kerbal Space Program? Or,
           | are you familiar with orbital mechanics for a different
           | reason? KSP taught me about those terms and familiarized me
           | with the concept.
        
           | johnwalkr wrote:
           | The convention for orbital spacecraft is that the local
           | coordinate system has +z facing whatever it is orbiting and
           | +x facing travel direction. Then you can refer to directions
           | relative to the spacecraft such as "+x", "-y", etc.
           | 
           | The space shuttle normally orbited with it's payload bay,
           | opposite of the landing gear facing Earth. The payload bay
           | was +z direction. From the layperson's point of view, the
           | shuttle orbited upside down, but from an aerospace engineer's
           | point of view it orbited right side up and landed upside
           | down.
        
             | dabluecaboose wrote:
             | That's _a_ convention, but hardly _the_ convention.
             | 
             | I used to work satellite navigation for NOAA. For the GOES
             | sats we often used Intrack (Prograde/Retrograde),
             | Crosstrack (Normal/Anti-normal), and Radial (Towards
             | planet/away from). I don't think anyone really referred to
             | any directions as "plus x" or "minus y"
        
               | johnwalkr wrote:
               | There are different conventions, yes. Even for the
               | shuttle I've seen +z point in the opposite direction in
               | some documents. I work in systems engineering so I'm less
               | exposed to terms used in operations and more in
               | discussions about which part of the spacecraft things are
               | located.
               | 
               | Actually I work on rovers and it's a perennial debate
               | whether to follow spacecraft convention (+z is down) or
               | automotive convention (+z is up). Then mechanical
               | engineers will usually follow what is intuitive on the
               | screen (+z is forward). This is because computer graphics
               | convention is +z facing out of the screen.
        
               | dabluecaboose wrote:
               | Yeah, operations is kind of where engineering's best
               | practices go out the window for practicality haha.
               | 
               | We used to tilt the spacecraft when doing inclination
               | burns so that we could get a little bit of intrack
               | delta-v to even out our orbit. I always thought that was
               | delightfully janky.
        
             | sandworm101 wrote:
             | >> The space shuttle normally orbited with it's payload
             | bay, opposite of the landing gear facing Earth
             | 
             | That wasn't a choice. The doors had to remain open and
             | pointing away from the earth so that the radiators could
             | properly dissipate heat. It also, in theory, kept the most
             | important thermal tiles pointing away from incoming space
             | rocks.
        
               | addingnumbers wrote:
               | > The doors had to remain open and pointing away from the
               | earth
               | 
               | It's the opposite. The orbiter usually kept it doors
               | pointed toward Earth and the "bottom" tiles pointed away
               | from Earth, and orbited with its engines pointed
               | prograde. (Upside-down and backward relative to the
               | atmospheric flight people are familiar with)
               | 
               | https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/12321/why-did-
               | the-...
        
         | kaapipo wrote:
         | In theatrical context, they also use "house left" and "house
         | right" for similar effect but with a different perspective
        
           | swader999 wrote:
           | At a ski hill, it's skiers left/right so you know it's from
           | the reference of someone going down the hill. Drivers side,
           | passenger side...
        
         | xnx wrote:
         | How much has the ambiguity between right (direction) and right
         | (correct) cost the world?
        
         | simonh wrote:
         | Left and Right didn't have their modern meaning back then. In
         | Old English riht meant straight, as in direct or not bent. It
         | later assumed the meaning of correct as in right and wrong.
         | Lyft meant weak. Their reference to handedness seems to have
         | been incidental. It seems odd to us to talk about the
         | 'straight' and 'weak' hand, but to them it made sense, but
         | maybe not to talk about the 'straight' or 'weak' sides of a
         | boat.
         | 
         | The concept of left and right hands was not very commonly used
         | historically. It wasn't important to most people. During the
         | English Civil War many recruits didn't know which hand or foot
         | was left or right. During marching training instructors used to
         | stick some hay in one boot and straw in the other for each
         | recruit and call out "Hay, Straw, Hay, Straw".
        
         | abhibeckert wrote:
         | > At the other extreme you have the medical profession where
         | the first thing you learn in medical school is that left/right
         | always refer to the patient's perspective
         | 
         | In (musical) theatre we do it the other way around. The we call
         | it "stage left" and "stage right" or "SL and SR" since we use
         | abbreviations everywhere in our notes. It's always from the
         | "stage manager's perspective" which is traditionally (but not
         | always) facing the audience.
         | 
         | If the stage manager is facing a different way that doesn't
         | affect the meaning of left/right.
         | 
         | It's from their perspective because they are basically the only
         | person who isn't running around like a chook with their head
         | cut off (because their eyes are glued to the script and video
         | screens - https://youtu.be/DP2QOmN57iU?t=82).
        
           | jdietrich wrote:
           | In the automotive trade, a vehicle has a "driver's side" and
           | "passenger side". This only partly solves the ambiguity,
           | because of course some countries drive on the left.
        
             | Dylan16807 wrote:
             | Remember, in the US the inside lane is on the left, and in
             | the UK the inside lane is on the left.
        
               | wiredfool wrote:
               | Inside is where the double yellow is.
        
               | markus92 wrote:
               | Double yellow on the road in the UK? You got jokes my
               | friend.
        
               | wiredfool wrote:
               | Double yellow means parking bay, right?
        
             | denton-scratch wrote:
             | Commonly referred to as "offside" and "nearside"; terms I
             | find confusing. I think the nearside is the side near the
             | edge of the road, and the offside is the side near the
             | center of the road.
        
             | noduerme wrote:
             | I thought it would be difficult when I bought a car in
             | Australia to manage shifting with my left hand, but it
             | turned out to be surprisingly easy. I had been under the
             | impression for some reason that the clutch would be
             | controlled with the right foot. Thank God the pedals are in
             | the same places.
        
               | glxxyz wrote:
               | The first time I drove a manual car back in the UK after
               | a few years driving a manual in Canada I went to change
               | gear and grabbed the door handle.
        
               | rcme wrote:
               | Is 1st gear still in the top left position?
        
               | knifie_spoonie wrote:
               | Yes, the shifting pattern is exactly the same.
        
               | mr_toad wrote:
               | But usually the wipers and indicator controls are
               | reversed, which can be embarrassing.
        
               | acherion wrote:
               | And it's not always reversed! Australian-made and
               | Japanese-made cars tend to have indicator on the right
               | stalk, and wipers on the left. European cars tend to have
               | indicators on the left stalk, and wipers on the right.
               | But not always!
               | 
               | Case in point: my wife and I live in Australia (have done
               | so all our lives), and my wife had a 2008 Ford Focus,
               | made in South Africa (a RHD country). Indicator stalk was
               | on the left, wiper on the right (aka "European" style).
               | She then upgraded to a 2020 Ford Focus, made in Germany
               | (it's the wagon model), and the wiper is on the left,
               | indicator on the right. Which confuses me, as I drive a
               | BMW, which has indicators on the left and wipers on the
               | right.
        
               | jojobas wrote:
               | Blinkers were always on the outside when most cars had
               | manual transmissions, the opposite would be very
               | inconvenient (and still is). Then somehow Britain didn't
               | challenge the EU regulation that indicators must be on
               | the left regardless of the driving side. Japanese and
               | Korean cars still supply right-hand indicatored-cars to
               | Japan, Australia and New Zealand, yet left-indicatored to
               | the UK, go figure, European ones don't give a shit, so
               | buyers of BMWs and MBs suffer (or enjoy?) being
               | incompatible with the rest.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | acherion wrote:
               | The indicator should be on the outside, so you can change
               | gear (in a manual transmission car) and indicate at the
               | same time. It's just common sense.
               | 
               | I am used to the indicators on the left though when
               | driving my BMW, so I experience the classic "wipers
               | instead of indicators" dance many times when I drive my
               | wife's car. As most cars nowadays are automatics, I guess
               | this reasoning is falling out of relevance more and more.
               | 
               | I also want to note that not all Australian built cars
               | had wipers on the left and indicators on the right - many
               | GM Holden models like the Kingswood and early Commodore
               | models from the 1980s had them both on the one stalk -
               | that stalk being on the right of course.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | alibarber wrote:
               | Coming from the UK to Aus / NZ I was feeling smug ;) -
               | but of course, this caught me out.
               | 
               | To be clear in the UK the wheel is on the right but the
               | indicator is still on the left side of the wheel as in a
               | European LHD car, just to keep things different.
        
               | pbhjpbhj wrote:
               | It's not a UK thing (which side the indicator stem is),
               | it's a manufacturer thing.
               | 
               | Like position of reverse gear on a H-style gear stick,
               | some left-and-up, some right-and-down; some with a collar
               | interlock, some with a button, some you push the whole
               | stick down towards the ground ...
        
