[HN Gopher] Age of Invention: How the Dutch Did It Better
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       Age of Invention: How the Dutch Did It Better
        
       Author : tim_sw
       Score  : 71 points
       Date   : 2023-04-07 15:24 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (antonhowes.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (antonhowes.substack.com)
        
       | steele wrote:
       | A little known fact of going Dutch history: splitting the bill
       | several ways should merit extraordinary tips in places where
       | tipping is a necessary component to service worker income.
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | Tipping is not a thing in the Netherlands, where are you
         | getting this idea from? By and large the people who tip are
         | tourists who are not familiar with the local customs.
        
           | jtwaleson wrote:
           | I always tip 10%-15%. Lived here all my life :')
        
         | tremon wrote:
         | _" where tipping is a necessary component to service worker
         | income"_ is not part of Dutch history FAFAIK.
        
           | tabtab wrote:
           | Something _else_ the Dutch did right.
        
         | WJW wrote:
         | We pay our waiting staff a normal salary, tipping is not a
         | major thing here.
        
         | yieldcrv wrote:
         | (This is a joke about "going dutch", an American colloquialism
         | for splitting the bill, that pretends like it would offer
         | insight into the origin of the term, but then doesn't)
        
       | sirpilade wrote:
       | we might see a similar situation with cryptocurrency-friendly
       | countries in the near future
        
         | crote wrote:
         | You should probably read up on the Tulip Mania, just to stay on
         | topic about the effect of a relevant Dutch invention.
        
         | tabtab wrote:
         | Sometimes deregulation is a great recipe for short-term growth,
         | but catastrophic crashes. You can surf chaos for profit for
         | only so long.
        
       | rajandatta wrote:
       | Points 2, 3, 4, 6 .. 13 seem like an excellent set of principles
       | and fundamentals for a society or country even today. Verg well
       | said. Also helps that the author contrasts them with England.
       | Most countries would not meet these standards even today.
        
       | pipo234 wrote:
       | > The Dutch councils of state and war always included merchants
       | who had experience of trading and living abroad [...]
       | 
       | As eloquently described by Mike Dash in "Batavia's Graveyard"
       | most Dutch explorer ships had merchants, sailors, soldiers and
       | civilians on board -- ranked in that order. That is, not the
       | captain but the bean counter would have final say on important
       | matters.
       | 
       | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/128824.Batavia_s_Graveya...
        
         | beebeepka wrote:
         | I am not ashamed to say that I am jealous of the Dutch.
         | Sometimes I wonder what built the society that is powering this
         | genuinely incredible country.
         | 
         | Thanks for the link
        
           | pipo234 wrote:
           | The book is in't in Dutch, though. ;-) Incredibly well
           | written, historically accurate (for as far I could tell) and
           | entertaining to read. Warm recommend.
        
           | melvinmelih wrote:
           | > It has been estimated that during the 17th and 18th
           | centuries, 660,000 to 1,135,000 enslaved people in total must
           | have been transported to the territories under control of the
           | Dutch East India Company.
           | 
           | I wouldn't necessarily romanticize the exploitative
           | colonialism of European explorers.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | spyremeown wrote:
             | Even more so when the current economic prosperity of the
             | colonizing countries is still very much derived from their
             | past. Sadly, most people living in said countries today
             | don't realize how set back the colonies really were due to
             | exploitation and slavery.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | "Even more so when the current economic prosperity of the
               | colonizing countries is still very much derived from
               | their past."
               | 
               | This does not pass the comparison test. Many highly
               | prosperous European countries of today (Scandinavian
               | countries, Northern Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Germany,
               | Slovenia, Ireland) didn't have massive overseas holdings,
               | or only for a short time.
               | 
               | Portugal, Spain, Turkey and Russia, four huge empires
               | that existed for centuries (one still extant) are on the
               | poorer side of Europe. PT and ES got only moderately
               | prosperous in the last two generations, after shedding
               | their last colonial possessions.
        
