[HN Gopher] I think faster than light travel is possible
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       I think faster than light travel is possible
        
       Author : bilsbie
       Score  : 72 points
       Date   : 2023-04-09 21:02 UTC (1 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (backreaction.blogspot.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (backreaction.blogspot.com)
        
       | blindriver wrote:
       | I heard somewhere that reaching the speed of light was not
       | possible, but that also meant that if you were faster than light,
       | you could not slow down to reach the speed of light. That's where
       | the basis of the tachyon particle came from. I don't know if
       | that's actually physics or science fiction though.
        
       | mr_mitm wrote:
       | The curve she shows is not a closed timelike curve. There are no
       | CTCs in special relativity. A particle going faster than light
       | moves on a spacelike curve. I'm surprised she'd get that wrong.
       | 
       | FWIW I'm not buying her argument that the comoving frame
       | represents a preferred frame in SR either. She glosses over quite
       | some fundamental questions there. I'd love to see this written up
       | as a proper paper.
        
         | cyberax wrote:
         | Uhh... Whut? Special relativity absolutely allows CTCs. It
         | actually provides an exact prescription of how to do it - move
         | faster than light.
        
       | Zigurd wrote:
       | It's an interesting idea, and ideas that are not impossible have
       | a tendency to become practical. But there's a really big "but" in
       | this one: Unless you can start traveling faster than light
       | without accelerating your mass (or without having any mass) to
       | the speed of light, it still takes an infinite amount of energy.
        
         | rbanffy wrote:
         | The interesting point of Alcubierre's work was precisely that:
         | it doesn't accelerate the traveler - it compresses and expands
         | regions of space ahead and behind the traveler so that they
         | remain still within their inertial frame.
         | 
         | Still should require a ridiculous amount of energy though, if
         | at all possible.
        
       | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
       | I didn't watch the entire video, so SH may have mentioned, but
       | there has long been a theoretical particle called a tachyon which
       | can (could!) move faster than light because it is created already
       | moving at that speed (if it existed).
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon
        
         | mr_mitm wrote:
         | There is zero reason to believe that tachyons exist. It's just
         | a name we gave to a concept. Dark matter doesn't have to exist
         | either purely because we decided to give an idea this name.
         | (But there are other reasons to believe that dark matter
         | exists, namely observations.)
        
       | macawfish wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | ash_rahman wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | throwawaymaths wrote:
       | I would probably have titled it "I think FTL travel might not be
       | impossible". She does not propose a mechanism for FTL travel,
       | just addresses claims that it's impossible.
        
         | rcme wrote:
         | Law of excluded middle. The two statements are equivalent.
        
         | lll-o-lll wrote:
         | No! This is the most seismic and fundamentally perspective
         | changing news that I have heard from a physicist in my life. It
         | _needs_ this strong title.
         | 
         | My entire life, as I imagine has been the case for many older
         | nerds, has been one of imagining traveling to the stars, but to
         | only have that possibility become more and more clearly shown
         | to be impossible. Impossible because faster than light travel
         | is impossible. Impossible, because the time-dilation makes the
         | travel a one way trip. I canna break the laws of physics cap'n!
         | 
         | If the laws of physics do not forbid it, it changes everything!
         | It provides _hope_ , it means the search is worth the effort.
         | It allows my kids to dream!
         | 
         | I am very happy about this article!
        
           | maxbond wrote:
           | Not a physicist, but for what is worth, my understanding is
           | it's fairly realistic we could send probes to Alpha Centauri
           | within a human lifetime or so using an approach like
           | Breakthrough Starshot (regardless of whether that particular
           | project succeeds).
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/fsARBnvUB2E
        
             | lll-o-lll wrote:
             | Yes, there is still plenty to explore in the near-medium
             | term.
             | 
             | I'm also very excited about the proposal to use the sun's
             | gravitational lensing as a method of imaging distant
             | planets. Might even see that one in my lifetime.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | Well, it's more of "it doesn't _necessarily_ violate
           | causality (but might anyway) " rather than "here's how to
           | make a warp drive".
           | 
           | Actually doing the thing may be impossible for other reasons.
        