               | atorodius wrote:
               | Lohe this. Reminded me of the wild complexity in our
               | global society
        
               | leipert wrote:
               | Sibling comment mentions indicators and wipers being
               | switched.
               | 
               | Anecdote 1) In NZ I saw a car in the middle of a busy
               | roundabout, wipers on, passengers visibly confused and
               | crying.
               | 
               | Anecdote 2) A kayak guide also mentioned, that if you see
               | someone entering a roundabout, windshield wiping, on a
               | sunny day, you just wait and let them do their thing.
               | 
               | Anecdote 3) After a month in NZ I came back to Germany
               | and actually muscle memory let me to use wipers instead
               | of indicators on the autobahn when changing lanes. Oof.
        
               | ace2358 wrote:
               | It gets even worse when some cars put the indicator shaft
               | on the left of the steering wheel and others put it on
               | the right haha
        
               | abenga wrote:
               | The wiper thing is marque dependent, even within
               | countries. I live in East Africa, drive on the left.
               | German cars (I've driven a few) seem to have wiper stalks
               | on the right and indicator control on the left. Toyotas
               | (and I guess other Japanese cars) I've driven have it on
               | the opposite side. Whenever I drive a friend's car, I
               | always hit the wipers a few times at the beginning of a
               | trip before I acclimatize.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | Pamure roundabout and Royal Oak roundabouts in Auckland
               | are interesting.
               | 
               | Royal Oak has an ice cream parlour with a good view of
               | the carnage.
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | As a speaker of a Right-To-Left language, I see this all
               | the time in software. Some software change the UI
               | direction when switching to Hebrew, some don't. And
               | culturally, it seems that Arabic users _do_ prefer the UI
               | to be switched, but Hebrew users do not.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | Far too new for an Australian purist. It's three on the
               | tree thank you.
        
               | ubermonkey wrote:
               | Yeah, it's a relief to discover that the driver's cockpit
               | (for lack of a better term) is just moved side-to-side
               | wholesale and not flipped -- EXCEPT for the shifter,
               | which remains in the middle.
               | 
               | I was surprised how easily my body got used to left-hand
               | shifting, but I will say this: I've been driving stick
               | shifts for nearly 40 years, and never miss a gear in the
               | US. However, driving in the UK I find that left hand is
               | NOWHERE NEARLY AS GOOD at distinguishing 1st from 3rd as
               | my right is. Muscle memory!
               | 
               | Steering-column manual shifting (e.g. "three on the
               | tree") is pretty much extinct today, but I assume that
               | the "move the whole driver section over" thing means that
               | column-shifted manuals in the UK were still shifted with
               | the right hand. Does anyone know?
        
             | gav wrote:
             | If you're giving directions to somebody driving, like when
             | reversing into a tricky spot, you can tell them to "turn
             | driver" or "turn passenger" so there's no ambiguity.
        
               | omegabravo wrote:
               | I've heard the term "left hand down", aka turn left but
               | much more explicit.
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | Why not simply "counterclockwise"?
        
               | rantallion wrote:
               | Depends. Are you referring to the rotation of the wheel
               | or of the car? While I've never heard it used before, the
               | post to which you're replying avoids that ambiguity.
        
             | Steve44 wrote:
             | In the UK I was taught off-side and near side which
             | referred to the sides nearest and away from the kerb as you
             | are driving. That would be localised to which side of the
             | road your location drives on, but not affected by left or
             | right hand drive.
             | 
             | I still use is when checking tyre pressures for example,
             | they are handy and unambiguous acronyms. For example Off
             | Side Front ( OSF ) would be the drivers side front mostly.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | Fradow wrote:
             | It's a whole lot of weirdness, especially since most
             | interactions in English language on the internet will be
             | with either US or UK people.
             | 
             | Sometimes, you want to use passenger/driver side: for
             | example, on my car, brake flushing procedure is always rear
             | passenger first, no matter driving side.
             | 
             | And sometime you want to use left/right, which is always
             | assumed to be according to the driver's position (so it's
             | reversed when facing the engine), because some things
             | aren't reversed, no matter the driving side: for example,
             | on my car, the BCM and hood latch are always on the right
             | side (which makes it inconvenient to open the hood for a
             | left-side driving car).
             | 
             | P.S.: how do I know for certain? A friend has the exact
             | same model but with opposite driving position because it's
             | a UK import.
        
             | numbsafari wrote:
             | This is how I refer to my dog's legs/paws... eg, driver
             | side rear would be his back left leg.
             | 
             | He's a sport sedan, so it applies.
        
             | midasuni wrote:
             | Near side and off side
        
             | Lio wrote:
             | An interesting thing to note is how this affects the
             | control sticks on a car.
             | 
             | Generally the indicators will be operated with the hand
             | that's furthest from the centre so that you can change gear
             | in a manual car and turn the indicators on at the same
             | time.
             | 
             | Australia, Japan, New Zealand amongst others all operate
             | their indicators with the right hand. Not in the UK though.
             | 
             | Even though we drive on the left our indicators swapped to
             | match other EU[0] countries that drive on the right
             | sometime in the 1980s.
             | 
             | I drive a manual car and you just get used to doing both
             | with the same hand. All done via subconscious muscle
             | memory.
             | 
             | In fact I never really gave it much though until going
             | round a corner in an automatic hire car in Christchurch,
             | New Zealand. Wipers scraping across a dry screen, my hand
             | desperately hunting for the missing gear stick as other
             | cars hooted at me...
             | 
             | -
             | 
             | 0. Let's just ignore elephant in the room for now.
        
           | danielvf wrote:
           | For stage directions there's also "House Left" and "House
           | Right", which are from the perspective of the audience.
        
             | dotancohen wrote:
             | I've heard it referred to as "Audience Left" and "Audience
             | Right", though I'm not in the industry.
        
             | blahlabs wrote:
             | And in broadcast it can be referred to as 'Camera Left' and
             | 'Camera Right', which is also from the audience
             | perspective.
        
               | HelloNurse wrote:
               | The camera's perspective. Audience perspective could be
               | mediated by coarse special effects such as reflecting or
               | turning the image.
        
         | rcthompson wrote:
         | The advantage of using separate words for the frame of
         | reference of the boat is that you can still use left and right
         | with their normal meanings as well.
        
           | InCityDreams wrote:
           | "It'll be starboard side, hung up on the left."
        
           | usrbinbash wrote:
           | But I can also say:
           | 
           | "I'm on the left side of the boat, and hold an apple in my
           | left hand." The boat has a clearly distinguishable bow and
           | stern, so it provides a frame of reference.
        
             | rcthompson wrote:
             | "Left side of the boat" is a lot more syllables than
             | "port". And using different words makes it less likely that
             | the listener will be confused by multiple uses of the same
             | word to mean different things.
        
         | orthecreedence wrote:
         | As I was reading your comment I was thinking "huh, that's
         | interesting." But then I remembered: surfers use left/right as
         | well, for instance if a wave breaks right or left. They use the
         | perspective of being in the ocean and looking back at the
         | shore, as opposed to the shore looking out to the ocean. I
         | remember asking that very question when I first started.
        
         | bckygldstn wrote:
         | > stage left / stage right
         | 
         | Outdoor recreation often uses climbers left/right and skiers
         | left/right (even when there's no rock or snow) to orient
         | direction relative to slope, which is similarly descriptive and
         | clear to those who haven't heard the terms before.
         | 
         | Except for rivers, where True Left and True Right are commonly
         | used in New Zealand for hiking and kayaking, and I can never
         | remember which way round they go!
        
           | wldcordeiro wrote:
           | I hear skiers left/right or looker's left/right often.
           | Usually looker's is said while on the lift or the base of the
           | mountain.
        
           | themeiguoren wrote:
           | Climber's right doesn't make sense to me as distinguished
           | from looker's right, since both perform the named activity
           | facing the slope.
        
         | atoav wrote:
         | As a camera operator or director I always tended to use "your
         | left/right", "my left/right" or "camera left/right". The first
         | two made their way into my everyday speak as well.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | If you're inside a ship, it's often hard to say what way around
         | you are: "left" and "right" have utility for the perspective of
         | a person onboard. Port and starboard are the onboard equivalent
         | of North/South/East/West when walking on land, especially if
         | you're inside a building with no windows for external
         | reference.
         | 
         | This is unlike for a doctor, where it's obvious which side is
         | which: you can see the patient.
        
           | ChrisRR wrote:
           | > you can see the patient.
           | 
           | Often not true. In any sort of imaging it can be ambiguous
           | what way the patient is facing
        
           | tcmart14 wrote:
           | Yup. Port and starboard, along with forward and aft are in
           | reference to the center-line of the ship from the perspective
           | of being aft and looking forward. Looking at a top down of
           | the ship from where forward and the forecastle are up, it is
           | left (port) and right (starboard).
        
