[HN Gopher] American IQ scores have rapidly dropped, proving the...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       American IQ scores have rapidly dropped, proving the 'Reverse Flynn
       effect'
        
       Author : hirundo
       Score  : 83 points
       Date   : 2023-04-10 13:00 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.popularmechanics.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.popularmechanics.com)
        
       | patrulek wrote:
       | N?
        
         | twobitshifter wrote:
         | 400,000 over 12 year period
        
           | runarberg wrote:
           | Not quite. The data was scraped from an open source database.
           | They used Synthetic Aperture Personality Assessment Project
           | (SAPA) which only gives the partial test to each participant,
           | and than interpolates for the rest of the test.
           | 
           | The full set of items in SAPA can be as high as 500. They
           | supposedly found the reverse Flynn effect by only looking at
           | results from 35 (over a 12 year period) and another set of 60
           | (over a 7 years period). This should be a red flag, and raise
           | suspicions of cherry-picking and p-hacking.
           | 
           | This is not to mention anything about the validity of
           | interpreting the combination of some items from SAPA as
           | _intelligence_. The SAPA authors don't do that, neither did
           | the researchers that originally collected the data, neither
           | did the participants, that is only done by the researches of
           | this particular paper. And to add another red flag, this
           | paper was published in a pretty disgraced journal
           | _Intelligence_ , which has been proven to publish plenty of
           | pseudo-scientific results where they stretch the statistics
           | with an agenda aligned with the eugenics movement.
        
       | rickstanley wrote:
       | All of America or just north America?
        
       | runarberg wrote:
       | IQ research is at its end of life as a scientific quest. I'm
       | willing to declare all modern intelligence research pseudo-
       | scientific at this point. This includes this research.
       | 
       | There are number of red flags in this article. Most importantly,
       | the journal it is published in _Intelligence_ is not a reputable
       | journal at all. It has been linked to the eugenics movement, has
       | been shown to publish a number of pseudo-scientific articles,
       | kept disgraced pseudo-scientist and racist Richard Lynn on its
       | board until 2018, etc. The current editor in chief Richard J.
       | Haier was one of 52 signatories on _"Mainstream Science on
       | Intelligence"_ which was a defense of the very racist and pseudo-
       | science book _The Bell Curve_.
        
         | l5ymep wrote:
         | Apart from heresy, what is your counterargument to the bell
         | curve?
        
         | lambic2 wrote:
         | Studying human athletic performance was also done by some
         | eugenics movements, so by your logic we should stop all studies
         | of human athletic performance?
        
       | exogeny wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | beaned wrote:
         | I haven't read the comments there but IQ differences among
         | genetic groups is real and deeply studied, it is one of the
         | least refutable things about homo sapiens that we know. Should
         | we be able to talk about it?
        
           | thebooktocome wrote:
           | There's a razor's-edge between "why can't we talk about
           | [racial difference X]" and "[racial difference X] means
           | they're infrahuman."
           | 
           | If you're interested in the contours of this debate, I
           | recommend Paul Gilroy's "Postcolonial Melancholia".
        
             | triggerw4rn wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
           | kepler1 wrote:
           | The problem I see on this topic is that many people takes
           | sides on the debate it as if it were an immutable story, to
           | be used as a judgement for all time, fueling people's good or
           | bad political purposes.
           | 
           | But if anything, time and history has shown us that even if
           | you adopt the proposition that IQ scores measure something
           | meaningful and some groups score less than others -- _the
           | situation is totally changeable and moveable_. People become
           | more educated, more skilled, share more culturally over time.
           | 
           | There is nothing _intrinsic_ about IQ that cannot change. So
           | to use is as if it means someone is  "inferior" is just a
           | fallacy or at best a blinded snapshot in time.
           | 
           | Don't use the concept this way.
        
             | beaned wrote:
             | I said nothing of the sort. I said that the difference
             | exists and asked if we should be able to talk about it.
        
             | triggerw4rn wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
       | jmclnx wrote:
       | I read somewhere a couple of years ago, some scientists showed
       | that as CO2 levels rise, IQ scores drop.
       | 
       | But, me, I fully believe it is due to the war on public education
       | by the US GOP. I wish these articles broke down these scores by
       | school type the children go/went to.
       | 
       | Kids sent to high end private schools by their ultra rich parents
       | probably have seen no such decline. It is like the US is trying
       | to move into a caste society, ruling class and serf class.
       | 
       | edit: spelling
        
         | sfblah wrote:
         | I would like to believe this, but as someone with pretty
         | privileged kids, it's not this. It's the phones.
        
         | ravenstine wrote:
         | There's not even close to enough CO2 in the atmosphere to have
         | that profound of an effect on our IQ. If it was then our own
         | breath would give us all brain damage and our species would
         | have gone extinct millions of years ago. Pollution and poor air
         | circulation indoors is one thing, but the ambient CO2 in the
         | atmosphere outdoors is another.
        
           | davorak wrote:
           | I think it would be hard to directly study the ~1/3,
           | ~320-420ppm increase in background CO2 levels over the last
           | ~60 years: https://www.climate.gov/news-
           | features/understanding-climate/...
           | 
           | Maybe raising rats in different CO2 levels over several
           | generations. I would be interested in the results of a study
           | like that.
        
