[HN Gopher] FSF Slams Google over Dropping JPEG-XL in Chrome
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       FSF Slams Google over Dropping JPEG-XL in Chrome
        
       Author : YakBizzarro
       Score  : 186 points
       Date   : 2023-04-16 11:50 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.phoronix.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.phoronix.com)
        
       | ifeeltriedboss wrote:
       | Google is so SLAMMED now
        
         | shp0ngle wrote:
         | Yeah
         | 
         | Look how FSF slammed Apple in the past for their iPod ecosystem
         | with "defective by design". Apple never recovered from that
        
       | csdreamer7 wrote:
       | One of the most interesting things to me is that JPEG-XL is under
       | an open Patent License, unlike the original JPEG.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG_XL
       | 
       | Also, Google contributed quite a bit to it's development. As the
       | patent grants show:
       | 
       | https://github.com/ImageMagick/jpeg-xl/blob/main/PATENTS
       | 
       | https://github.com/libjxl/libjxl/blob/main/PATENTS
       | 
       | Microsoft seemed to have gotten a patent on part of it's
       | implementation (which Google also tried to get). Not sure if
       | Google will pay to invalidate that patent, but I have a feeling
       | they are more likely to defend AVIF.
       | 
       | https://www.theregister.com/2022/02/17/microsoft_ans_patent/
       | 
       | Google's control is a little concerning, but I do feel there are
       | bigger fish to fry then choosing between two free formats. A
       | bigger concern is the H.264 and H.265 patents domination of
       | video.
        
         | rwmj wrote:
         | But surely JPEG is patent free by now (having been invented in
         | the very early 90s)? To be honest I'm confused about what FSF's
         | argument is here, as JPEG seems just fine to me.
        
           | Beldin wrote:
           | I don't know what the FSF's argument is. I personally don't
           | feel very strongly yet about this, but I am not comfortable
           | with the "JPEG is sufficient" line of reasoning.
           | 
           | I don't know what the world could look like if a much-
           | improved image format was common, but I don't think I'll see
           | that future as long as the browser with 90% market share
           | doesn't support that new format.
        
           | csdreamer7 wrote:
           | Yes, the original JPEG is patent free now. The point of my
           | comparison was between the times that both of them were
           | seeking adoption.
        
       | iambateman wrote:
       | I mean...it's a PR issue more than anything. I know what webp is
       | and I had never heard of jpeg-xl.
       | 
       | I think that's true for a lot of people. Maybe one of them is
       | better, but webp definitely has a distribution advantage by a
       | mile.
        
       | Y_Y wrote:
       | While I'm aligned with the FSF in most things, I'm happy to link
       | to a bug tracker despite its shitty JS.
       | 
       | https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/40...
       | 
       | Maybe they're sour about webp not obseleting all other formats by
       | now?
        
         | rippercushions wrote:
         | That's the pull request, the actual discussion is in this bug:
         | https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=117805...
         | 
         | And apparently JPEG XL, which was only added in 2021, will be
         | supported again from Chrome 117 onward.
        
           | ninepoints wrote:
           | That was an april fool's joke
        
           | mef wrote:
           | is there any evidence for this other than this tweet?
        
           | samwillis wrote:
           | > will be supported again from Chrome 117
           | 
           | That appears to have been an April 1st joke:
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/jonsneyers/status/1642039947719745537?t=.
           | ..
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | zxcvbn4038 wrote:
       | Mozilla had the same issue - it was one engineer who stubbornly
       | kept webp support out of the browser for years. Then he quit or
       | got laid off and Mozilla finally got support. Mozilla also
       | refused to support Yubikey for years, which we are still paying
       | for now. It seems to me like Mozilla forgot really quickly what
       | life was like when Internet Explorer was the dominant browser.
       | Half the reason Chrome can ignore community outrage is because
       | Mozilla decided existing options were "good enough" and stopped
       | being competition.
       | 
       | That said though, that FSF guy is nuts. He can't link to their
       | bug tracker because it uses Javascript? I think that battle is
       | lost. But he did obviously read the tracker, does this mean he
       | has to remove his tinfoil hat and go bathe in the living waters
       | of Richard Stallman's bathtub?
        
         | quadrangle wrote:
         | Maybe you misread or misunderstood (although maybe it makes no
         | difference to you), but the specific issue is: the FSF _won 't_
         | link to the bug tracker (not can't) because of _proprietary_
         | Javascript. The FSF has no absolute rejection of JS, they just
         | are purist about the JS being free software.
         | 
         | And it wasn't a personal post by an "FSF guy", it's the stance
         | of the whole FSF organization.
         | 
         | Yes, the battle is lost. Fighting an effectively lost battle
         | isn't necessarily nuts, but criticizing it is quite
         | understandable.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | xoa wrote:
       | So a few dozen comments, but so far it doesn't look like any
       | mention the immediate thing that jumped out at me which was the
       | claims vs AVIF:
       | 
       | > _" In turn, what users will be given is yet another facet of
       | the web that Google itself controls: the AVIF format."_
       | 
       | Huh? I'll admit I haven't been following codecs as super ultra
       | closely as I used to, but I thought AOM was a pretty broad
       | coalition of varying interests and AV1 an open, royalty free
       | codec that was plenty open source friendly? I've heard plenty of
       | reasonable arguments that JPEG XL has some real technical
       | advantages over AVIF and as well as superior performance is much
       | more feature rich and scalable. So I could see people being
       | bummed for that. But this is the first time I've heard the
       | assertion that it's somehow a Google project? I mean, AOM's
       | libavif reference is BSD too [0]? I'd love some more details on
       | that from anyone who has been following this more closely. I can
       | even understand if AOM isn't as community friendly and an
       | accusation that it's dominated by big corps, but in that case why
       | single out Google alone? From wiki:
       | 
       | > _The governing members of the Alliance for Open Media are
       | Amazon, Apple, ARM, Cisco, Facebook, Google, Huawei, Intel,
       | Microsoft, Mozilla, Netflix, Nvidia, Samsung Electronics and
       | Tencent._
       | 
       | Like, Google is certainly significant, but that's a lot of
       | equally heavy hitters. And interesting that Mozilla is there too.
       | 
       | ----
       | 
       | 0: https://github.com/AOMediaCodec/libavif
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | > Like, Google is certainly significant, but that's a lot of
         | equally heavy hitters. And interesting that Mozilla is there
         | too.
         | 
         | Mozilla is a dependent of Google's. The thing that stands out
         | about that list is that aside from Google and Facebook (who
         | completely control their markets), the New Microsoft and the
         | aforementioned Mozilla, most of these companies are notoriously
         | openly hostile to anything open.
        
           | jerryX wrote:
           | In practice AVIF is made practically only by Google team.
           | 
           | Good summary from
           | https://www.phoronix.com/forums/forum/phoronix/latest-
           | phoron... :                   Max image size is limited to 4K
           | (3840x2160) in AVIF, which is a deal breaker to me. You can
           | tile images, but seams are visible at the edges, which makes
           | this unusable. JPEG XL supports image sizes of up to
           | 1,073,741,823x1,073,741,824. You won't run out of image space
           | anytime soon.         JXL offers lossless recompression of
           | JPEG images. This is important for compatibility, as you can
           | re-encode JPEG images into JXL for a 30% reduction in file
           | size for free. AVIF has no such feature.         JXL has a
           | maximum of 32 bits per channel. AVIF supports up to 10.
           | JXL is more resilient to generation loss.5         JXL
           | supports progressive decoding, which is essential in web
           | delivery, IMO. AVIF has no such feature.         AVIF is
           | notoriously based on the AV1 video encoder. That makes it far
           | superior for animated image sequences, outperforming JXL in
           | this department by a wide margin. However, JXL also supports
           | this feature.         AVIF is supported in most major
           | browsers. This includes Chrome (and derivatives) and Firefox
           | (and forks). JXL is supported by almost nobody right now.
           | Only Thorium, Pale Moon, LibreWolf, Waterfox, Basilisk and
           | Firefox Nightly incorporate it. Most of these are community-
           | maintained forks of Firefox. That is a big downside for
           | adoption, as I already ranted about in this post.
           | Both formats support transparency and wide gamut (HDR).
        