             | lll-o-lll wrote:
             | There are multiple levels to this. One is her attacks on
             | the current orthodoxy around arguments that invoke
             | causality or Special Relativity (as opposed to General
             | Relativity). The arguments seem sound, and I'm sure it will
             | hurt egos and generate controversy (a specialty of this
             | particular blogger/youtuber).
             | 
             | The second is that it reframes the speed of light limit as
             | a "barrier", and more clearly defines why accelerating mass
             | to the speed of light is impossible (while explaining what
             | mass _actually is_ ).
             | 
             | It doesn't give the answer of "well you just need to do
             | this", but by removing artificial constraints "causality
             | says no", it will hopefully allow more young smart people
             | to get interested in studying more in this area.
             | 
             | I strongly applaud Sabine in her attempts to demystify
             | General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics (across other
             | videos). We should introduce these (particularly Quantum
             | Mechanics) into the later school curriculum. It's a shame
             | that the majority of people never get to study this, as
             | it's so fundamental to our current knowledge of physics.
        
         | TexanFeller wrote:
         | She seems to have good credentials and mostly sticks to claims
         | that seem to have some evidence...but her penchant for
         | clickbait titles and other YouTube algorithm hacking commentary
         | makes it hard to take her seriously.
        
           | blindriver wrote:
           | Give her a break. Unfortunately the way search is these days,
           | you need to use clickbait titles even if your content is
           | great. So it's part and parcel with our times and how the
           | Algorithm works, unfortunately.
        
           | dmix wrote:
           | She's a professional YouTuber (among other work), those sites
           | basically require you to do that sort of thing to get and
           | maintain traction over the long term.
           | 
           | This one isn't particularily bad and the content is fine.
        
             | messe wrote:
             | That's a bit unfair toward her. She's not just a
             | professional YouTuber. She is also a bonafide[1] physicist,
             | who has spent years acting as a contrarian to the
             | mainstream ideas.
             | 
             | [1]: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=AuOlHBbUkX4
        
               | blindriver wrote:
               | Professional Youtuber != Full-time Youtuber.
        
           | JeremyBanks wrote:
           | Is it clickbait? It's slightly provocative but the content
           | seems to live up to it.
           | 
           | She's deconstructing absolutist nonsense into something less
           | absolutist. It's almost anti-clickbait.
        
           | mr_mitm wrote:
           | She also seems to really enjoy taking contrarian views, which
           | resonates with a lot of people who distrust "the scientific
           | establishment" or who "want to believe".
        
             | decremental wrote:
             | It must be so upsetting that people exist who don't agree
             | with the prevailing narrative. The brightest minds don't
             | belong to people who lick their finger to see which way the
             | wind is blowing today.
        
             | kelnos wrote:
             | This is the thing that bothers me about her videos, though.
             | Certainly established science should be challenged when
             | there is the potential that something isn't quite right.
             | (Science itself may be "perfect", but it is performed and
             | chronicled by flawed, biased humans.)
             | 
             | But I feel like she takes a contrarian view just for the
             | sake of being contrarian, so it's hard to tell which of her
             | ideas actually have merit, and which simply exist to
             | challenge the status quo, even when the status quo is
             | conclusively proven.
             | 
             | Edit: that said, I really do want to believe this! The
             | speed of light being an absolute limit to how fast we can
             | travel (or even communicate), means most of the universe
             | (even most of the galaxy) will be forever out of reach to
             | us. And that's kinda depressing. Unfortunately, physics
             | doesn't care if I'm sad or happy about it.
             | 
             | Edit2: on the other hand (I wrote the above after only
             | having watched have the video, shame on me), I do find
             | compelling her idea that some mathematical constructs (like
             | special relativity) inherently cannot fully describe
             | reality (in SR's case, SR doesn't include gravity). So
             | saying "special relativity says FTL travel causes time
             | paradoxes and thus cannot be possible" may be true, but
             | since SR can't fully describe reality (hell, neither can
             | GR), maybe it just doesn't matter. But who knows,
             | IANAPhysicist, etc.
        
               | misnome wrote:
               | Most of her arguments seem to end up along "everything
               | currently funded should be canceled and what I am doing
               | should be funded instead", which I find extremely hard to
               | take seriously.
               | 
               | That, or yes - clickbait contrarian. This seems to get a
               | lot of loud followers though.
        
