[HN Gopher] A WWII spy who hid codes in her knitting
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       A WWII spy who hid codes in her knitting
        
       Author : marymkearney
       Score  : 269 points
       Date   : 2023-04-18 12:45 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.amightygirl.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.amightygirl.com)
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | Another spy, Lord Baden Powell, hid maps of enemy installations
       | in a drawing book while pretending to be a naturalist (which he
       | was).
       | 
       | https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-founder-of-the-boy...
        
       | anigbrowl wrote:
       | Meanwhile the UK is now arresting French people who refuse to
       | share information about striking protesters in France.
       | 
       | https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/apr/18/french-publi...
        
       | tim_hutton wrote:
       | Not hidden in the knitting in the sense of the specific stitches
       | (which is also very cool:
       | https://www.popsci.com/story/diy/secret-code-messages-knitti...)
       | but it seems she needed the knitting needle to insert the one-
       | time codes (on a piece of silk) into a shoelace. Amazing story.
        
         | velavar wrote:
         | That was my first thought too. Different stitches such as knits
         | and purls could serve very well as dots and dashes. Maybe that
         | could've been too easily spotted.
        
           | i_am_jl wrote:
           | She transmitted her messages via radio, which allowed her to
           | skip the messy business of smuggling knitted intelligence out
           | of occupied France.
           | 
           | That being said, I'm 100% stealing the knitting-as-writing
           | concept for a TTRPG campaign. It's just too cool of an idea
           | to go to waste.
        
             | joycian wrote:
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quipu
        
               | i_am_jl wrote:
               | Thank you! I remember learning about this in an art
               | history class decades ago, but I'd completely forgotten
               | and I never would've remembered the name.
        
       | robga wrote:
       | The spy who didn't need to come in from the cold.
        
       | elzbardico wrote:
       | The wikipedia article mentioned by another commenter is a bit
       | drier but more informative. The knitting kit stuff is just
       | flourishing and actually was not that important. What should have
       | been emphasized is the sheer courage of a teenager being dropped
       | behind the enemy lines as a spy. Spies, moreso in a war, are
       | almost always executed, usually after a gruesome session of
       | torture to extract information.
        
         | tetris11 wrote:
         | Unrelated, but it mentions she was part of the "Scientist"
         | circuit, which was run by Andre Grandclement [0] who turned out
         | to be a double agent. Most of Latour's circuit were wiped out.
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Grandcl%C3%A9ment
        
         | packersville wrote:
         | What she endured is hard for me to comprehend. Humans like
         | Phyllis are treasures of the human capacity.
        
       | robear wrote:
       | My dad is a ham and also a weaver. He puts "May you be happy" in
       | Morse Code in the dish towels he makes.
        
       | 29athrowaway wrote:
       | Steganography is hiding information in plain sight. This is
       | knitting steganography.
        
       | kitd wrote:
       | In a similar vein, nobody would notice the old woman sitting at
       | the railway station, knitting away, waiting for a train. In fact,
       | what she was doing was including coded details into her knitting
       | of train & troop movements, to be passed onto the Resistance at
       | the end of the day.
       | 
       | Lots of brave people contributed to the war effort in
       | surreptitious ways.
        
         | nomagicbullet wrote:
         | Is this a true story? If so, do you have more details or source
         | to read about?
        
         | elzbardico wrote:
         | She was not old at that time, but a teenager, and her cover to
         | observe german positions was, according to article being an
         | itinerant seller of SOAP in a bicycle.
         | 
         | Being a young woman, according to the wikipedia, she was also
         | able to entertain conversations with the young german soldiers
         | to gather more information.
         | 
         | It looks like the knitting kit was just a clever way of having
         | a place to hide the OTP codes she used and keeping track of the
         | ones already used. Also, according to the wikipedia she was
         | once detained by the germans for interrogation, but they didn't
         | think of checking her hair tie.
         | 
         | Pretty clever IMHO, not to mention the mind-boggling level of
         | courage.
        
       | dhosek wrote:
       | Wasn't this also a plot point in _The Cryptonomicon_?
        
         | ChickeNES wrote:
         | It was in The Baroque Cycle
        
           | dhosek wrote:
           | Ah, it's been almost a couple decades since I read the books,
           | I imagine that time has smeared a lot of plot points from one
           | book to the other and back again.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | It was kinda cool that he recycled some family names between
           | the stories but fifteen years on I can't keep the two
           | straight now.
        