             | xoa wrote:
             | So right away on the first item:
             | 
             | > _Max image size is limited to 4K (3840x2160) in AVIF,
             | which is a deal breaker to me. You can tile images, but
             | seams are visible at the edges, which makes this unusable.
             | JPEG XL supports image sizes of up to
             | 1,073,741,823x1,073,741,824. You won't run out of image
             | space anytime soon._
             | 
             | > _JXL has a maximum of 32 bits per channel. AVIF supports
             | up to 10._
             | 
             | Max resolution and bit depth is certainly massively higher
             | for for JPEG XL, but spec [0] says that:
             | 
             | > _" NOTE: [AV1] supports 3 bit depths: 8, 10 and 12 bits,
             | and the maximum dimensions of a coded image is 65536x65536,
             | when seq_level_idx is set to 31 (maximum parameters
             | level)."_
             | 
             | And 12-bits per channel is considered a lot for end user
             | final display formats? It also seems to be supported in
             | browsers too so it's not just theoretical. It looks like
             | back in 2021 there was discussion around this and
             | clarifying that the profiles decided on in 2018/2019 were
             | more about giving targets for hardware acceleration of the
             | time, but software decoders by 2021 supported essentially
             | the whole spec (and it appears to me that another 2 years
             | later now final lingering stuff has been dealt with) [1,2]:
             | 
             | > _Cyril has proposed a pull request (#130) to better
             | clarify what is and is not supported in AVIF. In short,
             | AVIF supports everything that AV1 supports, which includes
             | 12-bit encoding. The current software decoder
             | implementations also support more or less all of AV1, which
             | can be seen if you try to decode a 12-bit AVIF file in a
             | web browser._
             | 
             | And for still images, hardware acceleration isn't
             | important, so as a practical matter unlike AV1 video pure
             | software for max features is fine. So 65k x 65k and 36-bit
             | color appear to be the limit, which definitely isn't as
             | much as JPEG XL, but is pretty respectable for majority of
             | end user usage?
             | 
             | Edit to add: the comments there also mention complaints
             | that the JPEG XL author has a history of spreading
             | misinformation about AVIF, "See the article and infographic
             | recently posted by the JPEG-XL author that claims (among
             | other things) that AVIF does not support 12-bit images". So
             | apparently there has been some good old dev drama going on
             | during the last few years which means one may need to be a
             | little suspicious about any "Good summaries" :(.
             | 
             | ----
             | 
             | 0: https://aomediacodec.github.io/av1-avif/#profiles-
             | overview
             | 
             | 1: https://github.com/AOMediaCodec/av1-avif/issues/128
             | 
             | 2: https://github.com/AOMediaCodec/av1-avif/pull/130
        
               | kps wrote:
               | > And 12-bits per channel is considered a lot for end
               | user final display formats?
               | 
               | WebP and AVIF introduced a bifurcation between general
               | purpose image formats and 'end user final display
               | formats' (i.e. internet delivery to consumer
               | entertainment devices). I don't think this is a good
               | thing.
        
               | zinekeller wrote:
               | > and the maximum dimensions of a coded image is
               | 65536x65536
               | 
               | As pointed out in another comment, this is less of 65536
               | by 65536 and more of 65536* by 65536* if you followed
               | some more complicated steps. Considering that the
               | original JPEG supports that without relying internally on
               | multiple images (the trick AVIF used to "support" the
               | full 65536 by 65536), it seems not suitable for software
               | which writes images in one pass.
        
               | brigade wrote:
               | No, it's AV1 that uses (up to) 16-bit fields for image
               | dimensions. HEIF grids, which is the AVIF feature that
               | combines multiple AV1 images into one, have 32-bit fields
               | for dimensions so are limited only by what the decoder is
               | willing to allocate.
        
             | Wowfunhappy wrote:
             | > Max image size is limited to 4K (3840x2160) in AVIF
             | 
             | What?! That is _terrible_ for a next-generation image
             | format, and should be an immediate and obvious dealbreaker
             | for introducing any type of support.
             | 
             | It would be one thing if AVIF was a legacy format already
             | in widespread, but anything _new_ should be several orders
             | of magnitude more future-proof.
        
               | izacus wrote:
               | Maximum image size for AVIF is 65535x65535, no idea where
               | you're all picking up this crock.
        
               | formerly_proven wrote:
               | Seems to be not so simple.
               | 
               | > AVIF has different limitations when it comes to the
               | highest megapixel count / largest dimensions. Several
               | decoders may not support larger images, so single-coded
               | photos do not exceed 4k resolution. According to AV1,
               | AVIF Baseline profile coded image items must not have
               | more pixels than 8912896 or wider widths or higher
               | heights than 8192 or 4352. The Baseline profile can still
               | be used to create larger images using grid derivation.
               | You might encounter discontinuities along the grid
               | boundaries, depending on how the image is decomposed. For
               | this particular case, however, the maximum size of a
               | coded picture is 65536x65536.
               | 
               | https://avif.io/blog/faq/avif-megapixel/
               | 
               | So as I understand this, anything with more than ~9 MP
               | would be encoded in some kind of tiled way, possibly
               | introducing artifacts where tiles meet.
               | 
               | However, another blog post claims different limits
               | 
               | > The default limit of AVIF is 8K. Video professionals
               | will recognize this as the size of an 8K video frame. It
               | is possible to break this limit for both formats by
               | independently encoded tiles of 8K frames. But this method
               | introduces artifacts at the tile boundaries, affecting
               | the overall appearance of images.
               | 
               | https://avif.io/blog/comparisons/avif-vs-heif/
        
               | brigade wrote:
               | The profiles only matter if you want to be decodable by
               | hardware decoders. If you only care about software
               | decoders, which must be true if JPEG-XL is your
               | comparison, then you don't have to use the HEIF grid for
               | large dimensions, and the better question is how much
               | memory your application will allow to be allocated.
               | Because chances are JPEG's maximum 65535x65535 exceeds it
               | that too.
               | 
               | AV1 itself allows a maximum of 65536x65536 for a single
               | picture, whereas the HEIF grid hypothetically allows even
               | more than that regardless of how large each individual
               | picture is (HEIF grid dimensions are 32-bits). As a
               | practical example, libavif will not use the grid for
               | large dimensions unless explicitly told to do so, by
               | default producing files that aren't compliant to either
               | baseline or advanced profiles.
               | 
               | (to further my pedantry against your source: AVIF is a
               | subset of HEIF; what people usually mean by "HEIF" is the
               | HEIC subset)
        
               | izacus wrote:
               | It is that simple, you're just noving the goal posts.
               | 
               | The concept of profiles is nothing new to ensure HW
               | decoder compatibility and JPEG-XL offers nothing extra
               | there either (except no support for the concept ensuring
               | that HW decode isn't possible at all).
               | 
               | Pretty much all newer formats are tiled in some way too -
               | even JPEG.
        