           | lostlogin wrote:
           | > This is unlike for a doctor, where it's obvious which side
           | is which: you can see the patient.
           | 
           | This isn't always true and it's not always obvious.
           | 
           | For example with imaging - axial slices of the patient
           | through symmetrical structures. The brain, lower abdo, a
           | single leg or arm etc, etc. There are conventions in image
           | display for a reason - it is not obvious.
           | 
           | For axial slices, as an observer, you are positioned as
           | though at the foot of the patient's bed. Your right is the
           | patients left.
        
             | HPsquared wrote:
             | Shouldn't doctors simply use the Greek or Latin words for
             | left and right?
        
               | pbhjpbhj wrote:
               | Latin: _sinister_ and _dexter_ , I think they are used
               | for parts of organs (eg liver); one source notes _occulus
               | sinister_ being used in the abbreviation OS for left eye.
               | 
               | Greek _dexios_ and _aristeros_ ... well _dexter_ come
               | from _dexios ", as does the chemical suffix -dextrin.
               | _Aristeros* is a euphemism, it means something like
               | "best" (I wonder if that's the origin of 'put your best
               | foot forward') ... I'm told that left-sided things were
               | unlucky to the Greek speaking peoples and Greek language
               | apparently compensated by describing that position
               | positively.
        
               | WorldMaker wrote:
               | The "left-side are unlucky" thing affects the Latin
               | example as well as the Greek, at the very least in the
               | way that English derived words get used: compare
               | "dexterous" (modern English connotations of "able,
               | agile") versus "sinister" (modern English connotations of
               | "evil, subversive").
               | 
               | It's an interestingly deep rabbit hole in language
               | etymology just how much "left" gets besmirched and
               | "right" gets positive connotations. (The fact that
               | "right" is also a synonym in English for "correct" being
               | another bit of evidence.)
        
             | eloisant wrote:
             | I don't know, when you're talking about "the right arm", it
             | seems obvious that it's the patient's right arm and not the
             | arm that you see on your right when you're looking at the
             | patient. I don't think you need to go to medical school to
             | understand that.
        
               | chuddington wrote:
               | [dead]
        
               | ChrisRR wrote:
               | Assumptions like this is how errors are made.
               | 
               | Don't make assumptions, codify it.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | rprospero wrote:
               | You're right that "the left lung" should obviously be the
               | lung on the patient's left. However, can you look at the
               | image below and immediately identify which is the "left"
               | lung?
               | 
               | https://scratch.rprosperoglobal.duckdns.org/lungs.png
        
               | adql wrote:
               | ...you just expect random readers to know how lung looks
               | on (i assume) MRI, from (I assume) top ?
               | 
               | I'd also assume it would be simple to spot just because
               | the image is always took from the same direction so the
               | narrow part points out to front/back of the patient
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | I think I can, maybe. However I'm a radiographer and
               | pictures like this are my job.
               | 
               | The orientation is screwed up and images should almost
               | never be displayed like this.
               | 
               | If the patient's organs are in non-standard locations
               | (situs inversus, dextrocardia etc), something very bad
               | will happen when orientations are messed with. Use
               | standard orientations and label the images.
        
               | rprospero wrote:
               | I fully agree with you. I was mostly posting as an
               | example that "left is the patient's left" is not
               | sufficient without other standards (like image
               | orientation).
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | And that went straight over my head.
               | 
               | Your point was well made.
        
               | blowski wrote:
               | It's obvious 99% of the time, but that 1% equates to a
               | lot of fatal errors.
        
           | ajeet_dhaliwal wrote:
           | It just seems like an old convention that has stuck, seem'm
           | much simpler to anyone not familiar with ships to say 'ships
           | left' or 'ships right' than to have new words. We don't do
           | this with cars. You have a left rear door, not a port rear
           | door.
        
             | modernerd wrote:
             | > We don't do this with cars. You have a left rear door,
             | not a port rear door.
             | 
             | "Driver side rear door" or "passenger side rear door" are
             | pretty common, at least in the US and UK, where they mean
             | the opposite.
             | 
             | "Nearside" (passenger side nearest curb in a right-hand
             | drive vehicle driving on the left) and "offside" (driver
             | side furthest from curb) are also used in the UK.
        
               | theiz wrote:
               | If you ever went 4x4 driving, you use driver / passenger
               | to indicate the direction someone has to go to. This is
               | because the navigation often is done from someone
               | standing outside the car, where using left/right can be
               | rather confusing.
        
               | pbhjpbhj wrote:
               | In UK a [experienced, older?] driver gives another driver
               | instructions with "right hand down" and "left hand down".
               | That is, you give directions to move the steering wheel.
               | 
               | I've the vaguest recollection that sailing/steam boats
               | used to say which side to move the wheel towards to
               | steer; that begging opposite of the way the boat will
               | go??
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | For repair instructions this actually causes a lot of
               | confusion for someone in a right hand drive market. Half
               | the time the repair instruction gets it wrong and would
               | have been better saying left or right. Occasionally it is
               | correct though if dealing with a part that's different in
               | each market.
        
             | philo23 wrote:
             | I guess some could argue that we do have some special
             | vocabulary for cars too.
             | 
             | E.g. you don't call it the front/back door, you call it the
             | bonnet/boot (or maybe hood/trunk depending where you're
             | from) though that probably is stretching the definition of
             | a door a little bit... but then you also have nearside and
             | offside for passengers/drivers side, though that's probably
             | a bit more of a technical term.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | > _though that probably is stretching the definition of a
               | door a little bit..._
               | 
               | It is, but then so is the stupid "3-door" / "5-door" /
               | etc. car classification, which is really 2-door / 4-door
               | / etc. with the trunk being counted as additional door
               | for some reason.
        
               | garaetjjte wrote:
               | I think it makes sense for hatchbacks, where there's no
               | real trunk/passenger cabin separation.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | The trunk is considered a door when it opens into the
               | main cabin instead of a separate compartment.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | I always get confused by nearside and offside. Is it
               | "near to the driver" or "near to the roadside"?
        
               | beardyw wrote:
               | Near the roadside.
        
             | chewxy wrote:
             | Cars are small and for the most part everyone in the car
             | faces the same direction as the car itself. When you have a
             | ship, you have 3 frames of references to contend with
             | (self, ship, cardinal)
        
               | sergiosgc wrote:
               | Four, actually. You also have the wind frame of
               | reference, which is actually the most important (for sail
               | boats). You don't turn left or right, you turn upwind or
               | downwind.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | For wind there is leeward (downwind) and windward
               | (upwind). I don't think there are common terms for the 2
               | crosswind directions though?
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | > At the other extreme you have the medical profession where
         | the first thing you learn in medical school is that left/right
         | always refer to the patient's perspective.
         | 
         | I was recently involved in a case where a patient decided that
         | their left should be called the right side during a phone
         | consultation as that would help their doctor.
         | 
         | Good times.
        
           | sandworm101 wrote:
           | I have heard stories of patients, entirely on their own,
           | using black markers to indicate which leg/arm was to be
           | operated upon. Surgeons are entirely OK with this. They
           | appreciate it. I also heard a legend of a patient who
           | themselves marked the wrong leg. This wasn't discovered until
           | after sedation. The procedure was canceled until everything
           | was clarified.
           | 
           | When having my arm x-rayed years ago they places a small pad
           | with an embedded metal "L" to indicate that it was my left
           | arm. But if you place the L backwards, then they will think
           | the image has been reversed, which just makes everything more
           | complicated. So the L-pad needed "this side up" label.
        
             | devilbunny wrote:
             | The surgeon has no issue with it because it is essentially
             | universal policy in the US (don't know about other
             | countries but can't imagine they don't have similar) that
             | the surgeon _must_ , prior to sedation, mark the surgical
             | site _themselves_ and put their initials on it. Exceptions
             | are made for cases where there isn 't a "side" (you only
             | have one gall bladder), or where the wound is "obvious", or
             | for exploratory surgeries where the actual site of all
             | injuries is not yet known.
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | The letter being revered is a way of indicating if the beam
             | went from the back to front (posterior to anterior) PA or
             | front to back, AP.
             | 
             | X-rays are effectively shadows and things further from the
             | X-ray plate get more magnified. Large structures like the
             | chest benefit from being done a certain way, like having
             | the heart near the plate. That way it's less magnified.
             | 
             | PA or AP is often a thing you see on the corner of films,
             | indicating the technique.
             | 
             | The film also used to be processed in a film processor, and
             | it was very easy to accidentally flip. This is another
             | reason we have conventions.
        
           | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
           | Is this the story of how someone ended up with one less
           | appendix than they should have?
        
             | jdmichal wrote:
             | People only have one appendix to start with. Did you mean
             | appendage?
        
               | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
               | No, that's what I meant, but said in a facetious way. If
               | someone is complaining about lower right abdominal pain
               | that could be the appendix, when lower left would not be.
        
               | bell-cot wrote:
               | _Unless_ the patient is one of the 0.01% -
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situs_inversus
        
               | jdmichal wrote:
               | Ah I get it now. Sorry for the density.
        