               | spyremeown wrote:
               | >poorer side of Europe
               | 
               | Which is still much, much wealthier than most of
               | colonized nations... except for Russia, due to the
               | extreme political decline after the fall of the USSR.
               | 
               | >Many highly prosperous European countries of today
               | didn't have massive overseas holdings, or only for a
               | short time.
               | 
               | And I never said "colonies are needed for wealth". What
               | is your point, exactly?
        
               | hahaxdxd123 wrote:
               | > And I never said "colonies are needed for wealth". What
               | is your point, exactly?
               | 
               | I think the point is that it's not this simple: "Even
               | more so when the current economic prosperity of the
               | colonizing countries is still very much derived from
               | their past."
               | 
               | Poor countries that were colonized are definitely held
               | back by it. The colonial powers left extremely extractive
               | institutions that focused on funneling power and profits
               | into small groups of people. When they left, those
               | institutions and that culture stayed.
               | 
               | But isn't it difficult to say that Spain or Portugal's
               | "wealth" today derives from colonial holdings years and
               | years back? What did they extract that lasts today? In
               | those 400 years, did they not spend most of their
               | extracted silver and gold on things that are trivialities
               | today (porcelain, tea, etc)? Or waste it buying arms
               | during civil wars and dictatorships? I mean there was
               | mass starvation during Franco's regime.
               | 
               | It seems to me likelier that their wealth comes from the
               | things they have in common with prosperous countries that
               | never were colonial powers (Taiwan, South Korea, etc).
               | Educated populace, functioning capital markets, property
               | rights, rule of law, etc.
        
           | SanderNL wrote:
           | I'm curious. What is so incredible about it?
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | That by rights this country shouldn't exist, and that if we
             | aren't careful soon it will stop to exist.
        
               | the_third_wave wrote:
               | By rights it should exist because the Dutch made it so.
               | They have done so for hundreds of years in a period when
               | the sea level was rising slightly and will most likely
               | continue to do so, especially seeing how as modern
               | technology makes it much easier to keep the polders
               | (reclaimed land) dry.
        
               | namaria wrote:
               | It certainly is an energy and compute intensive country
               | and it shows. I mean, they are the sole providers of the
               | top machinery for making arguably the most valuable
               | commodity ever, microchips. And the second exporter of
               | agricultural products with an area similar to Maine to
               | boot...
        
               | jeremyw wrote:
               | Any recommended material to learn about fragility in the
               | Dutch system?
               | 
               | You've made a number of comments in this vein. Do you see
               | it as apart from the cycle of the successful? Wherein we
               | slowly relax the effort is took to make success. And then
               | deny these efforts altogether, and create fantasies of
               | what _really_ brought success.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | I'm writing this from ~sea level, and there are large
               | parts of the country around me that are below sea level,
               | some more than just a little bit, think 2 to 3 meters and
               | in extremes more than 6. As the sea level rises the risk
               | of storm surges increases quite a bit. We have
               | essentially barricaded the country against the sea up to
               | a certain point. But beyond that the country would flood
               | much like a bathtub would and even if all those barriers
               | are closed the rivers will pour in water from the other
               | side.
               | 
               | Managing all this is tricky in the short term, difficult
               | in the mid term and quite possibly impossible in the
               | longer term if the sea level rise is more than
               | anticipated when these defenses were built. And you can
               | only raise them so much, if rivers no longer flow out
               | then you'll end up flooded anyway.
        
               | WJW wrote:
               | I think jacquesm means that rising sea levels (due to
               | climate change) is a particular problem for a country
               | where much of the land is below sea level.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Yep.
        
             | withinboredom wrote:
             | I moved here in 2018, it truly is an incredible country.
             | Imagine the romanticized '60's-70's in the US ... but with
             | technology.
        
           | mtalantikite wrote:
           | There was quite a lot of genocide that it was built upon:
           | https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/08/10/dutch-colonial-
           | history-...
        