       | pcurve wrote:
       | Drop in: 1. logic and vocabulary. 2. visual problem solving and
       | analogies 3. computational and mathematical abilities
       | 
       | Increase in: 1. scores in spatial reasoning (known as 3D
       | rotation)
       | 
       | "And, it should be said, there has long been debate over how
       | accurately IQ tests are able to gauge overall intelligence and
       | potential for success in society in the first place."
       | 
       | That's not what this psychologist concluded:
       | 
       | "Top psychologist: IQ is the No. 1 predictor of work success"
       | 
       | https://www.cnbc.com/2022/07/11/does-iq-determine-success-a-...
       | 
       | Anyway, I don't think it's bad to just admit that people
       | intelligence is declining. The world has evolved such that you
       | need less of it to get by.
        
         | staunton wrote:
         | > The world has evolved such that you need less of it to get
         | by.
         | 
         | Not so sure about that. Do you need more intelligence for
         | "working the fields with basic tools" or for an average job in
         | your country?
         | 
         | This might change when AI becomes economically relevant and the
         | "value of intelligence" plummets.
        
         | slashdev wrote:
         | > Anyway, I don't think it's bad to just admit that people
         | intelligence is declining.
         | 
         | I think that couldn't be more serious or important. I can't
         | tell if you're being sarcastic or not.
        
       | vannevar wrote:
       | It's not mentioned in the article, but this could also be a
       | sampling issue. Samples from previous decades might've been more
       | limited or self-selected. The internet may mean that a broader,
       | more representative sample of the population is being tested, and
       | you're just seeing regression to the mean.
        
       | dragontamer wrote:
       | IQ tests weren't designed to determine good vs better humans. It
       | was designed to determine mentally deficient vs below-average
       | humans.
       | 
       | Consider a weightlifting competition where the weight-limit were
       | 20lbs (10-kilograms). You'd be able to determine those with
       | severe injuries or deficiencies vs a typical human, but you
       | wouldn't be able to determine a peak-athlete from an average
       | person.
       | 
       | ---------
       | 
       | Now sure, we can increase the reps to absurd levels, like "200
       | reps of 20lbs", which will start to separate out the athletes
       | from the typical humans. And that's roughly what the upper-end of
       | the IQ test does: you need to be more-and-more accurate / fewer
       | mistakes to reach 115, 120, 125 IQ or above. But we've have
       | pushed the test far beyond its intended purpose.
       | 
       | IQ itself partially depends on a somewhat unproven concept of
       | "general intelligence", which IIRC no one is even sure if it
       | applies to average (or smarter) humans.
        
       | BigCryo wrote:
       | Hmmm... Apparently IQ's did drop sharply when I was away
        
       | rahimnathwani wrote:
       | This blog post asserts that IQ scores didn't drop for the
       | population as a whole, and that the drop for each individual
       | group is due to changing composition of that group:
       | 
       | https://emilkirkegaard.dk/en/2023/03/new-study-didnt-really-...
       | 
       | For example, if the % of people who do a postgraduate degree goes
       | doubles, it's no longer such a select group, so you'd expect the
       | average IQ of postgraduate degree holders to go down. This
       | doesn't mean IQ scores are going down for the population as a
       | whole.
       | 
       | One more thing: why do so many papers that present charts that
       | show how a mean or median changes over time, without also
       | presenting charts that show how the distribution has changed over
       | time?
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | It's worth looking up whose blog this is before trusting any of
         | its analysis.
        
           | rahimnathwani wrote:
           | I'd never heard of this person before finding this blog post
           | via Google. So I trust the post as much as I trust any random
           | blog post that seems to make a reasonable argument :)
        
             | tedivm wrote:
             | You trust one of these random people enough to promote it.
             | It's not unreasonable for people to point out that the
             | author is quite infamous for his viewpoints.
        
               | rahimnathwani wrote:
               | I didn't mean to imply I didn't appreciate people telling
               | me more about this guy. I apologise if that's how my
               | comment came across.
        
               | nostrademons wrote:
               | It's an ad-hominem (in the original sense of the word: an
               | ad-hominem fallacy is one where the truth or falsity of
               | an argument is determined by the trustworthiness of its
               | proponent rather than by the content of the argument
               | itself).
               | 
               | Is he right? The argument is plausible: the study
               | measures _online_ IQ tests. Certainly in my experience
               | the average person online has gotten dumber in the 30
               | years I 've been on the Internet, because Internet access
               | has expanded and it's now the general population rather
               | than just upper-middle-class academics. But we'd need to
               | see comparisons vs. _offline_ IQ tests, given to a
               | randomly-sampled selection of the population, to be sure.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | It's not a fallacy to attack someone's historical
               | reliability in making arguments.
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | Now you have. Adjust accordingly. I'm not telling you how
             | to adjust, only that you're likely to want to.
        
               | rahimnathwani wrote:
               | Yup. 100% agree :)
        
           | graycat wrote:
           | Naw!!! "trust ... analysis"??? How does it go, "trust none of
           | what you hear and only half of what you read and still will
           | trust twice too much??? Not entirely a joke!
           | 
           | Lately been trying to get some summary, intuitive
           | _understanding_ of a lot of Internet _content_ and have begun
           | to conclude that there is something can _trust_ (also not
           | entirely a joke): The authors of the content want readers,
           | and their content is something the authors want those readers
           | to believe!!!
           | 
           | When I wanted something I could _trust_ , ended up as a math
           | major. But: Can't answer enough questions with just math. So,
           | one resulting lesson from being a math major is, need to
           | learn to work with _content_ can 't completely trust. E.g.,
           | in part, might keep in mind the advice "(1) Always look for
           | the hidden agenda. (2) Follow the money."
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | NoImmatureAdHom wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | A summary:
           | 
           | https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Emil_O._W._Kirkegaard
        
             | strken wrote:
             | I have very low trust in RationalWiki, so here's a related
             | Wikipedia article instead:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenPsych
        
         | itronitron wrote:
         | What does it mean for a % of something to 'goes doubles' ?
        