               | xpe wrote:
               | Don't apologize; we all benefit from a good chuckle.
        
               | runlaszlorun wrote:
               | Perhaps they have -1 now.
               | 
               | Either that or my recent C excursions have me thinking in
               | buffer overruns and index errors.
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | That would be _two_ less than they should have? Unless
               | you 're commenting on its uselessness that they 'should'
               | have zero despite one being normal?
        
               | jdmichal wrote:
               | Last I heard, there's an idea that it might help
               | recolonize the gut with good flora after infections and
               | such.
        
               | xpe wrote:
               | The official record _books_ will now show that patient is
               | officially the first to lose an _appendix_ but gain a
               | _preface_.
        
           | tomxor wrote:
           | That's a particularly strange kind of overthinking,
           | implicitly acknowledging the medical field is complex enough
           | to consult a professional, and yet thinking something as
           | common and (relatively) simple as interpreting left/right
           | from patient descriptions hasn't already been considered.
           | 
           | That's before even getting into the assumption of face to
           | face orientation over a phone... is that in virtual terms, or
           | in terms of absolute orientation, I hope they took into
           | consideration the curvature of the Earth.
        
             | CWuestefeld wrote:
             | As I said elsewhere, but I think it's worth repeating here
             | - In an effort to avoid ambiguity, I always talk to my
             | doctor in terms of "driver's side" and "passenger side" -
             | thus adopting the maritime approach, but in more common
             | terms.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Until you call a doctor in the UK.
        
               | jen20 wrote:
               | To whit, having learned to drive on the left, the "easy"
               | turn that does not cross traffic is always a "left" turn
               | to me, regardless of living in a country that drives on
               | the right. Makes giving directions to others quite
               | interesting.
        
               | KMag wrote:
               | I learned to drive in the US, but lived over 10 years in
               | Hong Kong, and have driven in New Zealand and South
               | Africa.
               | 
               | When I first moved to Hong Kong, I kept making eye
               | contact with passengers instead of drivers when crossing
               | the road on foot.
               | 
               | In New Zealand (my first experience driving on the left),
               | I turned on my wipers (on a sunny day) the first couple
               | of times entering a roundabout (the turn signal is on the
               | other side of the steering wheel). Also, I couldn't
               | resist the urge to glance over my left shoulder for
               | oncoming traffic in my blind spot when making left-hand
               | turns, despite the fact that traffic approaching me from
               | there would need to be driving the wrong way down the
               | road.
               | 
               | Thank goodness that the manual shift pattern and pedal
               | layouts are kept the same between left-hand and right-
               | hand drive models. Driving in South Africa could have
               | been a disaster had the shift pattern been reversed.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | I drove a Japanese car in NL traffic and whenever I had
               | to downshift for turns in the first couple of hours after
               | switching cars my right hand would slam into the door :)
        
               | amalcon wrote:
               | I just try to prepend "my". It's usually natural to do
               | this anyway ("my left knee" e.g.) but can always be done
               | ("I fell to my left" instead of "I fell to the left").
        
               | quartesixte wrote:
               | And then you get a doctor from Japan!
        
               | tomxor wrote:
               | That's country specific, maybe you should use port and
               | starboard.
               | 
               | Really though, just use _your_ left and right as most
               | people do, because as has been mentioned, the standard is
               | for doctors to refer to and visualise left and right from
               | the patients perspective - so every time you do something
               | different they have to transform, translate or clarify
               | which increases chance of mistakes.
        
             | johnwalkr wrote:
             | It reminds me of a lot of hackernews comments on technical
             | topics from non-software fields.
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | Only on HN would the domain of "technical topics" be
               | constrained to software.
        
         | hanoz wrote:
         | _> At the other extreme you have the medical profession where
         | the first thing you learn in medical school is that left /right
         | always refer to the patient's perspective._
         | 
         | Didn't know that! So how pervasive is this principal? Would it
         | apply to a descriptive reference to a diagram in a book for
         | example?
        
           | antognini wrote:
           | Yes. As a random example, you'll see that although the lungs
           | are seen from the perspective of a doctor facing a patient,
           | they are labelled left/right from the patient's perspective:
           | https://www.therespiratorysystem.com/wp-
           | content/uploads/2017...
        
             | zarzavat wrote:
             | The reason is that when a patient comes to a doctor they
             | will say they have a pain in their left side, without
             | further qualification. So it makes sense to center the
             | entire terminology around that situation. Otherwise doctors
             | would constantly be having to do error-prone conversions.
        
               | kqr wrote:
               | Well, that and also doctors can walk around patients they
               | are examining, e.g. auscultation of the lungs on the
               | back.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | Doctors examine patients?
               | 
               | I thought they just sent them to radiology?
        
           | beefield wrote:
           | I think the principle is pretty pervasive also outside
           | medicals. I do not recall anyone ever refer to my left hand
           | as right hand (other than maybe by mistake), regardless how
           | they are oriented around me.
        
           | kgwgk wrote:
           | After all, doctors are humans and also have a body. It would
           | be strange for them to write books saying that the heart is
           | [#] on the right side when they have it on their left, etc.
           | 
           | [%] usually, because this is HN
        
         | tareqak wrote:
         | Would using the phrases "patient-left" and "patient-right"
         | improve outcomes in the case of operating on the wrong side of
         | the body?
        
         | yafbum wrote:
         | In medicine there is one obviously very important perspective,
         | and in theatre two. But mariners still need words for relative
         | left and right directions all around them, like "the preferred
         | channel is to the left of the buoy" (the channel and the buoy
         | don't have port or starboard sides, and it wouldn't be useful
         | to communicate about their relative angle as seen by the boat's
         | crew).
        
           | manarth wrote:
           | > the channel and the buoy don't have port or starboard sides
           | 
           | In the context of a channel, the buoys (marks) are coded port
           | and starboard, coloured red and green, and shaped like a can
           | or a cone respectively.
           | 
           | When navigating a channel into harbour, the port marks are
           | left to the port of the ship, and the starboard marks to
           | starboard.
        
             | roelschroeven wrote:
             | But be careful, because there are two configurations for
             | lateral marks, called Region A and Region B, as defined by
             | IALA.
             | 
             | In Region A (Europe, Greenland, Africa, most of Asia, most
             | of Oceania) port marks are red and starboard marks are
             | green.
             | 
             | In Region B (North and South America, Japan, South Korea,
             | Philippines, Taiwan) port marks are green and starboard
             | marks are red.
        
             | midasuni wrote:
             | Red right returning
        
               | manarth wrote:
               | A nice, solid, memorable rule, which works all the time.
               | Just like "I before E except after C".
               | 
               | Except when weird species seize their feisty foreign
               | neighbours.
        
           | mhandley wrote:
           | >like "the preferred channel is to the left of the buoy"
           | 
           | While this is true, we (at least in England) would normally
           | say "leave the buoy to starboard" (though when racing we'd
           | call it a 'mark' rather than a buoy). Perhaps it's habit, I'm
           | not sure, but it's generally unambiguous.
        
             | yafbum wrote:
             | Same in the US. But only if you were actually going there,
             | not if you're just describing what's around you!
        
         | qwertox wrote:
         | > in medical school is that left/right always refer to the
         | patient's perspective.
         | 
         | What if the patient lies on his back vs on his stomach?
         | Theoretically this should then revert left and right in
         | addition to how the doctors are facing the patient, from their
         | point of view.
        
           | adql wrote:
           | Your left hand doesn't turn into your right hand if you lie
           | on the bed different way
        
             | qwertox wrote:
             | I am aware of this. But oftentimes patients are completely
             | covered by a green blanked with the exception of a small
             | space of skin. I just thought that this could cause some
             | confusion.
        
           | bearmode wrote:
           | The patient's left and patient's right are always going to be
           | the same, regardless of which way the patient is facing.
           | It'll change it from the doctor's perspective, but that's
           | irrelevant since you're only looking at it from the
           | patient's.
        
         | ioseph wrote:
         | Some medical terms become hugely helpful when receiving a
         | massage: "more medial, more lateral"
        
         | azepoi wrote:
         | In french theatre has specific words for left and right. Cote
         | cour et Cote jardin. Courtside and garden side.
         | 
         | In geography left and right banks of a river are always in the
         | direction of the flow
        
           | dotancohen wrote:
           | > In geography left and right banks of a river are always in
           | the direction of the flow
           | 
           | Isn't there some river where the flow goes either way
           | depending on tide? I'm thinking it might be in Alaska, but
           | there might be more than one.
        
             | hutzlibu wrote:
             | There are surely more than one, but this happens only close
             | to the sea and the general flow of the river is still into
             | the sea.
        
               | saalweachter wrote:
               | The Hudson River is tidal up past Poughkeepsie.
        