               | pixelesque wrote:
               | The format supports that technically (the resolution is
               | stored in two uint32_t variables), but libavif however
               | currently seems to have pretty small limits in this area
               | based off attempts a few months ago to try using it for
               | high res photos: I couldn't get it to save images of size
               | 8192 x 5464 (native Canon R5 res). avifEncoderAddImage()
               | just returns a generic error when the size is too big. If
               | I reduced the size of the image a bit, it then worked.
               | 
               | Given I was trying to store high res panoramas of even
               | larger dimensions, I was pretty surprised at the apparent
               | limits, wherever they exist in the callstack.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jcranmer wrote:
         | >> The governing members of the Alliance for Open Media are
         | Amazon, Apple, ARM, Cisco, Facebook, Google, Huawei, Intel,
         | Microsoft, Mozilla, Netflix, Nvidia, Samsung Electronics and
         | Tencent.
         | 
         | > Like, Google is certainly significant, but that's a lot of
         | equally heavy hitters. And interesting that Mozilla is there
         | too.
         | 
         | The Alliance for Open Media basically arose from the fact that
         | MPEG decided to use the success of H.264 to charge a king's
         | ransom in licensing fees for H.265, whereupon most of the
         | consumer industry took one look at those fees and said "we need
         | a free alternative."
        
           | kmeisthax wrote:
           | To be fair to MPEG, they don't actually run the patent pools,
           | they just make everyone promise to join one.
           | 
           | MPEG-LA is the patent pool that everyone was using and it was
           | assumed that would be the case for H.265. HEVC Advance and
           | Velos Media realized they could break this business structure
           | by giving a few net-implementer companies (e.g. Samsung) a
           | sweetheart deal on patent licensing if they moved their
           | patents over to their pool. They paid for this by double-
           | charging people who were already licensed through MPEG-LA for
           | those patents.
           | 
           | Leonardo Chiariglione, co-founder of MPEG, tried to get ISO
           | to change their patent policy to allow more scrutiny of
           | patent ownership in standards. ISO responded by... denying
           | Leonardo's petitions, cutting MPEG up into pieces, and
           | pushing him out of the working group he built.
           | 
           | Funny thing is, MPEG actually knows royalty-free video
           | encoding is a thing people want. They've tried building an
           | ISO standard for that. Problem is, ISO's patent policy only
           | allows removing patented technology from a standard if the
           | technology is not licensable - not if the technology is too
           | expensive. So their standardized royalty-free codecs[0] are
           | not actually royalty-free and nobody uses them.
           | 
           | The underlying problem was pointed out by Leonardo on his
           | blog: patent owners want to go back to the days of charging
           | an arm and a leg for MPEG-2, and they are willing to suck the
           | brains out of MPEG in order to do it, under the assumption
           | that people were paying royalty fees for the ISO branding
           | rather than for the technical superiority of the standard.
           | MPEG is not the cause of this problem, they are a victim of
           | it.
           | 
           | [0] Fun fact: Google outright just submitted VP8 to MPEG as a
           | candidate for MPEG IVC, but they decided against using it in
           | favor of building their own royalty-free standard.
        
       | teddyh wrote:
       | Actual link: https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/googles-
       | decision-to-depr...
        
       | CharlesW wrote:
       | All of the people here who are so passionate about JPEG-XL will
       | be happy to learn that there's nothing preventing them from using
       | it on their sites right now:
       | 
       | https://github.com/niutech/jxl.js
       | 
       | If you want Chrome to ship with JPEG-XL support, use it. At some
       | point, browser makers will decide it's worth the incremental cost
       | (to them and all users) to add it.
        
         | zamadatix wrote:
         | A bundling approach works great for web apps (e.g. an online
         | image editor) but for serving images you have to be willing to
         | not only lose any of the size and speed benefits but to
         | completely demolish your website's performance all in hopes one
         | day enough sites agree to do the same.
        
           | CharlesW wrote:
           | If the advantages of JPEG-XL are not worth websites
           | downloading ~300KB (the size of 1 or 2 "hero" images) to
           | users, one could argue that browser makers shouldn't add it
           | to every download of their browser in perpetuity.
        
             | zamadatix wrote:
             | To be clear I'm not a fan of adding JPEG-XL to browsers
             | rather I think you're presenting a strawman for why. Even
             | if the size overhead were 0 bytes you're still completely
             | ignoring the project page says it takes ~0.8 seconds (~0.5
             | multithreaded) to load 0.2 kilobyte image files with
             | nothing else going on. An infinitely better format wouldn't
             | make sense to a lot of sites.
             | 
             | That is to say people excited about JPEG-XL being removed
             | aren't simply just ignorant they could decode it via
             | JavaScript/WASM. Mostly they seem to disagree on what
             | "enough improvement" to outweigh the cost of a shipping a
             | new format is. E.g. Cloudinary is a commonly referenced
             | proponent not by chance but because they operate a media
             | CDN and it makes sense for them to present lots of material
             | about the advantages vs say a single site.
        
               | CharlesW wrote:
               | > _To be clear I 'm not a fan of adding JPEG-XL to
               | browsers rather I think you're presenting a strawman for
               | why._
               | 
               | I'm trying to make a good faith argument that if even
               | passionate fans of the format are not willing to bear the
               | time and bandwidth equivalent of loading a small number
               | of images to use the format, that's a strong signal that
               | it's not worth it.
        
               | edflsafoiewq wrote:
               | There is indeed nothing in JPEG-XL worth breaking the
               | entire image ecosystem for, where the image can used in a
               | normal <img> tag, where you can direct link to the image
               | URL, where you can save the image, where you can upload
               | the image to any site you want, where you can see the
               | thumbnail in your file browser, where you can open it in
               | any image editor, etc.
               | 
               | There is probably never going to be an image format that
               | would be worth throwing all that away for a JS shim that
               | dumps pixels into a <canvas>. But that doesn't mean it is
               | never worth adopting a new format into the image
               | ecosystem.
        
       | threeseed wrote:
       | To save people some clicks here are the two discussions:
       | 
       | * https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/g/blink-dev/c/WjCKc...
       | 
       | * https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=117805...
        
       | zamadatix wrote:
       | Discussion about the root article from FSF:
       | 
       | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35554107
       | 
       | Similar discussions when Chrome/Mozilla were removing it:
       | 
       | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33563378 (dang's comment
       | has a list of additional related at the time)
       | 
       | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33803941
       | 
       | Relevant discussions:
       | 
       | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35212522
       | 
       | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33442281
       | 
       | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35018672
        
       | jeroenhd wrote:
       | Google removes a standard nobody uses, I don't see the problem.
       | AVIF is a decent alternative that can actually be used in modern
       | browsers, with WebP as a fallback.
       | 
       | We've got plenty of open image formats for the web already. I
       | don't get why people get so hung up about JPEG XL, it's not as if
       | they're trying to force HEIF onto you like some other tech
       | companies do.
        
         | vehemenz wrote:
         | The same reasoning could have applied to AVIF and WebP a few
         | years ago. Nobody used these formats back then, so what's the
         | problem if Google discontinues them?
        
           | zamadatix wrote:
           | There was a long period between the jpg/png/gif era and free
           | alternatives that were significantly better but could replace
           | all three format use cases (really 4, if you count that they
           | were just a special format of the video codec they
           | introduced). Even between webp and avif there was about a
           | decade gap.
           | 
           | Despite this jpg/png/gif aren't really gone and at the same
           | time jpegxl is a one off codec for images. Mozilla didn't see
           | the rush to introduce another format either but the FSF
           | article isn't going to talk about that. Jpegxl definitely has
           | some cool stuff about it and from the technical side I love
           | it but from the "god damn it why isn't this saved image
           | working this time" perspective I'm not angry at all to the
           | browsers for not supporting it. Hell I'm still waiting for
           | Microsoft to feel ready to enable AVIF in Edge when they had
           | an employee as an editor for the standard.
        
         | bick_nyers wrote:
         | No one used it because they were waiting for it to not be
         | behind a development flag in Chrome etc.
         | 
         | My backend had the code written and ready to go, just
         | waiting...
        