             | dhosek wrote:
             | It was more than just recycling--those were meant to be
             | ancestors of _Cryptonomicon_ characters (except, obviously,
             | for Enoch Root).
        
       | dylan604 wrote:
       | Through all of this, I'm still confused on how the knitting was
       | pertinent. Was she actually knitting with a morse code style
       | pattern? It sounds more like she just used the knitting as a
       | cover. If there was actual knitting, what was she knitting?
       | Scarves, hats, blankets? How did the knitted item get into hands
       | of those that needed it? Either my reading comprehension has
       | gotten so bad that this makes no sense, or some details are sadly
       | left out of the story and from links within the comments here.
        
         | i_am_jl wrote:
         | It wasn't "hidden in knitting", and it's not just you, the
         | title is terrible.
         | 
         | She used a knitting needle to insert a silk cypher sheet into a
         | shoelace, which she used to tie her hair. Since the knitting
         | needle was necessary to stash the rolled up sheet of silk in
         | the shoelace, she'd carry her knitting as cover.
        
       | aaron695 wrote:
       | Better article, scroll down to the "From the Archives - Interview
       | with Pippa from 2009" -
       | 
       | https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/63516307/pippas-astonishing...
       | 
       | "Germany was far more advanced with their DF (direction finding
       | or radio detecting apparatus) than the Allies. They were about an
       | hour and a half behind me each time I transmitted. Each message
       | might take me about half an hour so I didn't have much time. It
       | was an awful problem for me so I had to ask for one of the three
       | DF near me to be taken out. They threw a grenade at it.
       | 
       | A German woman and two small children died. I knew I was
       | responsible for their deaths. It was a horrible feeling."
       | 
       | Leo Marks - "Between Silk and Cyanide: A Codemaker's War,
       | 1941-1945" -
       | 
       | "Clearly disappointed that he couldn't see a problem, he said
       | that silk codes could easily be camouflaged in toothpaste tubes
       | with special compartments, in shoelaces with soft tubes inside,
       | and in an infinite number of conventional objects which would
       | certainly stand up to random street searches, and might even be
       | safe under close examination"
        
         | robocat wrote:
         | The article does contain good details:                 With
         | just one blue cotton dress to her name she pedalled around the
         | countryside selling soap to mostly German soldiers, crossing
         | fields on foot to where she had hidden another bicycle. The
         | Gestapo and SS were everywhere. And to add to the confusion and
         | danger a double agent was working in the area. The SOE
         | operative was friendly and talkative whenever she met German
         | soldiers - "I'd talk so much about anything and everything,
         | trying to be 'helpful' and they'd get sick of me" - and was
         | constantly moving through the countryside where she was
         | transmitting the information so urgently needed by the Allied
         | Command.            "I always carried knitting because my codes
         | were on a piece of silk - I had about 2000 I could use. When I
         | used a code I would just pinprick it to indicate it had gone. I
         | wrapped the piece of silk around a knitting needle and put it
         | in a flat shoe lace which I used to tie my hair up."
         | Once she was loaded into a truck along with other locals and
         | taken to the police station for questioning. "I can remember
         | being taken to the station and a female soldier made us take
         | our clothes off to see if we were hiding anything. She was
         | looking suspiciously at my hair so I just pulled my lace off
         | and shook my head. That seemed to satisfy her. I tied my hair
         | back up with the lace- it was a nerve-wracking moment."
        
       | intrasight wrote:
       | Last week's episode of "Patented" discussed the use of sink for
       | escape maps given to British soldiers in WWII. Check out the
       | detail of those maps!
       | 
       | https://macclesfieldmuseums.co.uk/wwii-silk-escape-maps
       | 
       | And of course this HN post needs a reference to Neal Stephenson's
       | "The Confusion" (The Baroque Cycle, Vol. 2) where Eliza codes her
       | letters into her knitting.
        
       | t3estabc wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | troupe wrote:
       | This article makes it sound like Doyle's knitting provided the
       | codes to encrypt her messages that she was sending--not that she
       | was encoding her actual messages in knitting.
       | 
       | In The Tale of Two Cities, Dickens has a character named Madame
       | Defarge who knits the list of names that the revolutionaries want
       | to execute.
        