               | jefftk wrote:
               | Farther than that! It's tidal past _Albany_ and only
               | fully stops at the dam in Troy.
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_River
        
             | seszett wrote:
             | Even where it happens (it's common, the cases I know
             | personally are Nantes or Antwerp) it's still obvious which
             | side is right and which side is left, it's simply according
             | to the main flow of the river.
             | 
             | Although in this instance, I think it's more common to talk
             | about north/island/south in Nantes rather than left/right
             | banks. While Antwerp's part on the left bank is literally
             | called "left bank" (Linkeroever).
        
             | Steve44 wrote:
             | The Thames is tidal in London so the water does 'flow' both
             | ways, but I'm fairly sure you'd say it flows towards the
             | river but London is on a tidal section.
        
             | Someone wrote:
             | Tides coming in is normal, but there are rivers that change
             | direction for other reasons. The Chicago River and the
             | Mississippi can change direction due to storm surges, for
             | example (for the Chicago River, that temporarily returns it
             | to its flow direction, into Lake Michigan
             | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_River#Course))
             | 
             | A better example is
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonl%C3%A9_Sap#Geography:
             | 
             |  _"As the monsoon rain begins, the water level of the river
             | begins to rise. As the water level continues to rise, the
             | flow of the river reverses. The water level of the Tonle
             | Sap increases by about 10 metres (33 ft), the flow of the
             | Mekong gradually decreases at the end of the rainy season,
             | and the flow of the Tonle Sap then reverses and began to
             | replenish the flow of the Mekong."_
        
           | alexchamberlain wrote:
           | When kayaking, I'd have referred to the banks as "river left"
           | and "river right" to mean the same thing.
        
           | compiler-guy wrote:
           | Which makes for some very confusing situations when the river
           | is twisty. There are different places in New Orleans where
           | the West Bank is south of you, west of you, and east of you.
        
             | dmurray wrote:
             | That's exactly because they didn't follow the convention.
             | If they called it the Right Bank, it would always be clear
             | which side that was if you could identify the flow of the
             | river.
        
             | public_defender wrote:
             | Ironically that city's four cardinal directions of
             | "Uptown," "Downtown," "Lakeside," and "Riverside" are
             | completely unambiguous.
        
           | batiudrami wrote:
           | Rail uses "up" and "down main" where up is in the direction
           | of the port or main terminus.
        
             | iggldiggl wrote:
             | In Germany it's just direction "a" (kilometrage increasing)
             | and direction "b" (kilometrage decreasing), though I think
             | that usage isn't quite as prominent as Up/Down is in the UK
             | and UK-influenced countries. In Romania AFAIK they're
             | calling them direction "X" and direction "Y" instead.
        
           | denton-scratch wrote:
           | In one of Tim Snyders Yale lectures on Ukrainian history,
           | goes overboard about the left bank/right bank in respect of
           | the Dniepro. The river runs north to south, so the right bank
           | is basically the west. I strongly suspect he has trouble
           | telling his left from his right; I've read an essay in which
           | there is a map with a small patch of Russia (coloured red) in
           | the bottom-left, but the caption says it's bottom-right.
           | 
           | I suspect the reason he made a meal of this subject (and the
           | reason he insists on using the left/right terminology) is
           | because he finds it challenging.
           | 
           | I learned it with the Seine, in Paris: the left bank is to
           | the south of the right bank. It's also where the bulk of the
           | 1968 political protest happened; the protestors were
           | leftists. The Seine generally flows south to north, emptying
           | into the English Channel.
        
         | jimmySixDOF wrote:
         | I remember some time ago Cisco Nexus equipment that had
         | different catalog definitions in the NX series
         | (2000/5000/7000/9000) of the Air Intake definitions of where
         | the "Front" was in a Front to Back fan setup. You literally had
         | to order skus with conflicting descriptions if you wanted a
         | consistent system.
        
         | kuon wrote:
         | In french, on stage, it's "cour" (stage left) and "jardin"
         | (stage right), meanings yard and garden.
        
         | butterknife wrote:
         | We also use "house left/house right" to describe the audience
         | perspective.
        
         | niccl wrote:
         | And sometimes you get Prompt Side and Opposite Prompt, which
         | are _usually_ stage left and stage right respectively, but it
         | depends on the theatre, with some having the prompt on the
         | stage right.
        
         | jjav wrote:
         | > Though that's far from the only case where there's a special
         | word for something on a boat.
         | 
         | Understatement of the week... pretty much everything on a boat
         | has a different word for it. Often for practical reasons,
         | sometimes purely traditional reasons. It is nice because it
         | binds one to nautical tradition leading back
         | centuries/millenia.
        
           | petersellers wrote:
           | It's also pretty cool that a ton of sailing vocabulary has
           | made its way into common English vernacular. I guess with the
           | UK being the most powerful country in the world at one time
           | (and projecting their power via their Navy) it's not too
           | surprising.
        
             | walthamstow wrote:
             | What are some examples? I am English but I know nothing
             | about the maritime world, so I likely know the words as
             | slang/vernacular terms but not what they mean on a ship.
        
               | tudorw wrote:
               | bow, boom, tack, hitch, tiller, helm, etc :)
        
               | endtime wrote:
               | How many of these have common non-nautical uses? I don't
               | think I ever use any of these terms, or hear anyone else
               | use them, in common speech.
        
               | jrockway wrote:
               | "at the helm" seems like common usage to me. Maybe not in
               | the top 100 idioms, but everyone knows what you mean.
               | 
               | "tiller" is just the thing that controls the position of
               | the rudder, which I think most people know about. (That
               | said, nobody in aviation calls their rudder pedals the
               | "tiller", so it might be a strictly nautical term.)
        
               | phone8675309 wrote:
               | Tiller was popular at least in the 1960s - see the Cat
               | Stevens/Yousef album "Tea for the Tillerman"
        
               | willyt wrote:
               | I think they sometimes call the thing that steers the
               | nose wheel the tiller.
        
               | jrockway wrote:
               | Yup, you're exactly right. I totally forgot about that.
               | Thinking about it more, the rudder and tiller might be
               | different things on ships too; I think a rudder you turn
               | right to go right, and a tiller you turn left to go
               | right, because of where the pivot point is?
               | 
               | It's a good thing I'm not at the helm ;)
        
               | xfz wrote:
               | Generally agree although there's a case for "taking a
               | different tack".
        
               | dagw wrote:
               | I hear people use "at the helm" and "change tack" to mean
               | being in charge of something and changing direction or
               | approach, respectively. People also "hitch themselves" to
               | things, although I'm not sure that comes directly from
               | the nautical usage.
        
               | almostarockstar wrote:
               | A "hitch" knot is typically used to fasten around a fixed
               | object. So you might use a hitch to tie the boat to the
               | shore, or tie a line around a wooden (or these days
               | aluminium or carbon fibre) boom. I'm not sure if it's
               | purely nautical.
        
               | PJ_Maybe wrote:
               | One I like is the phrase "the tell-tale signs", which
               | refers to a sailing boat's tell-tales. These are small
               | strings attached to the sails to indicate if the sail
               | needs to be trimmed for optimal performance.
        
               | carlmr wrote:
               | I always just imagined that it was signs that tell a
               | tale. And the online etymology dictionary seems to
               | confirm that.
               | 
               | https://www.etymonline.com/word/telltale
               | 
               | >also tell-tale, "discloser of secrets," 1540s, from tell
               | (v.) + tale. As an adjective from 1590s. Phrase tell a
               | tale "relate a false or exaggerated story" is from late
               | 13c.
               | 
               | Is it maybe that the nautical term comes from plain
               | English?
        
               | Digit-Al wrote:
               | Quite a lot of folk etymology tries to, incorrectly,
               | assign nautical origins to common words and phrases. I
               | used to read a column by an etymologist that jokingly
               | referred to this using the term CANOE - the Committee to
               | Assign a Nautical Origin to Everything :-)
        
               | TacticalCoder wrote:
               | I'll go with "anchor".
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | To rig something up, to go overboard, to leave something
               | in your wake.
        
               | rapnie wrote:
               | Let's go full steam ahead, and dredge up some more.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | > _steam_
               | 
               | That's the hallmark of industrialization, right there :).
               | 
               | In case anyone thinks the important bits stopped at the
               | age of sail.
        
               | chii wrote:
               | It's interesting that farming/agriculture and sailing
               | both have left the legacy of their words into the
               | language. It goes to show how important these industries
               | are to civilization.
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | The sheer number of people (thinking particularly
               | historically, pre-industrialisation) involved in them I
               | suppose.
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | The most important ones? Without internet we could live a
               | cushy little 20th century existance.
               | 
               | Without farming/sailing we'd go 20000 years back
        
               | nostromo wrote:
               | A toilet on a boat is called a head because it was
               | historically placed at the front of the boat.
               | 
               | You'll still hear folks say "hit the head" referring to
               | using the restroom.
        