       | Someone1234 wrote:
       | This is worth looking at:
       | 
       | https://caniuse.com/jpegxl
       | 
       | Unless I'm misunderstanding that, no browser actually ever
       | supported JPEG-XL without a flag (or at all on Safari's cases).
       | No OS appears to have supported it natively either[0]. The
       | reality is that formats have a chicken & egg problem. Normally
       | Google deserves to get dunked on, but in this case, why is Google
       | the scapegoat instead of the entire industry that didn't adopt
       | it? Feels like there is a bigger issue with JPEG-XL's failure to
       | launch, and they did more than some (Apple? Microsoft?).
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG_XL#Industry_support_and_a...
        
         | ksec wrote:
         | >The reality is that formats have a chicken & egg problem.
         | 
         | The same company that gave us WebP. At least Mozilla and Safari
         | did the sane thing and push back against it.
        
           | bastawhiz wrote:
           | Is your argument that more folks should have pushed back
           | against JPEG XL? Webp was initially released in 2010 when it
           | _was_ the best alternative. JPEG XL came along almost a
           | decade later. The state of image formats is very different.
        
             | zinekeller wrote:
             | No, instead Google should made WebP a proof-of-concept that
             | there are technological advancements that can improve and
             | made a successor of WebP like they've done with QUIC (to
             | HTTP 3), not force-slinging it to everyone. Also, WebP
             | violates the "two independent implementations" standard -
             | at least AVIF can be argued to have two different
             | implementations (due to dav1d).
        
           | Spivak wrote:
           | Huh? Is there some drama because they all support webp so
           | clearly push didn't come to shove.
        
         | Matl wrote:
         | > why is Google the scapegoat instead of the entire industry
         | that didn't adopt it?
         | 
         | Because on the web Google is 'the industry'. It's not a problem
         | that it was behind a flag, it's a new format after all.
         | 
         | The problem is Google did implement it and then removed support
         | without sufficient explanation. Given their market power and
         | the fact they're behind competing standard, it raises a few
         | questions.
        
         | brookst wrote:
         | Yep. This is like teenagers blaming Walmart for their band's
         | lack of success. "If only they had carried our album and
         | featured it on endcaps!"
        
           | zinekeller wrote:
           | Yep, teenagers like Facebook and Adobe - oh wait. _Maybe
           | Google is now flexing its anticompetitive muscles now, isn 't
           | it?_
        
             | brigade wrote:
             | Adobe didn't support WebP until 2021, they're the poster
             | child for not supporting a format _until_ it 's popular
             | enough that they need to add support.
        
             | brookst wrote:
             | I must be failing to understand your comment. The people
             | complaining are FSF, and no matter how hard I squint, I
             | cannot see how fair competition could require Google to be
             | the first one to support a standard that literally nobody
             | else supports.
        
               | zinekeller wrote:
               | > The people complaining are FSF
               | 
               | Nope, not just FSF. The Chromium team have prototyped
               | JXL, but removed it initially for unknown reasons (https:
               | //bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=117805...
               | ). Engineering teams including but not limited to Adobe,
               | Facebook, Intel and Shopify have complained about its
               | abrupt removal. Chromium developers have subsequently
               | said that it was "due to low interest" (despite piles of
               | messages from engineering teams both in leading companies
               | and small groups saying otherwise).
               | 
               | > I cannot see how fair competition could require Google
               | to be the first one to support a standard that literally
               | nobody else supports.
               | 
               | First, Adobe products have just included JXL. Second,
               | It's because Google is pushing for AVIF, which was
               | extended from AV1. While it has some advantages (as
               | essentially extended version from AV1), it also has a lot
               | of disadvantages:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35590516. No one
               | said to remove AVIF in favor of JXL and in fact there are
               | instances where AVIF is the better choice (animated
               | images due to its interframe support) but instead to
               | support JXL regardless of Google's support of AVIF, and
               | some people have seen it as _forcing_ Google-favored AVIF
               | instead of considering all formats developed (like how
               | WebP was rammed a decade ago).
        
               | SquareWheel wrote:
               | > but removed it initially for unknown reasons
               | 
               | Just an FYI, they gave their reasons in comment #84 of
               | the thread you linked.
        
           | quadrangle wrote:
           | There's also the more widespread phenomenon of profitable-
           | enough local businesses blaming Walmart for putting them out
           | of business. How do we evaluate which analogy is appropriate?
        
         | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
         | Google has 90% of the market. They are the industry.
        
           | robin_reala wrote:
           | They definitely don't. Globally they don't even touch 70%,
           | and if you look at specific markets like the US they only
           | just hit 50%.
        
             | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
             | this depends a lot on how you count. edge and Samsung
             | Internet are both just reskinned chrome. Safari, Firefox
             | and Opera Hot sound 20%, but that's almost all Safari, and
             | Apple still wants to pretend that their special image
             | format is relevant.
        
               | robin_reala wrote:
               | Edge isn't just reskinned Chrome when it comes to image
               | formats: they deliberately don't support AVIF for
               | example. https://caniuse.com/avif
        
               | markdog12 wrote:
               | Interesting, why not?
               | 
               | Found this:
               | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/75459594/why-doesnt-
               | edge...
        
           | izacus wrote:
           | So they're now forced to maintain every single format someone
           | invents, keep it compatible and security patched forever?
           | Even though even FOSS champion Mozilla wouldn't touch it?
        
             | toyg wrote:
             | They definitely have a responsibility to shepherd standards
             | that show potential to do good for the internet.
        
             | illiarian wrote:
             | They have no reservations when its their own formats and
             | they force others to implement them on pain of removing
             | essential apps like Youtube.
        
               | jsnell wrote:
               | JPEG XL _is_ one of their own formats!
        
               | illiarian wrote:
               | Then it's internal politics at play. Or perhaps image
               | codecs are not as important to Google.
               | 
               | E.g. Android TV now requires hardware support for AV1 [1]
               | and Google threatened Roku that Rouku would lose Youtube
               | support if it didn't support AV1 in hardware [2]
               | 
               | [1] https://www.protocol.com/bulletins/av1-android-14-req
               | uiremen...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.protocol.com/youtube-tv-roku-issues
        
               | neurostimulant wrote:
               | What funny is google's own chromecast hardware doesn't
               | support av1, yet they require their competitors to
               | support it.
               | 
               | https://developers.google.com/cast/docs/media
        
               | izacus wrote:
               | Big surprise.
        
             | ksec wrote:
             | >So they're now forced to maintain every single format
             | someone invents,
             | 
             | Or they could pick a better format and evaluate it? The
             | question is why the better format here, even though it is
             | the same royalty free ( or patents free in AOM's term ),
             | wasn't picked.
        
               | mynameisvlad wrote:
               | They _could_. They could also choose to not to. They
               | could also have done it and their set of reasons doesn't
               | align with yours.
               | 
               | They're a private company. They can choose to do whatever
               | they want or don't want to.
               | 
               | If they don't want to support JPEGXL, why should they be
               | forced to do it? If it was such a necessary format, it
               | would have been a competitive disadvantage to not have
               | support and that would have forced their hand, but nobody
               | else supports it either so why should Google be forced to
               | if they (clearly) don't want to.
        
               | ksec wrote:
               | They dont have to. But they could also not lie about it.
               | Or lie about do no evil ( I know that is no longer their
               | motto ). Or they could also not lie about WebP, AOM or
               | AMP or everything else about being Good.
        
               | mynameisvlad wrote:
               | I mean they _could_ do all those things, but, once again,
               | they don't have to. They don't have a responsibility to
               | anyone but their shareholders and therefore bottom line.
        