         | kergonath wrote:
         | > This article makes it sound like Doyle's knitting provided
         | the codes to encrypt her messages that she was sending
         | 
         | To be fair, the title makes it sound like this. The article
         | does mentions the silk code and how it was hidden.
        
       | bblpeter wrote:
       | Apparently this was an urban legend. Good movie idea but not
       | accurate
        
       | thatwasunusual wrote:
       | Every now and then, QI-stories I learned 10+ years ago pops up. I
       | don't think this fact (...) is that old, but I love it.
        
         | iamerroragent wrote:
         | > For seventy years, Doyle's contributions to the war effort
         | were largely unheralded, but she was finally given her due in
         | 2014 when she was awarded France's highest honor, the Chevalier
         | of the Legion of Honour.
         | 
         | Funny enough it's been publicly known for about that long.
        
           | thatwasunusual wrote:
           | I guess that's what makes it really Quite Interesting. :)
        
       | totetsu wrote:
       | I was noticing if you use the same seed with some of the image
       | generating transformers, that one image of some waves and the
       | next of some clouds or something, will have the peeks and troughs
       | of the waves and the cloud pattern in equivalent places. It made
       | me think is there a way of hiding data in generated images by
       | using specific seeds that leave symbols that can be recovered
       | with the right transformation.
        
         | enduser wrote:
         | Classic steganography may be of interest to you.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | Also Johnny Mnemonic
        
       | a_bonobo wrote:
       | I recently read Between Silk and Cyanide, the autobiography of
       | the guy who made the codes for the OP's SOE.
       | 
       | https://www.amazon.com.au/Between-Silk-Cyanide-Codemakers-19...
       | 
       | He's the guy who came up with the idea of using silk for codes,
       | as silk won't be felt during pat-downs (paper will be felt).
       | There's lots in the book of trying to work with local business
       | who were obviously not willing to part with their valuable silk.
       | 
       | The book goes much more into details of transmitting these codes,
       | the hassle of bruteforcing when somebody misremembered their code
       | or mistranposed (there was an army of women working 24/7 trying
       | out all possible codes). Highly suggested if the OP piqued your
       | interest!
        
         | EvanAnderson wrote:
         | Here to second that recommendation.
         | 
         | Steve Bellovin wrote a review of "Between Silk and Cyanide"
         | back on the old cryptography@c2.net mailing list that prompted
         | me to buy the book: https://www.mail-
         | archive.com/cryptography@c2.net/msg04572.ht... (The whole
         | thread is good, BTW.)
         | 
         | The seriousness of the topic really left a mark with me
         | (thinking about agents being tortured and killed as a result of
         | poor opsec or cryptographic vulnerabilities). I'm glad that the
         | work I do doesn't have those consequences.
        
       | trollerator23 wrote:
       | Neal Stephenson did it first!
        
       | leblancfg wrote:
       | I read somewhere some Qwghlmian duchess was doing that centuries
       | ago.
        
         | hedora wrote:
         | Presumably, that last name is ciphertext, and the family keys
         | were lost to history.
        
       | GalenErso wrote:
       | Something I've been thinking about lately is how World War Two is
       | receding from our collective memory and how "archaic" it will
       | eventually come to be seen? The last veterans will pass away
       | within the next few years. In less than twenty years, WWII will
       | have happened a century ago. It will be as ancient as the Franco-
       | Prussan War of 1871 to someone who was alive in 1971, or to World
       | War One to people today. Humanity will move into the 22nd century
       | and WWII will be two centuries old. Two centuries ago, you had
       | the Napoleonic Wars. In the 23rd century, it will be 300 years
       | old. 300 years ago, you had the War of the Spanish Succession (a
       | war only nerds know about at this point) and the Seven Years War.
       | 
       | Will Hitler continue to be the go-to example of prime evil in
       | people's minds then? I'm not so certain.
       | 
       | Pupils in the 22nd century will read about the Enigma machine and
       | the codebreakers of Bletchley Park, think to themselves "how
       | primitive they were then", then send their friend a text using an
       | unbreakable post-quantum encryption algorithm.
       | 
       | West Point cadets will read about how German and Soviet
       | commanders got creative with Panzers and T-34s, then go into a
       | virtual simulation where they press a few buttons to coordinate a
       | multi-domain kill chain to direct a smart cruise missile from a
       | destroyer in the South Atlantic to a tank force in Pakistan,
       | thousands of miles away.
       | 
       | Aerospace engineering students will read about the V2 rockets,
       | then start their summer internships on Lunar Base 3 (on the
       | actual Moon).
       | 
       | And eventually, will they even stop learning about it?
       | 
       | Are there any lessons to draw here about our view of the past and
       | the lessons we can learn from them? Our ancestors were just as
       | creative and smart as we, they just had more limited means.
        