               | Macha wrote:
               | Regional usage maybe? Never heard that expression in my
               | life
        
               | gerad wrote:
               | And it was put at the front of the boat because that was
               | downwind of everything else on a wind powered boat.
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | I'm not sure that is true, sure the tacking angle of old
               | boat was nowhere close to modern boats, but I would be
               | surprised if they couldnt sail up wind.
        
               | sergiosgc wrote:
               | You never sail at 0 degrees upwind. When going upwind,
               | the angle is about 30 degrees minimum. Closer than that
               | and you can't inflate the main sail, thus get no power.
               | 
               | 30 degrees should be enough to prevent toxic hazards.
               | Sitting on the head on a tilting ship, during upwind
               | sailing, is prone to other hazards though.
        
               | pmontra wrote:
               | To go upwind you need a keel (viking ships did) or
               | something that prevents the wind to push the ship away
               | [1]. Sailing against the wind was very important for
               | battle ships. What we have now compared to them is better
               | materials and centuries of improved design which turned
               | into tacking closer to the wind and much better
               | maneuverability. We can change direction in a very short
               | space. However our sailing boats are much smaller, closer
               | to the viking ships than to the galleons [2]
               | 
               | [1]
               | https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/56264/when-
               | did-h...
               | 
               | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galleon
        
               | nicky0 wrote:
               | Have a read (or listen to the brilliantly read audiobook)
               | of Master and Commander, and the subsequent series of
               | novels by Patrick O'Brien. Apart from being entertaining
               | historical novels, you learn a lot about naval life and
               | terminology. Reading them I am struck by just how much
               | nautical lingo made its way into common English usage.
        
               | bouvin wrote:
               | Having read the _excellent_ series in English, it was
               | amusing for me to see the movie in a Danish cinema, where
               | the incomprehensible English maritime jargon was
               | translated to incomprehensible Danish maritime jargon.
        
               | aequitas wrote:
               | I'd also recommend watching The Terror (season 1) and
               | play Return of the Obra Dinn. Though both contain fantasy
               | elements, there's lots of nautical lore to be found.
        
               | drpixie wrote:
               | And if you like the O'Brien books, read the C.S. Forester
               | "Horatio Hornblower" books - historically & nautically
               | accurate and very readable.
        
               | chongli wrote:
               | 3 sheets to the wind -- meaning drunk -- comes from
               | sailing. A sheet is a rope used to control a sail. Sheets
               | that are "to the wind" are loose (rather than tied down)
               | so a ship with 3 sheets to the wind is going to be
               | completely out of control and at the mercy of the wind,
               | wandering all over the sea like a drunk person!
        
               | swiftcoder wrote:
               | https://www.boatsafe.com/easy-guide-talking-salty/
        
               | almostarockstar wrote:
               | Leeway: The "lee" is the area downwind of a vessel. A
               | lee-shore is a shoreline that the wind blows on to, as
               | opposed to a windward shore that the wind blows off. To
               | give leeway is to allow enough room for a vessel to be
               | blown off course by the wind and avoid danger.
               | 
               | Rig (noun): The mast and supporting stays on a boat. (oil
               | rigs, "big rig" come from this I think).
               | 
               | Rig (verb): To put the sails up and tie on the sheets and
               | other lines that control sails. ("Let's rig this up." ==
               | "Let's set this up.")
               | 
               | Posh (my favourite, though I doubt it's actually true):
               | Port Out Starboard Home. When travelling from England to
               | India around the tip of Africa, it was favourable to have
               | a cabin on the port side on the way to India and
               | starboard on the way back as it would be in the shade
               | most of the time and a little cooler in the sun, with a
               | view of the land.
               | 
               | See also: Change tack / try a different tack, right the
               | ship, stay the course, (to be) swamped, "At a rate of
               | knots" (very fast), keep an even keel, keel over.
        
               | blackshaw wrote:
               | The "posh" one is commonly repeated, but there's no
               | evidence it's true:
               | https://www.etymonline.com/word/posh#etymonline_v_18515
        
               | unwind wrote:
               | That is pretty cool!
               | 
               | Swedish (also picking a lot from German, of course) has
               | the same word ("la", and no I'm not going to try to
               | describe the pronunciation) but our usage is wider in
               | scope. In Swedish la is simply "out of the wind", and not
               | restricted to use onboard a vessel. Cool, didn't know
               | that about English.
        
               | ttepasse wrote:
               | I too doubt the posh etymology: If you're sailing around
               | the cape by definition you will have crossed the equator
               | twice, meaning your calculation of the sun positions will
               | change. Acronyms pronounces as words seem more a modern
               | 20th century thing.
               | 
               | Wiktionary talks about posh coming from the Romani
               | language, meaning half, in monetary terms, as in half a
               | crown. Seems believable to me, a lot of modern terms come
               | from traveller's languages and argots and such. See also
               | tory and whig.
        
               | Dobbs wrote:
               | Leeway is another common one.
        
               | jjav wrote:
               | > What are some examples?
               | 
               | We're going to need some leeway on the requirements for
               | this project in order to finish on schedule otherwise
               | we'll have to change tacks on the plan.
        
               | Steve44 wrote:
               | You could start by learning the ropes.
        
               | munificent wrote:
               | A truly huge number of nautical terms have entered normal
               | parlance. Some are so deeply engrained that we don't even
               | realize they were originally nautical metaphors.
               | Examples:
               | 
               | * Taken aback
               | 
               | * Above board
               | 
               | * Adrift or at sea
               | 
               | * Afloat versus underwater
               | 
               | * Ahead
               | 
               | * All hands
               | 
               | * Anchored
               | 
               | * Awash
               | 
               | * Batten down the hatches
               | 
               | * Bitter end
               | 
               | * Boiler room
               | 
               | * Buoyed up
               | 
               | * By and large
               | 
               | I stopped after B. Also, "cut of your jib", of course.
        
               | closewith wrote:
               | If your code is anything like mine, it might be junk, a
               | term for worn rope.
        
               | QuantumYeti wrote:
               | "by and large" and "taken aback" are another couple
               | examples.
        
               | mjlee wrote:
               | There are some we use in tech every day. The word log (as
               | in logbook/log file) comes from a literal log that was
               | thrown overboard to estimate the speed of the ship for
               | navigation.
               | 
               | After that, there's some fun slang that's nautical.
               | Chockablock comes from the blocks (pulleys) getting
               | jammed on each other when multiple ropes are being worked
               | on. "Not enough room to swing a cat" refers to the Cat o'
               | Nine Tails which was a whip used for punishment on board
               | ships.
               | 
               | Of course, I'm not even including the influx from
               | containerisation! Helm, tiller, etc. etc.
        
               | yobbo wrote:
               | Not quite; see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chip_log
               | 
               | Not obvious what it originally meant.
        
               | chewxy wrote:
               | In Malaysian/Singaporean English there's a term: gostan
               | (read "go stun"), which means to reverse. I was curious
               | about it's etymology and went to research it. It came
               | from "go astern", with "astern" being the back of a ship.
               | I imagine this must be a phrase the English speaking
               | colonists must have used quite a lot in the 17th century
        
           | bottled_poe wrote:
           | This reminds me of the design of aircraft cockpits. Controls
           | are deliberately designed to look and feel different so they
           | cannot be easily confused (in itself a lesson for UI/UX
           | design) - something which has caused aviation incidents in
           | aircraft which have had consistently designed controls.
        
           | narrator wrote:
           | One interesting thing about middle ages technologies, like
           | boats, is that the words in the different romance languages
           | for things invented in this era are very different from each
           | other. For example, in Spanish boat words like port and
           | starboard are totally different[1]. Other examples of middle
           | ages words that are very different: windmill = molino,
           | wheelbarrow = carretilla.
           | 
           | Words that refer to older things have more latin roots and
           | are thus similar. Very newly created words also are similar
           | because of all the english loan words. E.g computer= la
           | computadora.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.spanish.academy/blog/the-ultimate-guide-to-
           | nauti...
        
             | loloquwowndueo wrote:
             | However in peninsular Spanish, computer = ordenador, the
             | loan word is the French "ordinateur".
        
             | ekianjo wrote:
             | Mexican spanish should not be the reference for what is
             | said in spanish
        
               | aae42 wrote:
               | Why not?
               | 
               | https://www.statista.com/statistics/991020/number-native-
               | spa...
        
               | ekianjo wrote:
               | because numbers don't matter. Just like Quebecois would
               | not be the reference for the French language, even if it
               | somehow outgrew the French speaking population in France
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | Mexico & USA, language taking over buddies. We just need
               | to grow Quebec, so we can get the full set over here.
               | Long way to go, though...
        