         | crote wrote:
         | Yeah, because it is a new format. You don't immediately
         | publicly release support for an experimental format.
         | 
         | Chrome added support for the in-progress version of JPEG XL in
         | April 2021. The core coding specification was finished in March
         | 2022, and the last part of the spec wasn't done until October
         | 2022.
         | 
         | Chrome removed it in December 2022, citing a "lack of interest
         | from the ecosystem", despite it having support in most major
         | image editors already. It was a new format which was rapidly
         | being adopted and a lot of major players were very excited
         | about it, but Chrome's removal pretty much killed it due to
         | their dominance in the browser space. At the time of removal,
         | it had better support than HEIC!
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | Similar to how they killed WebGL 2.0 compute, actually.
        
         | GuB-42 wrote:
         | The problem is that old PNG and JPEG are good enough for most
         | purposes. They are certainly not as efficient but with todays
         | technology and bandwidth, there is little downside to using
         | JPEG and you know it will be supported everywhere.
         | 
         | It is not the case for video. Video is still a huge bandwidth
         | hog, and finding better codecs is worth it, that's why they get
         | better support. Webp is a clever hack as it is essentially a
         | single frame webm video, so if you have webm support, which is
         | worth it, then you can have webp almost for free, JPEG-XL
         | doesn't have that incentive.
        
           | enlyth wrote:
           | Agreed, PNG and JPEG already serve most purposes.
           | 
           | JPEG = I want to see the content in the image but don't care
           | too much about the quality
           | 
           | PNG = I want a lossless version of this image
           | 
           | Since bandwidth is cheap in most places, the only advantage
           | that JPEG XL has is suddenly not that enticing.
        
             | exmadscientist wrote:
             | It's not just that. There are purposes that _require_ JPEG
             | and so if I get a WEBP or AVIF or JXL I am actively angry.
             | 
             | I was trying to set the desktop background image on a
             | project laptop last week. I found an image I liked, that
             | would immediately remind me what machine this was when I
             | look at it.
             | 
             | It was an AVIF. Windows 10 won't accept those as desktop
             | backgrounds. It looked, for all intents and purposes, like
             | the search image results were going to give me JPEGs -- the
             | URL ended in .JPG and had "jpeg" as the media type! -- but
             | that is not what I got. This did not work. Refusing to give
             | up, I eventually determined that using curl to retrieve the
             | image gave me a usable JPEG, and so I got my background and
             | now I can tell this stupid project laptop apart.
             | 
             | For _my_ use cases, which is as someone who does light work
             | with images (backgrounds, occasional use in some kind of
             | paint program, occasional insertion into documents or
             | slides), anything that isn 't a JPEG or PNG is actively
             | harmful. Not everyone uses images the way I do, but
             | developers need to remember that not everyone is a passive
             | sheep who just stares at things or a power-developer who
             | builds JPEG-XL from source in their sleep. There are people
             | in between, and we don't take kindly to being forgotten.
        
               | jemmyw wrote:
               | We shouldn't use a new format because some website sent
               | you the wrong mime type and you don't know how to use an
               | image converter? By that logic we should still be using
               | .bmp files for all images.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | Webp max resolution is 16383 x 16383. That is a problem in
           | some applications.
        
         | eviks wrote:
         | There are many reasons, just to list a couple:
         | 
         | 1) Chrome is much bigger, so it's much more consequential, so
         | it's valid is a bigger target for criticism
         | 
         | 2) It's much easier to performantly support the format on some
         | OS without it being "native", so again, lack of browser support
         | is worse, and thus it's valid it's a bigger target for
         | criticism
        
         | illiarian wrote:
         | > https://caniuse.com/jpegxl
         | 
         | This is kinda how standards are supposed to work: at least two
         | independednt implementations [1], released behind a flag to
         | gather developer and user feedback. However it seems that in
         | the end it went nowhere.
         | 
         | [1] See Implementation experience:
         | https://www.w3.org/2021/Process-20211102/#implementation-exp...
         | Among other considerations: "are there independent
         | interoperable implementations of the current specification?"
        
           | ars wrote:
           | It's the "behind a flag" part that is the issue.
           | 
           | How are you supposed to get feedback for a feature people
           | can't actually use?
           | 
           | It's like when Debian removed a package I use that was not
           | shipped under the rationale that "no one uses it". Obviously
           | no one uses it - you never actually shipped it, you just had
           | the source available if people wanted to compile it.
        
             | illiarian wrote:
             | > How are you supposed to get feedback for a feature people
             | can't actually use?
             | 
             | The moment it's out there (that is, not behind a flag), you
             | cannot fix it, update it etc. because people will be
             | relying on the observed behaviour.
             | 
             | The hard part is advertising the feature (at the very least
             | to developers) because there are just too many featurs in
             | modern browsers. Edit: for example, Chrome has Origin
             | Trials
             | https://developer.chrome.com/origintrials/#/trials/active
             | for experimental features.
        
               | ars wrote:
               | Sure you can - you just do it. You just make the
               | necessary fix.
               | 
               | But you do it quickly, within a short time of launching
               | it. Anyone who was able to make use of it within a couple
               | months, will be able to adapt and fix things.
               | 
               | Once it's been there for a year, then sure, people rely
               | on it. But there's no reason to take so long.
        
               | illiarian wrote:
               | > Sure you can - you just do it. You just make the
               | necessary fix.
               | 
               | No, you can't. Not simply.
               | 
               | > But you do it quickly, within a short time of launching
               | it. Anyone who was able to make use of it within a couple
               | months, will be able to adapt and fix things.
               | 
               | That's not how the web works. "People who make use of it
               | in a few months" could easily apps and sites serving
               | millions of people. This is a process that applies not
               | only to image codecs, but to, say hardware APIs and
               | interfaces, network protocols etc.
               | 
               | > But there's no reason to take so long.
               | 
               | There are very many reasons from technical to political
               | to anything in between (and sideways, too).
        
               | ars wrote:
               | So, if it's behind a flag then people know not to use it,
               | and therefor no one actually uses it. So you can change
               | it if you want, but you never will because you'll never
               | get feedback.
               | 
               | Or, if it's not behind a flag, then you can tell people
               | not to use it, but they will anyway, which is exactly
               | what you want, because then you get feedback. And when
               | you change it, nothing really bad happens.
               | 
               | Sounds like the flag method is a failure, and just
               | releasing it actually works.
        
         | saltcured wrote:
         | Does anybody know why the earlier JPEG-XR also never got useful
         | browser support? Are we just going to see this repeating over
         | and over with nice general purpose image formats being
         | relegated to individual vendor-centric ecosystems and never
         | providing widespread interop?
         | 
         | I find it frustrating how computers have gained so much compute
         | and storage capacity but the web seems to be slipping away as
         | ever more consumer-focused and neutered. Having been there
         | since the beginning, I really expected the web tech and
         | browsers to improve and facilitate scientific data sharing. Not
         | being able to natively decode and display any "exotic" imagery
         | without a bunch of server-side nonsense is frustrating.
         | 
         | Today's client machines have so much capability but become
         | totally balkanized when you can't just serve an image tag and
         | display a real scientific image. Instead you either have to
         | hope the users install extra "workstation" tools to display an
         | image after downloading, or deploy absurdly over-engineered
         | "image servers" to do the basic image rendering and ship plain
         | 8-bit JPEGs to the client.
         | 
         | Why can't a browser natively provide some basic range-mapping
         | color transfer function tools for high bit-depth images in an
         | image tag? Why can't it provide a pan-zoom viewing mode for
         | high resolution images in an image tag?
        
         | csdreamer7 wrote:
         | > No OS appears to have supported it natively either[0].
         | 
         | Not sure what you mean by OS. The link you provided shows that
         | Linux with several GNOME and other tools support JPEG-XL
         | (especially GIMP).
        
           | eviks wrote:
           | But it's not "native"!
        