         | ParksNet wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | jasonladuke0311 wrote:
           | Yet again we play "Hacker News: satire or not?"
        
         | polski-g wrote:
         | By just comparing TFR across income (read: IQ) groups, you can
         | know that IQ is dropping.
        
       | greenhearth wrote:
       | Is there anyone surprised, really?
        
       | GalenErso wrote:
       | > interestingly, scores in spatial reasoning went up
       | 
       | Wild guess: video games. More Americans play or used to play
       | video games than ever. And 3D games require players to understand
       | an environment to navigate it.
        
         | thriftwy wrote:
         | The prevalence of maps in our lifes via handheld devices could
         | also contribute.
        
       | gantron wrote:
       | How does an article like this get published without summarizing
       | the specific results or quantifying the drop?
        
         | Jeff_Brown wrote:
         | Seriously. A few time series plots would be far more
         | informative than all that blather.
        
         | carabiner wrote:
         | Low IQ scores.
        
       | faeriechangling wrote:
       | Could this have to so with smart people increasing pursuing
       | hedonism over reproduction? Maybe Idiocracy was right all along.
       | 
       | From a strict evolutionary perspective I have doubts that a high
       | IQ is useful anymore.
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | The point of the original Flynn effect being a big deal was
         | that the changes were faster than was possible with genetics
         | alone.
         | 
         | A big part of "The Bell Curve" was arguing that no
         | interventions could change IQ except genetics and so any money
         | spent on low IQ people (African-Americans in the book, but the
         | author followed up by attacking poor people more generally) was
         | a pointless waste.
         | 
         | It turns out he wasn't just an asshole, he was also wrong.
        
           | PathOfEclipse wrote:
           | I've never read the "Bell Curve", and I'm not a huge fan of
           | Charles Murray's work in general, but, from the first line in
           | Wikpedia:
           | 
           | "The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American
           | Life is a 1994 book by psychologist Richard J. Herrnstein and
           | political scientist Charles Murray, in which the authors
           | argue that human intelligence is substantially influenced by
           | both inherited and environmental factors."
           | 
           | That statement completely contradicts what your claim about
           | the book, and now I am disinclined to trust you.. Later on
           | another statement also completely contradicts what you are
           | saying:
           | 
           | "According to Herrnstein and Murray, the high heritability of
           | IQ within races does not necessarily mean that the cause of
           | differences between races is genetic. On the other hand, they
           | discuss lines of evidence that have been used to support the
           | thesis that the black-white gap is at least partly genetic,
           | such as Spearman's hypothesis. They also discuss possible
           | environmental explanations of the gap, such as the observed
           | generational increases in IQ, for which they coin the term
           | Flynn effect"
        
           | faeriechangling wrote:
           | I agree it probably isn't genetics alone, notably the
           | increase in visual spatial skills I would suspect to have
           | more to do with video games than genetics.
           | 
           | I have yet to read "the bell curve" said, but did they really
           | use an argument that flew in the face of the abundant
           | evidence of IQ increases unlinked to genetics as a result of
           | better nutrition and education? Hell America gained a few IQ
           | points nationwide from banning leaded gasoline alone so we
           | also knew of environmental means to affect IQ levels. This
           | was all known about and very well established at the time of
           | authorship. Is there an excerpt?
        
             | Izkata wrote:
             | I haven't read it either, but even just a quick look at
             | Wikipedia shows the other responders don't know what
             | they're talking about:
             | 
             | > According to Herrnstein and Murray, the high heritability
             | of IQ within races does not necessarily mean that the cause
             | of differences between races is genetic. On the other hand,
             | they discuss lines of evidence that have been used to
             | support the thesis that the black-white gap is at least
             | partly genetic, such as Spearman's hypothesis. They also
             | discuss possible environmental explanations of the gap,
             | such as the observed generational increases in IQ, for
             | which they coin the term Flynn effect. At the close of this
             | discussion, they write:
             | 
             | > > If the reader is now convinced that either the genetic
             | or environmental explanation has won out to the exclusion
             | of the other, we have not done a sufficiently good job of
             | presenting one side or the other. It seems highly likely to
             | us that both genes and environment have something to do
             | with racial differences. What might the mix be? We are
             | resolutely agnostic on that issue; as far as we can
             | determine, the evidence does not yet justify an estimate.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bell_Curve#Part_III._The_
             | N...
             | 
             | The part I find especially amusing is how often the Flynn
             | effect is used to refute The Bell Curve, even though the
             | term "Flynn effect" comes from The Bell Curve.
        
               | runarberg wrote:
               | There are many ways to refute _The Bell Curve_. In
               | addition to the Flynn effect, the science in it are plain
               | bad, the policy proposals they enlist don't necessarily
               | follow their scientifically flawed results, it repeatedly
               | cites a disgraced eugenicist as source, it was never peer
               | reviewed etc. At this point, nothing in this book should
               | be accepted as nothing more than a poor attempt at
               | scientific racism. Let alone should anyone take any sort
               | of scientific consensus. Other than the fact that it was
               | wrong.
               | 
               | This YouTube video[1] does a fair job of summarizing the
               | bulk of what is wrong with this book. But IMO very fact
               | that the book is an apologia for eugenicists should be
               | enough of a critique, you shouldn't need any more.
               | 
               | 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBc7qBS1Ujo
               | 
               | PS. Regarding the naming of the Flynn effect:
               | 
               | > Flynn stated that, if asked, he would have named the
               | effect after Read D. Tuddenham who "was the first to
               | present convincing evidence of massive gains on mental
               | tests using a nationwide sample" in a 1948 article
        