       | causality0 wrote:
       | Faster than light travel is not as impossible as adding two plus
       | two and getting three, but it's more impossible than almost
       | everything else a normal person thinks of as being impossible.
       | 
       | Her glazing-over of the causality paradox is also seriously weak.
       | She's playing with language and spaceship directions instead of
       | applying the least-convenient-possible-world principle to her
       | argument. Instead of her two spaceships going two directions, how
       | about a single one going in a circle faster than light? Like I
       | get it, I hate it too, but you can't just dismiss it like that.
        
         | rbanffy wrote:
         | It might be the most impractical thing ever done, but it's also
         | very useful if feasible.
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | > Instead of her two spaceships going two directions, how about
         | a single one going in a circle faster than light?
         | 
         | I'm not sure where you're going with that?
         | 
         | That's constant acceleration, which doesn't add anything to the
         | situation besides more things to keep track of and thus be
         | confused by.
        
       | sunaurus wrote:
       | Does anybody know of a good intuitive explanation for the claim
       | that FTL breaks causality? By intuitive I mean something more
       | than "the numbers in this formula don't add up without breaking
       | causality".
       | 
       | I've tried to build a foundation for understanding this concept
       | several times and failed each time. It makes total sense that
       | with FTL, it would be possible to OBSERVE events in the wrong
       | order, but just this alone wouldn't break causality. My intuition
       | is not helping me get any further than this.
        
         | arnoldb0620 wrote:
         | I am just a lay person but I tend to think about FTL travel in
         | terms of traveling faster than the speed of sound. There is a
         | sight dimension in which we can see the object before we hear
         | it. Is there another dimension that we can observe the object
         | traveling FTL?
        
         | maxbond wrote:
         | You can think of the speed of light as the speed at which
         | causes produce effects. In the same way that the speed of
         | sound[1] is the speed at which one air molecule can tell
         | another air molecule that it's been been moved, the speed of
         | light is the speed at which one piece of spacetime can tell
         | another piece of spacetime that something has happened to it.
         | Light just happens to move as fast as it as possible to move,
         | the speed of light might be better described as the speed of
         | causality.
         | 
         | This speed defines the "happens before" relation in spacetime,
         | like a Lamport clock defines the "happens before" relation in a
         | distributed system. Event A "happens before" event B if all the
         | information about B was known when A happened. Otherwise B
         | happens at the same time or later than A.
         | 
         | If you can travel faster than light (faster than causality),
         | there's nothing stopping you from constructing a scenario where
         | A happens before B and B happens before A. And that's what it
         | means to violate causality.
         | 
         | [1] To head off a potential confusion, note that while a jet
         | may be able to move faster than sound, the sound of that jet
         | passing by does not.
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | Ok, so, at 14:45 in the video she shows some spacetime
         | diagrams. The "normal" interpretation is that the distortions
         | shown, including the event-ordering flip she shows, represent
         | reality. Relativistic motion is _actual_ time dilation and not
         | merely your perception of someone else 's motion. This is
         | backed up by evidence in a lot of extreme cases.
         | 
         | I don't have the skills to know if one is really "allowed" to
         | say that there exists some frame of reference that is preferred
         | or if that breaks something else, but _I think_ that any such
         | frame where time must always go forwards would do what she 's
         | saying here.
         | 
         | Possibly.
         | 
         | Unfortunately, I know this is an area where not only does my
         | intuition often fail me, but where I can easily have the wool
         | pulled over my eyes with plausible sounding but erroneous
         | maths.
        
         | sigmoid10 wrote:
         | >It makes total sense that with FTL, it would be possible to
         | OBSERVE events in the wrong order, but just this alone wouldn't
         | break causality.
         | 
         | There seems to be a general misunderstanding here. A different
         | order of events can easily be observed without FTL, but only
         | for events outside of our own light-cone. If we could observe
         | events within our own light-cone without causal ordering, they
         | could still affect us and thus would easily create paradoxes.
         | However, if you are limited by the speed of light, this can't
         | happen.
        