         | croes wrote:
         | It's not really a chicken egg problem.
         | 
         | If a browser doesn't support a format as default nobody will
         | use it unless big players like Apple or Google enforce it.
         | 
         | If Jpeg XL had been enabled some time without a flag they could
         | claim > There is not enough interest from the entire ecosystem
         | to continue experimenting with JPEG XL
         | 
         | but hidden behind a flag there is no way to know.
         | 
         | How many users enable experimental features in their browser?
        
         | 0x_rs wrote:
         | >instead of the entire industry that didn't adopt it?
         | 
         | Is this a good argument? Nobody is going to adopt something
         | without being natively supported by browsers without ugly js
         | hacks, and when it comes to browser standards it seems to me
         | Google has more leverage than anybody else. Cloudinary has made
         | a lot of posts about JPEG-XL, so you might say they're quite
         | biased towards it, but it also seems to me there is some
         | interest in it by multiple companies [0, 1]. I personally very
         | much doubt webp would be _anywhere_ today without the massive
         | (arguably deceptive) campaigning and double standards it had.
         | 
         | 0.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG_XL#Industry_support_and_a...
         | 
         | 1.
         | https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=117805...
        
           | SquareWheel wrote:
           | > Nobody is going to adopt something without being natively
           | supported by browsers without ugly js hacks
           | 
           | That's fair, but it is worth pointing out that <picture> tags
           | support multiple source formats. I serve some logos and other
           | important images as both .png and .webp. Adding additional
           | lines for avif for jxl seem reasonable - especially if
           | browsers are testing new formats.
        
           | mynameisvlad wrote:
           | Why should Google be the ones _solely_ responsible for
           | pushing forward file formats? Either you criticize everyone
           | for their parts in not adopting it, or not at all. It seems
           | silly to single out Google and Google alone when nobody else
           | batted an eyelash to try and support the format.
        
             | demonshreder wrote:
             | The majority market share is for Google Chrome, directly
             | and indirectly, thus they are the primary target, while
             | Firefox & Safari will only come next.
        
           | jsnell wrote:
           | Being supported by some browsers is useless. It needs to be
           | supported by all the major browsers, as shown by webp.
           | 
           | Apple did not support JPEG XL, based on past history was
           | unlikely to do so, and despite what you say about Google
           | having the most leverage they have none on Apple. If Apple
           | doesn't want something supported, no iOS browser will support
           | it. And if no iOS browser supports a format, it is not going
           | to be useful in production.
           | 
           | I do find it hilarious that all the people who complained
           | about Chrome supporting webp then went on to complain about
           | Chrome not supporting JPEG XL. They're both Google-created
           | formats not widely supported by the ecosystem!
        
             | bbarnett wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG_XL
             | 
             | How is it Google created?
        
               | jsnell wrote:
               | It was based on Google's submission, the majority of the
               | authors are Google employees, and the majority of the
               | commits to the reference implementation were written by
               | Google employees. You mean other than that?
               | 
               | That's not to say they're the only contributors or should
               | have all the credit. But it does make the "Google is
               | trying to kill an open standard to push their own format"
               | narrative here completely moronic.
        
             | kps wrote:
             | > _I do find it hilarious that all the people who
             | complained about Chrome supporting webp then went on to
             | complain about Chrome not supporting JPEG XL._
             | 
             | They are different formats with different attributes, so
             | it's reasonable to distinguish between them. JPEG XL is a
             | general purpose image format. It's reasonable to want
             | browsers to display it. WebP and AVIF are special-purpose
             | formats, designed to leverage their corresponding video
             | decoders, for delivery of ephemeral images to end-user
             | devices. It's reasonable to object to limited formats that
             | are manifestly crowding out general ones.
        
             | RedShift1 wrote:
             | JPEG XL is not Google created. The problem here is that
             | there's a conflict of interest, Google has its own image
             | formats and they're being petty about competition.
        
               | zinekeller wrote:
               | JXL was partly derived from Google technologies although
               | it went to ISO standardisation.
        
               | bryanrasmussen wrote:
               | Ok so one is controlled by Google and one isn't, the idea
               | that any argument over them was ridiculous seems weird
               | given this salient difference.
        
               | RedShift1 wrote:
               | Heh that makes it even worse because the people who
               | decided to remove JPEG XL from Chrome claimed it was
               | technically inferior :')
        
               | jsnell wrote:
               | Of the people listed as the main authors of the JPEG XL
               | spec on Wikipedia, I believe 2 out of 3 worked at Google.
               | 
               | What's the "conflict of interest" you're talking about?
               | AVIF? How is that their own format when JPEG XL isn't?
               | 
               | If Apple, Mozilla and Microsoft wanted JPEG XL and
               | committed to supporting it, I bet Chrome could be
               | convinced to restore the support. But AFAIK those
               | companies have made no such commitment, or even any kind
               | of indication of intent. Why should we have another image
               | format that gets only implemented in Chrome, not the
               | wider web ecosystem? (Of course, they too are members of
               | the foundation building AVIF. Oh my God, so many
               | conflicts of interest!)
        
               | ksec wrote:
               | >Of the people listed as the main authors of the JPEG XL
               | spec on Wikipedia, I believe 2 out of 3 worked at Google.
               | 
               | Google _Research_. Which is similar to Microsoft
               | Research.
        
               | jsnell wrote:
               | I don't know what distinction you're trying to draw
               | there.
        
             | bryanrasmussen wrote:
             | >And if no iOS browser supports a format, it is not going
             | to be useful in production.
             | 
             | graphics heavy sites often optimize for various platforms
             | instead of serving to just one standard.
        
         | kps wrote:
         | > [0]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG_XL#Industry_support_and_a...
         | 
         | JPEG XL is a general purpose image format, like JPEG and PNG,
         | but improved. WebP is not a serious modern image format; it
         | doesn't even support 16-bit channels. WebP has one specific
         | purpose: web delivery of ephemeral images, leveraging VP8
         | hardware decoding driven by consumer consumption devices.
         | That's what Google, and web-oriented companies in general, care
         | about. They have no particular interest in general purpose
         | image formats.
        
           | GoblinSlayer wrote:
           | Here have it: https://github.com/GoogleChromeLabs/squoosh/tre
           | e/dev/codecs/...
        
           | Spivak wrote:
           | That seems fine then? Browsers are consumer consumption
           | devices. And you have different formats good for other
           | things. That's Apple's philosophy for HEIC.
        
             | webkike wrote:
             | No they are not. They are information delivery devices
             | being co-opted for content consumption
        
             | kps wrote:
             | Although I'm not personally a fan of web apps or Electron,
             | the reality is that browsers are _not just_ consumer
             | consumption devices. And my reading of
             | http://crbug.com/1178058 is that the existence of WebP and
             | AVIF is being used as a justification for removing JPEG XL
             | support.
        
         | unethical_ban wrote:
         | You see it's chicken and egg, but then ask why people are upset
         | that the giant chicken with the ability to put out 10,000 eggs
         | a week dropped a feature that was already in their product.
        
       | devinprater wrote:
       | FSF slams Google? Do they even have enough power to slap
       | companies on the wrist anymore?
        
         | BuyMyBitcoins wrote:
         | "Slammed" is a word journalists love to use for when one entity
         | criticizes another, regardless of impact or severity. It's a
         | trope that seems to have been around for a long time.
        
       | bunbun69 wrote:
       | I thought HackerNews and Reddit hated words such as "slams" in
       | the title. Guess it's okay now because we love FSF and Phoronix
        
       | samwillis wrote:
       | > _While we can 't link to Google's issue tracker directly
       | because of another freedom issue -- its use of nonfree JavaScript
       | -- we're told ..._
       | 
       | While there may be genuinely good arguments for keeping JPEG-XL,
       | I cannot take seriously the arguments of an organisation that
       | cuts itself off from the rest of the world for such silly
       | reasons.
       | 
       | Edit: Google's argument that there wasn't enough interest is
       | equally impossible to take seriously when it was always behind an
       | optional flag. No web devs are going to invest time in developing
       | JPEG-XL functionality until their users can actually use it.
        