             | runarberg wrote:
             | > did they really use an argument that flew in the face of
             | the abundant evidence of IQ increases unlinked to genetics
             | as a result of better nutrition and education?
             | 
             | Yes they did, and they did a lot worse than that. And that
             | is the reason why the scientific community was very fast to
             | discredit this book. The science in it were bad, to say the
             | least. It wasn't even peer reviewed. I think the decline in
             | IQ research is in large part thanks to the pushback this
             | book rightfully got.
             | 
             | It is actually nice that this books is raised here, because
             | the journal this study was published in _Intelligence_ has
             | its ties to true believers of _The Bell Curve_. Richard J.
             | Haier is the editor in chief signed an editorial defending
             | this book back in 1994. And the board included disgraced
             | eugenicist Richard Lynn (whos discredited pseudo-scientific
             | work cited throughout the book) was on the editorial board
             | until 2018.
        
               | PathOfEclipse wrote:
               | > Yes they did, and they did a lot worse than that
               | 
               | See above reply. Wikepedia completely contradicts what
               | you are saying. I also know what you're saying about AEI
               | is mostly garbage, too.
        
             | ZeroGravitas wrote:
             | You are being overly charitable.
             | 
             | He worked at the American Enterprise Institute, so if you
             | just imagine their attitude to the scientific facts of
             | climate change, transposed onto genetics, you'll have a
             | good idea of what they were saying. So it's not so much as
             | not being aware of the science, but of not liking the
             | obvious policy conclusions it leads to and so having to
             | work really hard to counter it.
             | 
             | https://www.desmog.com/american-enterprise-institute/
        
           | HDThoreaun wrote:
           | Absolutely not what Murray said in the bell curve. It's not a
           | very hard book to attack, so I'm not sure why people always
           | go for strawmen. Please post anything from the book that
           | comes anywhere close to saying IQ is 100% genetic.
        
           | runarberg wrote:
           | What is going on with _Bell Curve_ apologists all of a sudden
           | replying to this post. I thought the debate was slowly fading
           | out and than I count 5 different account replying within an
           | hour.
        
           | moonchrome wrote:
           | > A big part of "The Bell Curve" was arguing that no
           | interventions could change IQ except genetics and so any
           | money spent on low IQ people (African-Americans in the book,
           | but the author followed up by attacking poor people more
           | generally) was a pointless waste.
           | 
           | It should be self-evident that you can lower IQ through
           | environment (injury, developmental issues, malnourishment,
           | etc.). So even if you believe there's a genetic ceiling to
           | IQ, Flynn effect (and reverse) don't contradict that.
        
         | polski-g wrote:
         | IQ hasn't been beneficial to evolution for over 100 years. Once
         | means-tested welfare came into existence, being low-IQ became
         | more advantageous. The reason Europe was able to take over the
         | world is that they taxed the poor (low-IQ) more than the rich
         | in the dark ages and the rich out-bred the poor for at least 2
         | generations.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | majormajor wrote:
           | One of the first European world powers after the dark ages,
           | Portugal, was not more advanced than many of the areas it
           | attacked _except for in weaponry_ since Europe had been
           | infighting while other math and science was being pursued in
           | eastern parts of the world. Regardless of what percentage of
           | motivation you ascribe to  "we want their shit" vs "we want
           | them to take our religion," I don't think you can say it was
           | an advantage or motivation driven by intelligence.
           | 
           | ("The rich outbred the poor" also seems very dubious, labor
           | was still very manual, so you gotta have someone to do it.)
        
           | faeriechangling wrote:
           | Very arguably social welfare resulted in the biggest increase
           | in IQ levels in history as general health, nutrition, and
           | education improved. Also social welfare improved social
           | mobility which should cause IQ to have more of an impact
           | rather than less of one.
           | 
           | I am not rejecting this point but I have a hard time
           | accepting it Carte Blanche. If anything if IQ is lowering for
           | generic reasons I would suspect birth control as a cause
           | especially since it's a more recent phenomenon than means
           | tested welfare.
        
             | laverya wrote:
             | Social welfare could do BOTH things - dramatically increase
             | IQ for the next generation (that grows up with proper
             | nutrition etc) while also remove the selective pressure
             | that increased IQ over the course of centuries.
        
           | notch898b wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
         | giraffe_lady wrote:
         | From a strict evolutionary perspective it probably hasn't been
         | for a long time and likely never was as significant on an
         | individual level as people like to believe.
         | 
         | The only things being selected for in modern humans, _if
         | anything_ , are going to be things like disease resistance,
         | maybe tolerance to some chemical contaminants in food & water,
         | air pollution. And even then only in some parts of the world.
        
           | armatav wrote:
           | Nope - sexual selection still takes place regardless of
           | environmental survival factors.
           | 
           | And sexual selection takes place faster and can lead
           | populations to scenarios that induce natural selection.
        
         | yucky wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | triggerwarn wrote:
           | [dead]
        
           | readthenotes1 wrote:
           | Funny, because I believe the argument of the alt-right is
           | that the elitists are also brainwashed and controlled to be
           | puppets of the socialist secret Nanny deep state
        
           | localplume wrote:
           | [dead]
        
       | iamerroragent wrote:
       | They say scores in spatial reasoning went up while analogies,
       | vocabulary, and numerical reasoning declined.
       | 
       | Hmmm I wonder if an increase use of videogames paired with a
       | decrease in the amount of time parents can spend communicating
       | with their children might be related.
       | 
       | Note that over the last 30 years it's vastly transitioned from
       | one parent staying home raising children to both parents working.
        