             | pmontra wrote:
             | Molino is mulino in Italian. Ancient Greek and Latin had
             | similar words starting with mol-. Given the importance of
             | that technology I'm not surprised that the word didn't
             | change much. English' mill is also close to the romance
             | languages. [1]
             | 
             | Port and starboard used to be "babordo" and "tribordo" in
             | Italian but they were replaced by "sinistra" (the very word
             | used to say "left") and "dritta".
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mill#Etymology_1
        
               | anthk wrote:
               | Babor y estribor in Spanish. In Spanish we used to say
               | "siniestra", now we say "izquierda", a loanword from
               | Basque 'ezkerra'.
        
               | kwhitefoot wrote:
               | Babord is port in Norwegian. But starboard is styrbord
               | which makes a lot of sense because the steering board, or
               | oar, is on the steersman's right side.
        
               | ekianjo wrote:
               | Babord is also used in French
        
               | stefncb wrote:
               | We use "tribord" and "babord" in romanian.
        
               | oesexe wrote:
               | Danish as well. I didn't see it mentioned, so I will add:
               | that back then, a ship could not moor along the key on
               | starboard/styrbord side. So it had to be the other side:
               | hence the English port side.
        
             | loloquwowndueo wrote:
             | Cheese is an interesting one - I would expect Spanish to
             | share the word with French and Italian but it's actually
             | closer to English and Dutch.
             | 
             | French fromage Italian formagio
             | 
             | Spanish queso English cheese Dutch kaas
             | 
             | Languages are so weird :)
        
               | dendriti wrote:
               | This tracks, actually - Spain (or Spanish monarchs) ruled
               | the Netherlands for over 170 years.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | That doesn't appear to be related. The word is not
               | Germanic; Spanish is using the word it inherited from
               | Latin, while English and Dutch are using the same word,
               | borrowed from Latin.
               | 
               | In other words, the reason that Spanish is similar to
               | English/Dutch here is that they borrowed the Spanish
               | word, becoming more like Spanish. The reason Italian and
               | French _aren 't_ similar to Spanish is that they changed
               | while Spanish didn't.
        
               | marvin wrote:
               | In the case of cheese, I've had a long-running discussion
               | with French extended family regarding exactly what the
               | words refer to. Norwegian 'cheese' = 'ost', and we refer
               | to the brown cheese produced by boiling and solidifying
               | the left-over whey fluid from cheese production as
               | 'brunost'; 'brown cheese'. This product is important in
               | cultures where food security and calories are held at a
               | premium.
               | 
               | My French relatives however, insist that this is not real
               | cheese, as it is not fermented. But the Norwegian
               | language has no such distinction -- the 'brunost' is an
               | instance of 'mysost'; 'cheese produced from whey'. This
               | is no less real cheese than the one you ferment from
               | caseine.
               | 
               | This naturally led me down a rabbit hole of etymological
               | investigation.
               | 
               | The best conclusion I've reached so far, is that the
               | Germanic words stemming from 'kase', referring to
               | caseine, naturally refer to cheeses that would mostly be
               | fermented, as this is what happens with the solid caseine
               | when you leave it around for a bit. Whereas Norwegian
               | 'ost', stemming from 'yste', the verb for separating the
               | caseine from the whey, makes no such distinction.
               | 
               | And ironically, the Latin-stemming words 'fromage',
               | 'formagio', stem from Latin 'formicum'; something that is
               | cast in a form. Having _nothing at all_ to do with
               | fermentation or even milk!
               | 
               | There are two conclusions here, one being that the
               | dictionary translation of words does not capture
               | somewhat-subtle but sometimes important distinctions
               | between words.
               | 
               | The second conclusion is that my French relatives are
               | _wrong_ and brown cheese is in fact fromage. But not
               | cheese, I will concede as much.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > the Germanic words stemming from 'kase', referring to
               | caseine
               | 
               | Casein was not discovered before cheese was. 'kase'
               | doesn't refer to casein. Casein, the family of proteins,
               | is named after cheese, the milk product consisting in
               | large part of those proteins.
               | 
               | And 'kase' is not a Germanic root. _Fromage_ descends
               | from the Latin word for  "shape". 'kase' descends from
               | the Latin word for "cheese".
               | 
               | > There are two conclusions here, one being that the
               | dictionary translation of words does not capture
               | somewhat-subtle but sometimes important distinctions
               | between words.
               | 
               | This isn't right either. Tin soldiers must be cast, but
               | they are obviously not cheese, and therefore they are
               | also not fromage. The etymology of the word tells you
               | nothing about its meaning.
               | 
               | (The conclusion is fine, but drawing it from this
               | evidence is not -- if you translate French _fromage_ as
               | "cheese", you're not missing any subtle distinctions. It
               | means cheese.)
        
               | soylentcola wrote:
               | Is this why cheese (I believe via Roman Latin) is also
               | 'cacio'?
               | 
               | I'm only familiar due to 'cacio a pepe'.
        
               | marvin wrote:
               | Do you have references for the last of your claims? I
               | thought I did a reasonably exhaustive search for a
               | layperson, but the sources I found could certainly be
               | wrong. My hobby searches in this area have led me to
               | conclude that etymology isn't a hard science, and
               | ultimately one will arrive at someone's qualified opinion
               | about something.
               | 
               | The relation between 'kase' and casein is very fair;
               | cheese production obviously predates protein chemistry. I
               | guess what I was trying to say was that the words are
               | related, but if 'kase' derives from Latin for 'cheese',
               | the rabbit hole continues. Why does the French word
               | derive from shape, if the Romans already had a word for
               | cheese? And what did their definition of cheese include?
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > Why does the French word derive from shape, if the
               | Romans already had a word for cheese?
               | 
               | This is not a question that it's possible to answer.
               | Languages change.
               | 
               | Why is the modern English term _dog_ , a word of no known
               | origin, instead of the native (still extant, but not
               | really alive) term _hound_?
               | 
               | > Do you have references for the last of your claims? I
               | thought I did a reasonably exhaustive search for a
               | layperson, but the sources I found could certainly be
               | wrong.
               | 
               | Assuming you're referring to the claim that the English
               | word "cheese" (and the similar terms in other Germanic
               | languages) is derived from an ancient borrowing of the
               | Latin word _caseus_ , meaning "cheese", I was not able to
               | find any source that didn't confirm it. Wiktionary will
               | tell you this. etymonline will tell you this. The OED
               | will also tell you this:
               | 
               | > Forms: 1 cese, cyse, 2 cease, caese, 5 schese, 6
               | chease, cheise, chiese, ches, 2-6 chese, 4, 6- cheese.
               | [OE. (Anglian) _cese_ , (WSax.) * _ciese_ , _cyse_ (with
               | i- umlaut from _ceasi_ , _caesi_ ) = OHG. _chasi_ (MHG.
               | _kaese_ , Ger. _kase_ ), OLG. _kasi_ , _kesi_ (MDu.
               | _kase_ , Du. _kaas_ ):--WGer. * _kasi_ , ad. L. _case-us_
               | cheese (bef. 5th c.).]
               | 
               | Where were you checking that didn't say this?
               | 
               | If you want a reference to the fact that the Latin word
               | _caseus_ means  "cheese", try here: https://www.perseus.t
               | ufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext...
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | > _the dictionary translation of words does not capture
               | somewhat-subtle but sometimes important distinctions
               | between words_
               | 
               | Good point. I have yet to see a dictionary that also
               | provides delineation with similar-but-different words and
               | describes the differences.
               | 
               | That'd be very useful for language learners, as
               | colloquial use often eschews definition in favor of
               | socially common convention. I.e. "That word does mean
               | that, but you would never use it in that way"
        
             | mejutoco wrote:
             | In Spain the computer is el ordenador. Port and starboard
             | are babor y estribor (similar to French).
             | 
             | I think it is more about who introduced these words.
             | Etymology is fascinating.
        
               | mattigames wrote:
               | In the 90s in Colombia (perhaps all LATAM) we used
               | "ordenador" but quickly fell out of use in favor of
               | "computador", now only few old people occasionally call
               | it "ordenador" in this country.
        
             | copperx wrote:
             | Really? in French, starboard is tribord, and in Spanish,
             | it's estribor. Port is babord, and in Spanish, it's babor.
             | 
             | How are they different?
        
             | russellbeattie wrote:
             | In Spain a computer is an ordenador. Spaniards hate
             | anglicisms. Car is coche, not carro, email is correo
             | electronico, zipper is cremallera. Lots of others.
        
               | anthk wrote:
               | We use email too in Spain. It's shorter. And parking
               | instead of "estacionamiento".
               | 
               | Also, we used to use computador/computadora in the old
               | times (60's/70's).
        
               | ekianjo wrote:
               | Is carro used more in Mexico then ?
        
               | qtzfz wrote:
               | Carro is not used in Spain at all.
        
               | anthk wrote:
               | It's used, but for the old ones with horses.
        