         | scotty79 wrote:
         | I think World wars won't be easily forgotten because they have
         | amazing branding through the use of the word "world" that is
         | timeless. Unless we seriously screw up something about naming
         | World War III I think we can keep the franchise fresh for ages.
         | 
         | > Will Hitler continue to be the go-to example of prime evil in
         | people's minds then?
         | 
         | I think so, as long as people believe in holocaust and no one
         | else tops him.
         | 
         | > And eventually, will they even stop learning about it?
         | 
         | We do still learn about pharaohs ... and cowboys for some
         | reason. Some history just gets immortalized in tropes.
        
           | euroderf wrote:
           | I suspect that in the year 4000, Madonna will still be a
           | known quantity. Michael Jackson, not so much.
        
         | saalweachter wrote:
         | In another context, I gave a back of the envelope calculation
         | that WWII comprised approximately 1% of human history --
         | roughly 20 billion person-years were lived during that time,
         | and heavily influenced by it, compared to around 2.3 trillion
         | person-years lived since anatomically modern humans first arose
         | a couple-three hundred thousand years ago.
         | 
         | Vietnam lasted longer, but only was a salient issue for a much
         | smaller fraction of the world's population at the time, so
         | probably less than a tenth of the person-years lived in the
         | shadow of WWII were similarly affected by the Vietnam War.
         | 
         | Unless there is a WWIII, the second World War will probably be
         | _the_ war of the human species, and a significant part of our
         | history for centuries to come.
        
         | FridayoLeary wrote:
         | >then send their friend a text using an unbreakable post-
         | quantum encryption algorithm.
         | 
         | You're wrong there. They won't because governments will move to
         | ban them so that they can carry on snooping. It's more likely
         | that the texts will be simutaneously uploaded onto a publicly
         | accessible database, which will be encouraged because "only
         | criminals have something they want to hide".
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | The interesting thing to me is how much less subsequent wars
         | have made it into popular culture. Vietnam is still pivotal in
         | the US, but the Iraq war and twenty-year occupation of
         | Afghanistan have kind of vanished? There's a sort of layer of
         | "generic middle Eastern war" in popular culture, via Call Of
         | Duty and action movies, but not anything more realistic?
         | 
         | > Will Hitler continue to be the go-to example of prime evil in
         | people's minds then? I'm not so certain.
         | 
         | Prior to this it seems to have been
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Magdeburg (someone once
         | asked the question on Reddit "what the go-to example of war
         | horror was before WW2")
         | 
         | Once the TV cameras re-enter eastern Ukraine perhaps we will
         | see. Or perhaps not, given that it will be too horrific to show
         | on social media or TV anywhere.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | > Something I've been thinking about lately is how World War
         | Two is receding from our collective memory and how "archaic" it
         | will eventually come to be seen?
         | 
         | Yeah, we're already seeing this with Holocaust denialism - as
         | ever more and more witnesses die, revisionists have an ever
         | easier game denying or downplaying what happened, and with no
         | small "thanks" to the US who never bothered to follow the
         | European example and criminalize Holocaust denial.
         | 
         | At least for the Holocaust, we have the physical evidence kept
         | alive in the former death camp sites... but what about those
         | atrocities that _didn 't_ leave much physical evidence?
        
           | hgsgm wrote:
           | Criminalizing lies is dangerous, because the government can
           | decide what it thinks are lies. If government wants to fight
           | lies, money is better spent funding the spread of good
           | information.
        
             | hedora wrote:
             | The US used to get this right by outlawing media
             | consolidation and foreign ownership, then simply not having
             | a domestic government-run propaganda outlet.
             | 
             | Of course, those rules were all repealed, and now we have
             | things like Fox News which simultaneously violates all
             | three of those rules (it isn't government funded, but it is
             | a de facto mouthpiece for the federal GOP). The left wing
             | media has been playing catch up ever since.
        