         | skywhopper wrote:
         | Not sure where you got your data, but from what I can find, the
         | rate of stay at home parents has mostly stayed unchanged
         | between 1989 and 2018: https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-
         | tank/2018/09/24/stay-at-hom...
        
           | count wrote:
           | '30 years ago' is 1970 to 2000 I bet :)
        
             | iamerroragent wrote:
             | Hahaha you raise a good point. I'm thinking in the
             | perspective of 90s view on stay-home parents shrinking
             | where as since 2000's that trend has changed:
             | 
             | https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/04/08/7-key-
             | findi...
             | 
             | Nearly 50% of households in the 70s had a stay-at-home
             | parent. So a larger number of parents today grew up with
             | working parents than 5 decades ago.
        
           | iamerroragent wrote:
           | Huh that is interesting.
           | 
           | https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-
           | releases/2020/estimate...
           | 
           | Here is a pretty clear indication that people are just not
           | having children.
           | 
           | Maybe the percentage of stay at home parents has stayed the
           | same but the number of stay at home parents has shrunk
           | because the number of all parents has just shrunk as well.
           | 
           | None of that really helps indicate why IQ in certain metrics
           | related to communication would be in decline. Since the
           | percentages are the same you would think outcomes would be
           | similar then.
           | 
           | So are kids getting dumber or are parents just getting worse?
           | 
           | Or other factors in our environment are contributing to this.
           | An increase in smart devices autocorrecting and doing 'math'
           | for us for example.
        
             | notch898b wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | elhudy wrote:
         | Humans are incredibly adaptive. Is there much reason to have an
         | expansive vocabulary nowadays? We are taught to speak and write
         | as concisely and understandably as possible. We can look up the
         | definition of any word at our fingertips. "[I do not] carry
         | such information in my mind since it is readily available in
         | books." - Einstein.
         | 
         | Maybe these tests are declining because they are measuring
         | skills that are decreasingly relevant? I'm not certain I
         | believe this myself but it's an interesting thought.
        
           | burnished wrote:
           | Your vocabulary is tied to your expressive power and your
           | ability to form coherent and compelling arguments. I'd argue
           | that without an expansive vocabulary you would struggle to
           | write with precision let alone brevity.
           | 
           | Not that its wrong to question, I just think you'd need to do
           | more work supporting the idea that language skills are less
           | important today for some reason.
        
             | dist1ll wrote:
             | > Your vocabulary is tied to your expressive power and your
             | ability to form coherent and compelling arguments
             | 
             | It goes way further. A restricted language limits your
             | thinking, perception and even _imagination_.
             | 
             | One mind-blowing example of this are experiments done on
             | color perception. It turns out that the categories for
             | colors in your particular language (green, blue, red for
             | English) are strongly tied to your ability to perceive them
             | as different. If your language is less granular, you'll
             | have more trouble distinguishing categories of color that
             | don't map cleanly to your language.
             | 
             | It's not a big leap to think that the same applies for
             | creativity, artistic expression or mathematical and
             | scientific ingenuity.
        
           | riversflow wrote:
           | * * *
        
           | staunton wrote:
           | > We are taught to speak and write as concisely and
           | understandably as possible.
           | 
           | One day... I believe.
        
         | stonemetal12 wrote:
         | If the Norwegians are to be believed then no.
         | 
         | > A study of Norwegian military conscripts' test records found
         | that IQ scores have been falling for generations born after the
         | year 1975, and that the underlying cause of both initial
         | increasing and subsequent falling trends appears to be
         | environmental rather than genetic.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_quotient
        
         | Apocryphon wrote:
         | Reminds me of this "The humble pocket calculator should have
         | taken Sociology by storm half a century ago." post criticizing
         | how psychometrics has become bunk as it hasn't kept up with the
         | times:
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29798887
        
       | xkcd1963 wrote:
       | Intelligence can't be generalised.
        
       | throwawayterror wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | graycat wrote:
       | > "... with many attributing the change to various environmental
       | factors."
       | 
       | How 'bout _social_ factors?
        
       | squokko wrote:
       | Fewer than half of the hypereducated peers I know have kids,
       | while my gardener has 8 kids, so I expect that this trend will
       | continue
        
         | Havoc wrote:
         | Education is not IQ
        
           | Clubber wrote:
           | >Education is not IQ
           | 
           | This is true but I suspect people with higher IQs tend to
           | have more education. Probably because they are "good" at
           | learning while someone with a lower IQ struggles more and
           | doesn't like it because of that.
        
           | squokko wrote:
           | My gardener is not high IQ. Good guy and hard worker but
           | there has got to be some correlation between IQ and
           | education.
        
             | Apocryphon wrote:
             | Chris Langan was a bouncer for twenty years
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Langan
        
               | squokko wrote:
               | What do you think this proves, and why?
        
               | Apocryphon wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
             | sainez wrote:
             | > My gardener is not high IQ.
             | 
             | Wow! You must have ran a battery of IQ tests to assert this
             | with such absolute certainty.
             | 
             | My father used to be a gardener to make ends meet. Because
             | of a lack of education and a language barrier, I'm sure he
             | would appear low IQ as well. Now he works in electronics
             | manufacturing and the efficiency by which he debugs
             | production problems and reasons from first principles would
             | put many of my educated peers to shame. What can be easily
             | dismissed as a lack of ability can be more reasonably
             | explained by a lack of opportunity and resources. But it is
             | easier for privileged people to look down on others and
             | believe that everyone is in a position they deserve.
        