               | el-salvador wrote:
               | > It's used, but for the old ones with horses.
               | 
               | This was new for me.
               | 
               | The Spanish words carro, carreta, coche, carretilla,
               | carrito all mean "something that has wheels on it", but
               | the meaning keeps changing between car, horse drawn
               | carriage, baby stroller, shopping cart, horse drawn cart
               | or toy car between countries.
               | 
               | Fortunately it's easy to figure out from context and
               | doesn't have possible misunderstandings as the Spanish
               | word for straw.
        
               | jjav wrote:
               | > Fortunately it's easy to figure out from context and
               | doesn't have possible misunderstandings as the Spanish
               | word for straw.
               | 
               | What/where are the misunderstandings for sorbeto?
        
               | anthk wrote:
               | [dead]
        
               | qtzfz wrote:
               | [dead]
        
               | el-salvador wrote:
               | https://www.speakinglatino.com/spanish-language-words-
               | for-dr...
        
               | qtzfz wrote:
               | Exactly, but don't ask Manolo Escobar about it, since
               | it's somewhat of a sensitive issue for him.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | Similar for computadora (rather than ordenador) in Latin
               | America:
               | 
               | https://www.woodwardspanish.com/how-to-say-computer-
               | spanish-...
        
               | loloquwowndueo wrote:
               | Lots more Galicisms in Spain for sure :) probably easier
               | to share words when you also share a land border.
        
               | TRiG_Ireland wrote:
               | Do Spanish-speaking and French-speaking areas actually
               | share a border? I thought there was a buffer zone of
               | Catalan and Basque. I'll need to check a map.
               | 
               | On checking, it looks like there is a short (but very
               | mountainous) border: https://maps-spain.com/maps-spain-
               | geography/spain-language-m...
        
               | qtzfz wrote:
               | Don't be mislead by that map, everybody in those regions
               | that say "Basque" or "Catalan" know Spanish perfectly
               | well.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | TRiG_Ireland wrote:
               | English car comes from Latin, actually, but Latin picked
               | it up from Celtic (cf. Breton karr).
               | 
               | https://www.etymonline.com/word/car
        
               | xxs wrote:
               | >ordenador
               | 
               | you mean unlike French?
        
             | jjav wrote:
             | > in Spanish boat words like port and starboard are totally
             | different
             | 
             | Indeed. Spanish is my native language but I learned sailing
             | in the US so my nautical vocabulary is all in English. I
             | feel completely illiterate on a Spanish speaking boat.
        
             | denton-scratch wrote:
             | > windmill = molino
             | 
             | I don't know Spanish, but "molino" looks like French
             | "moulin", which is a mill; a windmill is "moulin a vent".
             | 
             | So I reckon "very different" is an exaggeration.
        
               | ivanhoe wrote:
               | and Italian "il mulino"... it all comes from Latin
               | "molinum" for the mill (and "mola" for the grind stone
               | used in mills)
        
               | yobbo wrote:
               | The name of Thor's hammer "mjolnir" (as english speakers
               | would see it) did not come through latin though, so the
               | version of the word in germanic languages was inherited
               | independently.
               | 
               | "Mjolnir" means something like "crusher" and the noun
               | "mjol" (flour) means "having been ground up". For
               | example, it can be combined as vetemjol (wheat flour) or
               | stenmjol (ground stone or stone powder).
        
               | denton-scratch wrote:
               | > the noun "mjol" (flour) means "having been ground up"
               | 
               | Ah - "mjol" as flour must be cognate with "meal". I
               | hadn't previously associated meal with mills, but it
               | makes sense.
        
               | hnbad wrote:
               | As another data point: meal/flour is "Mehl" in German.
               | Mehl/meal is milled in a Muhle/mill.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | Meal appears to be a cognate of Old Norse "mal" ("mal",
               | "maltid" - meal, meal time - in modern Norwegian) rather
               | than mjol. Compare also Mehl (flour) vs Mahl (meal) in
               | German.
        
               | NeoTar wrote:
               | An in German - Muhle... in fact the English Mill is
               | pretty close too!
        
               | stratosgear wrote:
               | And in Greek: mulos. With latin characters: milos. So it
               | seems the root of the word is the same...
        
               | pezezin wrote:
               | Yes, "molino" is just mill. Windmill would be "molino de
               | viento" and watermill "molino de agua".
        
               | roveo wrote:
               | I imagine this word should be of Indoeuropean origin,
               | Eastern Slav words for a mill also contain m-l-n (e.g.
               | melnitsa).
               | 
               | Modern English lost the "n" part, but it was present in
               | Middle English, milne.
        
               | ivanhoe wrote:
               | yes, it's "mlin" or "mlyn" in a number of Slavic
               | languages, and I just looked up it's etymology in Serbian
               | and the book says it comes from old slavic "m'lin'" which
               | they say comes from the Latin root "molinum"
        
             | pantulis wrote:
             | Just a point, "starboard" sounds pretty similar to
             | "estribor".
        
         | mudita wrote:
         | The German theatre world developed the opposite convention,
         | "Buhne links" (literally "stage left") means left from the
         | perspective of the audience.
         | 
         | I don't know so much about the theatre world, I'm a
         | professional dancer, but at least the dance scene is
         | increasingly international, switching fluently between English
         | or German depending on the people present; some people learned
         | the English/international convention, some - especially older -
         | directors know mainly the German convention, some people are
         | not aware that there are different conventions in English and
         | German and the result is complete chaos.
        
         | blantonl wrote:
         | Some other persepctives:
         | 
         | "Skier's left/right" for snow skiing. Ambiguity arises when
         | looking uphill or downhill.
         | 
         | When riding on a float in Mardi Gras in New Orleans. You might
         | be on the "driver's side" or "passenger's side". You could also
         | be on the neutral ground side (left) or the other side. Or the
         | rider could be on the "lake side" (left) or the river side
         | (right). Parades run South to North and the Mississippi River
         | would be on the rider's right and Lake Pontchartrain on the
         | left.
         | 
         | Aviation uses a clock face (traffic is at your 2'oclock,
         | northbound) to reference traffic at the pilot's right / front.
        
           | q1w2 wrote:
           | Another is the right/left bank of a river always refers to
           | the perspective of the water flowing/facing downstream.
        
           | xpe wrote:
           | > "Skier's left/right" for snow skiing. Ambiguity arises when
           | looking uphill or downhill.
           | 
           | But what about "snowboarder's left"... sounds a lot like
           | "starboard's left" at which everybody on the fake ski slope
           | on the cruise ship gets incredibly confused? We have to drive
           | out all ambiguity here, or people are doing to die.
        
         | wlonkly wrote:
         | > The theatrical world takes an intermediate approach, where
         | they use the terms "stage left / stage right",
         | 
         | The opposite of that, rarely used but still out there, is house
         | left/house right.
        
         | dsego wrote:
         | Afaik, this is not the case in all other languages to have
         | specific nautical terms for sides. I asked a sailor friend for
         | the terminology in our language and it's just left side and
         | right side/flank, seems pretty self explanatory, by convention
         | you are orienting forwards. Like any profession though, having
         | specific terminology helps distinguish from the outside group
         | and maintain impression of expertise.
        
           | denton-scratch wrote:
           | > seems pretty self explanatory
           | 
           | On a big ship, like an aircraft carrier or cruiser, you can
           | qite easily lose track of which direction is the prow
           | (front). Many carrier crew rarely go up on deck. And if the
           | ship happens to be sailing astern, left and right become
           | ambiguous.
        
             | dsego wrote:
             | > you can qite easily lose track of which direction is the
             | prow
             | 
             | If you don't where the prow is, how do you know where
             | starboard is? I guess if the sailing direction is
             | backwards, it might be confusing if you say "to your left",
             | but if you say "left side", it should still be clear I
             | think, maybe not.
        
         | mwsfc wrote:
         | I would venture a guess the logic in some of these cases has a
         | healthy does of practical wisdom baked in. On sailing vessels
         | they are/were? chaotic, violent, noisy, and the crew perhaps
         | wasn't the most experienced/educated(?) so keeping things
         | simple with fixed names was perhaps the optimal safety solution
         | in that environment. In the medical profession it's about the
         | Hippocratic Oath (I am not a doctor), an operating room is more
         | controlled, and everyone (is usually) well trained, so maybe in
         | that environment it makes more sense to make a rule that the
         | perspective should always be the patients? Thinking out loud
         | here more than anything...
        
       | dghughes wrote:
       | It's easy to remember (if you have to) what side port is since
       | port has four letters just like left.
        
       | danielovichdk wrote:
       | If you stand with your front to the captain, you're right is his
       | left.
       | 
       | That's why.
        
       | otikik wrote:
       | My brother in law works in building airplanes. Since a lot of the
       | big pieces are mirrors of each other, the factories themselves
       | are divided into two "sides". In Spain they are called Left and
       | Right, but in the UK they use the maritime terms instead.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | foreverobama wrote:
       | [dead]
        
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