             | boplicity wrote:
             | Interesting that the article, subtitled "A refusal to
             | confront colonial atrocities persists in the Netherlands,"
             | lead to you getting downvotes.
             | 
             | Coincidence? I think not.
             | 
             | The so-called "civilizing mission" continues to this day,
             | with glorification of Dutch ideas and ideals, even though
             | those ideals indeed led to mass atrocities. Such atrocities
             | were often cited as "necessary," in order to impose
             | "improvement" upon the victims society.
             | 
             | This "civilizing mission" is often seen as worth it -- it
             | includes many good ideas, after all. Even to this day, the
             | respect for "civlizing" ideas remains, while the
             | acknowledging of mass atrocities is often ignored, or
             | covered up. Even worse, many of the people who committed
             | atrocities are thought of as heroes.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | The same kind of sentiment goes for all of the colonial
               | powers of old, it's a real problem. Some part of society
               | finds it impossible to admit that they are where they are
               | today because of crimes from the past. The Germans are
               | the only country that I'm aware of that have successfully
               | absorbed lessons from their history, but at the same time
               | not _all_ Germans and not all of history. This is a huge
               | problem and is likely going to be the root cause of some
               | of these lessons having to be learned all over again.
               | 
               | Today there is human trafficking and slavery in pretty
               | much every country on the globe, just more or less of it.
               | And yet, nobody really lifts a finger to the point where
               | we will be able to once and for all ban this out.
               | 
               | Reparation payments, which would be one way to deal with
               | all this (because obviously you can't undo history) are
               | opposed because the people that live here today do not
               | see themselves as complicit even if they are the
               | beneficiaries. Hardly any Western European country has
               | clean hands, and I highly doubt we will ever be able to
               | move on from this in a way that satisfies everybody.
        
               | WJW wrote:
               | It's much more complex than that of course. First of all
               | it is practically impossible to determine what percentage
               | of Dutch prosperity is due to slave trade, how much of it
               | was due to income from selling natural gas and how much
               | came from the Dutch people being clever merchants and
               | light-bulb-builders and chip-machine-designers and
               | whatnot. Not to mention that putting a definite price on
               | the enslavement of your ancestors is likely to be pretty
               | insulting. "Sorry we enslaved your great-grandfather,
               | here is 5000 euros and let's call it even" is probably
               | not going over well, even if that was the inflation-
               | adjusted profit realized.
               | 
               | Secondly of all the damage to local institutions we've
               | done has often caused corruption to be normalized so much
               | that reparations payments would merely enrich the ruling
               | elite further. We can't just send over a few billion to
               | soothe our conscience and hope everything will be OK.
               | It's not really like everyone in the victim countries
               | were innocent either, many tribes were all to happy to
               | sell some of their rival to the westerners.
               | 
               | Not everyone has documentation to prove anything either,
               | precisely _because_ their ancestors were slaves.
               | 
               | Finally, how far are we going back? Do the Dutch have the
               | right to claim reparations from German occupation? From
               | Napoleonic occupation? From the descendants of the
               | Romans?
               | 
               | I don't dispute that there is a debt of honor to help
               | everyone on earth towards a more prosperous state, but
               | reparation payments have so many issues that they might
               | create more problems than they solve.
        
               | boplicity wrote:
               | > Finally, how far are we going back?
               | 
               | This is such an ignorant question. It completely _erases_
               | the living people who are victims of colonialism _right
               | now._ But whatever, apparently there were also atrocities
               | hundreds of years ago that we can ignore too.
        
               | andsoitis wrote:
               | > It completely erases the living people
               | 
               | In what way are they erased?
        
             | paganel wrote:
             | Of course you're getting downvoted for stating out the
             | truth related to a colonial and criminal country. But, hey,
             | the Dutch are funky and cool!
        