               | dqft wrote:
               | The gardener is still not high IQ.
        
               | squokko wrote:
               | I don't look down on him. I'd rather live next to him
               | than my existing neighbors. But do you think that maybe I
               | have a better read on him than you do, given that I see
               | him every 2 weeks and you have no idea who he is?
        
               | davorak wrote:
               | In my experience claims of knowing the intelligence of
               | another person are often wrong. Enough so that I reserve
               | judgement much more often than not.
               | 
               | I think the above is part of the doubt you are running
               | into with your claim. You might be able to come up with
               | evidence/stores that would lend credence to you
               | conclusions about your gardener, but I do not think it
               | would move your main point "there has got to be some
               | correlation between IQ and education." forward.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | There's a correlation but there's at least a few
             | intermediary variables. And it isn't linear -- people with
             | very high IQs often have a difficult time with their
             | educations.
        
         | everybodyknows wrote:
         | Brother of a friend of mine has five children -- apparently
         | success in Darwinian terms.
         | 
         | Two of them were born addicted to heroin.
         | 
         | Currently residing in a "sober living facility" last I heard,
         | confidently talking about launching a career in retail
         | management. The field looks attractive because he can "just
         | tell people what to do".
        
       | kelseyfrog wrote:
       | I take full credit for this, mostly though my HN comments. You're
       | welcome.
        
         | readthenotes1 wrote:
         | I do not understand what it is I have the honor of you trying
         | to tell me
        
           | oblio wrote:
           | He's joking that his comments lower IQs.
        
             | tedk-42 wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
             | chuankl wrote:
             | And readthenotes1 is just playing along by pretending to be
             | stupid (due to reduction of IQ that kelseyfrog jokingly
             | took credit for).
        
             | usefulcat wrote:
             | > He's joking
             | 
             | I think you meant 'she':                   about: Just a
             | frog on the internet. she/her
        
         | chikitabanana wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
         | siliconsorcerer wrote:
         | I love you
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | dmn322 wrote:
       | Bet it's related to income inequality and the reduction of wages
       | wrt productivity.
       | 
       | Stress is known to reduce short term memory, which affects IQ.
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | When IQ tests were invented folks didn't know about tests, at
       | least in the US. They were rural immigrants who could maybe read.
       | So when asked logic questions, they would answer pragmatically
       | and be 'wrong'. That had some impact on perceived early low
       | results.
       | 
       | As folks became better-read and educated they began to understand
       | that IQ test questions were a sort of puzzle, not a real honest
       | question. The answer was expected to solve the puzzle, not be
       | right in any way.
       | 
       | E.g. There are no Elephants in Germany. Munich is in Germany. How
       | many elephants are there in Munich? A) 0 B) 1 C)2
       | 
       | Folks back then might answer B or C, because they figure hey
       | there's probably a zoo in Munich, bet they have an elephant or
       | two there. And be marked wrong.
        
         | pseudo0 wrote:
         | That theory could be plausible, except Flynn used results from
         | Raven's Progressive Matrices, which is just pattern
         | recognition. There are no questions about elephants or text-
         | based questions that could introduce cultural bias. It's simply
         | picking the shape that matches the pattern presented in a grid.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raven's_Progressive_Matrices
        
       | globalreset wrote:
       | Honest question that keeps bothering me.
       | 
       | In the absence of reasonably strong natural selection pressure to
       | select for IQ, how could IQ not be falling over time?
        
         | Havoc wrote:
         | Why would it fall? Steady seems just as fair an expectation in
         | absence of pressure either way
        
           | globalreset wrote:
           | Because the chance of random mutation to increase an IQ (or
           | improve anything whatsoever) is far smaller than to lower it
           | (or degrade anything).
           | 
           | Change randomly a random line of code in any source code, and
           | tell me how often it happens to work better than before.
        
         | robocat wrote:
         | Some guesses for why there may be hidden selection pressure:
         | 
         | Academics often stereotype "jocks" and high social status
         | seekers as stupid. However, it often requires brains to succeed
         | in sports and social interactions. But it is technically
         | difficult to measure high "intuition". I know some very very
         | smart people that fail academically (I know they are smart
         | because I see them achieve seemingly impossible outcomes, not
         | because I have their skills). I strongly suspect that selecting
         | for high non-academic skills will select for general
         | intelligence. If one lacks skill X (e.g. the stereotypical
         | nerd[1] with low social skills) then one usually lacks the
         | ability to recognise people that are highly skilled in skill X
         | (and worse often assumes the skill is useless or denigrates
         | those with the skill or thinks they could be highly skilled if
         | they wanted to).
         | 
         | There could be bubbles of selection pressure - subgroups where
         | high IQ leads to having more kids. So long as the subgroup
         | intermingles, then there is a population level pressure for
         | higher intellect.
         | 
         | It is possible that unsmart people remove themselves from the
         | gene pool before reproduction, or unsmart people reproduce
         | less.
         | 
         | One or two outlier smart men that have thousands of children
         | could have a massive selection pressure. Are we not all
         | descended from Ghengis Khan?
         | 
         | Smartness has thousands of factors, and selection pressure on
         | some hidden factors could easily have an outcome on general
         | intelligence.
         | 
         | [1] Counterpoint "Being smart seems to make you unpopular"
         | implies popular people are not smart:
         | http://www.paulgraham.com/nerds.html
        
         | scarmig wrote:
         | Conscientiousness and having long-term time horizons is
         | dysgenic. People afflicted with those traits tend to reproduce
         | less, and, to the extent that they're heritable, the genes
         | coding them will gradually decrease in prevalence in the gene
         | pool.
        