         | kps wrote:
         | Chromium's issue tracker appears to be open source, under the
         | same BSD-type license as the core browser.
         | https://chromium.googlesource.com/infra/infra/+/refs/heads/m...
         | 
         | The deployment references google-analytics, but everyone
         | already blocks that, right?
        
         | jacooper wrote:
         | And that exact mindset made them totally irrelevant in the real
         | world. The FSFE and other organizations like the EFF and the
         | EDRI are much more relevant and have a bigger impact than an
         | org which still insists on using devices from 2007
        
         | guilhas wrote:
         | I agree with the FSF principles. But they could add a picture,
         | or a link to an archive site that strips most JS. To avoid
         | users having to go and open the real thing to see it
        
           | tedunangst wrote:
           | But then they themselves may have to read the source
           | material, instead of relying on a vague "we're told" that may
           | or may not be true.
        
         | thriftwy wrote:
         | If Google's website is designed in the fashion where none of
         | the content is available statically and the only way to access
         | it is via running a blob of intrusive code, I can understand
         | their sentiment.
         | 
         | I would love people to stop linking, and posting links, to e.g.
         | Facebook because the only thing it would show me is "you have
         | to register to view this".
        
           | politelemon wrote:
           | If non-intrusive browsers existed, which could run
           | Javascript, is that considered acceptable to go to JS sites?
           | eg what about Firefox or its derivatives?
        
             | matheusmoreira wrote:
             | > If non-intrusive browsers existed, which could run
             | Javascript, is that considered acceptable to go to JS
             | sites?
             | 
             | User agents need not be browsers. What if we had a scraper
             | for every site? What if we had reverse engineered free
             | software clients for every website's API endpoints? We'd be
             | in full control.
             | 
             | People maintain humongous repositories of ad blocker
             | filters and executable countermeasures against "clever"
             | websites. Perhaps it would be feasible to maintain a
             | collection of scrapers and custom clients too.
        
             | chomp wrote:
             | No. The objection to linking to sites with JS is that they
             | contain nonfree JS blobs that spy on you, run unknown
             | obfuscated code, and are not open to modification, because
             | they're almost always obfuscated.
        
               | Eduard wrote:
               | Still silly, because whoever cares about that stance can
               | just visit the site with (requests for) Javascript
               | disabled.
        
               | jraph wrote:
               | Chromium bug tracker doesn't work with Javascript
               | disabled.
        
             | aendruk wrote:
             | The FSF opposes _nonfree_ i.e. proprietary software.
             | JavaScript is fine if properly licensed:
             | 
             | https://www.gnu.org/software/librejs/free-your-javascript
             | 
             | Just like any other software.
        
               | thriftwy wrote:
               | I wonder what FSF thinks of PDF.
        
               | eesmith wrote:
               | Why do you think there is an issue?
               | 
               | The FSF - and Stallman! - publish PDF documents. At
               | https://stallman.org/cgi-
               | bin/showpage.cgi?path=/archives/202... you can see
               | Stallman uses xournal to fill in a PDF form.
        
               | Kwpolska wrote:
               | I wouldn't be surprised if RMS said "I don't file tax
               | returns, because I would have to either (a) use nonfree
               | online filing software, (b) use nonfree PDF technologies
               | (since the US Form 1040 features XFA forms, and Wikipedia
               | says the are nonfree [0]), or (c) hire an accountant, but
               | they would also be using nonfree software, and the IRS is
               | using proprietary software to process the tax returns
               | anyway, so therefore I am not filing them".
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XFA
        
               | eesmith wrote:
               | The link I gave described that exact topic. Stallman
               | wrote:
               | 
               | "I do not submit my tax returns on line because it
               | requires nonfree software. I use xournal to write my data
               | on the PDF form, and print that. As I have no printer, I
               | will visit a copying store to do the printing."
               | 
               | Note that the copying store will be using a printer with
               | nonfree software.
               | 
               | Thus, your (a) is correct, your (b) appears to be
               | incorrect as Stallman was doing this 3 years ago, and
               | your (c) is incorrect as Stallman doesn't have that
               | objection.
               | 
               | We futher know (c) is incorrect because Stallman at
               | https://stallman.org/rms-lifestyle.html write that he
               | will use someone else's cell phone, even though it it not
               | free.
               | 
               | Regarding (b), I can't tell if the 1040 at
               | https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f1040.pdf uses XFA forms
               | ("deprecated in PDF 2.0", in 2017), but it appears to
               | work in Firefox, which I believe is using free software.
               | Even if it does, you can order the forms at
               | https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/forms-and-publications-by-
               | us-... or visit a post office or library (see
               | https://www.irs.com/en/articles/local-irs-tax-forms ).
               | 
               | These do not require using software, so I don't see why
               | you conclude that Stallman would have a free software
               | objection to filing taxes at all.
        
               | Kwpolska wrote:
               | When you open the form linked, SumatraPDF will warn that
               | "The document uses unsupported features (XFA) and might
               | not render properly", and it cannot fill out the form.
               | Perhaps it's not XFA specifically, but some other strange
               | technology.
               | 
               | I did see that note about how Stallman does his taxes.
               | But if Stallman has a sectarian objection to basic things
               | like using a cell phone, or to even more basic non-tech
               | things like personal hygiene, an objection to taxes
               | wouldn't seem far-fetched to me.
        
               | thriftwy wrote:
               | PDF is a programming language, or at least PostScript is.
               | I wonder if Stallman will refuse to open a random PS
               | file?
        
               | pama wrote:
               | At worst, postscript can crash your printer or take up a
               | lot of cpu. There are no networking libraries or access
               | to system stuff for postscript. So it should be safe for
               | all practical purposes assuming you don't care about the
               | possible inconveniences that any Turing complete language
               | can provide. This is a very different concern than
               | executing random JavaScript.
        
               | thriftwy wrote:
               | I can't imagine why you would not be able to run site
               | JavaScript in sandboxed manner (it already is) - just
               | throw in some additional limitations and you are done.
               | 
               | This will break JS on some sites but not all of them, but
               | that is apparently not sufficient for Stallman & co.
        
               | eesmith wrote:
               | I don't think there's any doubt that Postscript would
               | have the same copyright and software freedom issues as
               | Javascript. I myself have written a GUI Postscript
               | program for NeWS.
               | 
               | So yes, of course Stallman would have objections to some
               | Postscript files.
        
         | neilv wrote:
         | Unfortunately, I think this is a phenomenon with the FSF...
         | 
         | They want to raise a point X, which could in theory be
         | communicated in a persuasive way.
         | 
         | But they can't resist also mentioning their zero-tolerance on
         | unrelated point Y.
         | 
         | I think the Y makes people tend to go WTF, and then dismiss
         | both X and Y.
         | 
         | Every time now, I'm thinking "You don't have to always mention
         | Y!"
         | 
         | On at least a couple occasions, I actually abandoned an
         | argument I was making on some X in a venue, because some FSF
         | person jumped in with a Y. If I didn't know they were a true-
         | believer in Y and at least sympathetic to X, I'd think they
         | were trying to discredit both.
         | 
         | The FSF has some great principles, but a lot of the
         | communications don't seem to be calibrated for me, nor for my
         | understanding of anyone else.
        