             | crote wrote:
             | That's what history is like, unfortunately. And it is
             | probably what the future is going to be like too.
             | 
             | The Dutch Republic itself, as it existed in the 1600s, was
             | created out of an extremely bloody revolution against the
             | Spanish (the Eighty Years' War) - in which the Spanish
             | committed quite a bit of genocide against Dutch cities too.
             | Look into the Spanish Fury at Mechelen, for example.
             | Despite being the recent victims of it, they went on to
             | commit similar acts only decades later.
             | 
             | Genocide has been _extremely_ common in pretty much all of
             | history, and it is only quite recently that _most_
             | societies have at least been pretending to be explicitly
             | against it. We should definitely remember the atrocities
             | that have been committed, but thinking of it as an explicit
             | "victim vs villain" on a country-per-country base doesn't
             | really help with that.
             | 
             | Pretty much every single country has committed atrocities,
             | and pretty much every single country is able to commit them
             | in the future. We in the Western world pretend to be all
             | modern and civilized, but recent history in the Middle East
             | has shown that we haven't learned a goddamn thing. Pulling
             | down statues at home of long-dead oppressors isn't going to
             | do shit if we just keep on committing the same crimes _in
             | the present_ without even batting an eye.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Yes, there was a lot of that. Our colonial history is
             | nothing to be proud of. But Dutch engineering prowess _is_
             | something to be proud of. The whole country is essentially
             | a giant machine and if we collectively stopped maintaining
             | it within a surprisingly short time large chunks of it
             | would cease to exist.
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | I've told lots of people the US should get prepared to
               | pay the dutch to build the Great Atlantic and Pacific
               | Seawalls. We should probably get started soon...
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | A decade ago or so... it's going to get terribly
               | interesting in the next 20 years.
        
         | skrebbel wrote:
         | This is because they weren't explorer ships. They were trading
         | ships first and foremost, owned by a large public for-profit
         | corporation. It's more like Maersk than like a navy.
         | 
         | Exploration, or conquest, was not a goal. If it happened, it
         | was just a means to an end.
         | 
         | Thing is, trade is the most profitable when you get monopoly
         | contracts with suppliers, especially when those suppliers are
         | the only (known) suppliers of $THING. How do you get a monopoly
         | contract? You make the supplier an offer they can't refuse. All
         | that fighting and fort building was only to enforce monopoly
         | contracts, not empire building. Basically, to make sure the
         | Portuguese didn't get their hands on those spices, so the price
         | could stay high.
         | 
         | Sometimes suppliers broke those deals and the Dutch took out
         | the guns, and that's what the soldiers came along for. Eg in
         | the Travancore battles linked in another comment. They lost
         | that one, but often they did not: For example, one day the
         | people of the Banda islands, then the only source of nutmeg in
         | the world, broke the monopoly deal they had made with the Dutch
         | and sold nutmeg to the British too. The Dutch went in fully
         | loaded, killed everybody (the entire archipelago population),
         | and replaced them with Dutch settlers to farm the nutmeg.
         | Problem solved, monopoly restored! No hard feelings, it's just
         | business.
         | 
         | So yes! I concur! There's just so much to learn from the Dutch
         | East India Company! Who cares about all the genocide, we even
         | have a VC fund[0] named after them, that's how proud we are.
         | 
         | [0] https://voccp.com/
        
       | jahantaila wrote:
       | learn how to code in a fun and engaging way: codera.app
        
       | sn41 wrote:
       | A little known fact of history: there was an Indian kingdom,
       | Travancore, which defeated the Dutch in a naval battle in 1741
       | [1]. (This might be the only major naval victory of an Asian
       | kingdom over European navies until the Russo-Japanese war of
       | 1905.) The Dutch never recovered, and did not colonize India.
       | 
       | The king of Travancore then used the captured Dutch commander,
       | Eustachius De Lannoy, to modernize the armed forces [2].
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Colachel
       | 
       | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eustachius_De_Lannoy
        
         | Someone wrote:
         | Are you sure that was a naval battle?
         | 
         | Reading Wikipedia ("The Mukkuvars Played a major role in
         | defeating the Dutch East India company entering into colachal
         | port", "As the Dutch approached the shore, the Travancore army
         | had made a retreat, and the locals fled the area. It was not
         | enough for the Dutch to bombard a place and then barge in. To
         | continue the war they required fortifications, trenches, and
         | make-shift sheds and storerooms.", "On 5 August, a cannonball
         | fired by the Travancore army fell into a barrel of gunpowder
         | inside the Dutch garrison"), it looks like a failed invasion.
        