           | faeriechangling wrote:
           | I've floated this idea before especially in the context of
           | ADHD being framed as a disease because it has social costs,
           | personal costs, and causes disruptive behavior. That may all
           | be true but people with ADHD also have more unprotected sex
           | and the vast majority of western society is wiping themselves
           | out on account of not having enough unprotected sex to
           | sustain themselves. It's just that anything which interferes
           | with utilitarianism and hedonism is framed as a disease.
        
         | runarberg wrote:
         | It is not. IQ doesn't measure a kind of intelligence which
         | inherits, and is subject to natural selection (there is even a
         | debate whether such intelligence exists; or at least is of any
         | significant between individuals).
         | 
         | IQ at best measures something that correlates with SAT. And
         | with better education, less exposure to damaging pollutants,
         | etc. it should always be on the rise (as demonstrated by the
         | Flynn effect; an effect which this poor paper desperately tries
         | to refute).
         | 
         | IQ research has always been about proving the superiority of
         | one race over others, this superiority doesn't exist, but that
         | doesn't stop these pseudo-scientist from trying. They bend the
         | definition of "intelligence" and device test batteries (and in
         | this case, interpret test battery) in skewed and bias ways to
         | manipulate results like these. Regrettably media outlets like
         | the Popular Mechanics and lifestyle journalists like Tim
         | Newcomb take these researchers at their words and publish their
         | results, despite their results pretty much being lies.
        
           | faeriechangling wrote:
           | The heritability of IQ is very well established, usually
           | estimated in the 50-80% range. You are fighting an uphill
           | battle here because even if people haven't seen the
           | scientific evidence this effect is so strong that virtually
           | everybody has seen anecdotal evidence of high IQ parents
           | having high IQ children, but just seem to assert a very
           | heterodox and counter-intuitive position without further
           | elaboration.
           | 
           | It is incredibly arguable if during an obesity crisis if
           | population wide health is actually improving and if
           | population wide health isn't improving that could certainly
           | contribute to lower IQ. We're also seeing population wide
           | declines of health in other ways like sperm count. Food is
           | becoming less nutritious as soil depletes. Our fish stocks
           | being about to collapse is going to be another hit against
           | brain health as omega 3s will become rarer in the diet.
        
             | Apocryphon wrote:
             | Thoughts on this post on the accuracy of IQ?
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29798887
        
               | faeriechangling wrote:
               | I find it interesting because I did REALLY badly on oral
               | tests. On the WISC-III I was doing extremely badly on the
               | test until the examiner allowed me to write down my
               | answers instead of giving them verbally and my measured
               | IQ shot up like two standard deviations. I've been as far
               | as 3 standard deviations apart in psychiatrist
               | administered IQ tests, and my best and worst results in
               | any given IQ test have also been about 3 standard
               | deviations apart. My biggest theory is that I'm
               | bottlenecked by how I both take in and communicate the
               | information, I'm not very good at listening orally nor am
               | I very good at communicating with my voice nor can I
               | write very fast with a pencil. Not shockingly I was
               | diagnosed with multiple learning disabilities and it's my
               | opinion and the opinion of one psychologist I had that IQ
               | testing is neither a reliable nor valid means of testing
               | my intelligence.
               | 
               | I think the point being made more generally about IQ
               | tests testing the wrong things is very valid and I do
               | agree with it, but it extends beyond just IQ testing, it
               | also raises questions about standardised academic
               | testing. What I will point out though that any
               | rebalancing of IQ tests or standardised tests at this
               | point is likely to become an intensely political affair
               | because these tests are used to justify gatekeeping
               | access to status and societal resources, and any new
               | tests would necessarily be far worse researched than
               | existing tests, so I wouldn't expect current IQ testing
               | methodology to be upended any time soon.
        