         | wiml wrote:
         | It's because "simultaneous" is relative in the same way that
         | "in the same place" is relative. You can bounce a ball against
         | the same spot repeatedly, but if you're on an airplane and
         | another observer isn't, the places the ball hits are separated
         | by a large distance in their reference frame.
         | 
         | Most concretely, the FTL-breaks-causality conclusion comes
         | from: _If_ special relativity holds (it does), _and_ you have
         | FTL travel, _and_ there is no universal privileged frame of
         | reference affecting your FTL drive, _then_ it 's possible to
         | get back to your starting point before you leave by making
         | multiple FTL hops. You have to be able to make the two hops in
         | different reference frames, that is, you need to do a bit of
         | conventional acceleration between hop 1 and hop 2.
         | 
         | From everything we know about the universe it seems unlikely
         | that there's a special preferred frame out there, but if for
         | example you're developing a hard-science-fiction setting and
         | want FTL without causality violations, you can throw in that
         | background detail to keep the physicists happy.
         | 
         | > it would be possible to OBSERVE events in the wrong order
         | 
         | True, but of course that's possible even in normal earth-bound
         | newtonian physics. All of the discussions about relativity
         | assume that all the observers are taking speed-of-light delays
         | into account when they're observing.
        
           | neurobashing wrote:
           | One of the Xeelee Sequence novels deals with this problem
           | specifically: a pilot in an FTL space fighter uses multiple
           | hops to defeat an enemy, and ends up back before he left.
           | It's a Xeelee Sequence book, grimdark of grimdark, so
           | hilarity does not ensue.
        
         | mr_mitm wrote:
         | There is nothing intuitive about special relativity. If you
         | want to understand SR (or GR or QM), you must throw intuition
         | out the window and strictly follow the rules of the theory.
         | 
         | The best explanation for why FTL breaks causality that I have
         | seen is the tachyonic antitelephone:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyonic_antitelephone
         | 
         | Drawing a bunch of spacetime diagrams might help as well.
        
         | maxerickson wrote:
         | To get to Mars faster than light, you have to be able to travel
         | backwards in time (you could watch yourself start the trip).
         | 
         | If you can travel backwards in time, you can kill a younger
         | instance of yourself.
        
           | sunaurus wrote:
           | Everything you say makes sense if you already presume that
           | FTL implies breaking causality, but I'm missing the
           | explanation for why FTL implies breaking causality in the
           | first place.
           | 
           | I mean, it's completely logical that if you get to Mars
           | faster then light, you can watch yourself start the trip, but
           | why does this also mean that you are actually going back in
           | time?
           | 
           | Intuitively it would seem that even if you teleport to Mars
           | with no travel time, observe yourself on Earth, then teleport
           | back to Earth, you should arrive the next instant after you
           | left, not before. So time travel does not follow immediately
           | from the fact that you were able to observe yourself in the
           | past.
        
       | superposeur wrote:
       | This is easily Sabine Hoffstader's fringiest video. Please don't
       | get the wrong idea that this is a point of controversy within
       | physics! As a physicist I'd estimate 99.9% of her colleagues
       | would disagree and I would too. She has no real argument, just
       | vaguely gestures at "maybe the comoving frame makes relativity
       | invalid" and then vaguely gestures at "quantum gravity spoiling
       | everything we know so far about physics".
       | 
       | As to the second point, quantum gravity is a thing but almost
       | certainly will not upend the special relativistic account of the
       | large scale causal ordering of events. This is for the same
       | reason that it almost certainly won't change the calculation of
       | the amount of time it takes an apple to drop from a tree ---
       | within the domain of validity of the old theory, its predictions
       | will agree.
        
         | aaron695 wrote:
         | [dead]
        
       | maxbond wrote:
       | Can we switch the link to https://youtube.com/watch?v=9-jIplX6Wjw
       | ?
       | 
       | The blog doesn't really provide any additional information, and
       | it obscures that you'll have to watch the video to hear her
       | arguments (and I've gathered that many people are only here for
       | text content & abstain from videos).
        
         | justinator wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | maxbond wrote:
           | If you feel that this post is inappropriate, then flag it,
           | but that's not a reason for it not to point to the best link.
        
           | wldcordeiro wrote:
           | The blog literally just embeds the video in its post with a
           | paragraph of intro. Additionally it's the blog of the same
           | Youtuber you have so much contempt for.
        
           | tempestn wrote:
           | How does that pertain to using the more relevant link?
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-04-09 23:00 UTC)