           | umeshunni wrote:
           | Yeah - most sources (e.g. https://books.google.com/books?id=o
           | NekDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT183#v=on...) state it simply as a battle and
           | the victory as a 'decisive victory' rather than a 'naval
           | victory'.
        
         | bobthepanda wrote:
         | Fun fact, the De Lannoys share their surname with the Delanos,
         | as in Franklin Delano Roosevelt (although not the only
         | presidents related to that family, and the original Delano is
         | not related to the nobility)
        
           | azepoi wrote:
           | Delannoy is a relatively common name from northern France,
           | Lannoy is a commune, or more commonly a place (modern french
           | l'aulnaie) planted with aulnes (Alders). Same meaning,
           | different graphy, for Delaunay, as in Delaunay triangulation.
        
       | d_burfoot wrote:
       | The modern equivalent of the Netherlands is Singapore. SG has
       | better public policies, in every area, than any Western country.
       | As a result they are much richer, have far less crime, better
       | education, incomparably better infrastructure, better health
       | care, etc, etc.
       | 
       | Countries by PPP per capita (131K vs 75K for US):
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)...
       | 
       | Countries by homicide rate (0.2 vs 6.5 in US):
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_intention...
       | 
       | PISA rankings by country (SG tops all categories, far above US):
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programme_for_International_St...
       | 
       | Life expectancy by country (83 yrs vs 77 for US):
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expe...
       | 
       | Countries ranked by infrastructure quality (SG tops):
       | https://www.statista.com/statistics/264753/ranking-of-countr...
        
         | axlee wrote:
         | Singapore is a city, let's not pretend we can compare it with
         | countries proper. If you compare it with affluent cities, it's
         | great but not as great as the stats would say. And when it
         | comes to governance, let's not forget that Singapore is a
         | dictatorship.
        
         | riversflow wrote:
         | I'd rather not live in a police state, and I think I speak for
         | many Americans when I say that. Singapore can kind of get away
         | with it because it is so small, but we can see what it looks
         | like when scaled to a large country by looking at Modern China.
         | I'll take some crime and something less than stellar education,
         | as a national average, than have to contend with a government
         | who welds people in their apartments, creates "reeducation
         | camps" for minorities, and disappears business leaders.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | Has Singapore government evwr welded people on their
           | apsrtments? What is thw basis for this comparison?
           | 
           | Why would providing better education in America lead to
           | people being welded into their apartment? Is freedom only
           | possible with incompetwnt governance?
        
           | detourdog wrote:
           | In college I had a friend from Singapore. After graduation he
           | felt his plight was that he wasn't an American and he was no
           | longer Singaporesse<sp?>. He was unable to land a job in
           | America and had to go back to Singapore. He was sad.
        
       | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
       | > Encouragement for inventors of new products, techniques, and
       | import trades, who received rewards from the state, and not just
       | temporary monopoly patents.
       | 
       | I think we should explore this one. It's better to solve a
       | problem permanently than to create an industry around solving it
       | temporarily. I'd happily pay into a fund that rewards people for
       | doing so if it meant fewer subscription-type relationships and
       | more now-I'll-never-have-that-problem-ever-again moments.
        
         | contingencies wrote:
         | We've tried using the state and other authorities as the
         | arbiter of value. It hasn't turned out so well.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | It hasn't? Who decides where to build highways? The state
           | does. How do they decide? By judging where they provide
           | value.
        
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       (page generated 2023-04-07 23:00 UTC)