             | runarberg wrote:
             | I'm not fighting an uphill battle. Ever since _The Bell
             | Curve_ came out, there has been a slow but steady
             | distancing of both psychological research and policy makers
             | from the whole field of IQ research. Modern psychology
             | couldn't care less about on the heritability factor of IQ,
             | and most policy makers don't want to touch it with a 10
             | foot pole. Heck the SAT has even been renamed as they don't
             | want to be affiliated with anything resembling IQ any more.
             | 
             | The heritability of IQ is only well established within true
             | believers of a pseudo-science tightly linked with the
             | eugenics movement. Most psychologists today believe that
             | the supposed heritability was observed because of bias
             | within the research. And given the people who were doing
             | these research in the 1970s and the 1980s, and their
             | motivation for doing those, there is no question on what
             | these biases were. Some of the researchers went so went
             | quite far in bending the data such that it would fit their
             | narrow--and racist--world view. They tried really hard to
             | define intelligence such that it would make rich white
             | people smarter, they were regrettably successful for far to
             | long, but ultimately failed.
             | 
             | Your anecdotal evidence of high IQ parents (ugh!) having
             | high IQ children is the same anecdotal evidence that
             | sociologists have been describing for decades that high SES
             | parents have high SES children, and is the main reason for
             | why parents with high SAT scores are likely to have
             | children with high SAT scores.
             | 
             | What IQ researchers discovered was basically the same thing
             | that Marx described in 1867, class, however the eugenics
             | were no communists, and instead of providing the simpler
             | explanation, that society rewards the ruling elite, and
             | wealth inherits, the eugenics went all conspiratorial and
             | blamed other races for their perceived decline in society.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | faeriechangling wrote:
               | Twin studies are hard to explain through any means other
               | than genetics I've seen an analysis of them as recently
               | as 2015, not just in the 70s and 80s.
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4270739/
               | 
               | >Your anecdotal evidence of high IQ parents (ugh!) having
               | high IQ children is the same anecdotal evidence that
               | sociologists have been describing for decades that high
               | SES parents have high SES children
               | 
               | No, I've seen people who grew up with low SES but had
               | parents/grandparents who were consistently A students or
               | were employed in prestigious intellectual jobs, and lo
               | and behold, they ended up doing better in things like
               | school than you would expect for somebody of their SES.
               | 
               | >Bias, racism
               | 
               | I'm just going to turn this around on you. Why should I
               | not believe you're bias and racist and simply want to
               | disprove IQ testing so as to undermine the social
               | position and access to societal resources certain groups
               | have as a result of IQ testing and things like it such as
               | standardised testing? There's plenty of profit in
               | painting certain groups as oppressors whose success is
               | actually just robbery, and not an accident of genetic
               | difference, since this consequently justifies racist
               | measures to correct this inequity. People can benefit
               | from such notions both directly and socially through
               | association with a popular movement.
               | 
               | I'm pretty sympathetic to the idea of IQ lacking validity
               | because I can't make strongly convincing arguments that
               | IQ predicts anything besides academic success and it's
               | hard to then argue our measures of academic success
               | aren't themselves arbitrary and disconnected from
               | practical utility. It's arguably too hard and too
               | arbitrary to distill "intelligence" down to a few
               | standardised tests and prove those tests have cross-
               | domain validity.
               | 
               | I don't have much sympathy to the idea that IQ is not
               | heritable based on nothing but ad hominem and the idea
               | this position is anti-racist because it's not what I read
               | from the evidence.
        
               | pkaye wrote:
               | Have these heritability studies been done in other
               | countries where some of these biases might not exist?
        
               | sfblah wrote:
               | There aren't that many, but here's one:
               | 
               | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S01
               | 602...
               | 
               | It's a twin study. Here's a quote: "Mean IQ scores were
               | modestly higher among those from higher SES backgrounds,
               | but the magnitude of genetic influences on IQ was
               | uniformly high across the range of SES." SES means
               | "socio-economic status".
               | 
               | Honestly, the evidence for heritability of IQ is very
               | strong. Arguing against it, in my opinion, borders on
               | arguing that vaccines don't work. I actually understand
               | why people do it (there's a lot of very bad history in
               | how IQ data has been used). But I just think it's more
               | important in the long run to tell the truth and find
               | solutions based on the truth.
        
               | sfblah wrote:
               | The following is my opinion, based on my research:
               | 
               | * IQ is real, measurable and heritable. The evidence for
               | this is overwhelming.
               | 
               | * Nobody argues about the broad heritability of other
               | human traits such as hair/eye color, height, athletic
               | ability and the like.
               | 
               | * The argument over IQ is a consequence of terrible
               | historical experiences with eugenics and racial
               | discrimination. Many have adopted the quasi-religious
               | viewpoint that IQ is not heritable to sidestep the
               | discussion.
               | 
               | * As a consequence, social policy resembles the cycles
               | and epicycles of Ptolemy's cosmology. Namely, all manner
               | of social, economic and historical outcomes which are
               | explained parsimoniously by understanding IQ as heritable
               | are instead attributed to a Rube-Goldberg machine of
               | racism, class warfare and the like.
               | 
               | * Accepting IQ as heritable does not, in an enlightened
               | society, require acceptance of racism or classism, any
               | more than people are forced to discriminate against those
               | who, say, are genetically weaker athletes due to low
               | relative VO2 levels.
               | 
               | * Social policy could be enhanced and better targeted by
               | targeting those at the lower end of the IQ curve with
               | subsidies such as basic income.
               | 
               | * Accepting IQ as real, heritable and measurable
               | represents one of the only paths out of the present
               | morass of corrupt political patronage programs around
               | specific groups, just as rejection of Ptolemy's worldview
               | enabled turning away from the demon-haunted world of
               | religion.
        
       | jiggywiggy wrote:
       | As a young kid I scored ok for my age, very high for 2 years
       | older. Now I don't think I'm better at simple pattern tests then
       | my peers.Im sure it means something, but especially with kids
       | I've seen wildly different scores for the same kids on different
       | moments and tests.
        
       | pg938hkd wrote:
       | The iq test can drop its standardized at 100 meaning average
       | person scores 100. You have to standardize it for different
       | population groups which cases issues when you test non
       | represented populations
        
       | swalling wrote:
       | Link to the study:
       | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016028962...
        
       | sebastianconcpt wrote:
       | The politicization of everything and the rise of ideologic
       | overtake of universities, contaminated thinking accurately about
       | the models of reality reducing every intelligence based and
       | genuine debate to banal disputes of privileges and subjective
       | preferences militarizing discourse with false accusations and
       | mining the victimhood mindset.
       | 
       | PS: most of the population can't read that sentence and are blind
       | to that trick.
        
         | marcellus23 wrote:
         | If it's true that most of the population can't read that
         | sentence, it's because it's both contrivedly complex and also
         | syntactically incorrect.
        
         | regularjack wrote:
         | I wouldn't be surprised that most of the population can't
         | indeed understand that sentence, as it's a badly written one,
         | IMHO.
         | 
         | What's the trick?
        
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