           | jzb wrote:
           | I've been saying this for years and years. [1] The FSF / GNU
           | folks are only preaching to the choir and don't really have
           | any positive solutions.
           | 
           | They're happy to tell you what not to do, what software not
           | to use (and what software they won't use) but that's it.
           | 
           | Their communications are calibrated for true believers only.
           | They rely heavily on the reader/audience 1) agreeing with a
           | fairly extreme position relative to the mainstream, and 2)
           | the idea that the FSF/GNU has a position of authority/trust
           | with the audience.
           | 
           | What's annoying is that I agree with them on the idea that
           | deprecating JPEG-XL is counter to user interests and that
           | Google has too much power. But they could've led with IceCat
           | and made a more pragmatic case that might resonate with a
           | larger audience. Hilariously, though, "building binary
           | packages for Windows and MacOS currently requires nonfree
           | software, so we no longer distribute binary packages for
           | those platforms."
           | 
           | So... if you're already happy to be an Orthodox Free Software
           | True Believer then you have an alternative. If you aren't,
           | well, too damn bad. If you're a budding free software fan but
           | happen to have a macOS machine or Windows machine your
           | parents supplied, too bad. If you'd like to make a work
           | computer slightly more free, too bad. Etc.
           | 
           | [1] https://web.archive.org/web/20100703110224/http://www.lin
           | ux-... [2] https://www.gnu.org/software/gnuzilla/
        
             | chx wrote:
             | > If you're a budding free software fan but happen to have
             | a macOS machine or Windows machine your parents supplied,
             | too bad.
             | 
             | There's much more to this. I have tried for well over a
             | decade to run Linux as my daily driver on my laptop and
             | gave up in 2018 January and just run Windows + WSL,
             | especially since WSL2 this is quite good. There's always
             | something that doesn't work. (And yes, if all you connect
             | your laptop to is a normal wifi then your experience might
             | differ. My problems were with Bluetooth, enterprise wifi
             | and multifunctional printers.) It's entirely possible some
             | people would prefer not running Linux because the
             | manufacturers refuse to pay much attention to it.
             | 
             | I have been on Linux since 1993. Still running it on
             | servers and router. It's still not the year of Linux on the
             | desktop.
        
           | matheusmoreira wrote:
           | FSF is the uncompromising idealist for better and for worse.
           | It takes some serious balls to live life the way RMS does,
           | fetching HTML by sending email and all that. No one else
           | wants to be that extreme, so even though they value computing
           | freedom in the abstract they compromise and tolerate little
           | injustices in the name of getting things done.
           | 
           | At the end of the day RMS is still right though. Those little
           | injustices add up, the corporations creep up on you slowly
           | and next thing you know you're being surveilled by the
           | javascript you used to see as harmless, and soon you learn
           | how to tolerate that too. Dude saw ridiculously far into the
           | future even decades ago but it doesn't matter because stuff
           | like RYF certification is irrelevant and will only ever apply
           | to machines that must 20 years old by now because
           | manufacturers don't care and everyone is on mobile now
           | anyway.
        
             | grumbel wrote:
             | The Javascript issue never made sense to me. You are
             | reading a non-free document to begin with, what difference
             | does it make if it is running Javascript or not? If they
             | wanna spy on you they can do that with HTML and CSS just as
             | well. Even releasing the spying software under GPL wouldn't
             | stop it from spying on you.
             | 
             | The party one should be angry about here is the browser,
             | which provides little to no tools to show the user what is
             | going on and provides no real means to stop it. This is
             | quite a bit different from the early web days when every
             | browser had a "Javascript off" and style sheet selector
             | right in the main menu by default.
             | 
             | > Dude saw ridiculously far into the future even decades
             | ago
             | 
             | Not far enough. Ever since the whole world moved to
             | "software as a service" and your computer has become little
             | more than a thin terminal to some Google/Facebook/whatever-
             | service FSF started to feel quite out of touch. Sure, they
             | tell you "don't do that", but while that isn't wrong, it's
             | not exactly helpful either. Many service simply have to run
             | on a computer that you don't own and we need rules to
             | govern that. None of the Free Software licenses help here.
             | 
             | FSF never bothered to create any kind of licenses or best
             | practices that deal with how those services should work.
             | They are stuck in dealing with software freedom problems of
             | the 90s, not the problems we face today. Luckily we do have
             | the GDPR now, but the FSF had nothing to do with that and
             | never provided anything similar.
        
               | javajosh wrote:
               | _> The party one should be angry about here is the
               | browser, which provides little to no tools to show the
               | user what is going on_
               | 
               | Wait, what? The browser is the single best platform in
               | existence for showing people what is going on behind the
               | scenes - hit F12 and enjoy. Very few other software
               | projects give users these kinds of tools, available at
               | runtime.
               | 
               | But if you refuse to use software because of religious
               | reasons, you may not be aware of this.
        
               | robalni wrote:
               | > The Javascript issue never made sense to me. [...] Even
               | releasing the spying software under GPL wouldn't stop it
               | from spying on you.
               | 
               | Exactly. The licence is not the only problem with
               | javascript on the web because you can't use your freedoms
               | in practice anyway since the code is automatically
               | downloaded and executed when you load the page in a
               | common web browser.
               | 
               | What we need is something that allows people to choose
               | what code to run, similarly to how software traditionally
               | is downloaded and executed in two separate steps. We need
               | to get away from the assumption that people will run all
               | code you throw at them when they visit your site. Then
               | maybe licences on javascript can start to make more
               | sense.
        
               | jraph wrote:
               | > because you can't use your freedoms in practice anyway
               | 
               | Yes, you could. You can adapt the code and use an
               | extension to use your "fork" instead of the provided one.
               | A convenient extension to do this might not exist yet,
               | but you could block the website's provided JavaScript
               | with uBlock Origin / uMatrix and use your fork with
               | ViolentMonkey or another *Monkey extension. And
               | distribute your fork on some user scripts repository (for
               | instance).
               | 
               | Free software is not (only) about avoiding spying. It's
               | about running the code you want to run for any endeavor
               | you can have, and be able to study and distribute your
               | modifications.
               | 
               | I totally agree with your last paragraph and I agree
               | something should be done to deal with how (web) software
               | is distributed and run.
        
             | hammyhavoc wrote:
             | That's assuming RMS isn't just LARPing.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | principles1 wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | jmull wrote:
           | Do you really think an insult is the right rebuttal?
           | 
           | (Also, the insult is baseless, since the previous poster may
           | have strong principles, even if they aren't the same as
           | yours.)
        
             | skissane wrote:
             | New account whose first comment is flamewar-style insult-no
             | point engaging with them, they clearly aren't here for
             | constructive discussion, just flag and move on. With enough
             | flags it will go dead
             | 
             | (Can everyone flag comments? Or is there some minimum karma
             | for it? I forget.)
        
               | z500 wrote:
               | Seems the minimum karma limit is at least 4.
        
           | anotherhue wrote:
           | The keyboard you used to type this likely lacks open
           | firmware.
        
         | rightbyte wrote:
         | > I cannot take seriously the arguments of an organisation that
         | cuts itself off from the rest of the world for such silly
         | reasons.
         | 
         | Why would they risk unsuspecting visitors running Google code
         | on their computer? It is a spyware company.
         | 
         | There is nothing silly about not wanting to link to Google.
         | Maybe futile given their market domination. But not silly.
        
       | Jyaif wrote:
       | In this case, Google should be applauded for not pushing down
       | everyone's throat a new image format _they_ created.
        
         | chomp wrote:
         | Ehhh not quite. Google has some technology in JPEG-XL, but
         | theirs isn't the only in the project, there's other code too,
         | plus the JPEG group's development, and it's an ISO standard.
         | 
         | WebP is just flat out a Google thing, no standards body other
         | than Google.
        
           | zamadatix wrote:
           | The article is about avif not webp. Note the editors (past
           | and present) for the AOM avif specification don't even
           | include Google https://aomediacodec.github.io/av1-avif/
           | Google was involved in each format but not responsible for on
           | in control of either.
        
           | Jyaif wrote:
           | I see. Thank you!
        
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