               | Xeoncross wrote:
               | At least there is one conservative conservative TV source
               | left. I would feel very uncomfortable in a one-sided
               | situation with no liberal or conservative news sources.
               | 
               | It's bad enough that only a few companies own basically
               | every source already. One evening party's worth of people
               | control what is basically the 'truth' in our nation.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | _One_? Lol. OANN and Newsmax still exist.
        
       | forkerenok wrote:
       | The details of the technique in the article seem to be lacking.
       | There's a bit more on the Wikipedia:
       | 
       | > When she obtained any military intelligence, she encoded it for
       | transmitting by knitting using one-time codes hidden on a piece
       | of silk that she used to tie up her hair; she would translate
       | them using Morse code equipment.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllis_Latour
        
         | bblpeter wrote:
         | The whole story is fake
        
         | moremetadata wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | hgsgm wrote:
         | I think that's misworded.
         | 
         | The actual quote from Phyllis was " I always carried knitting
         | because my codes were on a piece of silk".
         | 
         | There's no need for knitting to be involved in the encoding.
         | She had a message (unclear if it was a message she received or
         | her own personal knowledge; likely her own knowledge from
         | observing Nazi/German soldiers), and she had a silk with the
         | code keys, and she had a transmission station.
        
           | corbulo wrote:
           | Just let me believe she was knitting key patterns doing the
           | encryption in her head
        
         | bazzargh wrote:
         | oddly I was reading this story yesterday because someone linked
         | to an item of clothes from a shop which also contained a silk
         | code scarf: https://adversarialfashion.com/products/wwii-code-
         | cipher-sca...
         | 
         | it's unclear from the images in the shop but the code isn't the
         | circuit diagram-ish things but a table in the middle, which
         | reproduces this, an actual SOE silk code:
         | http://www.jproc.ca/crypto/silkcode_chart_b.jpg
         | 
         | This is apparently a 'Worked Out Key' cipher, not a OTP as
         | mentioned in the article, but both were in use due to Leo Marks
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Marks#:~:text=Developments...
         | .
         | 
         | (in fact, here's a photo of Leo with one of these code tables
         | https://www.historynet.com/was-this-the-uks-worst-spy-failur...
         | )
        
           | alana314 wrote:
           | I'd love to see photos of the original pattern. But I just
           | bought that scarf because it's pretty anyway.
        
             | fsckboy wrote:
             | opsec slip-up my dear, now the gpt4 driven facial
             | recognition cameras are looking for your scarf! but, you
             | will look great so you have that going for you, important
             | for getting your mugshot to go viral, like Jeanne d'Arc
             | 
             | I liked this: "The patterns on the goods in this shop are
             | designed to trigger Automated License Plate Readers,
             | injecting junk data in to the systems used by the State and
             | its contractors to monitor and track civilians and their
             | locations."
        
           | _a_a_a_ wrote:
           | Comprehensive answer with everything backed up by links, well
           | done mate!
        
           | StrangeATractor wrote:
           | "Between Silk and Cyanide" was a great book with some very
           | interesting and funny stories from SOE. I recommend it.
        
         | tgv wrote:
         | Wikipedia also tells us that aged 102, "she is the last living
         | female SOE agent of the forty who worked in France during World
         | War II." Quite the life.
        
           | GalenErso wrote:
           | Christopher Lee (of Dracula, James Bond, Star Wars and LOTR
           | fame) worked for the SOE, did he not? I wonder if they ever
           | met.
        
             | atdrummond wrote:
             | He was attached but not part of the SOE. Much of his
             | claimed spec ops/spy work stemmed from exaggerations others
             | made that he made no real effort to correct.
             | https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/who-dares-lies/
             | 
             | Not that it makes his service any less incredible or
             | admirable in my book.
        
               | bell-cot wrote:
               | With the UK's kinda-draconian Official Secrets Act, and
               | tendency to keep WWII stuff Secret for extremely long
               | periods - was telling the truth a good option for him?
        
               | helsinkiandrew wrote:
               | He also joined the volunteer forces fighting for Finland
               | against the Soviet invasion in the winter war of 1939.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_support_of_Finland_
               | in_...
        
               | mach1ne wrote:
               | Quite amazing when you contrast it with going to Ukraine
               | as a volunteer today.
        
       | vrglvrglvrgl wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | DesiLurker wrote:
       | reminds me of 'Courage Mom' from movie Wag the dog.
        
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